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{{Short description|Soviet sniper (1893–1945)}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| name = Nina Pavlovna Petrova
| name = Nina Petrova
| native_name = Нина Павловна Петрова
| native_name = Нина Павловна Петрова
| image = Nina Pavlovna Petrova.jpg
| image = Nina Pavlovna Petrova.jpg
Line 12: Line 13:
| branch = [[Red Army]]
| branch = [[Red Army]]
| unit = 284th Infantry Regiment
| unit = 284th Infantry Regiment
| battles = [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front of World War II]]{{KIA}}
| battles =
{{tree list}}
* [[World War II]]
** [[Winter War]]
** [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]{{KIA}}
{{tree list/end}}
| serviceyears = 1939–1945
| serviceyears = 1939–1945
| rank = [[Starshina]]
| rank = [[Starshina]]
| awards = [[Order of Glory]] 1st Class
| awards = [[Order of Glory]], 1st Class
}}
}}
'''Nina Petrova''' ({{lang-ru|Нина Петрова}}; 27 July 1893 – 1 May 1945) was a [[sniper]] during the Winter War and World War II credited with 122 kills, making her one of the most successful female snipers in history. She was posthumously awarded the Order of Glory 1st class on 29 June 1945, making her one of only four women to be awarded all three classes of the award.
'''Nina Pavlovna Petrova''' ({{langx|ru|Нина Павловна Петрова}}; 27 July 1893 – 1 May 1945) was a Soviet [[sniper]] during the Winter War and World War II. She was credited with 122 kills by the Soviet government. She was posthumously awarded the Order of Glory 1st class on 29 June 1945, making her one of only four women to be awarded all three classes of the award.


==Civilian Life==
==Civilian life==
Petrova was born in 1893 to a Russian family in Lomonsov within the Russian Empire. Her father was an officer in the Russian navy but died shortly after the family moved to [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]. Her mother was left to raise the five children by herself, so after completing secondary school Nina enrolled in trade school. Three years later the family moved to Vladivostok where Nina worked as an accountant during the day and went to school at night. Later she moved to Revel and found employment at a shipyard. During the 1917 revolution she was a resident of [[Lodeynoye Pole]] in the St. Petersburg Oblast but moved to the city of Leningrad with her daughter in 1927. There she worked as a gym teacher and was active in various sports including horseback riding, cycling, rowing, swimming, basketball, skiing, hockey, and skating. From 1934 to 1935 she was the team captain of the Leningrad Military District women's ice hockey team. After improving her sharpshooting skills she entered a sniper school and became a certified sniper instructor.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/228063546|title=Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers|last=Janina|first=Cottam|date=1998|publisher=Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co|year=|isbn=1585101605|location=Newburyport, MA|pages=|oclc=228063546}}</ref>
Petrova was born in 1893 to a Russian family in [[Lomonosov, Russia|Lomonsov village]] within the Russian Empire. During Nina's youth her father died, leaving their mother alone to raise five children by herself, so after completing secondary school Nina enrolled in trade school. Three years later, the family moved to [[Vladivostok]] where Nina worked as an accountant during the day and went to school at night.


Later, Petrova moved to Revel and found employment at a shipyard. During the [[1917 Revolution]], she was a resident of [[Lodeynoye Pole]] in the St. Petersburg Oblast but moved to the city of Leningrad with her daughter in 1927. There she worked as a gym teacher and was active in various sports including horseback riding, cycling, rowing, swimming, basketball, skiing, hockey, and skating. From 1934 to 1935, Petrova was the team captain of the Leningrad Military District women's ice hockey team. After improving her sharpshooting skills, she entered a sniper school and became a certified sniper instructor.{{sfn|Cottam|1998|p=400}}{{sfn|Mizin|1998|pp=8-9}}
⚫
==Military Career==
⚫
Petrova fought in the [[Winter War|Soviet-Finnish War]] before volunteering for service in the German-Soviet War. Initially she served in the 4th Division of the Leningrad People's Militia before entering a medical battalion, even though she was too old to be drafted. In November 1941 she transferred to fight as a [[sniper]] in the 1st Infantry Battalion of the 284th Infantry Regiment of the 86th Tartu Rifle Division, where she rose through the ranks to sergeant-major (starshina). In the Battle of Leningrad she trained other soldiers of the Red Army as snipers in addition to participating in direct combat.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=4061|title=Петрова Нина Павловна|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref>


