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| name = Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.
| name = Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.
| logo = Enka logo.svg
| logo = Enka logo.svg
| image = ENKA Headquarters (Istanbul) 02.jpg
⚫
| type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Anonim Şirket]]
| image_caption = ENKA's headquarters in Istanbul, Turkey.
⚫
| type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Anonim Şirket]]
| industry = {{Flatlist|
| industry = {{Flatlist|
* Construction
* Construction
* energy}}
* energy}}
| fate =
| fate =
| predecessor = <!-- or: | predecessors = -->
| predecessor = <!-- or: | predecessors = -->
| successor = <!-- or: | successors = -->
| successor = <!-- or: | successors = -->
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| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = -->
| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = -->
| key_people = {{Flatlist|
| key_people = {{Flatlist|
* Mehmet Tara ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chairman]]) <ref>{{cite web |title=Profile-Person-Agah Mehmet Tara |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/18356094 |website=Bloomberg- Middle East Edition |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>
* Mehmet Tara ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
* Sinan Tara ([[Chairman]])<ref name="NYT-20031982"/>
* Sinan Tara (Advisor to the Board of Directors)
}}
}}
| revenue = {{decrease}} [[US$]]3.22 billion (2023)
| products =
| operating_income = {{Increase}} US$910.64 million (2023)
| net_income = {{Increase}} US$743.83 million (2023)
| assets = {{Increase}} US$9.40 billion (2023)
| equity = {{Increase}} US$7.42 billion (2023)
| owner = <!-- or: | owners = -->
| owner = <!-- or: | owners = -->
| num_employees = 31,237
| num_employees = 31,237
| num_employees_year = 2017
| num_employees_year = 2017
| parent =
| parent =
| website = {{URL|www.enka.com}}
| website = {{URL|www.enka.com}}
}}
}}
'''Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.''' (stylized as ENKA) is a [[Turkey|Turkish]] engineering and construction company based in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="Lib-29012017">{{cite news |title=GECOL and Turkish company Enka agree to resume work at Ubari power station |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.libyanexpress.com/gecol-and-turkish-company-enka-agree-to-resume-work-at-ubari-power-station/ |work=Libyan Express |date=29 January 2017 |accessdate=28 August 2018}}</ref> Enka provides construction and engineering services through its subsidiaries in approximately 30 countries across the world.<ref name="Hurr-30062018">{{cite news |title=Turkish business mogul Şarık Tara dies at 88 |last1=Ozgenturk |first1=Jale |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/jale-ozgenturk/turkish-business-mogul-sarik-tara-dies-at-88-133983 |work=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |date= |accessdate=5 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Nulla-5112017">{{cite news |title=Nullatech Prediction for Enka Market Trends |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.nullatech.com/2017/11/05/nullatech-prediction-enka-market-trends/ |work=Nullatech |date=5 November 2017 |accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref> As of 2017, Enka was the largest construction company in Turkey.<ref name="Nulla-5112017"/>
'''Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.''' (stylized as ENKA) is a Turkish engineering and construction company based in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="Lib-29012017">{{cite news |title=GECOL and Turkish company Enka agree to resume work at Ubari power station |url=https://www.libyanexpress.com/gecol-and-turkish-company-enka-agree-to-resume-work-at-ubari-power-station/ |work=Libyan Express |date=29 January 2017 |access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> Enka provides construction and engineering services through its subsidiaries in approximately 30 countries across the world.<ref name="Hurr-30062018">{{cite news |title=Turkish business mogul Şarık Tara dies at 88 |last1=Ozgenturk |first1=Jale |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/jale-ozgenturk/turkish-business-mogul-sarik-tara-dies-at-88-133983 |work=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Nulla-5112017">{{cite news |title=Nullatech Prediction for Enka Market Trends |url=https://www.nullatech.com/2017/11/05/nullatech-prediction-enka-market-trends/ |work=Nullatech |date=5 November 2017 |access-date=29 August 2018 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416063456/https://www.nullatech.com/2017/11/05/nullatech-prediction-enka-market-trends/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 2023, Enka was listed third among the largest construction companies in Turkey. <ref name="Nulla-5112017"/>


==Company==
==Company==
Enka is a global engineering and construction company headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey.<ref name="Lib-29012017"/> In addition to engineering and construction, its operations include [[energy storage|energy]],<ref name="Daily-28062018">{{cite news |title=Construction and energy giant ENKA's Şarık Tara dies aged 88 |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/energy/2018/06/28/construction-and-energy-giant-enkas-sarik-tara-dies-aged-88 |work=[[Daily Sabah]] |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=28 June 2018 |accessdate=5 September 2018}}</ref> [[real estate]],<ref name="WP-20071998">{{cite news |title=At Moscow Mega-Supermarket -- Speed, 'Cultured' Service |last1=LaFraniere |first1=Sharon |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-666259.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=20 July 1998 |accessdate=19 September 2018 |via=[[HighBeam Research]] |subscription=yes}}</ref> [[stock trader|trading]],<ref name="Em-19082018">{{cite news |title=Enka Construction continues to accumulate shares |last1=Özer |first1=Tuncay |url=https://www.emlakdream.com/enka-insaat-hisselerini-toplamaya-devam-ediyor/ |work=Emlak Dream |date=19 August 2018 |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> and [[manufacturing]].<ref name="NYT-20031982">{{cite news |title=Turkish Contractors Thrive on Foreign Building Projects |last1=Howe |first1=Marvine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/20/business/turkish-contractors-thrive-on-foreign-building-projects.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1982 |accessdate=September 10, 2018}}</ref> The company has been involved in the construction of [[power station|power plants]]<ref name="Lib-29012017"/>, [[airport|airports]],<ref name="NCE-24072018">{{cite news |title=Building Muscat's new airport |last1=Hansford |first1=Mark |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/tech-excellence/tech-excellence-building-muscats-new-airport/10033379.article |work=[[New Civil Engineer]] |date=24 July 2018 |accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref> [[bridge|bridges]],<ref name="NYT-20031982"/> [[pipeline|pipelines]],<ref name="NYT-20031982"/> [[Controlled-access highway|motorways]],<ref name="Mena-30102012">{{cite news |title=United Kingdom: Bechtel S Kosovo Motorway Project Wins International Award Mena Report |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-306870611.html |work=[[Mena Report]] |date=30 October 2012 |accessdate=19 September 2018 |via=HighBeam Research |subscription=yes}}</ref> [[Company Business Towers|business towers]]<ref name="MT-12102004">{{cite news |title=Moskva-City Tower Opens for Business |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-711358961.html |work=[[The Moscow Times]] |date=12 October 2004 |accessdate=19 September 2018 |via=HighBeam Research |subscription=yes}}</ref> and [[shopping mall|shopping centers]].<ref name="Daily-28062018"/> Mehmet Tara is CEO, as of 2018.<ref name="Forbes-102017">{{cite news |title=Global 2000: World's Best Employers |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/enka/ |work=Forbes |date=October 2017 |accessdate=28 August 2018}}</ref> As of May 2017, Enka employed 31,237 people.<ref name="Forbes-102017"/> Enka is publically traded in [[Borsa]], Istanbul (BIST).<ref name="Nulla-5112017"/>
Enka is a global engineering and construction company headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey.<ref name="Lib-29012017"/> In addition to engineering and construction, its operations include [[energy storage|energy]],<ref name="Daily-28062018">{{cite news |title=Construction and energy giant ENKA's Şarık Tara dies aged 88 |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/energy/2018/06/28/construction-and-energy-giant-enkas-sarik-tara-dies-aged-88 |work=[[Daily Sabah]] |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=28 June 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> [[real estate]],<ref name="WP-20071998">{{cite news |title=At Moscow Mega-Supermarket – Speed, 'Cultured' Service |last1=LaFraniere |first1=Sharon |url= |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=20 July 1998 <!-- |access-date=19 September 2018--> |url-access= }}</ref> [[stock trader|trading]],<ref name="Em-19082018">{{cite news |title=Enka Construction continues to accumulate shares |last1=Özer |first1=Tuncay |url=https://www.emlakdream.com/enka-insaat-hisselerini-toplamaya-devam-ediyor/ |work=Emlak Dream |date=19 August 2018 |access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref> and [[manufacturing]].<ref name="NYT-20031982">{{cite news |title=Turkish Contractors Thrive on Foreign Building Projects |last1=Howe |first1=Marvine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/20/business/turkish-contractors-thrive-on-foreign-building-projects.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1982 |access-date=September 10, 2018}}</ref> The company has been involved in the construction of [[power station|power plants]],<ref name="Lib-29012017"/> [[airport]]s,<ref name="NCE-24072018">{{cite news |title=Building Muscat's new airport |last1=Hansford |first1=Mark |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/tech-excellence/tech-excellence-building-muscats-new-airport/10033379.article |work=[[New Civil Engineer]] |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=10 September 2018}}</ref> [[bridge]]s,<ref name="NYT-20031982"/> [[pipeline transport|pipelines]],<ref name="NYT-20031982"/> [[Controlled-access highway|motorways]],<ref name="Mena-30102012">{{cite news |title=United Kingdom: Bechtel S Kosovo Motorway Project Wins International Award Mena Report |url=|work=[[Mena Report]] |date=30 October 2012 |url-access= }}</ref> [[Company Business Towers|business towers]]<ref name="MT-12102004">{{cite news |title=Moskva-City Tower Opens for Business |url= |work=[[The Moscow Times]] |date=12 October 2004 |url-access= }}</ref> and [[shopping mall|shopping centers]].<ref name="Daily-28062018"/> Mehmet Tara is president and chairman of the board, as of 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=ENKA Leadership |url=https://www.enka.com/about-us/leadership/ |website=ENKA İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> As of May 2017, Enka employed 31,237 people.<ref name="ENKA Company Overview & News">{{cite web |title=ENKA Company Overview & News |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/enka/?sh=43640fa77c33 |website=Forbes |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> Enka is publicly traded in [[Borsa Istanbul|Borsa]], Istanbul (BIST).<ref name="Nulla-5112017"/>


