Disabled parking permit: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Parking privilege for disabled people}} |
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{{redirect|Blue Badge|the tour guides in Britain|Blue Badge tourist guide}} |
{{redirect|Blue Badge|the tour guides in Britain|Blue Badge tourist guide}} |
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{{Overly detailed|date=January 2022}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} |
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[[File:Disabled parking permit hanging placard, Minnesota.jpg|thumb|Disabled parking permit in a car in Minnesota]] |
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[[Image:Disabled parking.jpg|thumb|A sign requesting permits be displayed for a disabled parking place in [[Canberra]], [[Australia]].]] |
[[Image:Disabled parking.jpg|thumb|A sign requesting permits be displayed for a disabled parking place in [[Canberra]], [[Australia]].]] |
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A '''disabled parking permit''', also known as a '''disabled badge''', '''disabled placard''', '''handicapped permit''', '''handicapped placard''', '''handicapped tag''', and "'''Blue Badge'''" in the [[European Union]], is displayed upon parking a vehicle |
A '''disabled parking permit''', also known as a '''disabled badge''', '''disabled placard''', '''handicapped permit''', '''handicapped placard''', '''handicapped tag''', and "'''Blue Badge'''" in the [[European Union]], is a permit that is displayed upon parking a vehicle. It gives the operator of a vehicle permission to special privileges regarding the parking of that vehicle. These privileges include parking in a space reserved for persons with disabilities, or, in some situations, permission to park in a time-limited space for a longer time, or to park at a meter without payment. |
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== Reciprocal |
== Reciprocal recognition == |
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Member Countries of the [[International Transport Forum]], an [[Intergovernmental organization|inter-governmental organisation]] within the [[OECD]], would from 1978 grant the same parking concessions to people with disabilities as they offered their own nationals. |
Member Countries of the [[International Transport Forum]], an [[Intergovernmental organization|inter-governmental organisation]] within the [[OECD]], would from 1978 grant the same parking concessions to people with disabilities as they offered their own nationals. |
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The Resolution was updated and extended in 1997 by "Resolution no. 97/4 on Reciprocal Recognition of Parking Badges for Persons with Mobility Handicaps", and now applies to ITF member states as well as Associated Countries. The condition is the display of a badge showing the international wheelchair symbol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marian|date=2017-07-12|title=Reciprocal Recognition of Parking Badges|url=https://www.itf-oecd.org/reciprocal-recognition-parking-badges|access-date=2020-02-06|website=ITF|language=en-gb}}</ref> |
The Resolution was updated and extended in 1997 by "Resolution no. 97/4 on Reciprocal Recognition of Parking Badges for Persons with Mobility Handicaps", and now applies to ITF member states as well as Associated Countries. The condition is the display of a badge showing the international wheelchair symbol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marian|date=2017-07-12|title=Reciprocal Recognition of Parking Badges|url=https://www.itf-oecd.org/reciprocal-recognition-parking-badges|access-date=2020-02-06|website=ITF|language=en-gb}}</ref> |
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The [[International Transport Forum]] was called the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) between 1953 and 2007. |
The [[International Transport Forum]] was called the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) between 1953 and 2007. |
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== North America == |
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===United States=== |
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{{main|Disabled parking permits of the United States}} |
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[[Image:2008-07-30 Misoriented manhole cover in a handicapped parking space at UNC.jpg|thumb|Accessible parking space at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]] in [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]]]] |
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In the United States, reserved spaces are mandated by the [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|Americans with Disabilities Act]] Accessibility Guidelines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-the-ada-standards/background/adaag#4.6 |title=4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading Zones |work=ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) |publisher=United States Access Board |access-date=14 December 2016}}</ref> Disabled parking permits generally take the form of either specially marked license plates or a placard that hangs from the rear-view mirror. Plates are generally used for disabled drivers on their personal vehicle, while the portable disability placard can be moved from one vehicle to another with the disabled person, both when driving or when riding with another driver. |
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The medical requirements to obtain a permit vary by state, but are usually confined to specific types of disabilities. These as a general rule include the use of any assistive device such as a wheelchair, crutches, or cane, as well as a missing leg or foot. Some states also include certain cardiovascular, pain, or respiratory conditions. About half of US states (26) include blindness as a qualifying disability enabling the person to obtain a disability parking permit for use as a passenger, and 14 states include a disabled hand as a qualifying disability. Four states include deafness (Georgia, Kentucky, Virginia, Wyoming), and two states (Virginia and New York) include mental illness or [[Developmental disability|developmental disabilities]] as qualifying disabilities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Disabled Parking Placards or License Plates Application|url=http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/pdf/med10.pdf|access-date=19 December 2009|publisher=Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Application for a Parking Permit or License Plates, for Persons with Severe Disabilities|url=http://www.dmv.ny.gov/forms/mv6641.pdf|access-date=19 December 2009|publisher=New York State Department of Motor Vehicles}}</ref> |
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== Europe == |
== Europe == |
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===European Union / European Economic Area=== |
=== European Union / European Economic Area === |
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[[File: |
[[File:Autorisation de Stationnement.jpg|thumb|Disabled parking permit issued in Luxembourg, in the common EU format]] |
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In the European Union (EU), a disabled parking permit allows partial or total exemption from charges or penalties associated with the parking of a motor vehicle used by a badge-holder, and shows entitlement to use of dedicated parking bays and off-street parking (where they are provided). The concession extends in some places to partial or total exemption from tolls or general prohibitions on where a vehicle can be driven. Council recommendation 98/376/EC<ref>{{ |
In the [[European Union]] (EU), a disabled parking permit allows partial or total exemption from charges or penalties associated with the parking of a motor vehicle used by a badge-holder, and shows entitlement to use of dedicated parking bays and off-street parking (where they are provided). The concession extends in some places to partial or total exemption from tolls or general prohibitions on where a vehicle can be driven. Council recommendation 98/376/EC<ref>{{CELEX|31998H0376|text=98/376/EC: Council Recommendation of 4 June 1998 on a parking card for people with disabilities}}</ref> recommended that member states issue parking permits adhering to the standardised Community model, and that the permit should be recognized in other member states. The recommendation has since been amended by Council recommendation 2008/205/EC.<ref>{{CELEX|32008H0205|text=Council Recommendation of 3 March 2008 adapting Recommendation 98/376/EC on a parking card for people with disabilities, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic}}</ref> The recommendations are extended to the [[European Economic Area]] (EEA) through incorporation into the EEA Agreement.<ref>{{CELEX|21999D1028(07)|text=Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 112/98 of 27 November 1998 amending Annex XIII (transport) to the EEA Agreement}}</ref>[[File:Miejsce parkingowe zarezerwowane dla osób niepełnosprawnych na parkingu osiedlowym w Tomaszowie Mazowieckim, grudzień 2018.jpg|thumb|Disabled parking place in [[Tomaszów Mazowiecki]], Poland]]Since 2000, all general disabled parking permits in the EU have been standardised to a common style and blue colour, leading to the officially-used designation "Blue Badge".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fahrlehrerverband-bw.de/05-Infos-FL/FPX/Texte/2001/fpx-01-01-Behinderten-a.htm|title=Neuer Parkausweis für Behinderte (English: New parking card for disabled|publisher=FAHRLEHRERVERBAND Baden-Württemberg e.V.|access-date=29 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eu-info.de/static/common/files/view/3731/Parkausweis%20Lnderinformation%20EN.pdf|title=Parking card for people with disabilities in the European Union: conditions in the member states|publisher=European Commission|access-date=29 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128074413/http://www.eu-info.de/enwiki/static/common/files/view/3731/Parkausweis%20Lnderinformation%20EN.pdf|archive-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A Blue Badge issued in one country of the EU is generally given equal recognition in others with various exceptions as described for the countries below. |