⚫
==Military career==
⚫
On 16 January 1944 in the village of Zarudiny in the [[Leningrad Oblast]] she took out an enemy communications officer and another soldier. Her position was discovered and she managed to retreat to a different position and take out three more before it was attacked. From January to March 1944 she took out 23 enemy soldiers and was awarded the Order of Glory 3rd class on 2 March 1944 for her actions in Leningrad. For her actions in Leningrad she was awarded the [[Medal "For Battle Merit"|Medal For Battle Merit]] and the [[Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"|Medal For the Defence of Leningrad]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kovlaev|first=G|date=1980|title=Нина Петрова — полный кавалер ордена Славы|url=http://www.a-z.ru/women_cd2/12/7/i80_268.htm|journal=ВЕЛИКАЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ В ПИСЬМАХ М.|publisher=[[Politizdat]]|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
⚫
Petrova fought in the [[Winter War|Soviet-Finnish War]] before volunteering for service in the [[German–Soviet War]]. Initially, Petrova served in the 4th Division of the Leningrad People's Militia before entering a medical battalion, even though she was too old to be drafted. In November 1941, she transferred to fight as a [[sniper]] in the 1st Infantry Battalion of the 284th Infantry Regiment of the 86th Tartu Rifle Division, where she rose through the ranks to sergeant-major (''starshina'').


In early August 1944 while fighting on the [[3rd Baltic Front]] she fought in a battle near the Lepassaare railway station in Estonia. During those combat engagements she killed an additional twelve enemy soldiers for which she was awarded the Order of Glory 2nd class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://airaces.narod.ru/snipers/w1/petrv_np.htm|title=Петрова Нина Павловна|last=|first=|date=|website=airaces.narod.ru|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref>
In the [[Siege of Leningrad|Battle of Leningrad]], Petrova trained other soldiers of the Red Army as snipers in addition to participating in direct combat.{{sfn|Cottam|1998|p=400}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=4061|title=Петрова Нина Павловна|website=warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref>


⚫
On 16 January 1944, in the village of Zarudiny in the [[Leningrad Oblast]], Petrova took out an enemy communications officer and another soldier. Her position was discovered and she managed to retreat to a different position and shot three more before it was attacked. From January to March 1944, she took out 23 enemy soldiers and was awarded the Order of Glory 3rd class on 2 March 1944 for her actions in Leningrad. For her actions in Leningrad, she was awarded the [[Medal "For Battle Merit"|Medal For Battle Merit]] and the [[Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"|Medal For the Defence of Leningrad]].{{sfn|Cottam|1998|p=401}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kovlaev|first=G|date=1980|title=Нина Петрова — полный кавалер ордена Славы|url=http://www.a-z.ru/women_cd2/12/7/i80_268.htm|journal=ВЕЛИКАЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ В ПИСЬМАХ М.|publisher=[[Politizdat]]|trans-title=Nina Petrova - full holder of the Order of Glory |language=ru}}</ref>
⚫
While fighting on the [[2nd Belorussian Front]] in the battle for the control of Elbing in February 1945 she provided cover to her unit by attacking enemy positions with sniper fire, killing 32 enemy soldiers in that engagement and bringing her kill tally to 100 with her victories in Leningrad, Lepassaare, and other battles. For her actions in Elbing she was nominated to be awarded the Order of Glory 1st Class but did not live to receive it. She was killed in action on 1 May 1945, just days before the end of the war, when a mortar attack pushed her off a cliff. Throughout her career she trained 512 other snipers, killed 122 enemy soldiers, and took three enemy combatants hostage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soviet-aces-1936-53.ru/snipers/abc/p/petrova_np.htm|title=Петрова Нина Павловна|last=|first=|date=|website=soviet-aces-1936-53.ru|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wio.ru/galgrnd/sniper/sniper.htm|title=Top WW2 Snipers rating and photogalleries|website=wio.ru|language=en|access-date=2018-05-10}}</ref>