Enka has employed approximately 200,000 people in its projects abroad.<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/> The company has carried out around 500 projects in more than 30 countries including [[Albania]], [[Algeria]], [[Cameroon]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Libya]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Nepal]], [[Oman]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Tajikistan]], and [[Ukraine]].<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/>
Enka has employed approximately 200,000 people in its projects abroad.<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/> The company has carried out around 500 projects in more than 30 countries including [[Albania]], [[Algeria]], [[Cameroon]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Libya]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Nepal]], [[Oman]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Tajikistan]], and [[Ukraine]].<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/>


Enka was listed at #270 on ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} "[[Forbes Global 2000|Global 2000]]: World's Best Employers" in 2017.<ref name="Forbes-102017"/>
Enka was listed at #270 on ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} "[[Forbes Global 2000|Global 2000]]: World's Best Employers" in 2017.<ref name="ENKA Company Overview & News"/>


==History==
==History==
Enka was founded in 1957 in Istanbul, Turkey, by 27-year old [[Şarık Tara]] and his brother-in-law, [[Sadi Gülçelik]].<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/> Tara and Gülçelik chose Enka as the name of the company from the first syllable of two words, "enişte" and "kayınbirader" meaning "brother-in-law".<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/> Gülçelik died in 1980 in a Saudi Arabian airplane crash and Tara became the sole proprietor.<ref name="NYT-20031982"/> Around the same time, Enka began acquiring larger scale projects, increasing their rank as one of the top 250 international contractors.<ref name="NYT-20031982"/>
Enka was founded in 1957 in Istanbul, Turkey, by 27-year-old [[Şarık Tara]] and his brother-in-law, [[Sadi Gülçelik]].<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/> Tara and Gülçelik chose Enka as the name of the company from the first syllable of two words, "enişte" and "kayınbirader" meaning "brother-in-law".<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/> Gülçelik died in 1980 in a Saudi Arabian airplane crash and Tara became the sole proprietor.<ref name="NYT-20031982"/> Around the same time, Enka began acquiring larger scale projects, increasing their rank as one of the top 250 international contractors.<ref name="NYT-20031982"/>


In 1972, the company established Enka Pazarlama, a sales-focused subsidiary for several earthmoving equipment and construction machinery brands.<ref name="Milliyet-1983">{{cite news |title=60 Years in Economy |last1= |first1= |url=http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/Arsiv/1983/11/02 |work=[[Milliyet]] |date=2 November 1983 |accessdate=6 November 2018}}</ref> The following year, Enka founded Cimtas, one of the company's fully-owned subsidiaries.<ref name="Pipeline 2017">{{cite news |title=Cimtas turns heads with integrated piping solutions at ADIPEC |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.pipelineoilandgasnews.com/adipec-news/2017/december/cimtas-turns-heads-with-integrated-piping-solutions-at-adipec/ |work=Pipeline Oil and Gas Magazine |date=17 December 2017 |accessdate=5 October 2018}}</ref> The company expanded internationally during the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Daily-28062018"/>
In 1972, the company established Enka Pazarlama, a sales-focused subsidiary for several earthmoving equipment and construction machinery brands.<ref name="Milliyet-1983">{{cite news |title=60 Years in Economy |url=http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/Arsiv/1983/11/02 |work=[[Milliyet]] |date=2 November 1983 |access-date=6 November 2018}}</ref> The following year, Enka founded Cimtas, one of the company's fully owned subsidiaries.<ref name="Pipeline 2017">{{cite news |title=Cimtas turns heads with integrated piping solutions at ADIPEC |url=https://www.pipelineoilandgasnews.com/adipec-news/2017/december/cimtas-turns-heads-with-integrated-piping-solutions-at-adipec/ |work=Pipeline Oil and Gas Magazine |date=17 December 2017 |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> The company expanded internationally during the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Daily-28062018"/>


Sarik Tara passed the company to his son, Sinan Tara, in 1984.<ref name="Nulla-5112017"/> Sarik was 56 years old, and Sinan wanted to preserve Enka's tradition of having young leaders.<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/> Sarık Tara's grandson, Mehmet Tara, became CEO at age 29.<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/><ref name="Forbes-102017"/>
Sarik Tara passed the company to his son, Sinan Tara, in 1984.<ref name="Nulla-5112017"/> Sarik was 56 years old, and Sinan wanted to preserve Enka's tradition of having young leaders.<ref name="Hurr-30062018"/> Sarık Tara's grandson, Mehmet Tara, became CEO at age 29.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile-Person-Mehmet Sinan Tara |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/mehmet-sinan-tara/?sh=6689942e5d31 |website=Forbes |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>


The Enka Moscow office opened in 1987.<ref name="Tara-Book3">{{cite book |title=Şarık Tara in His Own Words |first=Çigdem |last=Tüzün |year=2016 |publisher=NMC Televizyon ve Reklamcilik Tic. A.S. |location=Istanbul |isbn=978-605-66205-3-9 |page=195 |url=http://www.marymartin.com/web/selectedIndex?mEntry=239090 |accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref> After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Enka delivered goods and services, ultimately building a strong business relationship with Russia.<ref name="Daily-28062018"/> The company collaborated with the Moscow city government in 1995 to build the MosEnka development.<ref name="Moscow-1995">{{cite news |title=Taganka: Down and Out to Up and Coming |last1=Kennett |first1=Jim |url=http://old.themoscowtimes.com/sitemap/free/1995/8/article/taganka-down-and-out-to-up-and-coming/335629.html |work=The Moscow Times |date=22 August 1995 |accessdate=5 October 2018}}</ref> In the mid 1990s, Enka built a second investment company, Moskva Krasnye Holmy, building offices, shopping centers, and recreation facilities across Russia.<ref name="Beyond Borders-Book">{{cite book |title=Şarık Tara Beyond Borders |first=Çigdem |last=Tüzün |authorlink= |year=2014 |publisher=Pasifik Ofset Ltd. |location=Istanbul |page=179}}</ref>
The Enka Moscow office opened in 1987.<ref name="Tara-Book3">{{cite book |title=Şarık Tara in His Own Words |first=Çigdem |last=Tüzün |year=2016 |publisher=NMC Televizyon ve Reklamcilik Tic. A.S. |location=Istanbul |isbn=978-605-66205-3-9 |page=195 |url=http://www.marymartin.com/web/selectedIndex?mEntry=239090 |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref> After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Enka delivered goods and services, ultimately building a strong business relationship with Russia.<ref name="Daily-28062018"/> The company collaborated with the Moscow city government in 1995 to build the MosEnka development.<ref name="Moscow-1995">{{cite news |title=Taganka: Down and Out to Up and Coming |last1=Kennett |first1=Jim |url=http://old.themoscowtimes.com/sitemap/free/1995/8/article/taganka-down-and-out-to-up-and-coming/335629.html |work=The Moscow Times |date=22 August 1995 |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> In the mid-1990s, Enka built a second investment company, Moskva Krasnye Holmy, building offices, shopping centers, and recreation facilities across Russia.<ref name="Beyond Borders-Book">{{cite book |title=Şarık Tara Beyond Borders |first=Çigdem |last=Tüzün |year=2014 |publisher=Pasifik Ofset Ltd. |location=Istanbul |page=179}}</ref>


