Jump to content

Carletonomys: Difference between revisions

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
←Created page with '{{Taxobox|name=''Carletonomys cailoi'' |fossil_range=Pleistocene |regnum=Animalia |phylum=Chordata |classis=Mammalia |ordo=Rodentia |fa...'
 
 
(40 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Extinct genus of rodents}}
{{Taxobox|name=''Carletonomys cailoi''
{{Speciesbox
|fossil_range=[[Pleistocene]]
| fossil_range = [[Pleistocene|Mid Pleistocene]] ([[Ensenadan]])<br/>~{{fossil range|1.2|0.8}}
|regnum=[[Animal]]ia
⚫
| genus = Carletonomys
|phylum=[[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| parent_authority = Pardiñas, 2008
|classis=[[Mammal]]ia
⚫
| species = cailoi
|ordo=[[Rodent]]ia
⚫
| authority = Pardiñas, 2008
|familia=[[Cricetidae]]
| range_map = Carletonomys distribution.png
|subfamilia=[[Sigmodontinae]]
| range_map_alt = The single known collection site is in coastal eastern Argentina
⚫
|tribus=[[Oryzomyini]]
}}
⚫
|genus='''''Carletonomys'''''
⚫
|genus_authority=Pardiñas, 2008
⚫
|species='''''C. cailoi'''''
|binomial=Carletonomys cailoi
⚫
|binomial_authority=Pardiñas, 2008}}
⚫
'''''Carletonomys cailoi''''' is a [[rodent]] known from the [[Pleistocene]] of [[Buenos Aires Province]], [[Argentina]]. Although known only from a single [[maxilla]] (upper jaw) with the first [[molar]] in it, its features are so distinctive that it is placed in its own [[genus]], '''''Carletonomys'''''. Discovered in 1998 and formally described in 2008, it is part of a well-defined group of [[oryzomyine]] rodents that also includes ''[[Holochilus]]'', ''[[Noronhomys]]'', ''[[Lundomys]]'', and ''[[Pseudoryzomys]]'' and that is characterized by progressive [[semiaquatic]] specializations and a reduction in the complexity of molar [[morphology (biology)|morphology]].<ref>Pardiñas, 2008; Weksler, 2006, p. 113</ref>


⚫
'''''Carletonomys cailoi''''' is an [[extinction|extinct]] [[rodent]] from the [[Pleistocene]] ([[Ensenadan]]) of [[Buenos Aires Province]], [[Argentina]]. Although known only from a single [[maxilla]] (upper jaw) with the first [[molar (tooth)|molar]], its features are so distinctive that it is placed in its own [[genus]], '''''Carletonomys'''''. Discovered in 1998 and formally described in 2008, it is part of a well-defined group of [[oryzomyini|oryzomyine]] rodents that also includes ''[[Holochilus]]'', ''[[Noronhomys]]'', ''[[Lundomys]]'', and ''[[Pseudoryzomys]]''. This group is characterized by progressive [[semiaquatic]] specializations and a reduction in the complexity of molar [[morphology (biology)|morphology]].
==Taxonomic history and relationships==
⚫
The single known specimen of ''C. cailoi'' was discovered in 1998 in a [[silt]] deposit in [[San Cayetano Partido]], southeastern [[Buenos Aires Province]], which the [[stratigraphy|stratigraphic]] context suggests is slightly over 1 million years old ([[Ensenadan]] South American Land Mammal Age), making ''Carletonomys'' the oldest known oryzomyine.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1276</ref> It is now in the collections of the [[Museo de La Plata]] as specimen MLP 98-I-15-1. The specimen was initially referred to the genus ''[[Noronhomys]]'', which is known only from the island of [[Fernando de Noronha]] off northeastern [[Brazil]], but in 2008 Argentinean mammalogist Ulyses Pardiñas established it as the [[holotype]] of a new genus and species in a publication in the ''[[Journal of Mammalogy]]''. The generic name, ''Carletonomys'', combines the name of distinguished American zoologist Michael Carleton with the [[Ancient Greek]] μυς "mouse" and the specific name, ''cailoi'', honors Argentinean biologist Carlos "Cailo" Galliari.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1271, 1272</ref>