In early August 1944, while fighting on the [[3rd Baltic Front]], Petrova fought in a battle near the Lepassaare railway station in Estonia. During those combat engagements, she killed an additional twelve enemy soldiers for which she was awarded the Order of Glory 2nd class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://airaces.narod.ru/snipers/w1/petrv_np.htm |title=Петрова Нина Павловна |website=airaces.narod.ru|access-date=2018-05-13 |trans-title=Petrova Nina Pavlovna |language=ru}}</ref>

=== Battle for Elbing, death and legacy ===
⚫
While fighting on the [[2nd Belorussian Front]] in the battle for the control of [[Elbing]] in February 1945, Petrova provided cover to her unit by attacking enemy positions with sniper fire, killing 32 enemy soldiers in that engagement and bringing her kill tally to 100 with her victories in Leningrad, Lepassaare, and other battles. For her actions in Elbing, Petrova was nominated to be awarded the Order of Glory 1st Class but did not live to receive it. She was killed in action on 1 May 1945, just days before the end of the war, when a mortar attack pushed her off a cliff. Throughout her career she trained 512 other snipers, killed 122 enemy soldiers, and took three enemy combatants hostage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soviet-aces-1936-53.ru/snipers/abc/p/petrova_np.htm|title=Петрова Нина Павловна|website=soviet-aces-1936-53.ru|access-date=2018-05-13 |trans-title=Petrova Nina Pavlovna |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wio.ru/galgrnd/sniper/sniper.htm|title=Top WW2 Snipers rating and photogalleries|website=wio.ru|language=en|access-date=2018-05-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160101134714/http://wio.ru/galgrnd/sniper/sniper.htm|archive-date=2016-01-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Awards and honors ==
== Awards and honors ==
* [[Order of Glory]] (all three classes)
* [[Order of Glory]] (3rd class - 2 March 1944, 2nd class - 20 August 1944, 1st class - 29 June 1945)
* [[Order of the Patriotic War]] 2nd Class
* [[Order of the Patriotic War]] 2nd class (2 April 1945)
* [[Medal "For Battle Merit"]]
* [[Medal "For Battle Merit"]] (11 April 1943)
* [[Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"]]
* [[Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"]]{{sfn|Simonov|Chudinova|2017|p=328}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Soviet Union|World War II}}
{{Portal|Soviet Union}}
* [[Matrena Necheporchukova]]
* [[Matrena Necheporchukova]]
* [[Danute Staneliene]]
* [[Danute Staneliene]]
Line 46: Line 57:


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{Cite book|title=Женщины - Герои Советского Союза и России |trans-title=Women - Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia |last1=Simonov|first1=Andrey|author-link=Andrey Simonov|last2=Chudinova|first2=Svetlana|publisher=Russian Knights Foundation and Museum of Technology Vadim Zadorozhny|year=2017|isbn=9785990960701|location=Moscow|oclc=1019634607}}
* {{Cite book|title=Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers|last=Cottam|first=Kazimiera|date=1998|publisher=Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co|isbn=1585101605|location=Newburyport, MA|oclc=228063546}}
* {{cite book|title=Снайпер Петрова|last=Mizin|first=Vasily|year=1998|location=Leningrad|publisher=Lenizdat}}

{{WWII women snipers}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Petrova, Nina}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Petrova, Nina}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:Women in World War II]]
[[Category:Soviet women in World War II]]
[[Category:Soviet military snipers]]
[[Category:Soviet military snipers]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Glory]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Glory]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel of the Winter War]]
[[Category:Women in the Russian and Soviet military]]

Latest revision as of 05:59, 5 November 2024

Nina Petrova
Native name
Нина Павловна Петрова
Born27 July 1893
Lomonosov, Russian Empire
Died1 May 1945 (aged 51)
Gmina Gryfino, Nazi-occupied Poland
Allegiance Soviet Union
Service / branchRed Army
Years of service1939–1945
RankStarshina
Unit284th Infantry Regiment
Battles / wars
AwardsOrder of Glory, 1st Class

Nina Pavlovna Petrova (Russian: Нина Павловна Петрова; 27 July 1893 – 1 May 1945) was a Soviet sniper during the Winter War and World War II. She was credited with 122 kills by the Soviet government. She was posthumously awarded the Order of Glory 1st class on 29 June 1945, making her one of only four women to be awarded all three classes of the award.