In 1997, Enka and the Turkish company Migros founded RamEnka in a joint venture, building shopping centers across Russia.<ref name="Reut-11092007">{{cite news |title=UPDATE 1-Turkey's Migros sells Enka its 50 pct Ramenka stake |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL1117891020070911 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=11 September 2007 |accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref> Enka acquired all of RamEnka stock when Migros sold their half of the company in 2007.<ref name="Reut-11092007"/> Enka had built 10 shopping malls in Russia by 2000.<ref name="IPR-13122001">{{cite news |title=Turkey: ENKA Planning New Mall Project in Russia |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-80770399.html |work=Info-Prod Research (Middle East) |date=13 December 2001 |accessdate=10 September 2018 |via=HighBeam Research |subscription=yes}}</ref> The company has been regarded as one of the main providers of construction services in the Russian market since the 1990s.<ref name="ekon-11012016">{{cite news |title=Sharyk Tara: "I consider the high degree of tension between Russia and Turkey to be a misfortune" |last1= |first1= |url=http://vestnikkavkaza.net/articles/Sharyk-Tara-I-consider-the-high-degree-of-tension-between-Russia-and-Turkey-to-be-a-misfortune.html |work=[[Ekonomist (Turkey)|Ekonomist]] |date=11 January 2016 |accessdate=20 September 2018}}</ref>
In 1997, Enka and the Turkish company Migros founded RamEnka in a joint venture, building shopping centers across Russia.<ref name="Reut-11092007">{{cite news |title=UPDATE 1-Turkey's Migros sells Enka its 50 pct Ramenka stake |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL1117891020070911 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=11 September 2007 |access-date=10 September 2018}}</ref> Enka acquired all of RamEnka stock when Migros sold their half of the company in 2007.<ref name="Reut-11092007"/> Enka had built 10 shopping malls in Russia by 2000.<ref name="IPR-13122001">{{cite news |title=Turkey: ENKA Planning New Mall Project in Russia |url=|work=Info-Prod Research (Middle East) |date=13 December 2001}}</ref> The company has been regarded as one of the main providers of construction services in the Russian market since the 1990s.<ref name="ekon-11012016">{{cite news |title=Sharyk Tara: "I consider the high degree of tension between Russia and Turkey to be a misfortune" |url=http://vestnikkavkaza.net/articles/Sharyk-Tara-I-consider-the-high-degree-of-tension-between-Russia-and-Turkey-to-be-a-misfortune.html |work=[[Ekonomist (Turkey)|Ekonomist]] |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref>


==Projects==
==Projects==
Enka's earliest projects include the İstinye Highway Bridge and the Babaeski-Kuleli road construction in Istanbul.<ref name="Milliyet-2018">{{cite news |title=Sarık Tara lost his life|last1= |first1= |url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/sarik-tara-hayatini-kaybetti-ekonomi-2697159/ |page=3 |work=Milliyet |date=28 June 2018 |accessdate=6 November 2018}}</ref> In the early 1970s, Enka, in a partnership with German company Wayss and Freytag, built the Ortaköy viaducts and the [[Bosphorus Bridge]].<ref name="Milliyet-2018"/> Enka continued to expand internationally in the 1980s with the award of the 1981 housing development contract in Al Medinah, Saudi Arabia, in a joint venture with the company Kutlutas.<ref name="Milliyet-Nov1981">{{cite news |title=Kutlutaş and ENKA win TL52 billion contract in Saudi Arabia |last1= |first1= |url= |page=4 |work=Milliyet |date=24 November 1981}}</ref>
Enka's earliest projects include the İstinye Highway Bridge and the Babaeski-Kuleli road construction in Istanbul.<ref name="Milliyet-2018">{{cite news |title=Sarık Tara lost his life|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/sarik-tara-hayatini-kaybetti-ekonomi-2697159/ |page=3 |work=Milliyet |date=28 June 2018 |access-date=6 November 2018}}</ref> In the early 1970s, Enka, in a partnership with German company Wayss and Freytag, built the Ortaköy viaducts and the [[Bosphorus Bridge]].<ref name="Milliyet-2018"/> Enka continued to expand internationally in the 1980s with the award of the 1981 housing development contract in Al Medinah, Saudi Arabia, in a joint venture with the company Kutlutas.<ref name="Milliyet-Nov1981">{{cite news |title=Kutlutaş and ENKA win TL52 billion contract in Saudi Arabia |page=4 |work=Milliyet |date=24 November 1981}}</ref>


Throughout the early 1980s, Enka worked on different kinds of projects in the Middle East, such as water treatment facilities and cement plants.<ref name="Cumhuriyet-29051982">{{cite news |title=Three new contracts worth USD 171 million awarded to Enka in Saudi Arabia |last1= |first1= |url= |work=[[Cumhuriyet]] |issue=20769 |page=6|date=29 May 1982}}</ref><ref name="Cumhuriyet-24041983">{{cite news |title=Turkish companies paint the desert green in Iraq |last1=Yasin |first1=Mehmet |work=Cumhuriyet |date=24 April 1983}}</ref> During this time, Enka built Turkey's first natural gas power plant, the Trakya Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant.<ref name="Cumhuriyet-20121984">{{cite news |title=First-ever Natural Gas Plant to be built in Thrace |last1= |first1= |work=Cumhuriyet |issue=21665 |page=12 |date=20 December 1984}}</ref> In 1984, Enka, in collaboration with Toyo, completed the construction of the [[Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline|Iraq-Turkey Crude Oil Pipeline Expansion project]].<ref name="Cumhuriyet-09081984">{{cite news |title=State Minister İsmail Özdağlar: the Government avoids new investments |last1= |first1= |work=Cumhuriyet |issue=21535 |page=9 |date=9 August 1984}}</ref>
Throughout the early 1980s, Enka worked on different kinds of projects in the Middle East, such as water treatment facilities and cement plants.<ref name="Cumhuriyet-29051982">{{cite news |title=Three new contracts worth USD 171 million awarded to Enka in Saudi Arabia |work=[[Cumhuriyet]] |issue=20769 |page=6|date=29 May 1982}}</ref><ref name="Cumhuriyet-24041983">{{cite news |title=Turkish companies paint the desert green in Iraq |last1=Yasin |first1=Mehmet |work=Cumhuriyet |date=24 April 1983}}</ref> During this time, Enka built Turkey's first natural gas power plant, the Trakya Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant.<ref name="Cumhuriyet-20121984">{{cite news |title=First-ever Natural Gas Plant to be built in Thrace |work=Cumhuriyet |issue=21665 |page=12 |date=20 December 1984}}</ref> In 1984, Enka, in collaboration with Toyo, completed the construction of the [[Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline|Iraq-Turkey Crude Oil Pipeline Expansion project]].<ref name="Cumhuriyet-09081984">{{cite news |title=State Minister İsmail Özdağlar: the Government avoids new investments |work=Cumhuriyet |issue=21535 |page=9 |date=9 August 1984}}</ref>


Enka undertook various construction projects in the late 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, including the [[Bekhme Dam]] in Iraq,<ref name="Cumhuriyet-30111986">{{cite news |title=Bekhme Dam Awarded to ENKA |last1= |first1= |work=Cumhiriyet |issue=22304 |page=8 |date=30 September 1986}}</ref> the [[Petrovsky Passage]] in Russia,<ref name="Structural Repair">{{cite book |title=Structural Repair and Maintenance of Historical Buildings II|last1=Brebbia |first1=C.A. |last2=Dominguez |first2=J. |last3=Escrig |first3=F. |year=1991 |publisher=Computational Mechanics Publications |location=Istanbul |isbn=978-1562520793 |pages=321-340}}</ref> and the Ankara-Gerede Motorway, in a partnership with [[Bechtel]]. Around this time, Enka was also responsible for the construction for the Russian Federation Government House, known as the "[[White House (Moscow)|White House]]".<ref name="Milliyet-27061994">{{cite news |title=ENKA wins giant tender in Russia |last1= |first1= |work=Milliyet |page=5 |date=27 June 1994}}</ref>
Enka undertook various construction projects in the late 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, including the [[Bekhme Dam]] in Iraq,<ref name="Cumhuriyet-30111986">{{cite news |title=Bekhme Dam Awarded to ENKA |work=Cumhiriyet |issue=22304 |page=8 |date=30 September 1986}}</ref> the [[Petrovsky Passage]] in Russia,<ref name="Structural Repair">{{cite book |title=Structural Repair and Maintenance of Historical Buildings II|last1=Brebbia |first1=C.A. |last2=Dominguez |first2=J. |last3=Escrig |first3=F. |year=1991 |publisher=Computational Mechanics Publications |location=Istanbul |isbn=978-1562520793 |pages=321–340}}</ref> and the Ankara-Gerede Motorway, in a partnership with [[Bechtel]]. Around this time, Enka was also responsible for the construction of the Russian Federation Government House, known as the "[[White House (Moscow)|White House]]".<ref name="Milliyet-27061994">{{cite news |title=ENKA wins giant tender in Russia |work=Milliyet |page=5 |date=27 June 1994}}</ref>