The single known molar is high-crowned ([[hypsodont]]) and flat-crowned (planar) and is distinctive in lacking the ridge that connects the front to the middle part of the molar, the [[anterior mure]], and in the configuration of another ridge, the [[mesoloph]]. ''Carletonomys'' was probably [[herbivore|herbivorous]] and lived in a wet habitat.
⚫
''C. cailoi'' has a number of features that suggest a relation to a group of [[oryzomyine]] rodents that includes the South American marsh rat ''[[Holochilus]]'', including high-crowned ([[hypsodont]]) molars and several details of molar morphology. It shows the most similarity to ''[[Noronhomys]]'' and ''[[Holochilus]]'', so much so that Pardiñas considered placing it in either of these two genera, but its distinctive morphological features justify placement in a separate genus.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1275</ref>

==Taxonomy==
⚫
''Carletonomys cailoi'' was discovered in 1998 in a [[silt]] deposit in [[San Cayetano Partido]], southeastern [[Buenos Aires Province]]. The [[stratigraphy|stratigraphic]] context suggests this locality is slightly over 1 million years old ([[Ensenadan]] South American Land Mammal Age), making ''Carletonomys'' the oldest known oryzomyine.<ref name=P76>Pardiñas, 2008, p.&nbsp;1276</ref> The single known specimen is now in the collections of the [[Museo de La Plata]]. It was initially referred to the genus ''[[Noronhomys]]'', which is currently known only from the island of [[Fernando de Noronha]] off northeastern [[Brazil]], but in 2008 Argentinean mammalogist Ulyses Pardiñas established it as the [[holotype]] of a new genus and species of rodent in a publication in the ''[[Journal of Mammalogy]]''. The [[Genus#Generic name|generic name]], ''Carletonomys'', combines the name of American mammalogist Michael Carleton with the [[Ancient Greek]] μυς ''mys'' "mouse"<ref name=P71>Pardiñas, 2008, p.&nbsp;1271</ref> and the [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''cailoi'', honors Argentinean biologist Carlos "Cailo" Galliari.<ref name=P72>Pardiñas, 2008, p.&nbsp;1272</ref>

⚫
The fossil has a number of features that suggest a relation to a group of [[oryzomyini|oryzomyine]] rodents that includes the South American marsh rat ''[[Holochilus]]'', its living relatives ''[[Lundomys]]'' and ''[[Pseudoryzomys]]'', and the extinct ''[[Noronhomys]]'' and ''[[Holochilus primigenus]]''.<ref name=P75>Pardiñas, 2008, p.&nbsp;1275</ref> They share high-crowned ([[hypsodont]]) molars and several simplifications of molar morphology,<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, pp.&nbsp;1273–1274; Weksler, 2006, p.&nbsp;131</ref> as well as other features that cannot be assessed in ''Carletonomys'', which indicate specializations towards a [[semiaquatic]] lifestyle.<ref>Weksler, 2006, p.&nbsp;131</ref> It shows the most similarity to ''Noronhomys'' and ''Holochilus'', so much so that Pardiñas considered placing it in either of these two genera, but its distinctive morphological features justify placement in a separate genus.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, pp.&nbsp;1274–1275</ref>