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Since 2000, all general disabled parking permits in the EU have been standardised to a common style and blue colour, leading to the officially-used designation "Blue Badge".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fahrlehrerverband-bw.de/05-Infos-FL/FPX/Texte/2001/fpx-01-01-Behinderten-a.htm|title=Neuer Parkausweis für Behinderte (English: New parking card for disabled|publisher=FAHRLEHRERVERBAND Baden-Württemberg e.V.|access-date=29 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eu-info.de/enwiki/static/common/files/view/3731/Parkausweis%20Lnderinformation%20EN.pdf|title=Parking card for people with disabilities in the European Union: conditions in the member states|publisher=European Commission|access-date=29 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128074413/http://www.eu-info.de/enwiki/static/common/files/view/3731/Parkausweis%20Lnderinformation%20EN.pdf|archive-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A Blue Badge issued in one country of the EU is generally given equal recognition in others with various exceptions as described for the countries below. |
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The privileges vary by area, but some include parking in no parking zones, extended time limit on time-limited parking areas, waived parking fees, and using pedestrian areas in urgent situations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parking card for people with disabilities in the European Union: conditions in the Member States|url=http://ec.europa.eu/justice/discrimination/files/parking_card_leaflet_en.pdf|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref> |
The privileges vary by area, but some include parking in no parking zones, extended time limit on time-limited parking areas, waived parking fees, and using pedestrian areas in urgent situations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parking card for people with disabilities in the European Union: conditions in the Member States|url=http://ec.europa.eu/justice/discrimination/files/parking_card_leaflet_en.pdf|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref> |
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===United Kingdom=== |
===United Kingdom=== |
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In the [[United Kingdom]], this scheme of permits was originally introduced (using Orange Badges) by the [[Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970]]. Badges are issued as a right if a person meets certain statutory requirements, most of which are associated with actually being in receipt of certain disability benefits from the national [[National Insurance|Social Security]] system; additionally, a local authority can make concessionary issues of badges to persons who have a permanent disability which does not fall directly within the more rigid statutory requirements but which seriously impairs their mobility. |
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[[Image:Disabled Parking Badge on Harley-Davidson.jpg|thumb|A UK "Blue Badge" Disabled Parking Permit in a custom permit holder for motorcycles, beside the license plate.]] |
[[Image:Disabled Parking Badge on Harley-Davidson.jpg|thumb|A UK "Blue Badge" Disabled Parking Permit in a custom permit holder for motorcycles, beside the license plate.]] |
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In the [[United Kingdom]], this scheme of permits was originally introduced (using Orange Badges) by the [[Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970]]. Badges are issued as a right if a person meets certain statutory requirements, most of which are associated with actually being in receipt of certain disability benefits from the national [[National Insurance|Social Security]] system; additionally, a local authority can make concessionary issues of badges to persons who have a permanent disability which does not fall directly within the more rigid statutory requirements but which seriously impairs their mobility. |
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[[Great Britain]]'s Blue Badge scheme does not apply to parking away from public roads and local authority car parks, with the general concessions often not recognised at ports, airports and railway stations unless the operators have provided voluntary parking privileges. |
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;General exceptions |
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The [[Great Britain]] Blue Badge scheme does not apply to parking away from public roads and local authority car parks, with the general concessions often not recognised at ports, airports and railway stations unless the operators have provided voluntary parking privileges. |
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Until 2010 Directgov provided a service that covered country-wide customised maps for Blue Badge Holders with different base colours reflecting councils' policies on Blue Badge parking.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bluebadge.direct.gov.uk |title=Directgov Blue Badge map |publisher=Directgov |access-date=19 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418200845/http://bluebadge.direct.gov.uk/ |archive-date=18 April 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> In addition to council policies this service also pinpointed the location of different features specific to disabled community. There are a few dedicated Blue Badge [[Satellite navigation|sat-navs]] available, mainly from the specialist company Navevo. Since the cessation of the directgov service maps have been provided by online services. |
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;Parking Maps |
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Until 2010 Directgov provided a service that covers country wide customised maps for Blue Badge Holders with different base colours reflecting councils policies on Blue Badge Holder's parking.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bluebadge.direct.gov.uk |title=Directgov Blue Badge map |publisher=Directgov |access-date=19 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418200845/http://bluebadge.direct.gov.uk/ |archive-date=18 April 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> In addition to council policies this service also pin pointed the location of different features specific to disabled community. There are a few dedicated Blue Badge sat-navs available, mainly from the specialist [[Global Positioning System|sat-nav]] company Navevo. See BBNav publicity for a likely list of integral features. |
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Some local authorities may use their own information and resources to help provide information for Blue Badges users. [[Nottingham City Council|Nottingham City]] uses a popular map base.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1Ezu-zqyycRsnT2XbH_R7u0_f6BU&hl=en_US&ll=52.96698779332266%2C-1.173127299999992&z=12|title=Nottingham City accessible spaces }}</ref> |
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Since the cessation of the directgov service maps have been provided by online services such as the [[crowd-sourced]] [http://www.bluebadgeparking.com BlueBadgeParking.com] which also provides free Sat-nav downloads. |
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Misuse and abuse of Blue Badges in the UK can incur fines of up to £1,000. Between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021, prosecutions for misuse of the blue badge scheme were supported by specific or general policies in 74% of local authorities (110 authorities) in England. Of those without a policy, 50% are planning on implementing one in the future. In England, there were 698 reported prosecutions in the year ending March 2021. A drop of 49% in prosecuted badges may have related to the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on citizen behaviour, local authority enforcement practices, and resources availability. In England, 4,396 badges in the year ending March 2021 were reported to be lost or stolen. Of these, 76% were reported to be lost, and 24% were stolen.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/blue-badge-scheme-statistics-2021/blue-badge-scheme-statistics-england-2021|title= Blue Badge scheme statistics, England: 2021| publisher= National Statistics}}</ref> |
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;Abuse |
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Abuse of Blue Badges in the UK can incur fines of up to £1,000. As of 2016, the Department for Transport found that 61 out of 152 authorities did not have a policy about prosecuting drivers fraudulently using Blue Badges. The number of prosecuted cases from 2015 is just under 1000.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sawer|first1=Patrick|title=Able-bodied motorists 'getting away' with disabled parking fraud|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/31/able-bodied-motorists-getting-away-disabled-parking-fraud/|access-date=13 February 2017|agency=The Telegraph|date=31 December 2016}}</ref> |
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==== England and Wales ==== |
==== England and Wales ==== |
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{{Main articles|Blue Badges in England}} |
