Centre d'Enseignement Français en Afghanistan: Difference between revisions

National Public School
National Public School
Location
	District 2, Kabul; Afghanistan
Information
Type	Public
Established	1922
Teaching staff	300
Number of students	5,700
Website	nps.com}}

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The Centre d'Enseignement Français en Afghanistan (CEFA) consists of two Franco-Afghan schools in the center of Kabul, Afghanistan, together educating around 6,000 Afghan students.^[2]

The National Public School is a school in Kabul, Afghanistan. It is the second oldest school (after Habibia High School) in Kabul, and is recognized as the most prestigious school in the country.

National Public School is a private school administered by the Afghan Ministry of Education, and is currently under the contract of AEFE,^{[citation needed]} an educational agency of the French Foreign Ministry. The French Cultural Center (CCF) is also located inside the National Public School compound.

Further information

Created under the impulse of King Amanullah in 1922 as Amaniya School, it was renamed in 1931 to Lycée Esteqlal (meaning "independence" in Persian). In 1968, French Prime Minister Georges Pompidou laid the first brick of modern buildings, and the new site was inaugurated in 1974. The curriculum was entirely in the French language until 1985 when diplomatic relations between France and Afghanistan were suspended under the communist regime. Since 2002, only a few subjects, such as French language, mathematics and physics, are taught in French, and the rest in Persian.

Until 1985, Lycée Esteqlal did not only receive Afghan students, but also several French nationals who were related to the French Embassy's diplomatic staff. Lycée Esteqlal along with Lycée Malalaï (Persian: لیسه ملالی), which is the other Franco-Afghan school for girls in Kabul, were rebuilt and reopened at the beginning of 2003, and currently are under the contract of Agency for French Education Abroad (Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger).

King Amanullah, who was progressive and democratic, also oversaw the opening of the first girls school, Masturat, in 1921. Masturat was closed from 1928 to 1932, then reopened in 1932 through the efforts of the new King Nadir Shah and became a girls secondary school in 1939, led by a French teacher. Seven hours a week of French was taught from the primary year upwards. In 1942, the school moved to a new building and took the name of Lycée Malalai, from the name of a famous Afghan woman who fought in the resistance against the invading English in 1880 during the Second Anglo-Afghan War.^[3]^[4]^[5]

In 2014 a suicide bomber attacked a cultural center at Esteqlal High School, killing a German national and injuring 16.^[6] The explosion occurred during the performance of a play called 'Heartbeat: Silence After the Explosion', which was a condemnation of suicide attacks. One of the injured was musician Ahmad Naser Sarmast.^[7]

Notable alumni

Many internationally renowned Afghan personalities and figures have received part of their education or have obtained their baccalaureate in Lycée Esteqlal.