This group of genera encompasses only a small part of the diversity of the [[tribe (taxonomy)|tribe]] [[Oryzomyini]], a group of over a hundred species distributed mainly in South America, including nearby islands such as the [[Galápagos Islands]] and some of the [[Antilles]]. Oryzomyini is one of several tribes recognized within the [[subfamily]] [[Sigmodontinae]], which encompasses hundreds of species found across South America and into southern North America. Sigmodontinae itself is the largest subfamily of the family [[Cricetidae]], other members of which include [[vole]]s, [[lemming]]s, [[hamster]]s, and [[Peromyscus|deermice]], all mainly from Eurasia and North America.<ref>Musser and Carleton, 2005</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Lundomys molitor type.png|thumb|left|alt=From top to bottom: side view of skull with mandible, missing the upper incisor and much of the posterior part; text "2. Hesperomys molitor"; and views of the same skull from above and below.|Skull of ''[[Lundomys|Lundomys molitor]]'', a living rodent closely related to ''Carletonomys'', with a mandible of a different species.<ref>Voss and Carleton, 1993, p.&nbsp;6</ref>]]
The holotype is a right [[maxilla]] with the upper first molar (M1) in it. It is broken off behind the M1, but much of the anterior part, including the [[zygomatic plate]], is preserved. The M1 is moderately worn, indicating that it comes from an adult individual. With an M1 length of 3.59 mm and width of 2.53 mm, ''C. cailoi'' was one of the largest oryzomyines known, rivaled only by ''[[Lundomys]]'' and the extinct Antillean ''[[Megalomys]]''.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, table 1</ref> The height of the M1 is 1.37 mm and it has four roots, including a large one in front, another large one on the inner (lingual) side, and two smaller ones on the outer (labial) side. The second labial root is variable among oryzomyines, occurring among others in ''Holochilus'' and ''Pseudoryzomys'' but not in ''Lundomys''. The maxilla itself shows few significant characters. The posterior margin of the [[incisive foramen]] is not visible, suggesting that it was probably short, as in ''Holochilus''. The configuration of the zygomatic plate shows some features that are variable among ''Noronhomys'' and its close relatives.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1273</ref>
The holotype is a right [[maxilla]] (upper jaw) with the upper first [[molar (tooth)|molar]] (M1) in it. It is broken off behind the M1, but much of the front part is preserved, including the [[zygomatic plate]], the flattened front portion of the [[zygomatic arch]] (cheekbone). The M1 is moderately worn, indicating that it is from an adult individual.<ref name=P71/> With an M1 length of 3.59&nbsp;mm and width of 2.53&nbsp;mm, ''C.&nbsp;cailoi'' was one of the largest oryzomyines known, rivaled only by ''[[Lundomys]]'' and the extinct Antillean ''[[Megalomys]]'' and "''[[Ekbletomys]]''".<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, table&nbsp;1; Ray, 1962</ref> The height of the M1 is 1.37&nbsp;mm and it has four roots, including a large one in front, another large one on the inner (lingual) side, and two smaller ones on the outer (labial) side. The presence of a second labial root is a variable character among oryzomyines, occurring among others in ''Holochilus'' and ''Pseudoryzomys'' but not in ''Lundomys''. The maxilla itself shows few significant characters. The back margin of the [[incisive foramen]], which perforates the [[palate]] between the upper [[incisor]]s and the molars, is not visible, suggesting that the foramen was short, as in ''Holochilus''. The configuration of the zygomatic plate shows features that distinguish ''C.&nbsp;cailoi'' from some of its relatives.<ref name=P73>Pardiñas, 2008, p.&nbsp;1273</ref>