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In [[England and Wales]], Blue Badge holders are required (unless signs show otherwise) to display a Disabled Person's [[Disc parking|Parking Disc]] ("Clock") showing the time the vehicle was first parked so that a time limit can be enforced. Badge holders from elsewhere in the European Union will need to obtain a Clock (obtainable from their Issuing Office in the UK) to validate their badge otherwise the vehicle will be treated as if no badge were displayed. |
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In [[England and Wales]], Blue Badge holders are required (unless signs show otherwise) to display a disabled person's [[Disc parking|parking disc]] ("clock"). When parking on yellow lines or in other places where there is a time restriction, a clock showing the time of arrival should be displayed. When parking on a no waiting restriction (yellow lines etc.) a maximum of three hours is permitted. The clock should be sent to together with the Blue Badge. If not, a clock can be obtained from the same council that issued the badge. |
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The time clock must be displayed on the vehicle's dashboard or facia panel, so that the time can be seen clearly through the front windscreen. The clock should be set to show the quarter hour period during which the car was parked. If there is no dashboard or facia panel in the vehicle, the clock must still be displayed in a place where it can be clearly read from outside the vehicle. |
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Badge holders from the [[European Union]] will need to obtain a clock (obtainable from their issuing office in the UK) to validate their badge otherwise the vehicle will be treated as if no badge were displayed. |
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;Local differences in parking rules |
;Local differences in parking rules |
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==== Scotland ==== |
==== Scotland ==== |
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In [[Scotland]], a local authority Parking Attendant (in addition to police and traffic wardens) has the power to inspect a Blue Badge; failure to allow this inspection is an offence. There are also proposals to extend the issue of badges to small children and a wider range of (temporarily or permanently) disabled people. |
In [[Scotland]], a local authority Parking Attendant (in addition to police and traffic wardens) has the power to inspect a Blue Badge; failure to allow this inspection is an offence. There are also proposals to extend the issue of badges to small children and a wider range of (temporarily or permanently) disabled people. |
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== America == |
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===United States=== |
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[[Image:2008-07-30 Misoriented manhole cover in a handicapped parking space at UNC.jpg|thumb|Accessible parking space at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]] in [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]]]] |
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In the United States, reserved spaces are mandated by the [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|Americans with Disabilities Act]] Accessibility Guidelines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-the-ada-standards/background/adaag#4.6 |title=4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading Zones |work=ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) |publisher=United States Access Board |access-date=14 December 2016}}</ref> |
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'''Disabled placards'''[[File:Disabled parking permit hanging placard, Minnesota.jpg|thumb|right|Minnesota permanent placard]] |
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The following table, current as of 2020, shows the state agency responsible for issuing disabled parking placards, expiration of permanent/temporary placards, fees (if applicable), and supplementary notes. |
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{| class="sortable wikitable" |
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|- |
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! width="18%" | State agency |
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! Expiration of permanent placards |
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! Expiration of temporary placards |
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! Fees |
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! Notes |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Alabama}} [[Alabama Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
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| 5 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Alaska}} [[Alaska Department of Administration|Department of Administration]] |
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| 5 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Arizona}} [[Arizona Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] (ADOT) |
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| None |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| Previously permanent handicap placards expired after 5 years but as of April 2019, these placards do not expire after the passage of a new state law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.12news.com/article/news/local/arizona/permanent-disability-placards-no-longer-require-renewals/75-b92094eb-e24c-4fdd-94a9-e3b94f6a6fd8|title= Permanent disability placards no longer require renewals|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Arkansas}} [[Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration|Department of Finance and Administration]] |
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| 4 years |
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| 3 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|California}} [[California Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
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| 2 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost for permanent; $6 for temporary |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Colorado}} [[Colorado Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
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| 3 years |
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| 3 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Connecticut}} [[Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
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| Expires at the same time as drivers license/ID card |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost for permanent; $5 for temporary |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|District of Columbia}} [[District of Columbia Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
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| Expires at the same time as drivers license/ID card |
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| At doctor's discretion |
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| No cost |
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| Expiration of temporary permits is determined by length of time doctor puts on application |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Delaware}} [[Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles|Division of Motor Vehicles]] |
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| 3 years |
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| 3 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Florida}} [[Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles|Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles]] |
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| 4 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost for permanent; $15 for temporary |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flagcountry|Georgia (US state)}} [[Georgia Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
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| 4 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii Disability and Communication Access Board|Disability and Communication Access Board]] |
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| 6 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost for permanent; $12 for temporary |
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| Hawaii has delegated issuance of disabled permits to the [[City and County of Honolulu]], as well as the counties of [[Hawaii County, Hawaii|Hawaii]], [[Kauai County, Hawaii|Kauai]] and [[Maui County, Hawaii|Maui]]. |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Idaho}} [[Idaho Transportation Department|Transportation Department]] |
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| None |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Illinois}} [[Illinois Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] |
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| None |
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| Varies (see notes) |
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| No cost |
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| Temporary permits expire after 3 months if issued by local municipality or 6 months if issued by the Secretary of State. |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Indiana}} [[Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles|Bureau of Motor Vehicles]] |
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| None |
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| Varies (see notes) |
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| No cost for permanent; $5 for temporary |
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| Temporary permits expire either after date given by doctor on application or 1 year (whichever is shorter). |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Iowa}} [[Iowa Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
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| 5 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Kansas}} [[Kansas Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
