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{{Short description|Annual international music festival in Chile}}
{{Short description|Annual international music festival in Chile}}
{{Infobox music festival
{{Infobox music festival
| name =Viña del Mar International Song by EPMC
| name = Viña del Mar International Song Festival
⚫
| image = [[File:Apertura del Festival de Viña 2010.jpg|250px]]
Contest or Viña del Mar International Song Festival<br>{{lang-es|Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar}}
| caption = Overture to the closing night of LI Viña del Mar International Song Festival (2010)
⚫
| image =[[File:Apertura del Festival de Viña 2010.jpg|250px]]
| caption =Overture to the closing night of LI Viña del Mar International Song Festival (2010)
| location = [[Viña del Mar]], [[Chile]]
⚫
| years_active = 1960-present
| location =[[Viña del Mar]], [[Chile]]
⚫
| years_active =1960-present
| founders =
| founders =
| dates =3rd week of February
| dates = 3rd week of February
| genre =Various
| genre = Various
| attendance =
| attendance =
| capacity =15,000
| capacity = 15,000
| website =[http://www.vinadelmarchile.cl/index.html Viña del Mar city website]
| website = [http://www.vinadelmarchile.cl/index.html Viña del Mar city website]
}}
}}
The '''Viña del Mar International Song Festival''' ({{lang-es|Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar}}) is an annual international [[music festival]] held every 3rd week of February in [[Viña del Mar]], [[Chile]]. Started in 1960 it is the oldest and largest music festival in [[Latin America]], and one of the longest running music festivals in the world.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Torres |first1=Cristián |title=El Festival de Viña del Mar reveló quiénes competirán por su premio mayor |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/12/21/el-festival-de-vina-del-mar-revelo-quienes-competiran-por-su-premio-mayor/ |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=Infobae |date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Elassar |first1=Alaa |title=Adam Levine apologizes after fans criticize Maroon 5's performance at Viña del Mar festival in Chile |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2020/3/1/Maroon-5-Adam-Levine-apology.html |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=CNN Philippines |date=1 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://mexico.cnn.com/entretenimiento/2010/02/23/paul-anka-cerro-con-gran-exito-la-primera-jornada-de-vina-del-mar |title=Paul Anka cerró con gran éxito, la primera jornada de Viña del Mar |agency=CNN México |date=23 Feb 2010 |publisher=mexico.cnn.com |quote=El Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar es el evento musical más importante del continente |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129171131/http://mexico.cnn.com/entretenimiento/2010/02/23/paul-anka-cerro-con-gran-exito-la-primera-jornada-de-vina-del-mar |archive-date=2012-01-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esctoday.com/45797/iceland-hera-bjork-in-the-final-of-vina-del-mar-international-song-contest-2013/ |title=Iceland: Hera Björk in the final of Viña del Mar International Song Contest 2013 |author=Floras, Stella |date=18 Feb 2013 |publisher=www.esctoday.com |quote=[T]he Viña del Mar International Song Contest [is] the oldest and biggest music festival in Latin America}}</ref><ref>[http://es.news.yahoo.com/23022007/159/tom-jones-ruge-segunda-noche-festival-vina-mar.html "Tom Jones 'ruge' en la segunda noche del Festival de Viña del Mar"]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[Agence France-Presse]]'', accessed February 23, 2007</ref>
The '''Viña del Mar International Song Festival''' ({{langx|es|Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar}}) is an annual international [[music festival]] held every third week of February in [[Viña del Mar]], [[Chile]]. Started in 1960 it is the oldest and largest music festival in [[Latin America]], and one of the longest running music festivals in the world.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Torres |first1=Cristián |title=El Festival de Viña del Mar reveló quiénes competirán por su premio mayor |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/12/21/el-festival-de-vina-del-mar-revelo-quienes-competiran-por-su-premio-mayor/ |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=Infobae |date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Elassar |first1=Alaa |title=Adam Levine apologizes after fans criticize Maroon 5's performance at Viña del Mar festival in Chile |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2020/3/1/Maroon-5-Adam-Levine-apology.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908075513/http://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2020/3/1/Maroon-5-Adam-Levine-apology.