Enka entered another joint venture with Bechtel in 1993 with the [[Tengiz Field|Tengiz Oil Field]] project in western [[Kazakhstan]].<ref name="JOC-23071997">{{cite news |title=Bechtel gets $250 million project to expand Kazakstan oilfield by 30 percent |last1=Ewing |first1=Jonathan |url=https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/bechtel-gets-250-million-project-expand-kazakstan-oilfield-30-percent_19970722.html |work=[[The Journal of Commerce]] |date=23 July 1997 |accessdate=20 September 2018}}</ref> In 1997, Enka and Bechtel were awarded the rights to build and operate the [[Gebze]], [[Adapazarı]], and [[Izmir]] power plants.<ref name="Enerji-2018">{{cite news |title=Founded the Largest Natural Gas Power Plants in Turkey |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.enerjiekonomisi.com/turkiye-nin-en-buyuk-dogalgaz-santrallerini-kurdu/2281/ |work=Enerji Ekonomisi |date=29 June 2018 |accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref> Both companies began work on the Bregana-Zagreb-Dubrovnik Motorway in Croatia in 1998.<ref name="Hurriyet-21101998">{{cite news |title=ENKA to build motorway in Croatia |last1= |first1= |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/enka-hirvatistanda-otoyol-yapacak-39043911 |work=[[Hürriyet]] |date=21 October 1998 |accessdate=19 November 2018}}</ref> The Gebze and Adapazarı Plants were completed in 2002 and the İzmir Plant, in 2003. All three power plants are still in use, as of 2018.<ref name="Enerji-2018"/> Enka signed a contract in 2001 for work constructing an artificial island for the development of the [[Kashagan Field|Kashagan Oil Field]], which is the largest oil field discovered in Kazakhstan in the last 30 years.<ref name="hurriyet-2001">{{cite news |title=$75 million Project from Enka |last1= |first1= |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/enkadan-75-milyon-dolarlik-proje-39233010 |work=Hürriyet |date=20 March 2001 |accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref>
Enka entered another joint venture with Bechtel in 1993 with the [[Tengiz Field|Tengiz Oil Field]] project in western [[Kazakhstan]].<ref name="JOC-23071997">{{cite news |title=Bechtel gets $250 million project to expand Kazakstan oilfield by 30 percent |last1=Ewing |first1=Jonathan |url=https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/bechtel-gets-250-million-project-expand-kazakstan-oilfield-30-percent_19970722.html |work=[[The Journal of Commerce]] |date=23 July 1997 |access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref> In 1997, Enka and Bechtel were awarded the rights to build and operate the [[Gebze]], [[Adapazarı]], and [[İzmir gas power plant|Izmir gas power plants]].<ref name="Enerji-2018">{{cite news |title=Founded the Largest Natural Gas Power Plants in Turkey |url=https://www.enerjiekonomisi.com/turkiye-nin-en-buyuk-dogalgaz-santrallerini-kurdu/2281/ |work=Enerji Ekonomisi |date=29 June 2018 |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref> Both companies began work on the Bregana-Zagreb-Dubrovnik Motorway in Croatia in 1998.<ref name="Hurriyet-21101998">{{cite news |title=ENKA to build motorway in Croatia |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/enka-hirvatistanda-otoyol-yapacak-39043911 |work=[[Hürriyet]] |date=21 October 1998 |access-date=19 November 2018}}</ref> The Gebze and Adapazarı Plants were completed in 2002 and the İzmir Plant, in 2003. All three power plants are still in use, as of 2018.<ref name="Enerji-2018"/> Enka signed a contract in 2001 for work constructing an artificial island for the development of the [[Kashagan Field|Kashagan Oil Field]], which is the largest oil field discovered in Kazakhstan in the last 30 years.<ref name="hurriyet-2001">{{cite news |title=$75 million Project from Enka |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/enkadan-75-milyon-dolarlik-proje-39233010 |work=Hürriyet |date=20 March 2001 |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref>


Enka began construction of the Sakhalin II Onshore Processing Facility Project in [[Sakhalin|Sakhalin Island]], Russia, in a collaborative project with Tekhnostroieksport and Bechtel, in 2003.<ref name="Pravada-2003">{{cite news |title=Russian company secures order from Sakhalin-2 |last1= |first1= |url=http://www.pravdareport.com/news/russia/27-06-2003/51387-0 |work=[[Pravda.ru]] |date=27 June 2003 |accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref> In November of the same year, Enka worked with Tekhnostroieksport on the construction of the Sakhalin I De-Kastri Oil Export Terminal.<ref name="Prima-2006">{{cite news |title=Oil export system commissioned as part of the Sakhalin-1 project |last1= |first1= |url=https://primamedia.ru/news/20521/ |work=Prima Media |date=11 September 2006 |accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref> In 2004, Enka and Bechtel began work on the Transylvanian Motorway in Romania, the biggest infrastructure project in Europe.<ref name="WH-012009">{{cite news |title=Transylvania Motorway: route to prosperity |last1= |first1= |url=http://www.worldhighways.com/sections/eurofile/products/transylvania-motorway-route-to-prosperity/ |work=World Highways |date=January 2009 |accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref> The project concluded in 2013.<ref name="WH-012009"/> The companies also worked together in 2007 to build Albania's first two-bore tunnel in a highway connecting Kosovo and Albania.<ref name="Reuters-2007">{{cite news |title=Highway set to bring Albania and Kosovo closer |last1=Koleka |first1=Benet |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-albania-kosovo-link/highway-set-to-bring-albania-and-kosovo-closer-idUSL261003820070628?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 |publisher=Reuters |date=28 June 2007 |accessdate=20 November 2018}}</ref>
Enka began construction of the Sakhalin II Onshore Processing Facility Project in [[Sakhalin|Sakhalin Island]], Russia, in a collaborative project with Tekhnostroieksport and Bechtel, in 2003.<ref name="Pravada-2003">{{cite news |title=Russian company secures order from Sakhalin-2 |url=http://www.pravdareport.com/news/russia/27-06-2003/51387-0 |work=[[Pravda.ru]] |date=27 June 2003 |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> In November of the same year, Enka worked with Tekhnostroieksport on the construction of the Sakhalin I De-Kastri Oil Export Terminal.<ref name="Prima-2006">{{cite news |title=Oil export system commissioned as part of the Sakhalin-1 project |url=https://primamedia.ru/news/20521/ |work=Prima Media |date=11 September 2006 |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> In 2004, Enka and Bechtel began work on the Transylvanian Motorway in Romania, the biggest infrastructure project in Europe.<ref name="WH-012009">{{cite news |title=Transylvania Motorway: route to prosperity |url=http://www.worldhighways.com/sections/eurofile/products/transylvania-motorway-route-to-prosperity/ |work=World Highways |date=January 2009 |access-date=24 September 2018}}</ref> The project concluded in 2013.<ref name="WH-012009"/> The companies also worked together in 2007 to build [[Albania-Kosovo Highway|Albania's first two-bore tunnel]] in a highway connecting Kosovo and Albania.<ref name="Reuters-2007">{{cite news |title=Highway set to bring Albania and Kosovo closer |last1=Koleka |first1=Benet |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-albania-kosovo-link/highway-set-to-bring-albania-and-kosovo-closer-idUSL261003820070628?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 |publisher=Reuters |date=28 June 2007 |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref>