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| 5 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Kentucky}} [[Kentucky Transportation Cabinet|Transportation Cabinet]] |
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| 6 years |
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| 3 months |
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| No cost |
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| Renewals or replacement of lost or stolen placards cost $10.<ref>{{cite web|last=Latek|first=Tom|url=https://kentuckytoday.com/stories/new-law-changing-handicap-parking-placards,14437|title=New law changing handicap parking placards effective Sept. 17|publisher=Kentucky Today|date= 27 July 2018|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles|Office of Motor Vehicles]] |
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| 4 years |
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| 1 year |
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| $3 |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Maine}} [[Maine Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] |
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| 4 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Maryland}} [[Maryland Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
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| None |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Massachusetts}} [[Massachusetts Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
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| 5 years |
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| At doctor's discretion |
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| No cost |
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| Expiration of temporary permits is determined by length of time doctor puts on application |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Michigan}} [[Michigan Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] |
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| 4 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| Renewals or replacement of lost or stolen placards cost $10. |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota Department of Public Safety|Department of Public Safety]] |
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| 6 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost for permanent; $5 for temporary |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Mississippi}} [[Mississippi Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
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| 5 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Missouri}} [[Missouri Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
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| 4 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost for permanent; $2 for temporary |
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| |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Montana}} [[Montana Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] |
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| 3 years |
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| 6 months |
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| No cost |
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| Permanent placards issued prior to October 1993 do not require renewal. |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Nebraska}} [[Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
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| 6 years |
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| Varies (see notes) |
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| No cost |
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| Temporary placards expire after either 3 or 6 months as determined by doctor's discretion |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Nevada}} [[Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 10 years |
|||
| Varies (see notes) |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Temporary placards in Nevada come in two varieties: ''temporary'' (valid for 6 months) and ''moderate'' (valid for up to 2 years) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New Hampshire}} [[New Hampshire Department of Safety|Department of Safety]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Permanent placards expire at the same time as drivers license or ID card, so first placard may expire in less than 5 years but subsequent placards will expire in 5 years. |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New Jersey}} [[New Jersey Motor Vehicles Commission|Motor Vehicles Commission]] |
|||
| 3 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $4 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New Mexico}} [[New Mexico Motor Vehicles Department|Motor Vehicles Department]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 12 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New York}} [[New York State Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| See notes |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Permanent placards expire at the discretion of the issuing agency (village, town, city). |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| $5 each for permanent and temporary (limited to 2 placards) |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|North Dakota}} [[North Dakota Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 3 years |
|||
| 3 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $3 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Ohio}} [[Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles|Bureau of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| $5 for permanent and temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Oregon}} [[Oregon Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 8 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] (PennDOT) |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Rhode Island}} [[Rhode Island Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 3+ years |
|||
| Varies (see notes) |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| In Rhode Island, temporary placards come in two varieties: ''temporary'' (valid up to 12 months) and ''long-term'' (valid from 1-3 years) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 12 months |
|||
| $1 for permanent and temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|South Dakota}} [[South Dakota Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 12 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 2 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| $26.50 and $3 renewal for permanent and $10 and $10 renewal for temporary |
|||
| No charge for permanent placard if vehicle registration is in applicant's name, however $3 renewal charge still applies; $2 charge for replacement placards |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Texas}} [[Texas Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $5 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Utah}} [[Utah State Tax Commission|State Tax Commission]] |
|||
| 2 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Vermont}} [[Vermont Agency of Transportation|Agency of Transportation]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Virginia}} [[Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| $5 for permanent and temporary |
|||
| $5 for replacement placards |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Washington}} [[Washington Department of Licensing|Department of Licensing]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 12 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|West Virginia}} [[West Virginia Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] (WisDOT) |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $6 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Wyoming}} [[Wyoming Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] (WYDOT) |
|||
| 10 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
'''Disabled plates'''[[File:1998 Alabama license plate Disabled.jpg|thumb|right|Alabama disabled plate]] |
|||
The following table, current as of 2020, shows the state agency responsible for issuing disabled plates, length of validity of registration for plates and/or any renewal requirements (if applicable), fees (either regular automotive registration fees and/or any fees charged beyond regular automotive registration fees), fee amounts if assessed beyond regular automotive registration fees (if applicable), and supplementary notes. |
|||
{| class="sortable wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! width="18%" | State agency |
|||
! Length of validity on plates |
|||
! Fees |
|||
! Additional fees beyond regular registration? |
|||
! Notes |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Alabama}} [[Alabama Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 5 years renewal |
|||
| $23-105, depending on type of vehicle registered |
|||
| N/A |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Alaska}} [[Alaska Department of Administration|Department of Administration]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| No cost (see notes) |
|||
| N/A |
|||
| First set of plates is free, but additional set of plates (or commercial plates) cost $100 in registration fees plus applicable motor vehicle registration taxes. |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Arizona}} [[Arizona Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] (ADOT) |
|||
| Valid as long as renewed regularly (either 1 or 2 years depending on driver's choice) |
|||
| Payment of regular registration fees |
|||
| N/A |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Arkansas}} [[Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration|Department of Finance and Administration]] |
|||
| 1 year |
|||
| Payment of regular registration fees |