The molar is plane and hypsodont; thus the crowns are relatively high and that the main cusps are about as high as the other parts of the crown, as in ''Holochilus''. Most other oryzomyines have bunodont and brachydont molars, in which the crowns are lower and the cusps are higher than the rest of the crown. Like in its closest relatives, the anterior part of the molar is relatively simple, lacking an [[anteroloph]], an additional ridge that is well-developed in most oryzomyines. A shallow [[anteromedian flexus]] is present, superficially dividing the anterior cusp ([[anterocone]]). Uniquely, the [[anterior mure]], which connects the anterocone to the rest of the crown is absent; although this structure is sometimes missing in young individuals of other oryzomyines, it usually develops as a result of wear in adults. The two cusps on the middle part of the molar, the [[paracone]] and the [[protocone]], are broadly connected. The [[median mure]], which connects the middle to the posterior pair of cusps, is attached to the posterior side of the paracone. A complete [[mesoloph]] is present, descending from the median mure slightly behind the paracone. The morphology of the paracone—median mure—mesoloph complex is unique to ''Noronhomys''. The two posterior cusps, the [[hypocone]] and the [[metacone]], are connected at the posterior margin of the molar. Unlike in most oryzomyines, no [[posteroflexus]] is present, so that the metacone is situated directly at the posterior margin.
The molar is plane and hypsodont: the crowns are relatively high and the main cusps are about as high as the other parts of the crown,<ref name=P72/> as they are in ''Holochilus''. Most other oryzomyines have bunodont and brachydont molars, in which the crowns are lower and the cusps are higher than the rest of the crown.<ref>Weksler, 2006, p.&nbsp;44</ref> As in closely related species, the front part of the molar is relatively simple, lacking an [[anteroloph]], an additional ridge that is well-developed in most oryzomyines.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, fig.&nbsp;1; Weksler, 2006, p.&nbsp;45</ref> A shallow [[anteromedian flexus]] is present, superficially dividing the front cusp ([[anterocone]]).<ref name=P72/> Uniquely, the [[anterior mure]], which connects the anterocone to the rest of the crown, is absent; although this structure is sometimes missing in young individuals of other oryzomyines, it usually develops as a result of wear in adults.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, pp.&nbsp;1272–1273</ref> The two cusps on the middle part of the molar, the [[paracone]] and the [[protocone]], are broadly connected. The [[median mure]], which connects the middle to the back pair of cusps, is attached to the back of the paracone. A complete [[mesoloph]] is present, descending from the median mure slightly behind the paracone.<ref name=P72/> The configuration of the paracone–median mure–mesoloph complex is unique to ''Carletonomys''.<ref name=P73/> The two posterior cusps, the [[hypocone]] and the [[metacone]], are connected at the back margin of the molar. Unlike in most oryzomyines, no [[posteroflexus]] is present, so that the metacone is situated directly at the back margin.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, fig.&nbsp;1; p.&nbsp;1273</ref>


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
''C. cailoi'' was found in association with remains of several other animals, including fishes, [[Chelidae|chelid]] turtles, frogs, birds, armadillos, and several rodents, including ''[[Reithrodon auritus]]'', the [[coypu]] (''Myocastor''), both of which still live in the area, the extinct [[echimyid]] ''[[Dicolpomys]]'', and unidentified [[caviid]]s and [[octodontid]]s. ''C. cailoi'' probably lived in a wetland habitat under relatively warm and moist climatic conditions.<ref>Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1275</ref> Although the limited material known permits few inferences as to the animal's natural history, it likely fed on hard plant material, as do related extant species.
''Carletonomys'' was found in association with remains of several other animals, including fishes, [[Chelidae|chelid]] turtles, frogs, birds, armadillos, and several rodents, including ''[[Reithrodon auritus]]'', the [[coypu]] (''Myocastor''), both of which still live in the area, the extinct [[echimyid]] ''[[Dicolpomys]]'', and unidentified [[caviid]]s and [[octodontid]]s. ''C.&nbsp;cailoi'' probably lived in a [[wetland]] habitat under relatively warm and moist climatic conditions. Although the limited material known permits few inferences as to the animal's natural history, it likely fed on hard plant material, as do related, morphologically similar extant species.<ref name="P76"/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
<references/>

⚫
*Pardiñas, U.F.J. 2008. A new genus of oryzomyine rodent (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from the Pleistocene of Argentina. Journal of Mammalogy 89(5):1270-1278.
===Bibliography===
⚫
*Weksler, M. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomyine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 196:1-149.
* Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp.&nbsp;894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed]. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8221-0}}
⚫
[[Category:Pleistocene mammals]]
⚫
* Pardiñas, U.F.J. 2008. [http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-099.1 A new genus of oryzomyine rodent (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from the Pleistocene of Argentina] (subscription required). ''Journal of Mammalogy'' 89(5):1270–1278.
⚫
[[Category:Sigmodontinae]]
* Ray, C.E. 1962. The Oryzomyine Rodents of the Antillean Subregion. Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Harvard University, 211 pp.
* Voss, R.S. and Carleton, M.D. 1993. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/4982 A new genus for ''Hesperomys molitor'' Winge and ''Holochilus magnus'' Hershkovitz (Mammalia, Muridae) with an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships]. ''American Museum Novitates'' 3085:1–39.
⚫
* Weksler, M. 2006. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/5777 Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomyine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data]. ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' 296:1–149.