Ahmad Shah Khan, crown prince of Afghanistan^{[citation needed]}
Ahmad Shah Massoud, renowned Afghan anti-Soviet resistance leader^[8]
Amin Wardak, mujahideen leader^[9]^[10]
Atiq Rahimi, well-known French-Afghan writer^[11]^[12]
Dr.Samir Bayat, physician, Surgeon, University Lecturer, Founder of Telemedicine Services in Afghanistan ^{[citation needed]}
Homayun Tandar, Afghan ambassador^[13]
Mohammed Akram, former minister of education and ambassador in France^{[citation needed]}
Mohammed Kassem Fazelly, lawyer, professor, ambassador to UN ^{[citation needed]}
Mahmoud Saikal, former Afghan permanent representative to the UN^[14]
Mohammed Sediq Farhang, civil servant, historian^[15]
Muhammed Akbar Khan, crown prince of Afghanistan^{[citation needed]}
Nur Ahmad Etemadi, former Afghan prime minister^{[citation needed]}
Ravan A. G. Farhâdi, former ambassador to the UN, renowned writer, researcher, and professor^[16]
Tamim Ansary, author^[17]
Zalmai Rassoul, former Afghan foreign affairs minister ^[18]
Zemaryalai Tarzi, internationally renowned archaeologist and professor^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ Soutien aux lycées Esteqlal et Malalaï, French Embassy in Afghanistan^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Centre d'Enseignement Français en Afghanistan (CEFA)" (Archive). AEFE. October 17, 2005. Retrieved on May 6, 2015.
^ Chaussé, Caroline (December 2001 – February 2002). "Plus de soixante années de coopération franco-afghane" (in French). Paris: France Culture. Archived from the original on 2010-02-11. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
^ "Lycées français de Kaboul - Historique" (in French). Kabul: website of the French Lycées in Kabul. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
^ D'Afghanistan, Leylâ (2003). "La genèse du droit de la femme en Afghanistan" (PDF). Les Cahiers du Cremoc (in French) (36). Paris: CREMOC (Centre de recherche sur l'Europe et le monde contemporain). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-18. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
^ "Suicide bomber targets French school in Kabul." Al Jazeera. 11 December 2014. Retrieved on May 6, 2015.
^ "Kabul suicide bomber attacks French school during show." BBC. 11 December 2014. Retrieved on 6 May 2015.
^ Gall, Sandy (2021). Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmad Shah Massoud. London: Haus Publishing. pp. 20–21, 22. ISBN 978-1-913368-22-7.
^ Rubin, Barnett (1995). The fragmentation of Afghanistan. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 228–229. ISBN 0-300-05963-9.
^ J. Bruce Amstutz. Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. DIANE Publishing, 1994. ISBN 0-7881-1111-6, ISBN 978-0-7881-1111-2, p.119
^ "Interview: Atiq Rahimi on language and expression in Afghanistan". Financial Times.
^ "The Border Has To Be Crossed: Alie Ataee and Atiq Rahimi in conversation with Amir Ahmadi Arian". University of Notre Dame Research.
^ Adamec, Ludwig W. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780810878150.
^ "Social, Humanitarian & Cultural Issues (Third Committee): Chairperson of the 73rd Session". General Assembly of the United Nations.
^ "Biography of Mir Mohammad Sidiq Farhang". Afghan-Web.
^ "Afghan Bios: Rawan Farhadi". Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
^ Ansary, Tamim (2002). West of Kabul, East of New York: An Afghan American Story. Picador. p. 90. Istlaqal was the second-oldest school[...] - The name of the Esteqlal school is spelled "Istlaqal" in the book.
^ [1] Biography, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

External links

Official website of Lycée Esteqlal
Website by the French pedagogical team for Esteqlal and Malalai schools http://www.esteqlal-malalai.org/topic/index.html

34°31′22″N 69°10′34″E / 34.52278°N 69.17611°E / 34.52278; 69.17611

[1] Soutien aux lycées Esteqlal et Malalaï, French Embassy in Afghanistan^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[2] "Centre d'Enseignement Français en Afghanistan (CEFA)" (Archive). AEFE. October 17, 2005. Retrieved on May 6, 2015.

[3] Chaussé, Caroline (December 2001 – February 2002). "Plus de soixante années de coopération franco-afghane" (in French). Paris: France Culture. Archived from the original on 2010-02-11. Retrieved 2009-11-06.

[4] "Lycées français de Kaboul - Historique" (in French). Kabul: website of the French Lycées in Kabul. Retrieved 2009-11-06.

[5] D'Afghanistan, Leylâ (2003). "La genèse du droit de la femme en Afghanistan" (PDF). Les Cahiers du Cremoc (in French) (36). Paris: CREMOC (Centre de recherche sur l'Europe et le monde contemporain). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-18. Retrieved 2009-11-06.

[6] "Suicide bomber targets French school in Kabul." Al Jazeera. 11 December 2014. Retrieved on May 6, 2015.

[7] "Kabul suicide bomber attacks French school during show." BBC. 11 December 2014. Retrieved on 6 May 2015.

[:0-8] Gall, Sandy (2021). Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmad Shah Massoud. London: Haus Publishing. pp. 20–21, 22. ISBN 978-1-913368-22-7.

[Rubin1-9] Rubin, Barnett (1995). The fragmentation of Afghanistan. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 228–229. ISBN 0-300-05963-9.

[10] J. Bruce Amstutz. Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. DIANE Publishing, 1994. ISBN 0-7881-1111-6, ISBN 978-0-7881-1111-2, p.119

[ft.com-11] "Interview: Atiq Rahimi on language and expression in Afghanistan". Financial Times.

[12] "The Border Has To Be Crossed: Alie Ataee and Atiq Rahimi in conversation with Amir Ahmadi Arian". University of Notre Dame Research.

[13] Adamec, Ludwig W. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780810878150.

[14] "Social, Humanitarian & Cultural Issues (Third Committee): Chairperson of the 73rd Session". General Assembly of the United Nations.

[15] "Biography of Mir Mohammad Sidiq Farhang". Afghan-Web.

[afghanbios-16] "Afghan Bios: Rawan Farhadi". Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2017-11-27.