|||
| N/A |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|California}} [[California Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| Valid as long as renewed regularly |
|||
| Payment of regular registration fees |
|||
| N/A |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Colorado}} [[Colorado Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 3 years |
|||
| 3 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Connecticut}} [[Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| Expires at the same time as drivers license/ID card |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $5 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|District of Columbia}} [[District of Columbia Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| Expires at the same time as drivers license/ID card |
|||
| At doctor's discretion |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Expiration of temporary permits is determined by length of time doctor puts on application |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Delaware}} [[Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles|Division of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 3 years |
|||
| 3 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Florida}} [[Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles|Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $15 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Georgia (US state)}} [[Georgia Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii Disability and Communication Access Board|Disability and Communication Access Board]] |
|||
| 6 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $12 for temporary |
|||
| Hawaii has delegated issuance of disabled permits to the [[City and County of Honolulu]], as well as the counties of [[Hawaii County, Hawaii|Hawaii]], [[Kauai County, Hawaii|Kauai]] and [[Maui County, Hawaii|Maui]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Idaho}} [[Idaho Transportation Department|Transportation Department]] |
|||
| None |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Illinois}} [[Illinois Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] |
|||
| None |
|||
| Varies (see notes) |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Temporary permits expire after 3 months if issued by local municipality or 6 months if issued by the Secretary of State. |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Indiana}} [[Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles|Bureau of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| None |
|||
| Varies (see notes) |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $5 for temporary |
|||
| Temporary permits expire either after date given by doctor on application or 1 year (whichever is shorter). |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Iowa}} [[Iowa Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Kansas}} [[Kansas Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Kentucky}} [[Kentucky Transportation Cabinet|Transportation Cabinet]] |
|||
| 6 years |
|||
| 3 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Renewals or replacement of lost or stolen placards cost $10.<ref>{{cite web|last=Latek|first=Tom|url=https://kentuckytoday.com/stories/new-law-changing-handicap-parking-placards,14437|title=New law changing handicap parking placards effective Sept. 17|publisher=Kentucky Today|date= 27 July 2018|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles|Office of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 1 year |
|||
| $3 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Maine}} [[Maine Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Maryland}} [[Maryland Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| None |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Massachusetts}} [[Massachusetts Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| At doctor's discretion |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Expiration of temporary permits is determined by length of time doctor puts on application |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Michigan}} [[Michigan Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Renewals or replacement of lost or stolen placards cost $10. |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota Department of Public Safety|Department of Public Safety]] |
|||
| 6 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $5 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Mississippi}} [[Mississippi Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Missouri}} [[Missouri Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $2 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Montana}} [[Montana Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] |
|||
| 3 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Permanent placards issued prior to October 1993 do not require renewal. |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Nebraska}} [[Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 6 years |
|||
| Varies (see notes) |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Temporary placards expire after either 3 or 6 months as determined by doctor's discretion |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Nevada}} [[Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 10 years |
|||
| Varies (see notes) |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Temporary placards in Nevada come in two varieties: ''temporary'' (valid for 6 months) and ''moderate'' (valid for up to 2 years) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New Hampshire}} [[New Hampshire Department of Safety|Department of Safety]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Permanent placards expire at the same time as drivers license or ID card, so first placard may expire in less than 5 years but subsequent placards will expire in 5 years. |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New Jersey}} [[New Jersey Motor Vehicles Commission|Motor Vehicles Commission]] |
|||
| 3 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $4 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New Mexico}} [[New Mexico Motor Vehicles Department|Motor Vehicles Department]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 12 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New York}} [[New York State Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| See notes |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| Permanent placards expire at the discretion of the issuing agency (village, town, city). |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| $5 each for permanent and temporary (limited to 2 placards) |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|North Dakota}} [[North Dakota Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 3 years |
|||
| 3 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $3 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Ohio}} [[Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles|Bureau of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| $5 for permanent and temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Oregon}} [[Oregon Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 8 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] (PennDOT) |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Rhode Island}} [[Rhode Island Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 3+ years |
|||
| Varies (see notes) |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| In Rhode Island, temporary placards come in two varieties: ''temporary'' (valid up to 12 months) and ''long-term'' (valid from 1-3 years) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 12 months |
|||
| $1 for permanent and temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|South Dakota}} [[South Dakota Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 12 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee Department of Revenue|Department of Revenue]] |
|||
| 2 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| $26.50 and $3 renewal for permanent and $10 and $10 renewal for temporary |
|||
| No charge for permanent placard if vehicle registration is in applicant's name, however $3 renewal charge still applies; $2 charge for replacement placards |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Texas}} [[Texas Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $5 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Utah}} [[Utah State Tax Commission|State Tax Commission]] |
|||
| 2 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Vermont}} [[Vermont Agency of Transportation|Agency of Transportation]] |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Virginia}} [[Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles|Department of Motor Vehicles]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| $5 for permanent and temporary |
|||
| $5 for replacement placards |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Washington}} [[Washington Department of Licensing|Department of Licensing]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 12 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|West Virginia}} [[West Virginia Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] |
|||
| 5 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] (WisDOT) |
|||
| 4 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost for permanent; $6 for temporary |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Wyoming}} [[Wyoming Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] (WYDOT) |
|||
| 10 years |
|||
| 6 months |
|||
| No cost |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
'''Disabled parking space requirements'''[[Image:HCSign3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Indicates parking is restricted to users with handicapped tag (plate) or placard]] |
|||