{{Oryzomyini nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5041263}}
{{Good article}}

⚫
[[Category:Oryzomyini]]
[[Category:Monotypic prehistoric rodent genera]]
⚫
[[Category:Pleistocene rodents]]
[[Category:Pleistocene genus extinctions]]
[[Category:Pleistocene mammals of South America]]
⚫
[[Category:Ensenadan]]
[[Category:Pleistocene Argentina]]
[[Category:Fossils of Argentina]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2008]]

Latest revision as of 05:20, 5 November 2024

Carletonomys
Temporal range: Mid Pleistocene (Ensenadan)
~1.2–0.8 Ma
↓
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
Genus: †Carletonomys
Pardiñas, 2008
Species:
†C. cailoi
Binomial name
†Carletonomys cailoi
Pardiñas, 2008
The single known collection site is in coastal eastern Argentina

Carletonomys cailoi is an extinct rodent from the Pleistocene (Ensenadan) of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Although known only from a single maxilla (upper jaw) with the first molar, its features are so distinctive that it is placed in its own genus, Carletonomys. Discovered in 1998 and formally described in 2008, it is part of a well-defined group of oryzomyine rodents that also includes Holochilus, Noronhomys, Lundomys, and Pseudoryzomys. This group is characterized by progressive semiaquatic specializations and a reduction in the complexity of molar morphology.

The single known molar is high-crowned (hypsodont) and flat-crowned (planar) and is distinctive in lacking the ridge that connects the front to the middle part of the molar, the anterior mure, and in the configuration of another ridge, the mesoloph. Carletonomys was probably herbivorous and lived in a wet habitat.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Carletonomys cailoi was discovered in 1998 in a silt deposit in San Cayetano Partido, southeastern Buenos Aires Province. The stratigraphic context suggests this locality is slightly over 1 million years old (Ensenadan South American Land Mammal Age), making Carletonomys the oldest known oryzomyine.[1] The single known specimen is now in the collections of the Museo de La Plata. It was initially referred to the genus Noronhomys, which is currently known only from the island of Fernando de Noronha off northeastern Brazil, but in 2008 Argentinean mammalogist Ulyses Pardiñas established it as the holotype of a new genus and species of rodent in a publication in the Journal of Mammalogy. The generic name, Carletonomys, combines the name of American mammalogist Michael Carleton with the Ancient Greek μυς mys "mouse"[2] and the specific name, cailoi, honors Argentinean biologist Carlos "Cailo" Galliari.[3]

The fossil has a number of features that suggest a relation to a group of oryzomyine rodents that includes the South American marsh rat Holochilus, its living relatives Lundomys and Pseudoryzomys, and the extinct Noronhomys and Holochilus primigenus.[4] They share high-crowned (hypsodont) molars and several simplifications of molar morphology,[5] as well as other features that cannot be assessed in Carletonomys, which indicate specializations towards a semiaquatic lifestyle.[6] It shows the most similarity to Noronhomys and Holochilus, so much so that Pardiñas considered placing it in either of these two genera, but its distinctive morphological features justify placement in a separate genus.[7]

This group of genera encompasses only a small part of the diversity of the tribe Oryzomyini, a group of over a hundred species distributed mainly in South America, including nearby islands such as the Galápagos Islands and some of the Antilles. Oryzomyini is one of several tribes recognized within the subfamily Sigmodontinae, which encompasses hundreds of species found across South America and into southern North America. Sigmodontinae itself is the largest subfamily of the family Cricetidae, other members of which include voles, lemmings, hamsters, and deermice, all mainly from Eurasia and North America.[8]

Description

[edit]
From top to bottom: side view of skull with mandible, missing the upper incisor and much of the posterior part; text "2. Hesperomys molitor"; and views of the same skull from above and below.
Skull of Lundomys molitor, a living rodent closely related to Carletonomys, with a mandible of a different species.[9]