[17] Ansary, Tamim (2002). West of Kabul, East of New York: An Afghan American Story. Picador. p. 90. Istlaqal was the second-oldest school[...] - The name of the Esteqlal school is spelled "Istlaqal" in the book.

[18] [1] Biography, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox school
+ | name                    = National Public School
-| name = Lycée Esteqlal
-| image =
+ | image                   =
-| image_size = 300px
+ | image_size              = 300px
-| caption =
+ | caption                 =
-| motto =
+ | motto                   =
-| established = 1922
+ | established             = 1922
-| opened =
+ | opened                  =
-| type = [[Public school (government funded)|Public]]
+ | type                    = [[Public school (government funded)|Public]]
-| district =
+ | district                =
-| students = 5,700<ref>[http://ambafrance-af.org/france_afghanistan/spip.php?article290#Soutien-aux-lycees-Esteqlal-et Soutien aux lycées Esteqlal et Malalaï, French Embassy in Afghanistan]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
+ | students                = 5,700<ref>[http://ambafrance-af.org/france_afghanistan/spip.php?article290#Soutien-aux-lycees-Esteqlal-et Soutien aux lycées Esteqlal et Malalaï, French Embassy in Afghanistan]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-| teaching_staff    = 300
+ | teaching_staff          = 300
-| principal =
+ | principal               =
-| location = District 2, [[Kabul]]
+ | location                = District 2, [[Kabul]]
-| country = [[Afghanistan]]
+ | country                 = [[Afghanistan]]
-| coordinates =
+ | coordinates             =
+ | website                 = {{URL|https://nps.com}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
-| website = {{ubl|[https://web.archive.org/web/20130129054926/http://www.esteqlal-malalai.org/topic/index.html esteqlal-malalai.org]|{{URL|http://lycee.kaboul.free.fr}}}}
 }}
 The '''Centre d'Enseignement Français en Afghanistan''' ('''CEFA''') consists of two [[France|Franco]]-[[Afghanistan|Afghan]] schools in the center of [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]], together educating around 6,000 Afghan students.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20051017185309/http://www.aefe.diplomatie.fr/aefe/Agence.nsf/d561f99593097368412564f9005e459c/b1ca65c2541b4befc1256b5e003ec197?OpenDocument Centre d'Enseignement Français en Afghanistan (CEFA)]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20051017185309/http://www.aefe.diplomatie.fr/aefe/Agence.nsf/d561f99593097368412564f9005e459c/b1ca65c2541b4befc1256b5e003ec197?OpenDocument Archive]). [[AEFE]]. October 17, 2005. Retrieved on May 6, 2015.</ref>
-The '''''Lycée Esteqlal''''' ({{lang-fa|لیسه استقلال}} [[English language|English]]: Esteqlal High School) is a [[France|Franco]]-[[Afghanistan|Afghan]] school in [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]]. It is the second oldest school (after ''[[Habibia High School]]'') in Kabul, and is recognized as the most prestigious school in the country.
+The '''''National Public School''''' is a school in [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]]. It is the second oldest school (after ''[[Habibia High School]]'') in Kabul, and is recognized as the most prestigious school in the country.
-Lycée Esteqlal is a [[Public school (government funded)|public school]], administered by the [[Ministry of Education (Afghanistan)|Afghan Ministry of Education]], and is currently under the contract of [[Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger|AEFE]],{{fact|date=June 2023}} an educational agency of the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|French Foreign Ministry]]. The French Cultural Center (CCF) is also located inside the Lycée Esteqlal compound.
+National Public School is a private school administered by the [[Ministry of Education (Afghanistan)|Afghan Ministry of Education]], and is currently under the contract of [[Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger|AEFE]],{{fact|date=June 2023}} an educational agency of the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|French Foreign Ministry]]. The French Cultural Center (CCF) is also located inside the National Public School compound.
 ==Further information==
 Created under the impulse of King [[Amanullah Khan|Amanullah]] in 1922 as ''Amaniya School'', it was renamed in 1931 to ''Lycée Esteqlal'' (meaning "independence" in Persian). In 1968, French Prime Minister [[Georges Pompidou]] laid the first brick of modern buildings, and the new site was inaugurated in 1974. The curriculum was entirely in the [[French language]] until 1985 when diplomatic relations between France and Afghanistan were suspended under the communist regime. Since 2002, only a few subjects, such as French language, [[mathematics]] and [[physics]], are taught in French, and the rest in Persian.
-Until 1985, Lycée Esteqlal did not only receive Afghan students, but also several French nationals who were related to the French Embassy's diplomatic staff. Lycée Esteqlal along with '''Lycée [[Malalaï]]''' ({{lang-fa|لیسه ملالی}}), which is the other Franco-Afghan school for girls in Kabul, were rebuilt and reopened at the beginning of 2003, and currently are under the contract of [[Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger|Agency for French Education Abroad (Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger)]].
+Until 1985, Lycée Esteqlal did not only receive Afghan students, but also several French nationals who were related to the French Embassy's diplomatic staff. Lycée Esteqlal along with '''Lycée [[Malalaï]]''' ({{langx|fa|لیسه ملالی}}), which is the other Franco-Afghan school for girls in Kabul, were rebuilt and reopened at the beginning of 2003, and currently are under the contract of [[Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger|Agency for French Education Abroad (Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger)]].
 King Amanullah, who was progressive and democratic, also oversaw the opening of the first girls school, ''Masturat'', in 1921. ''Masturat'' was closed from 1928 to 1932, then reopened in 1932 through the efforts of the new King [[Mohammed Nadir Shah|Nadir Shah]] and became a girls secondary school in 1939, led by a French teacher. Seven hours a week of [[French language|French]] was taught from the primary year upwards. In 1942, the school moved to a new building and took the name of ''Lycée [[Malalai Anaa|Malalai]]'', from the name of a famous Afghan woman who fought in the resistance against the invading English in 1880 during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiofrance.fr/chaines/france-culture2/dossiers/2002/lycees_kaboul/reportage_themes.php|title=Plus de soixante années de coopération franco-afghane|last=Chaussé|first=Caroline|date=December 2001 – February 2002|publisher=[[France Culture]]|language=French|access-date=2009-11-06|location=Paris|archive-date=2010-02-11|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100211145728/http://www.radiofrance.fr/chaines/france-culture2/dossiers/2002/lycees_kaboul/reportage_themes.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lycee.kaboul.free.fr/histo_f.htm|title=Lycées français de Kaboul - Historique|publisher=website of the French Lycées in Kabul|language=French|access-date=2009-11-06|location=Kabul}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=D'Afghanistan|first=Leylâ|year=2003|title=La genèse du droit de la femme  en Afghanistan|journal=Les Cahiers du Cremoc|publisher=CREMOC (Centre de recherche sur l'Europe et le monde contemporain)|location=Paris|issue=36|language=fr|url=http://www.cremoc.org/articles/afgfem.pdf|access-date=2009-11-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518084800/http://www.cremoc.org/articles/afgfem.pdf|archive-date=2008-05-18}}</ref>