Enka finished construction on the Donbass Arena, in Donetsk, Ukraine, in 2009.<ref name="Tribun-5062012">{{cite news |title=Donbass Arena Stadium: Stay Warm in Winter |last1= |first1= |url=http://www.tribunnews.com/euro-2012/2012/06/05/stadion-donbas-arena-tetap-hangat-di-musim-dingin |work=Tribun News |date=5 June 2012 |accessdate=25 September 2018}}</ref> In April 2010, the Enka-Bechtel partnership was awarded a contract for the construction of the 78 kilometre Route 7 four-lane motorway from Morine to the north of Pristina in Kosovo, and finished a year ahead of schedule in November 2013.<ref name="WH-10292015">{{cite news |title=Bechtel Enka opens first section of Pristina-Skopje motorway |last1= |first1= |url=http://www.worldhighways.com/categories/auctions-equipment-supply-servicing-finance/news/bechtel-enka-opens-first-section-of-pristina-skopje-motorway/ |work=World Highways |date=29 October 2015 |accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref> In approximately 2011, Enka signed on a joint venture, BEB Consortium, with Bechtel and Jeff Brighton of Bahwan, on the redesign of the Muscat International Airport in Oman. This is one of the largest projects in the history of Oman.<ref name="NCE-24072018"/>
Enka finished construction on the Donbass Arena, in Donetsk, Ukraine, in 2009.<ref name="Tribun-5062012">{{cite news |title=Donbass Arena Stadium: Stay Warm in Winter |url=http://www.tribunnews.com/euro-2012/2012/06/05/stadion-donbas-arena-tetap-hangat-di-musim-dingin |work=Tribun News |date=5 June 2012 |access-date=25 September 2018}}</ref> In April 2010, the Enka-Bechtel partnership was awarded a contract for the construction of the 78 kilometre Route 7 four-lane motorway from Morine to the north of Pristina in Kosovo, and finished a year ahead of schedule in November 2013.<ref name="WH-10292015">{{cite news |title=Bechtel Enka opens first section of Pristina-Skopje motorway |url=http://www.worldhighways.com/categories/auctions-equipment-supply-servicing-finance/news/bechtel-enka-opens-first-section-of-pristina-skopje-motorway/ |work=World Highways |date=29 October 2015 |access-date=24 September 2018}}</ref> In approximately 2011, Enka signed on a joint venture, BEB Consortium, with Bechtel and Jeff Brighton of Bahwan, on the redesign of the Muscat International Airport in Oman. This is one of the largest projects in the history of Oman.<ref name="NCE-24072018"/>


Enka was awarded an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract to convert the Erbil Independent Power Project from simple-cycle to combined-cycle technology and began work in summer 2012.<ref name="Meed-2011">{{cite news |title=Enka to convert Kurdistan power project to combined cycle |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.meed.com/enka-to-convert-kurdistan-power-project-to-combined-cycle/ |work=Middle East Business Intelligence |date=27 December 2011 |accessdate=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="ENR-11102017">{{cite news |title=Project of the Year & Best Power/Industrial - Sulaymaniyah 1,500 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant |last1=Wright |first1=Andrew G. |url=https://www.enr.com/articles/43022-project-of-the-year-best-powerindustrial---sulaymaniyah-1500-mw-combined-cycle-power-plant |work=[[Engineering News-Record]] |date=11 October 2017 |accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref> Around the same time, Enka began construction of the third generator unit at the [[Beryozovskaya GRES|Berezovskaya]] power plant in Sharypovsky, Russia. The structural design of this project is comparable to the first two generators at the Berezovskaya power plant, but features an upgrade to increase efficiency and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.<ref name="Krasnoyarsk-2013">{{cite news |title=A huge furnace to be started up at Berezovskaya TPP |last1=Kovalchuk |first1=Natalya |url=https://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=1144781 |work=Krasnoyarsk |date=22 October 2013 |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
Enka was awarded an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract to convert the Erbil Independent Power Project from simple-cycle to combined-cycle technology and began work in summer 2012.<ref name="Meed-2011">{{cite news |title=Enka to convert Kurdistan power project to combined cycle |url=https://www.meed.com/enka-to-convert-kurdistan-power-project-to-combined-cycle/ |work=Middle East Business Intelligence |date=27 December 2011 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="ENR-11102017">{{cite news |title=Project of the Year & Best Power/Industrial - Sulaymaniyah 1,500 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant |last1=Wright |first1=Andrew G. |url=https://www.enr.com/articles/43022-project-of-the-year-best-powerindustrial---sulaymaniyah-1500-mw-combined-cycle-power-plant |work=[[Engineering News-Record]] |date=11 October 2017 |access-date=24 September 2018}}</ref> Around the same time, Enka began construction of the third generator unit at the [[Beryozovskaya GRES|Berezovskaya]] power plant in Sharypovsky, Russia. The structural design of this project is comparable to the first two generators at the Berezovskaya power plant, but features an upgrade to increase efficiency and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.<ref name="Krasnoyarsk-2013">{{cite news |title=A huge furnace to be started up at Berezovskaya TPP |last1=Kovalchuk |first1=Natalya |url=https://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=1144781 |work=Krasnoyarsk |date=22 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref>
Enka was the lead contractor for the engineering, procurement and construction of the Sulaymaniyah 1,500 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant Project in Iraq that began in 2013.<ref name="ENR-11102017"/>
Enka was the lead contractor for the engineering, procurement and construction of the Sulaymaniyah 1,500 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant Project in Iraq that began in 2013.<ref name="ENR-11102017"/>


Enka and Bechtel also worked together to build a 60-kilometer motorway linking Pristina to Skopje, starting in June 2014.<ref name="WH-10292015">{{cite news |title=Bechtel Enka opens first section of Pristina-Skopje motorway |last1= |first1= |url=http://www.worldhighways.com/categories/auctions-equipment-supply-servicing-finance/news/bechtel-enka-opens-first-section-of-pristina-skopje-motorway/ |work=World Highways |date=29 October 2015 |accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref> The Enka-Bechtel joint venture also signed a contract for the [[South Caucasus Pipeline]] Expansion Project in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], in October of the same year.<ref name="AGC-2017">{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan Shah Deniz ready for 87% |last1=Medici |first1=Luigi |url=https://www.agcnews.eu/azerbaijan-shah-deniz-pronto-all87/ |work=AGC News |date=8 February 2017 |accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref> Enka developed Kuntsevo Plaza during 2015–2016.<ref name="Euro-10042017">{{cite news |title=Polish design for Russian cinema |last1=Pakulniewicz |first1=Anna |url=http://english.eurobuildcee.com/?page=news&id=20917 |work=Eurobuild Central & Eastern Europe |date=10 April 2017 |accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref> Around the same time, the company started work on the Kashirskaya Shopping Center investment project.<ref name="ACR-8082017">{{cite news |title=Enka Kashirskaya Multi-functional Trade Centre in Moscow |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.across-magazine.com/skanska-launch-construction-works-poznan-urban-renewal-project/ |work=Across Magazine |date=8 August 2017 |accessdate=September 24, 2018}}</ref>
Enka and Bechtel also worked together to build a 60-kilometer motorway linking Pristina to Skopje, starting in June 2014.<ref name="WH-10292015"/> The Enka-Bechtel joint venture also signed a contract for the [[South Caucasus Pipeline]] Expansion Project in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], in October of the same year.<ref name="AGC-2017">{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan Shah Deniz ready for 87% |last1=Medici |first1=Luigi |url=https://www.agcnews.eu/azerbaijan-shah-deniz-pronto-all87/ |work=AGC News |date=8 February 2017 |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref> Enka developed Kuntsevo Plaza during 2015–2016.<ref name="Euro-10042017">{{cite news |title=Polish design for Russian cinema |last1=Pakulniewicz |first1=Anna |url=http://english.eurobuildcee.com/?page=news&id=20917 |work=Eurobuild Central & Eastern Europe |date=10 April 2017 |access-date=24 September 2018}}</ref> Around the same time, the company started work on the Kashirskaya Shopping Center investment project.<ref name="ACR-8082017">{{cite news |title=Enka Kashirskaya Multi-functional Trade Centre in Moscow |url=https://www.across-magazine.com/skanska-launch-construction-works-poznan-urban-renewal-project/ |work=Across Magazine |date=8 August 2017 |access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref>


Enka signed on to build the [[Bismayah New City|Bismayah]] power plant in [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]], supplying approximately 5 million homes with power.<ref name="Construction-2015">{{cite news |title=Iraq gas plant to use General Electric turbines |last1=Zendera |first1=Yamurai |url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-35834-iraq-gas-plant-to-use-general-electric-turbines/ |work=Construction Week Online |date=15 October 2015 |accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref> In November 2017, four Enka employees were kidnapped in [[Benghazi]] while traveling from the airport to the power plant in [[Ubari]], Libya.<ref name="Reut-3112017">{{cite news |title=Four foreigners working at power plant kidnapped in Libya, official says |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-security/four-foreigners-working-at-power-plant-kidnapped-in-libya-official-says-idUSL8N1N95X7 |publisher=Reuters |date=3 November 2017 |accessdate=28 August 2018}}</ref> Employees were met with security issues and work was paused from late January 2018 to the end of February 2018.<ref name="Reut-3112017"/><ref name="Lib-29012017"/>
Enka signed on to build the [[Bismayah New City|Bismayah]] power plant in [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]], supplying approximately 5 million homes with power.<ref name="Construction-2015">{{cite news |title=Iraq gas plant to use General Electric turbines |last1=Zendera |first1=Yamurai |url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-35834-iraq-gas-plant-to-use-general-electric-turbines/ |work=Construction Week Online |date=15 October 2015 |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref> In November 2017, four Enka employees were kidnapped in [[Benghazi]] while traveling from the airport to the power plant in [[Ubari]], Libya.<ref name="Reut-3112017">{{cite news |title=Four foreigners working at power plant kidnapped in Libya, official says |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-security/four-foreigners-working-at-power-plant-kidnapped-in-libya-official-says-idUSL8N1N95X7 |publisher=Reuters |date=3 November 2017 |access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> Employees were met with security issues and work was paused from late January 2018 to the end of February 2018.<ref name="Reut-3112017"/><ref name="Lib-29012017"/>


