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Giocangga was accorded the [[temple name]] Jǐngzǔ (景祖) and the [[posthumous name]] Emperor Yi (翼皇帝) by the [[Qing dynasty]].
Giocangga was accorded the [[temple name]] Jǐngzǔ (景祖) and the [[posthumous name]] Emperor Yi (翼皇帝) by the [[Qing dynasty]].


Two different genetic studies were written about the Manchu [[Aisin Gioro]] imperial family. In 2005, a study led by a researcher at the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]], Tatiana Zerjal and Xue Yali called "Recent Spread of a Y-Chromosomal Lineage in Northern China and Mongolia" said that C3b2a-M48 was found in ten different ethnic minorities in northeastern China and Outer Mongolia (1.5 million men) such as Inner Mongolians, Outer Mongolians, Evenks, Oroqen, Hezhe, Manchus and Xibe, but is totally absent from all Han Chinese populations. It was therefore suggested as a possible marker of the Aisin Gioro becsuse the researchers involved dated the emergence of the subclade to the time of Giocangga and nicknamed it the "Manchu cluster" and attributed the absence of the Y chromosome in Han people to the segregation in the Eight Banner system between Manchus and Han but other ethnic minorities were in contact with Manchus..<ref>{{cite journal|title=Recent Spread of a Y-Chromosomal Lineage in Northern China and Mongolia |date=2015-09-28 |pmc=1285168 |pmid=16380921 |doi=10.1086/498583 |volume=77 |issue=6 |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |pages=1112–6 | last1 = Xue | first1 = Y | last2 = Zerjal | first2 = T | last3 = Bao | first3 = W | last4 = Zhu | first4 = S | last5 = Lim | first5 = SK | last6 = Shu | first6 = Q | last7 = Xu | first7 = J | last8 = Du | first8 = R | last9 = Fu | first9 = S | last10 = Li | first10 = P | last11 = Yang | first11 = H | last12 = Tyler-Smith | first12 = C |quote="Notable features are the occurrence of the lineage in seven different populations but its apparent absence from the most populous Chinese ethnic group, the Han."}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Recent Spread of a Y-Chromosomal Lineage in Northern China and Mongolia |doi=10.1086/498583 |volume=77 |issue=6 |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |pages=1112–1116 |pmid=16380921 |pmc=1285168 |year=2005 | last1 = Xue | first1 = Y | last2 = Zerjal | first2 = T | last3 = Bao | first3 = W | last4 = Zhu | first4 = S | last5 = Lim | first5 = SK | last6 = Shu | first6 = Q | last7 = Xu | first7 = J | last8 = Du | first8 = R | last9 = Fu | first9 = S | last10 = Li | first10 = P | last11 = Yang | first11 = H | last12 = Tyler-Smith | first12 = C}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Xue|first1= Y.|last2= Zerjal|first2= T.|last3= Bao|first3= W.|last4= Zhu|first4= S.|last5= Lim|first5= S. K.|last6= Shu|first6= Q.|last7= Xu|first7= J.|last8= Du|first8= R.|last9= Fu|first9= S.|last10= Li|first10= P.|last11= Yang|first11= H.|last12= Tyler-Smith|first12= C.|date= December 2005 |title= Recent Spread of a Y-Chromosomal Lineage in Northern China and Mongolia|journal= Am J Hum Genet|volume= 77|issue= 6|pages= 1112–1116|doi= 10.1086/498583|pmid= 16380921|pmc= 1285168}}</ref><ref name="1.5m">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4396246.stm "1.5m Chinese 'descendants of one man'"]. ''[[BBC]]''. 1 November 2005. Retrieved 15 March 2013.</ref> This was attributed to Giocangga's and his descendants' many wives and [[concubine]]s.<ref name="1.5m"/> Giocangga's descendants in the patrilineal line are concentrated among several [[ethnic minorities in China|ethnic minorities]]{{which|date=May 2019}} who were part of the Manchu [[Eight Banners]] system, and are not found in the [[Han Chinese|Han]] population.
In 2005, a study led by a researcher at the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]] suggested that Giocangga might be a direct male-line ancestor of over 1.5 million men, mostly in northeastern [[China]].<ref name="1.5m">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4396246.stm "1.5m Chinese 'descendants of one man'"]. ''[[BBC]]''. 1 November 2005. Retrieved 15 March 2013.</ref> This was attributed to Giocangga's and his descendants' many wives and [[concubine]]s.<ref name="1.5m"/> Giocangga's descendants in the patrilineal line are concentrated among several [[ethnic minorities in China|ethnic minorities]]{{which|date=May 2019}} who were part of the Manchu [[Eight Banners]] system, and are not found in the [[Han Chinese|Han]] population.