According to the Americans With Disabilities Act Handbook, "Accessible parking spaces should be at least 96 in (2440 mm) wide. Parking access aisles shall be part of an accessible route to the building or facility entrance..."<ref>{{cite book | last1 = U.S. Department of Justice | title = Americans with Disabilities Act Handbook | publisher = Equal Opportunity Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice | date = October 1991 | pages = 25 }}</ref> |
|||
[[Image:2002 Virginia license plate SAM 123 handicapped.png|right|thumb|Example of a disability license plate (Virginia plate shown)]] |
|||
[[Image:Handicapp.jpg|right|thumb|A temporary disability placard, usually issued to someone with a temporary disability (Maryland placard shown).]] |
|||
Disabled parking permits generally take the form of either specially marked license plates or a placard that hangs from the rear-view mirror. Plates are generally used for disabled drivers on their personal vehicle, while the portable disability placard can be moved from one vehicle to another with the disabled person, both when driving or when riding with another driver. |
|||
The medical requirements to obtain a permit vary by state, but are usually confined to specific types of disabilities or conditions. These as a general rule include the use of any assistive device such as a wheelchair, crutches, or cane, as well as a missing leg or foot. Some states also include certain cardiovascular, pain, or respiratory conditions. About half of US states (26) include blindness as a qualifying disability enabling the person to obtain a disability parking permit for use as a passenger, and 14 states include a disabled hand as a qualifying disability. Four states include deafness (Georgia, Kentucky, Virginia, Wyoming), and two states (Virginia and New York) include mental illness or [[Autism|developmental disabilities]] as qualifying disabilities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/pdf/med10.pdf |title=Disabled Parking Placards or License Plates Application|publisher=Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles|access-date=19 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dmv.ny.gov/forms/mv6641.pdf|title=Application for a Parking Permit or License Plates, for Persons with Severe Disabilities|publisher=New York State Department of Motor Vehicles|access-date=19 December 2009}}</ref> |
|||
Disability parking placards come in various colors with the significance varying from state to state. The most common are red for temporary placards and blue for permanent ones. |
|||
The availability of specially reserved parking spaces is regulated by both federal and state laws. Generally at least one space is available at any public parking location, with more being required based on the size of the parking lot and in some cases the type of location, such as a health care facility. Parking spaces reserved for disabled people are typically marked with the [[International Symbol of Access]], though in practice, the design of the symbol varies widely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.youcantparkhere.com|title=www.youcantparkhere.com (A gallery of accessible parking symbols)|access-date=19 December 2009}}</ref> Often, the parking space is delineated with blue lines instead of the white or yellow lines used elsewhere in the lot. Anyone parking in such reserved spaces must have their disability plate or mirror placard displayed, or else the car can be ticketed for illegal parking. In some major US cities, local law also allows such vehicles to park for free at city parking meters and also exempts from time limits on time parked. In the US states of [[California]], [[Illinois]], [[Maryland]], [[Massachusetts]], [[South Carolina]], [[Texas]], [[Utah]], and [[Virginia]], holders of a Disabled parking permit are exempt from parking meter fees (in Illinois, only disabled drivers who meet specific criteria are eligible for free parking). In some states (including Virginia) accessible-designated parking meters exist, which, unless the permit holder is exempt, must be paid at the same rate as non-designated meters. One will also be subject to receiving a violation ticket if a valid disability license plate or placard is not displayed on the vehicle. Fraudulent use of another person's placard is heavily fined. |
|||
If traveling from other countries, requirements to obtain a parking permit vary from state to state. Some states will honour other country permits, while others require application as a visitor/tourist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.usembassy.gov/disabled-parking-permits-visitors-u-s/ |title=Disabled Parking Permits For Visitors to the United States|publisher=U.S. Department of State |access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref> |
|||
Canada's provinces will honor a US state issued disabled plate or placard since US states will honor Canadian disabled plates and placards. |
|||
In all types of dwellings, United States federal law states that it is unlawful and discriminatory to refuse services that may assist in making reasonable accommodations for those with disabilities. This includes any services or facilities that are necessary in order for the occupant to inhabit their dwelling as deemed standard.<ref>https://www.tcpalm.com/story/money/real-estate/2017/07/30/condo-associations-required-allocate-handicap-parking/486490001/</ref><ref>https://cooperator.com/article/qa-parking-spaces-for-the-disabled</ref> |
|||
'''New York City''' |
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Disabled drivers from outside New York City who possess state-issued disability parking permits have claimed illegal discrimination and civil rights violations on the part of New York City. In 1991 a disabled elderly man from New Jersey was issued a ticket while parking in Brooklyn while displaying his New Jersey-issued disability parking placard.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/05/sports/new-york-urged-to-broaden-handicapped-parking-rights.html | work=The New York Times | first=Robert | last=Hanley | title=New York Urged to Broaden Handicapped-Parking Rights | date=5 June 1991}}</ref> In 1997 a woman with [[multiple sclerosis]] using a wheelchair was similarly issued a ticket while parking in New York City for displaying a non-NYC issued disability parking placard.<ref>{{cite news|title=ENCOUNTERING THE WOODEN HEART OF LITTLE OLD N.Y.|work=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|date=5 December 1997|first=Jeffrey|last=Page}}</ref> Both drivers maintain that failure to recognize non-NYC disability parking placards is a violation of their civil rights. |
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The city does recognize valid placards from other jurisdictions for marked disabled parking spaces, all of which are in off-street lots.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/permits/pppdinfo.shtml#nyc_permit|title=NYC DOT|work=nyc.gov}}</ref> |
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'''Integration with electric vehicle charging''' |
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In California alone, there are over 27,000 Plug in Electric Vehicles (PEV) with about 2,000 being added every month. While most PEV charging is done at home, the public charging infrastructure is also expanding, with 6218 public charging stations as of July 2013.<ref>[http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_locations.html Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations]</ref> Although the number of PEVs is still a small portion of the cars on the road, and the number of PEVs with Handicap placards is much smaller still, the needs of handicap PEV drivers must be integrated with public charging spaces. Guidelines are that 1 in 25 PEV Charging Stations be made ADA space compliant.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/dsa/pubs/ac_policies.pdf |title = Interim Disabled Access Guidelines for 97-03 Electrical Vehicle Charging Stations }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Although not intuitively obvious, it's important to recognize that a PEV charging station is not parking space, rather a charging service, in the same manner that gas station fill up spots are not parking spaces. Electric vehicle charging stations that meet the ADA space requirements are not to be reserved exclusively for the use of persons with disabilities,<ref>{{cite web|title = State of California Governor's Office of Planning and Research, Plug-In Electric Vehicles: Universal Charging Access Guidelines and Best Practices | url = http://opr.ca.gov/docs/PEV_Access_Guidelines.pdf}}</ref> they are shared by any PEV needing to charge. Further more any PEV charging space, ADA space compliant or not, cannot be used by non-PEV vehicles, including those with handicap placards. Recommended signage, along with common courtesy, ask that ADA space compliant charging stations are to be used last. |
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'''Abuse'''[[Image:Disabled parking place.jpg|thumb|An example of a disabled parking place.]] |