Enka collaborated with Siemen's to build the 495 MW power plant for Nizhnekamskneftekhim, a subsidiary of Taif Group, in Tatarstan, Russia, in late 2017.<ref name="Tass-18122017">{{cite news |title=Siemens, Enka to build 495 MW power plant in Russia's Tatarstan |last1= |first1= |url=http://tass.com/economy/981714 |work=Tass |date=18 December 2017 |accessdate=September 24, 2018}}</ref> Commercial operation is set to begin May 2021.<ref name="PWR-22122017">{{cite news |title=Siemens wins contract for Tatarstan combined-cycle plant |last1=Bayar |first1=Tildy |url=https://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2017/12/siemens-wins-contract-for-tatarstan-combined-cycle-plant.html |work=Power Engineering International |date= |accessdate=5 September 2018}}</ref>
Enka collaborated with Siemen's to build the 495 MW power plant for Nizhnekamskneftekhim, a subsidiary of Taif Group, in Tatarstan, Russia, in late 2017.<ref name="Tass-18122017">{{cite news |title=Siemens, Enka to build 495 MW power plant in Russia's Tatarstan |url=http://tass.com/economy/981714 |work=Tass |date=18 December 2017 |access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref> Commercial operation is set to begin May 2021.<ref name="PWR-22122017">{{cite news |title=Siemens wins contract for Tatarstan combined-cycle plant |last1=Bayar |first1=Tildy |url=https://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2017/12/siemens-wins-contract-for-tatarstan-combined-cycle-plant.html |work=Power Engineering International |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref>


In mid 2018, Enka began construction of the quay wall for the Basra Multi-purpose Terminal, the largest multi-purpose port facility in Iraq.<ref name="Iraq-Business-2018">{{cite news |title=New Investment at Umm Qasr Port |last1= |first1= |url=http://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2018/06/06/new-investment-at-umm-qasr-port/ |work=Iraq Business News |date=6 June 2018 |accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref>
In mid-2018, Enka began construction of the quay wall for the Basra Multi-purpose Terminal, the largest multipurpose port facility in Iraq.<ref name="Iraq-Business-2018">{{cite news |title=New Investment at Umm Qasr Port |url=http://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2018/06/06/new-investment-at-umm-qasr-port/ |work=Iraq Business News |date=6 June 2018 |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref>

Enka in a partnership with Bechtel, signed a contract for the design and construction of Morava Corridor Motorway in Serbia in December 2019. The project with a total length of 112 kilometers will be completed by the end of the 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Material Event Disclosure |url=https://www.kap.org.tr/en/Bildirim/801980 |website=KAP Public Disclosure Platform |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>

In late 2019, Enka began work on the High-Technological Multifunctional Medical Complex (HMMC) Project in [[St. Petersburg, Russia]]. Construction and design works include a main hospital building, oncology center, diesel generator building, and oxygen station structures. The complex will feature cancer treatment using the Proton therapy to significantly reduce the amount of radiation exposure during treatment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enka Insaat ve Sanayi : High-Technology Multifunctional Medical Complex (HMMC) Project Progress |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/ENKA-INSAAT-VE-SANAYI-A-S-6491719/news/Enka-Insaat-ve-Sanayi-High-Technology-Multifunctional-Medical-Complex-HMMC-Project-Progress-32991752/ |website=Market Screener |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>

In September 2021, Enka signed a contract for the execution of all piping systems of the power island at Hinkley Point C Nuclear Power Station being built in Somerset, United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |title=Material Event Disclosure |url=https://www.kap.org.tr/en/Bildirim/964623 |website=KAP Public Disclosure Platform |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>

Enka collaborated with [[Uniper]] to perform the engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning works of the [[Dradenau]] Combined Heat and Power Plant project in [[Hamburg, Germany]] in late 2021. The power plant is expected to be operational in December 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Material Event Disclosure |url=https://www.kap.org.tr/en/Bildirim/983751 |website=KAP Public Disclosure Platform |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>

In December 2021, Enka was chosen to be general contractor for the construction of the new [[Yandex]] HQ building by the 2nd quarter of 2024. The contract is estimated by 500 million euros ex VAT.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interfax.ru/business/809374|title=Турецкая Enka станет генподрядчиком строительства штаб-квартиры Яндекса за 500 млн евро|language=ru|date=2021-12-14|publisher=[[Интерфакс]]}}</ref>


==Foundation==
==Foundation==
The Enka Foundation supports the arts, culture,<ref name="DS-15012016">{{cite news |title=Brecht's 'The Threepenny Opera' on Istanbul stage |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts-culture/2016/01/16/brechts-the-threepenny-opera-on-istanbul-stage |work=Daily Sabah |date=15 January 2016 |accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref> sports, and education.<ref name="Tara-Book">{{cite book |title=Şarık Tara in His Own Words |first=Çigdem |last=Tüzün |year=2016 |publisher=NMC Televizyon ve Reklamcilik Tic. A.S. |location=Istanbul |isbn=978-605-66205-3-9 |pages=108-124 |url=http://www.marymartin.com/web/selectedIndex?mEntry=239090 |accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref> The Enka Culture and Arts foundation facilities established in 1988 include the Enka Eşref Denizhan Open Air Theater and the Enka Auditorium, both of which host events that are open to the general public.<ref name="DS-17062016">{{cite news |title=Istanbul's outdoor cinemas in summer |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/life/2016/06/18/istanbuls-outdoor-cinemas-in-summer|work=Daily Sabah |date=17 June 2016 |accessdate=September 24, 2018}}</ref><ref name="dailysabah-29102018">{{cite news |title=Gökhan Aybulus, Nemeth Quartet perform at ENKA Auditorium |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/music/2018/10/30/gokhan-aybulus-nemeth-quartet-perform-at-enka-auditorium |work=Daily Sabah |date=29 October 2018 |accessdate=3 December 2018}}</ref>
The Enka Foundation supports the arts, culture,<ref name="DS-15012016">{{cite news |title=Brecht's 'The Threepenny Opera' on Istanbul stage |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts-culture/2016/01/16/brechts-the-threepenny-opera-on-istanbul-stage |work=Daily Sabah |date=15 January 2016 |access-date=24 September 2018}}</ref> sports, and education.<ref name="Tara-Book">{{cite book |title=Şarık Tara in His Own Words |first=Çigdem |last=Tüzün |year=2016 |publisher=NMC Televizyon ve Reklamcilik Tic. A.S. |location=Istanbul |isbn=978-605-66205-3-9 |pages=108–124 |url=http://www.marymartin.com/web/selectedIndex?mEntry=239090 |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref> The Enka Culture and Arts foundation facilities established in 1988 include the Enka Eşref Denizhan Open Air Theater and the Enka Auditorium, both of which host events that are open to the public.<ref name="DS-17062016">{{cite news |title=Istanbul's outdoor cinemas in summer |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/life/2016/06/18/istanbuls-outdoor-cinemas-in-summer|work=Daily Sabah |date=17 June 2016 |access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref><ref name="dailysabah-29102018">{{cite news |title=Gökhan Aybulus, Nemeth Quartet perform at ENKA Auditorium |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/music/2018/10/30/gokhan-aybulus-nemeth-quartet-perform-at-enka-auditorium |work=Daily Sabah |date=29 October 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018}}</ref>

The Sadi Gülçelik Sports Complex was established in 1988 in memory of Sadi Gülçelik.<ref name="Tara-Book"/>
The Sadi Gülçelik Sports Complex was established in 1988 in memory of Sadi Gülçelik.<ref name="Tara-Book"/>


Line 81: Line 97:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.enka.com}}
* {{Official website|https://www.enka.com}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.}}
[[Category:Companies based in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Companies based in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1957]]
[[Category:Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1957]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies in the BIST 100]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies of Turkey]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies of Turkey]]
[[Category:Construction and civil engineering companies of Turkey]]
[[Category:Construction and civil engineering companies of Turkey]]
[[Category:Power companies of Turkey]]
[[Category:Electric power companies of Turkey]]
[[Category:Turkish companies established in 1957]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Turkey]]