However, this study of 1.5 million men was challenged by other geneticists led by geneticist Yan Shi(嚴實‬) who conducted a new genetic study called "Y chromosome of Aisin Gioro, the imperial house of the Qing dynasty" on actual verified Aisin Gioro descendants with genealogies since the scientists involved on the first test with the 1.5 million men did not even test Aisin Gioro descendants and the Y chromosome subclade in question nicknamed the "Manchu cluster" was found more in other ethnic minorities like Mongols in Inner and Outer Mongolia, Hezhe,Evenki and Oroqen in Heilongjiang than in Manchu people and Xibe people who are close to Manchus. In addition to that, the Qing dynasty meticulously recorded the number, names and genealogy of male descendants of the Aisin Gioro and forbade them from leaving the cities of Beijing and Mukden (Shenyang). In the last official census of Aisin Gioro clansmen in 1915 by the Qing Imperial household, there were only 27,884 Aisin Gioro clan members. Manchus were also not exempt from family planning and wars and events in China over the past decades prevented the Aisin Gioro population from growing too much so the geneticists still estimate the actual number of Aisin Gioro is less than 30,000 today and they are still heavily concentrated in Beijing and Mukden. This second genetic test was conducted on seven men who claimed Aisin Gioro descent with three of them showing documented genealogical information of all their ancestors up to Nurhaci. Three of them turned out to share the Haplogroup C3b2b1*-M401(xF5483) haplogroup, out of them, two of them were the ones who provided their documented family trees. The other four tested were unrelated. This Y haplogroup subclade is rare among all ethnic groups in China including Manchus, and is the most likely candidate for Aisin Gioro, showing that royalty and powerful men do not necessarily have many descendants and also revealed that people claiming to belong to Aisin Gioro but lacking written genealogies are likely imposters. <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Yan|first1= S.|last2= Tachibana|first2= H.|last3= Wei|first3= LH|date= 2015|title= Y chromosome of Aisin Gioro, the imperial house of the Qing dynasty|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269876995|archive-url=|journal= J Hum Genet|volume= 60|issue= 6|pages= 295–298|doi= 10.1038/jhg.2015.28|pmid= 25833470|s2cid= 7505563|access-date=}}</ref> Geneticist [[Luca Cavalli-Sforza]] also ridiculed the first study claiming 1.5 million men descended from Aisin Gioro's founder, pointing out that their dating methods were too imprecise to claim the Y DNA was Giocangga's and he also doubted the seperate star cluster subclade came from Genghis Khan.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/news051024-1</ref>


== Family ==
== Family ==
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[[Category:1526 births]]
[[Category:1526 births]]
[[Category:1583 deaths]]
[[Category:1583 deaths]]
[[Category:Jurchens in Ming dynasty]]
[[Category:Jurchens in the Ming dynasty]]

Latest revision as of 07:00, 5 November 2024

This name uses Manchu naming customs. The family name is Aisin Gioro.
This article contains Manchu text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet.

Giocangga (Manchu: ᡤᡳᠣᠴᠠᠩᡤᠠ; Chinese: 覺昌安; pinyin: Juéchāng'ān; 1526–1583) was the son of Fuman and the paternal grandfather of Nurhaci, the man who unified the Jurchen peoples and founded the Later Jin dynasty of China. Both he and his son Taksi attacked Atai's fort, which was being besieged by a rival Jurchen chieftain Nikan Wailan (ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ
ᠸᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ; 尼堪外蘭 Níkān Wàilán), who promised the governance of the city to whoever would kill Atai. One of Atai's underlings rebelled and murdered him. Both Giocangga and Taksi were killed by Nikan Wailan under unclear circumstances. Giocangga, Taksi and Nikan were all under command of Li Chengliang.

Giocangga was accorded the temple name Jǐngzǔ (景祖) and the posthumous name Emperor Yi (翼皇帝) by the Qing dynasty.

In 2005, a study led by a researcher at the British Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute suggested that Giocangga might be a direct male-line ancestor of over 1.5 million men, mostly in northeastern China.[1] This was attributed to Giocangga's and his descendants' many wives and concubines.[1] Giocangga's descendants in the patrilineal line are concentrated among several ethnic minorities[which?] who were part of the Manchu Eight Banners system, and are not found in the Han population.

Family

[edit]
  • Brothers
  1. Desikū (ᡩᡝᠰᡳᡴᡠ; 德世庫, Déshìkù)
  2. Liocan (ᠯᡳᠣᠴᠠᠨ; 瑠闡, Liúchǎn)
  3. Soocangga (ᠰᠣᠣᠴᠠᠩᡤᠠ; 索長阿, Suǒcháng'ā)
  4. Boolangga (ᠪᠣᠣᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠ; 包朗阿, Bāolǎng'ā)
  5. Boosi (ᠪᠣᠣᠰᡳ; 寶實, Bǎoshí)
  • Children: (5 sons)
  1. Lidun Baturu (ᠯᡳᡩᡠᠨ
    ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ    ; 禮敦巴圖魯 Lǐdūn Bātúlǔ)
  2. Erguwen(ᡝᡵᡤᡠᠸᡝᠨ; 額爾袞 É'ěrgǔn)
  3. Jaikan (ᠵᠠᡳᡴᠠᠨ; 界堪 Jièkān)
  4. Taksi (ᡨᠠᡴᠰᡳ; 塔克世 Tǎkèshì)
  5. Taca Fiyanggū (塔察ᡨᠠᠴᠠ
    ᡶᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡡ    ; 篇古 Tǎchá Piāngǔ)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "1.5m Chinese 'descendants of one man'". BBC. 1 November 2005. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
[edit]
Giocangga
Born: 1526 Died: 1583
Regnal titles
Preceded by Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens
1542–1571 		Succeeded by
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