Civilian life

[edit]

Petrova was born in 1893 to a Russian family in Lomonsov village within the Russian Empire. During Nina's youth her father died, leaving their mother alone to raise five children by herself, so after completing secondary school Nina enrolled in trade school. Three years later, the family moved to Vladivostok where Nina worked as an accountant during the day and went to school at night.

Later, Petrova moved to Revel and found employment at a shipyard. During the 1917 Revolution, she was a resident of Lodeynoye Pole in the St. Petersburg Oblast but moved to the city of Leningrad with her daughter in 1927. There she worked as a gym teacher and was active in various sports including horseback riding, cycling, rowing, swimming, basketball, skiing, hockey, and skating. From 1934 to 1935, Petrova was the team captain of the Leningrad Military District women's ice hockey team. After improving her sharpshooting skills, she entered a sniper school and became a certified sniper instructor.[1][2]

Military career

[edit]

Petrova fought in the Soviet-Finnish War before volunteering for service in the German–Soviet War. Initially, Petrova served in the 4th Division of the Leningrad People's Militia before entering a medical battalion, even though she was too old to be drafted. In November 1941, she transferred to fight as a sniper in the 1st Infantry Battalion of the 284th Infantry Regiment of the 86th Tartu Rifle Division, where she rose through the ranks to sergeant-major (starshina).

In the Battle of Leningrad, Petrova trained other soldiers of the Red Army as snipers in addition to participating in direct combat.[1][3]

On 16 January 1944, in the village of Zarudiny in the Leningrad Oblast, Petrova took out an enemy communications officer and another soldier. Her position was discovered and she managed to retreat to a different position and shot three more before it was attacked. From January to March 1944, she took out 23 enemy soldiers and was awarded the Order of Glory 3rd class on 2 March 1944 for her actions in Leningrad. For her actions in Leningrad, she was awarded the Medal For Battle Merit and the Medal For the Defence of Leningrad.[4][5]

In early August 1944, while fighting on the 3rd Baltic Front, Petrova fought in a battle near the Lepassaare railway station in Estonia. During those combat engagements, she killed an additional twelve enemy soldiers for which she was awarded the Order of Glory 2nd class.[6]

Battle for Elbing, death and legacy

[edit]

While fighting on the 2nd Belorussian Front in the battle for the control of Elbing in February 1945, Petrova provided cover to her unit by attacking enemy positions with sniper fire, killing 32 enemy soldiers in that engagement and bringing her kill tally to 100 with her victories in Leningrad, Lepassaare, and other battles. For her actions in Elbing, Petrova was nominated to be awarded the Order of Glory 1st Class but did not live to receive it. She was killed in action on 1 May 1945, just days before the end of the war, when a mortar attack pushed her off a cliff. Throughout her career she trained 512 other snipers, killed 122 enemy soldiers, and took three enemy combatants hostage.[7][8]

Awards and honors

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Cottam 1998, p. 400.
  2. ^ Mizin 1998, pp. 8–9.
  3. ^ "Петрова Нина Павловна". warheroes.ru. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  4. ^ Cottam 1998, p. 401.
  5. ^ Kovlaev, G (1980). "Нина Петрова — полный кавалер ордена Славы" [Nina Petrova - full holder of the Order of Glory]. ВЕЛИКАЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ В ПИСЬМАХ М. (in Russian). Politizdat.
  6. ^ "Петрова Нина Павловна" [Petrova Nina Pavlovna]. airaces.narod.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  7. ^ "Петрова Нина Павловна" [Petrova Nina Pavlovna]. soviet-aces-1936-53.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  8. ^ "Top WW2 Snipers rating and photogalleries". wio.ru. Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  9. ^ Simonov & Chudinova 2017, p. 328.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Simonov, Andrey; Chudinova, Svetlana (2017). Женщины - Герои Советского Союза и России [Women - Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia]. Moscow: Russian Knights Foundation and Museum of Technology Vadim Zadorozhny. ISBN 9785990960701. OCLC 1019634607.
  • Cottam, Kazimiera (1998). Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co. ISBN 1585101605. OCLC 228063546.
  • Mizin, Vasily (1998). Снайпер Петрова. Leningrad: Lenizdat.
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