Revision as of 13:20, 5 November 2024

Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.
Company typeAnonim Şirket
Industry
  • Construction
  • energy
Founded1957; 68 years ago (1957) in Istanbul, Turkey
Founder
Headquarters
Istanbul
,
Turkey
Key people
RevenueDecrease US$3.22 billion (2023)
Increase US$910.64 million (2023)
Increase US$743.83 million (2023)
Total assetsIncrease US$9.40 billion (2023)
Total equityIncrease US$7.42 billion (2023)
Number of employees
31,237 (2017)
Websitewww.enka.com

Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. (stylized as ENKA) is a Turkish engineering and construction company based in Istanbul.[2] Enka provides construction and engineering services through its subsidiaries in approximately 30 countries across the world.[3][4] As of 2023, Enka was listed third among the largest construction companies in Turkey. [4]

Company

Enka is a global engineering and construction company headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey.[2] In addition to engineering and construction, its operations include energy,[5] real estate,[6] trading,[7] and manufacturing.[8] The company has been involved in the construction of power plants,[2] airports,[9] bridges,[8] pipelines,[8] motorways,[10] business towers[11] and shopping centers.[5] Mehmet Tara is president and chairman of the board, as of 2022.[12] As of May 2017, Enka employed 31,237 people.[13] Enka is publicly traded in Borsa, Istanbul (BIST).[4]

Enka has employed approximately 200,000 people in its projects abroad.[3] The company has carried out around 500 projects in more than 30 countries including Albania, Algeria, Cameroon, Kazakhstan, Libya, the Netherlands, Nepal, Oman, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Tajikistan, and Ukraine.[3]

Enka was listed at #270 on Forbes' "Global 2000: World's Best Employers" in 2017.[13]

History

Enka was founded in 1957 in Istanbul, Turkey, by 27-year-old Şarık Tara and his brother-in-law, Sadi Gülçelik.[3] Tara and Gülçelik chose Enka as the name of the company from the first syllable of two words, "enişte" and "kayınbirader" meaning "brother-in-law".[3] Gülçelik died in 1980 in a Saudi Arabian airplane crash and Tara became the sole proprietor.[8] Around the same time, Enka began acquiring larger scale projects, increasing their rank as one of the top 250 international contractors.[8]

In 1972, the company established Enka Pazarlama, a sales-focused subsidiary for several earthmoving equipment and construction machinery brands.[14] The following year, Enka founded Cimtas, one of the company's fully owned subsidiaries.[15] The company expanded internationally during the 1970s and 1980s.[5]

Sarik Tara passed the company to his son, Sinan Tara, in 1984.[4] Sarik was 56 years old, and Sinan wanted to preserve Enka's tradition of having young leaders.[3] Sarık Tara's grandson, Mehmet Tara, became CEO at age 29.[16]

The Enka Moscow office opened in 1987.[17] After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Enka delivered goods and services, ultimately building a strong business relationship with Russia.[5] The company collaborated with the Moscow city government in 1995 to build the MosEnka development.[18] In the mid-1990s, Enka built a second investment company, Moskva Krasnye Holmy, building offices, shopping centers, and recreation facilities across Russia.[19]

In 1997, Enka and the Turkish company Migros founded RamEnka in a joint venture, building shopping centers across Russia.[20] Enka acquired all of RamEnka stock when Migros sold their half of the company in 2007.[20] Enka had built 10 shopping malls in Russia by 2000.[21] The company has been regarded as one of the main providers of construction services in the Russian market since the 1990s.[22]

Projects

Enka's earliest projects include the İstinye Highway Bridge and the Babaeski-Kuleli road construction in Istanbul.[23] In the early 1970s, Enka, in a partnership with German company Wayss and Freytag, built the Ortaköy viaducts and the Bosphorus Bridge.[23] Enka continued to expand internationally in the 1980s with the award of the 1981 housing development contract in Al Medinah, Saudi Arabia, in a joint venture with the company Kutlutas.[24]

Throughout the early 1980s, Enka worked on different kinds of projects in the Middle East, such as water treatment facilities and cement plants.[25][26] During this time, Enka built Turkey's first natural gas power plant, the Trakya Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant.[27] In 1984, Enka, in collaboration with Toyo, completed the construction of the Iraq-Turkey Crude Oil Pipeline Expansion project.[28]

Enka undertook various construction projects in the late 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, including the Bekhme Dam in Iraq,[29] the Petrovsky Passage in Russia,[30] and the Ankara-Gerede Motorway, in a partnership with Bechtel. Around this time, Enka was also responsible for the construction of the Russian Federation Government House, known as the "White House".[31]

Enka entered another joint venture with Bechtel in 1993 with the Tengiz Oil Field project in western Kazakhstan.[32] In 1997, Enka and Bechtel were awarded the rights to build and operate the Gebze, Adapazarı, and Izmir gas power plants.[33] Both companies began work on the Bregana-Zagreb-Dubrovnik Motorway in Croatia in 1998.[34] The Gebze and Adapazarı Plants were completed in 2002 and the İzmir Plant, in 2003. All three power plants are still in use, as of 2018.[33] Enka signed a contract in 2001 for work constructing an artificial island for the development of the Kashagan Oil Field, which is the largest oil field discovered in Kazakhstan in the last 30 years.[35]

Enka began construction of the Sakhalin II Onshore Processing Facility Project in Sakhalin Island, Russia, in a collaborative project with Tekhnostroieksport and Bechtel, in 2003.[36] In November of the same year, Enka worked with Tekhnostroieksport on the construction of the Sakhalin I De-Kastri Oil Export Terminal.[37] In 2004, Enka and Bechtel began work on the Transylvanian Motorway in Romania, the biggest infrastructure project in Europe.[38] The project concluded in 2013.[38] The companies also worked together in 2007 to build Albania's first two-bore tunnel in a highway connecting Kosovo and Albania.[39]

Enka finished construction on the Donbass Arena, in Donetsk, Ukraine, in 2009.[40] In April 2010, the Enka-Bechtel partnership was awarded a contract for the construction of the 78 kilometre Route 7 four-lane motorway from Morine to the north of Pristina in Kosovo, and finished a year ahead of schedule in November 2013.[41] In approximately 2011, Enka signed on a joint venture, BEB Consortium, with Bechtel and Jeff Brighton of Bahwan, on the redesign of the Muscat International Airport in Oman. This is one of the largest projects in the history of Oman.[9]

Enka was awarded an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract to convert the Erbil Independent Power Project from simple-cycle to combined-cycle technology and began work in summer 2012.[42][43] Around the same time, Enka began construction of the third generator unit at the Berezovskaya power plant in Sharypovsky, Russia. The structural design of this project is comparable to the first two generators at the Berezovskaya power plant, but features an upgrade to increase efficiency and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.[44] Enka was the lead contractor for the engineering, procurement and construction of the Sulaymaniyah 1,500 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant Project in Iraq that began in 2013.[43]

Enka and Bechtel also worked together to build a 60-kilometer motorway linking Pristina to Skopje, starting in June 2014.[41] The Enka-Bechtel joint venture also signed a contract for the South Caucasus Pipeline Expansion Project in Georgia, in October of the same year.[45] Enka developed Kuntsevo Plaza during 2015–2016.[46] Around the same time, the company started work on the Kashirskaya Shopping Center investment project.[47]

Enka signed on to build the Bismayah power plant in Baghdad, Iraq, supplying approximately 5 million homes with power.[48] In November 2017, four Enka employees were kidnapped in Benghazi while traveling from the airport to the power plant in Ubari, Libya.[49] Employees were met with security issues and work was paused from late January 2018 to the end of February 2018.[49][2]

Enka collaborated with Siemen's to build the 495 MW power plant for Nizhnekamskneftekhim, a subsidiary of Taif Group, in Tatarstan, Russia, in late 2017.[50] Commercial operation is set to begin May 2021.[51]

In mid-2018, Enka began construction of the quay wall for the Basra Multi-purpose Terminal, the largest multipurpose port facility in Iraq.[52]

Enka in a partnership with Bechtel, signed a contract for the design and construction of Morava Corridor Motorway in Serbia in December 2019. The project with a total length of 112 kilometers will be completed by the end of the 2023.[53]

In late 2019, Enka began work on the High-Technological Multifunctional Medical Complex (HMMC) Project in St. Petersburg, Russia. Construction and design works include a main hospital building, oncology center, diesel generator building, and oxygen station structures. The complex will feature cancer treatment using the Proton therapy to significantly reduce the amount of radiation exposure during treatment.[54]