The holotype is a right maxilla (upper jaw) with the upper first molar (M1) in it. It is broken off behind the M1, but much of the front part is preserved, including the zygomatic plate, the flattened front portion of the zygomatic arch (cheekbone). The M1 is moderately worn, indicating that it is from an adult individual.[2] With an M1 length of 3.59 mm and width of 2.53 mm, C. cailoi was one of the largest oryzomyines known, rivaled only by Lundomys and the extinct Antillean Megalomys and "Ekbletomys".[10] The height of the M1 is 1.37 mm and it has four roots, including a large one in front, another large one on the inner (lingual) side, and two smaller ones on the outer (labial) side. The presence of a second labial root is a variable character among oryzomyines, occurring among others in Holochilus and Pseudoryzomys but not in Lundomys. The maxilla itself shows few significant characters. The back margin of the incisive foramen, which perforates the palate between the upper incisors and the molars, is not visible, suggesting that the foramen was short, as in Holochilus. The configuration of the zygomatic plate shows features that distinguish C. cailoi from some of its relatives.[11]

The molar is plane and hypsodont: the crowns are relatively high and the main cusps are about as high as the other parts of the crown,[3] as they are in Holochilus. Most other oryzomyines have bunodont and brachydont molars, in which the crowns are lower and the cusps are higher than the rest of the crown.[12] As in closely related species, the front part of the molar is relatively simple, lacking an anteroloph, an additional ridge that is well-developed in most oryzomyines.[13] A shallow anteromedian flexus is present, superficially dividing the front cusp (anterocone).[3] Uniquely, the anterior mure, which connects the anterocone to the rest of the crown, is absent; although this structure is sometimes missing in young individuals of other oryzomyines, it usually develops as a result of wear in adults.[14] The two cusps on the middle part of the molar, the paracone and the protocone, are broadly connected. The median mure, which connects the middle to the back pair of cusps, is attached to the back of the paracone. A complete mesoloph is present, descending from the median mure slightly behind the paracone.[3] The configuration of the paracone–median mure–mesoloph complex is unique to Carletonomys.[11] The two posterior cusps, the hypocone and the metacone, are connected at the back margin of the molar. Unlike in most oryzomyines, no posteroflexus is present, so that the metacone is situated directly at the back margin.[15]

Ecology

[edit]

Carletonomys was found in association with remains of several other animals, including fishes, chelid turtles, frogs, birds, armadillos, and several rodents, including Reithrodon auritus, the coypu (Myocastor), both of which still live in the area, the extinct echimyid Dicolpomys, and unidentified caviids and octodontids. C. cailoi probably lived in a wetland habitat under relatively warm and moist climatic conditions. Although the limited material known permits few inferences as to the animal's natural history, it likely fed on hard plant material, as do related, morphologically similar extant species.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1276
  2. ^ a b Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1271
  3. ^ a b c d Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1272
  4. ^ Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1275
  5. ^ Pardiñas, 2008, pp. 1273–1274; Weksler, 2006, p. 131
  6. ^ Weksler, 2006, p. 131
  7. ^ Pardiñas, 2008, pp. 1274–1275
  8. ^ Musser and Carleton, 2005
  9. ^ Voss and Carleton, 1993, p. 6
  10. ^ Pardiñas, 2008, table 1; Ray, 1962
  11. ^ a b Pardiñas, 2008, p. 1273
  12. ^ Weksler, 2006, p. 44
  13. ^ Pardiñas, 2008, fig. 1; Weksler, 2006, p. 45
  14. ^ Pardiñas, 2008, pp. 1272–1273
  15. ^ Pardiñas, 2008, fig. 1; p. 1273

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
  • Pardiñas, U.F.J. 2008. A new genus of oryzomyine rodent (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from the Pleistocene of Argentina (subscription required). Journal of Mammalogy 89(5):1270–1278.
  • Ray, C.E. 1962. The Oryzomyine Rodents of the Antillean Subregion. Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Harvard University, 211 pp.
  • Voss, R.S. and Carleton, M.D. 1993. A new genus for Hesperomys molitor Winge and Holochilus magnus Hershkovitz (Mammalia, Muridae) with an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3085:1–39.
  • Weksler, M. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomyine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 296:1–149.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Carletonomys&oldid=1255487725"