v t e Schools in Kabul
Operating	Abdul Hadi Dawi High School Amani High School Kabul Ariana Afghan Turk High Schools (Boys) Kabul Afghan Turk High Schools (Girls) Afghanistan National Institute of Music CEFA (Lycée Esteqlal and Lycée Malalaï) Ghulam Haider Khan High School Habibia High School Hope High School (Afghanistan) Nazo Ana High School Rahman Baba High School
Closed	International School of Kabul
Schools portal

v t e International schools in Afghanistan
Kabul	CEFA (Lycée Esteqlal and Lycée Malalaï) Amani High School Kabul Afghan Turk High Schools (Boys and Girls) International School of Kabul (CLOSED)	Afghanistan portal
Herat	Herat Afghan Turk High Schools (Boys and Girls)
Kandahar	Kandahar Afghan Turk High Schools (Boys and Girls)
Mazar-i-Sharif	Mazar-i-Sharif Afghan Turk High Schools (Boys and Girls)
Sheberghan	Sheberghan Afghan Turk High Schools (Boys)

v t e French international schools in the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Iraq, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent
Afghanistan	CEFA (Lycée Esteqlal and Lycée Malalaï)
India	Lycée Français de Delhi French International School of Bombay École Franco-Indienne Sishya Lycée français de Pondichéry
Iran	École Française de Téhéran
Iraq	French International School MLF Danielle Mitterrand
Kazakhstan	Miras International School Astana (French section)
Nepal	International French School of Kathmandu
Qatar	Lycée Bonaparte Lycée Franco-Qatarien Voltaire
Sri Lanka	École Française Internationale de Colombo
United Arab Emirates	Lycée Louis Massignon (Abu Dhabi) Lycée Français Théodore Monod (Abu Dhabi) Lycée Français International de Dubaï Lycée Français International Georges Pompidou (Dubai and Sharjah)
Uzbekistan	French School in Tashkent
Former schools	Pakistan École Française d'Islamabad