In September 2021, Enka signed a contract for the execution of all piping systems of the power island at Hinkley Point C Nuclear Power Station being built in Somerset, United Kingdom.[55]

Enka collaborated with Uniper to perform the engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning works of the Dradenau Combined Heat and Power Plant project in Hamburg, Germany in late 2021. The power plant is expected to be operational in December 2024.[56]

In December 2021, Enka was chosen to be general contractor for the construction of the new Yandex HQ building by the 2nd quarter of 2024. The contract is estimated by 500 million euros ex VAT.[57]

Foundation

The Enka Foundation supports the arts, culture,[58] sports, and education.[59] The Enka Culture and Arts foundation facilities established in 1988 include the Enka Eşref Denizhan Open Air Theater and the Enka Auditorium, both of which host events that are open to the public.[60][61]

The Sadi Gülçelik Sports Complex was established in 1988 in memory of Sadi Gülçelik.[59]

In 1996, Enka Foundation opened schools in Istanbul. In 1999, the Adapazarı Enka School was established immediately after the Adapazarı earthquake of 1999. The Gebze Technical and Industrial Vocational High School was established in 2008. All students that attend the school have full scholarships paid for by the Enka Foundation.[59]

References

  1. ^ "Profile-Person-Agah Mehmet Tara". Bloomberg- Middle East Edition. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d "GECOL and Turkish company Enka agree to resume work at Ubari power station". Libyan Express. 29 January 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Ozgenturk, Jale. "Turkish business mogul Şarık Tara dies at 88". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d "Nullatech Prediction for Enka Market Trends". Nullatech. 5 November 2017. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d "Construction and energy giant ENKA's Şarık Tara dies aged 88". Daily Sabah. Anadolu Agency. 28 June 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  6. ^ LaFraniere, Sharon (20 July 1998). "At Moscow Mega-Supermarket – Speed, 'Cultured' Service". The Washington Post.
  7. ^ Özer, Tuncay (19 August 2018). "Enka Construction continues to accumulate shares". Emlak Dream. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e Howe, Marvine (1982). "Turkish Contractors Thrive on Foreign Building Projects". The New York Times. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  9. ^ a b Hansford, Mark (24 July 2018). "Building Muscat's new airport". New Civil Engineer. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  10. ^ "United Kingdom: Bechtel S Kosovo Motorway Project Wins International Award Mena Report". Mena Report. 30 October 2012.
  11. ^ "Moskva-City Tower Opens for Business". The Moscow Times. 12 October 2004.
  12. ^ "ENKA Leadership". ENKA İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  13. ^ a b "ENKA Company Overview & News". Forbes. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  14. ^ "60 Years in Economy". Milliyet. 2 November 1983. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  15. ^ "Cimtas turns heads with integrated piping solutions at ADIPEC". Pipeline Oil and Gas Magazine. 17 December 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  16. ^ "Profile-Person-Mehmet Sinan Tara". Forbes. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  17. ^ Tüzün, Çigdem (2016). Şarık Tara in His Own Words. Istanbul: NMC Televizyon ve Reklamcilik Tic. A.S. p. 195. ISBN 978-605-66205-3-9. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  18. ^ Kennett, Jim (22 August 1995). "Taganka: Down and Out to Up and Coming". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  19. ^ Tüzün, Çigdem (2014). Şarık Tara Beyond Borders. Istanbul: Pasifik Ofset Ltd. p. 179.
  20. ^ a b "UPDATE 1-Turkey's Migros sells Enka its 50 pct Ramenka stake". Reuters. 11 September 2007. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  21. ^ "Turkey: ENKA Planning New Mall Project in Russia". Info-Prod Research (Middle East). 13 December 2001.
  22. ^ "Sharyk Tara: "I consider the high degree of tension between Russia and Turkey to be a misfortune"". Ekonomist. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  23. ^ a b "Sarık Tara lost his life". Milliyet. 28 June 2018. p. 3. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  24. ^ "Kutlutaş and ENKA win TL52 billion contract in Saudi Arabia". Milliyet. 24 November 1981. p. 4.
  25. ^ "Three new contracts worth USD 171 million awarded to Enka in Saudi Arabia". Cumhuriyet. No. 20769. 29 May 1982. p. 6.
  26. ^ Yasin, Mehmet (24 April 1983). "Turkish companies paint the desert green in Iraq". Cumhuriyet.
  27. ^ "First-ever Natural Gas Plant to be built in Thrace". Cumhuriyet. No. 21665. 20 December 1984. p. 12.
  28. ^ "State Minister İsmail Özdağlar: the Government avoids new investments". Cumhuriyet. No. 21535. 9 August 1984. p. 9.
  29. ^ "Bekhme Dam Awarded to ENKA". Cumhiriyet. No. 22304. 30 September 1986. p. 8.
  30. ^ Brebbia, C.A.; Dominguez, J.; Escrig, F. (1991). Structural Repair and Maintenance of Historical Buildings II. Istanbul: Computational Mechanics Publications. pp. 321–340. ISBN 978-1562520793.
  31. ^ "ENKA wins giant tender in Russia". Milliyet. 27 June 1994. p. 5.
  32. ^ Ewing, Jonathan (23 July 1997). "Bechtel gets $250 million project to expand Kazakstan oilfield by 30 percent". The Journal of Commerce. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  33. ^ a b "Founded the Largest Natural Gas Power Plants in Turkey". Enerji Ekonomisi. 29 June 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  34. ^ "ENKA to build motorway in Croatia". Hürriyet. 21 October 1998. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  35. ^ "$75 million Project from Enka". Hürriyet. 20 March 2001. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  36. ^ "Russian company secures order from Sakhalin-2". Pravda.ru. 27 June 2003. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  37. ^ "Oil export system commissioned as part of the Sakhalin-1 project". Prima Media. 11 September 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  38. ^ a b "Transylvania Motorway: route to prosperity". World Highways. January 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  39. ^ Koleka, Benet (28 June 2007). "Highway set to bring Albania and Kosovo closer". Reuters. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  40. ^ "Donbass Arena Stadium: Stay Warm in Winter". Tribun News. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  41. ^ a b "Bechtel Enka opens first section of Pristina-Skopje motorway". World Highways. 29 October 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  42. ^ "Enka to convert Kurdistan power project to combined cycle". Middle East Business Intelligence. 27 December 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
  43. ^ a b Wright, Andrew G. (11 October 2017). "Project of the Year & Best Power/Industrial - Sulaymaniyah 1,500 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant". Engineering News-Record. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  44. ^ Kovalchuk, Natalya (22 October 2013). "A huge furnace to be started up at Berezovskaya TPP". Krasnoyarsk. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  45. ^ Medici, Luigi (8 February 2017). "Azerbaijan Shah Deniz ready for 87%". AGC News. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  46. ^ Pakulniewicz, Anna (10 April 2017). "Polish design for Russian cinema". Eurobuild Central & Eastern Europe. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  47. ^ "Enka Kashirskaya Multi-functional Trade Centre in Moscow". Across Magazine. 8 August 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  48. ^ Zendera, Yamurai (15 October 2015). "Iraq gas plant to use General Electric turbines". Construction Week Online. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  49. ^ a b "Four foreigners working at power plant kidnapped in Libya, official says". Reuters. 3 November 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  50. ^ "Siemens, Enka to build 495 MW power plant in Russia's Tatarstan". Tass. 18 December 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  51. ^ Bayar, Tildy. "Siemens wins contract for Tatarstan combined-cycle plant". Power Engineering International. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  52. ^ "New Investment at Umm Qasr Port". Iraq Business News. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  53. ^ "Material Event Disclosure". KAP Public Disclosure Platform. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  54. ^ "Enka Insaat ve Sanayi : High-Technology Multifunctional Medical Complex (HMMC) Project Progress". Market Screener. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  55. ^ "Material Event Disclosure". KAP Public Disclosure Platform. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  56. ^ "Material Event Disclosure". KAP Public Disclosure Platform. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  57. ^ "Турецкая Enka станет генподрядчиком строительства штаб-квартиры Яндекса за 500 млн евро" (in Russian). Интерфакс. 2021-12-14.
  58. ^ "Brecht's 'The Threepenny Opera' on Istanbul stage". Daily Sabah. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  59. ^ a b c Tüzün, Çigdem (2016). Şarık Tara in His Own Words. Istanbul: NMC Televizyon ve Reklamcilik Tic. A.S. pp. 108–124. ISBN 978-605-66205-3-9. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  60. ^ "Istanbul's outdoor cinemas in summer". Daily Sabah. 17 June 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  61. ^ "Gökhan Aybulus, Nemeth Quartet perform at ENKA Auditorium". Daily Sabah. 29 October 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
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