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The abuse and misuse of disabled parking permits has been identified as a major problem in the US, with some estimates indicating the majority seen on the street are used or obtained fraudulently.<ref>{{Cite web | last = Shoup | first = Donald | title = Ending the Abuse of Disabled Parking Placards | url = http://www.uctc.net/access/39/access39_almanac.pdf | access-date = 4 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140724115905/http://www.uctc.net/access/39/access39_almanac.pdf | archive-date = 24 July 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The substantial privilege and convenience granted by a permit provides a major incentive to use one illegally or obtain one fraudulently, and [[medical privacy]] law often confounds attempts to identify truly disabled individuals from abuses. In 1999, for example, 19 of UCLA's current and former football players were charged with abuse of disabled parking placards.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Peters|first1=Justin|title=Handicapped-Parking Fraud Is Just About the Jerkiest Crime Imaginable|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/crime/2013/08/27/handicapped_parking_fraud_just_about_the_jerkiest_crime_imaginable.html|website=Slate|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Berthelsen|first1=Christian|title=College Football; 9 Enter Pleas in U.C.L.A. Parking Case|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/29/sports/college-football-9-enter-pleas-in-ucla-parking-case.html|access-date=13 February 2017|agency=The New York Times|date=29 July 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wharton|first1=David|title=Five More Charged in Parking Scandal|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1999/sep/14/sports/sp-9988|access-date=13 February 2017|agency=Los Angeles Times|date=14 September 1999}}</ref> In 2013 a news program in Los Angeles filmed people using disabled parking placards outside a health club, including one of the health club's celebrity instructors and young adults with the placard of a 77-year-old.<ref>{{cite news | title = CBS2 Investigation Looks Into Use of Disabled Parking Placards | url = http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2013/01/31/cbs2-investigation-reveals-rampant-fraud-in-use-of-disabled-parking-placards/ | publisher = [[KCBS-TV|CBS2 Los Angeles]] | date = 31 January 2013 }}</ref> |
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Abuse occurs under the following circumstances: |
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* A non-disabled driver using the vehicle, plate or placard of another person who is disabled without transporting that person. This often occurs with family members of disabled people.<ref name="latimes">{{Cite web | title = California DMV cracks down on misuse of disability parking placards | last = Chirbas | first = Kurt | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 29 July 2015 | access-date = 27 February 2017 | url = https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-pol-placards-20150730-story.html }}</ref> |
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* Using an illegally purchased placard that originally was issued to another person.<ref name="latimes" /> |
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* Forging a physician's signature on the form submitted to the motor vehicle department.<ref name="12ne_Oneo">{{Cite web | title = One out of every 8 California drivers now has a disabled parking placard | author = TEGNA | work = KPNX | access-date = 27 February 2017 | url = http://www.12news.com/news/one-out-of-every-8-california-drivers-now-has-a-disabled-parking-placard/121303833 | quote = They also charged some drivers with fraud after they discovered forged doctor signatures on applications. }}</ref> |
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* Feigning or exaggerating symptoms of a medical condition in order to convince a physician to submit the form. |
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A related issue is physician approval of permits for medical conditions that do not actually qualify under that jurisdiction's requirements. Often this is simply an error on the physician's part due to not fully understanding the law. A common example is cognitive, psychiatric, or developmental conditions (such as [[autism]]), which in all but two states do not qualify for a permit. Such permits are still legal and valid, and most recipients honestly believe they have a qualifying disability. The result is far more permits than existing parking spaces can usually support, which often leaves more severely disabled individuals without a place to park.<ref>{{Cite web | title = California DMV cracks down on misuse of disability parking placards | last = Chirbas | first = Kurt | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 29 July 2015 | access-date = 27 February 2017 | url = https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-pol-placards-20150730-story.html | quote = "It brings to mind there are doctors out there who might be over-prescribing," said R. Michael Paravagna, a member of the Commission on Disability Access. "Maybe they are handing them out like candy." }}</ref> |
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Disabled persons who hold parking permits but have [[invisible disability|invisible disabilities]] may be difficult to tell apart from fraudulent permit users.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bernstein|first1=Sharon|title=Handicap That Allows Parking Isn't Always Obvious|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2003/may/06/local/me-wheel6|access-date=13 February 2017|agency=Los Angeles Times|date=6 May 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ayres|first1=Ian|title=How Can We Stop Handicap Fraud?|url=http://freakonomics.com/2011/01/10/how-can-we-stop-handicap-fraud/|website=Freakonomics|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> On occasion, suspicion of fraud has led to hostility against legitimate permit holders.<ref>{{Cite web | last = Invisible Disabilities Association | title = Looks Can be Deceiving | url = http://www.invisibledisabilities.org/educate/invisibleawareness/lookscanbedeceiving/ | year = 2004 | access-date = 30 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Cline|first1=Katie|title=People with invisible disabilities face discrimination while using parking passes|url=http://www.redandblack.com/views/people-with-invisible-disabilities-face-discrimination-while-using-parking-passes/article_6a0424ba-8500-11e5-8397-e7245d3dcf2b.html|website=The Red & Black|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Fleshler|first1=David|title=Parking lot vigilantes abuse woman with 'invisible' disability|url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-disabled-tag-20150102-story.html|website=Sun Sentinel|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> |
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==Oceania== |
==Oceania== |
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===Australia=== |
===Australia=== |
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In Australia, disabled parking permits are provided under the Australian Disability Parking Scheme,<ref name="scheme">{{cite web|url=https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/disability-and-carers/programmes-services/for-people-with-disability/australian-disability-parking-scheme|title=Australian Disability Parking Scheme|publisher=[[Government of Australia]]|access-date=18 September 2018}}</ref> which was established in September 2010 to harmonise disability permits across Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/usingroads/mobilityparking/index.html|title=Mobility Parking Scheme|publisher=[[Roads |
In Australia, disabled parking permits are provided under the Australian Disability Parking Scheme,<ref name="scheme">{{cite web|url=https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/disability-and-carers/programmes-services/for-people-with-disability/australian-disability-parking-scheme|title=Australian Disability Parking Scheme|publisher=[[Government of Australia]]|access-date=18 September 2018}}</ref> which was established in September 2010 to harmonise disability permits across Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/usingroads/mobilityparking/index.html|title=Mobility Parking Scheme|publisher=[[Roads & Maritime Services]]|access-date=10 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630041022/http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/usingroads/mobilityparking/index.html|archive-date=30 June 2012}}</ref> Disabled parking permits are applied for through state and territory organisations, and rules for eligibility differ among jurisdictions.<ref name="scheme" /> If someone else parks in a disabled zone, they will be fined by either police or the council. |
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==See also == |
==See also == |
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Latest revision as of 18:33, 5 November 2024
 | This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. (January 2022) |
A disabled parking permit, also known as a disabled badge, disabled placard, handicapped permit, handicapped placard, handicapped tag, and "Blue Badge" in the European Union, is a permit that is displayed upon parking a vehicle. It gives the operator of a vehicle permission to special privileges regarding the parking of that vehicle. These privileges include parking in a space reserved for persons with disabilities, or, in some situations, permission to park in a time-limited space for a longer time, or to park at a meter without payment.
Reciprocal recognition
[edit]Member Countries of the International Transport Forum, an inter-governmental organisation within the OECD, would from 1978 grant the same parking concessions to people with disabilities as they offered their own nationals.
The Resolution was updated and extended in 1997 by "Resolution no. 97/4 on Reciprocal Recognition of Parking Badges for Persons with Mobility Handicaps", and now applies to ITF member states as well as Associated Countries. The condition is the display of a badge showing the international wheelchair symbol.[1]
The International Transport Forum was called the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) between 1953 and 2007.
North America
[edit]United States
[edit]
In the United States, reserved spaces are mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines.[2] Disabled parking permits generally take the form of either specially marked license plates or a placard that hangs from the rear-view mirror. Plates are generally used for disabled drivers on their personal vehicle, while the portable disability placard can be moved from one vehicle to another with the disabled person, both when driving or when riding with another driver.
The medical requirements to obtain a permit vary by state, but are usually confined to specific types of disabilities. These as a general rule include the use of any assistive device such as a wheelchair, crutches, or cane, as well as a missing leg or foot. Some states also include certain cardiovascular, pain, or respiratory conditions. About half of US states (26) include blindness as a qualifying disability enabling the person to obtain a disability parking permit for use as a passenger, and 14 states include a disabled hand as a qualifying disability. Four states include deafness (Georgia, Kentucky, Virginia, Wyoming), and two states (Virginia and New York) include mental illness or developmental disabilities as qualifying disabilities.[3][4]
Europe
[edit]European Union / European Economic Area
[edit]
In the European Union (EU), a disabled parking permit allows partial or total exemption from charges or penalties associated with the parking of a motor vehicle used by a badge-holder, and shows entitlement to use of dedicated parking bays and off-street parking (where they are provided). The concession extends in some places to partial or total exemption from tolls or general prohibitions on where a vehicle can be driven. Council recommendation 98/376/EC[5] recommended that member states issue parking permits adhering to the standardised Community model, and that the permit should be recognized in other member states. The recommendation has since been amended by Council recommendation 2008/205/EC.[6] The recommendations are extended to the European Economic Area (EEA) through incorporation into the EEA Agreement.[7]
Since 2000, all general disabled parking permits in the EU have been standardised to a common style and blue colour, leading to the officially-used designation "Blue Badge".[8][9] A Blue Badge issued in one country of the EU is generally given equal recognition in others with various exceptions as described for the countries below.
The privileges vary by area, but some include parking in no parking zones, extended time limit on time-limited parking areas, waived parking fees, and using pedestrian areas in urgent situations.[10]
United Kingdom
[edit]In the United Kingdom, this scheme of permits was originally introduced (using Orange Badges) by the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970. Badges are issued as a right if a person meets certain statutory requirements, most of which are associated with actually being in receipt of certain disability benefits from the national Social Security system; additionally, a local authority can make concessionary issues of badges to persons who have a permanent disability which does not fall directly within the more rigid statutory requirements but which seriously impairs their mobility.
Great Britain's Blue Badge scheme does not apply to parking away from public roads and local authority car parks, with the general concessions often not recognised at ports, airports and railway stations unless the operators have provided voluntary parking privileges.
Until 2010 Directgov provided a service that covered country-wide customised maps for Blue Badge Holders with different base colours reflecting councils' policies on Blue Badge parking.[11] In addition to council policies this service also pinpointed the location of different features specific to disabled community. There are a few dedicated Blue Badge sat-navs available, mainly from the specialist company Navevo. Since the cessation of the directgov service maps have been provided by online services.
Some local authorities may use their own information and resources to help provide information for Blue Badges users. Nottingham City uses a popular map base.[12]
Misuse and abuse of Blue Badges in the UK can incur fines of up to £1,000. Between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021, prosecutions for misuse of the blue badge scheme were supported by specific or general policies in 74% of local authorities (110 authorities) in England. Of those without a policy, 50% are planning on implementing one in the future. In England, there were 698 reported prosecutions in the year ending March 2021. A drop of 49% in prosecuted badges may have related to the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on citizen behaviour, local authority enforcement practices, and resources availability. In England, 4,396 badges in the year ending March 2021 were reported to be lost or stolen. Of these, 76% were reported to be lost, and 24% were stolen.[13]
England and Wales
[edit]In England and Wales, Blue Badge holders are required (unless signs show otherwise) to display a disabled person's parking disc ("clock"). When parking on yellow lines or in other places where there is a time restriction, a clock showing the time of arrival should be displayed. When parking on a no waiting restriction (yellow lines etc.) a maximum of three hours is permitted. The clock should be sent to together with the Blue Badge. If not, a clock can be obtained from the same council that issued the badge.
The time clock must be displayed on the vehicle's dashboard or facia panel, so that the time can be seen clearly through the front windscreen. The clock should be set to show the quarter hour period during which the car was parked. If there is no dashboard or facia panel in the vehicle, the clock must still be displayed in a place where it can be clearly read from outside the vehicle.
Badge holders from the European Union will need to obtain a clock (obtainable from their issuing office in the UK) to validate their badge otherwise the vehicle will be treated as if no badge were displayed.
- Local differences in parking rules
In London, the volume of traffic has led to restrictions upon the national scheme in some areas with local colour schemes used to restrict standard concessions to local residents, for example the permits are green in Camden, white in Westminster, purple in Kensington and Chelsea, and red in the City of London. In these cities and boroughs special rules and parking spaces are provided for Blue Badge holders.
Similar local schemes operate in other large towns or cities in the UK, for example Norwich operates a 'green badge scheme'.
Northern Ireland
[edit]The standard scheme only generally applies to on-street parking and is outlined on the Roads Service Northern Ireland website.[14] A "White Badge" is required for access to Pedestrian Zones.
Scotland
[edit]In Scotland, a local authority Parking Attendant (in addition to police and traffic wardens) has the power to inspect a Blue Badge; failure to allow this inspection is an offence. There are also proposals to extend the issue of badges to small children and a wider range of (temporarily or permanently) disabled people.
Oceania
[edit]Australia
[edit]In Australia, disabled parking permits are provided under the Australian Disability Parking Scheme,[15] which was established in September 2010 to harmonise disability permits across Australia.[16] Disabled parking permits are applied for through state and territory organisations, and rules for eligibility differ among jurisdictions.[15] If someone else parks in a disabled zone, they will be fined by either police or the council.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Marian (12 July 2017). "Reciprocal Recognition of Parking Badges". ITF. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ "4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading Zones". ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG). United States Access Board. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "Disabled Parking Placards or License Plates Application" (PDF). Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
- ^ "Application for a Parking Permit or License Plates, for Persons with Severe Disabilities" (PDF). New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
- ^ 98/376/EC: Council Recommendation of 4 June 1998 on a parking card for people with disabilities
- ^ Council Recommendation of 3 March 2008 adapting Recommendation 98/376/EC on a parking card for people with disabilities, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic
- ^ Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 112/98 of 27 November 1998 amending Annex XIII (transport) to the EEA Agreement
- ^ "Neuer Parkausweis für Behinderte (English: New parking card for disabled". FAHRLEHRERVERBAND Baden-Württemberg e.V. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
- ^ "Parking card for people with disabilities in the European Union: conditions in the member states" (PDF). European Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
- ^ "Parking card for people with disabilities in the European Union: conditions in the Member States" (PDF). ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "Directgov Blue Badge map". Directgov. Archived from the original on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
- ^ "Nottingham City accessible spaces".
- ^ "Blue Badge scheme statistics, England: 2021". National Statistics.
- ^ "Disabled Persons Badge Scheme for Northern Ireland". Roads Service Northern Ireland. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
- ^ a b "Australian Disability Parking Scheme". Government of Australia. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
- ^ "Mobility Parking Scheme". Roads & Maritime Services. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Disabled parking permit.
- BlueBadgeParking.com—a worldwide, crowd-sourced map of disabled parking locations with SatNav downloads]
- Federation Internationale de l'Automobile—information about disabled parking schemes around the world