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 8, 2023 |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=CNN Philippines |date=1 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://mexico.cnn.com/entretenimiento/2010/02/23/paul-anka-cerro-con-gran-exito-la-primera-jornada-de-vina-del-mar |title=Paul Anka cerró con gran éxito, la primera jornada de Viña del Mar |agency=CNN México |date=23 Feb 2010 |publisher=mexico.cnn.com |quote=El Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar es el evento musical más importante del continente |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129171131/http://mexico.cnn.com/entretenimiento/2010/02/23/paul-anka-cerro-con-gran-exito-la-primera-jornada-de-vina-del-mar |archive-date=2012-01-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esctoday.com/45797/iceland-hera-bjork-in-the-final-of-vina-del-mar-international-song-contest-2013/ |title=Iceland: Hera Björk in the final of Viña del Mar International Song Contest 2013 |author=Floras, Stella |date=18 Feb 2013 |publisher=www.esctoday.com |quote=[T]he Viña del Mar International Song Contest [is] the oldest and biggest music festival in Latin America}}</ref><ref>[http://es.news.yahoo.com/23022007/159/tom-jones-ruge-segunda-noche-festival-vina-mar.html "Tom Jones 'ruge' en la segunda noche del Festival de Viña del Mar"]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[Agence France-Presse]]'', accessed February 23, 2007</ref>
It was cancelled in 2021 and 2022 due to the coronavirus pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2021/09/16/chilean-organizers-cancel-vina-del-mar-2022-festival-yet-again-due-to-covid-19 |title=Chilean organizers cancel Viña del Mar 2022 Festival yet again due to COVID-19 |date=16 Sep 2021 }}</ref>
It was cancelled in 2021 and 2022 due to COVID.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2021/09/16/chilean-organizers-cancel-vina-del-mar-2022-festival-yet-again-due-to-covid-19 |title=Chilean organizers cancel Viña del Mar 2022 Festival yet again due to COVID-19 |date=16 Sep 2021 }}</ref>


The festival takes place for six days at the [[Quinta Vergara Amphitheater]], a stage that has a capacity for 15,000 spectators,<ref name=vp>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/misc/newsid_7911000/7911472.stm |title=Viña del Mar, "El Monstruo" cumple 50 |author=Perasso, Valeria |date=25 Feb 2009 |publisher=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> and is broadcast live on [[radio]], [[television]], [[streaming media|streaming]] and [[online video platform|online video]] platforms, regularly breaking viewing records with an estimated audience of around 250 million of people.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Urrejola |first1=José |title=Chile: el estallido social se toma el Festival de Viña |url=https://www.dw.com/es/chile-el-estallido-social-se-toma-el-festival-de-vi%C3%B1a-del-mar/a-52546613 |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=Deutsche Welle (DW) |date=26 February 2020 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Munizaga |first1=Rodrigo |title=Rating: el difícil Viña 2020 es el más visto en nueve años |url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2020/02/28/rating-vina-2020-mas-visto/ |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=La Tercera |date=28 February 2020 |language=es}}</ref>​ Through television, the event reaches the entire [[American continent]], a large part of [[Europe]], [[North Africa]] and [[Australia]]; while via streaming to the whole world. It moves millions of dollars in sponsorships, associated television programs, advertising and tourism; and it receives extensive media coverage.<ref name=vp/>
The festival takes place for six days at the [[Quinta Vergara Amphitheater]], a stage that has a capacity for 15,000 spectators,<ref name=vp>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/misc/newsid_7911000/7911472.stm |title=Viña del Mar, "El Monstruo" cumple 50 |author=Perasso, Valeria |date=25 Feb 2009 |publisher=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> and is broadcast live on [[radio]], [[television]], [[streaming media|streaming]] and [[online video platform|online video]] platforms, regularly breaking viewing records with an estimated audience of around 250 million of people.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Urrejola |first1=José |title=Chile: el estallido social se toma el Festival de Viña |url=https://www.dw.com/es/chile-el-estallido-social-se-toma-el-festival-de-vi%C3%B1a-del-mar/a-52546613 |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=Deutsche Welle (DW) |date=26 February 2020 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Munizaga |first1=Rodrigo |title=Rating: el difícil Viña 2020 es el más visto en nueve años |url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2020/02/28/rating-vina-2020-mas-visto/ |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=La Tercera |date=28 February 2020 |language=es}}</ref> Through television, the event reaches the entire [[American continent]], a large part of [[Europe]], [[North Africa]] and [[Australia]]; while via streaming to the whole world. It moves millions of dollars in sponsorships, associated television programs, advertising and tourism; and it receives extensive media coverage.<ref name=vp/>


Although [[popular music|polupar]] and [[folk music]] competitions were the origin of the festival, during the last decades they have been relegated to the background, giving preference to guest music stars, who are the true highlight of the event.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fortuño |first1=Sergio |title=Latin - Stage Is Set For Viña Del Mar |journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=26 January 2002 |volume=114 |issue=4 |page=41}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=John |first1=Lanert |title=Artists & Music, Latin Notas |journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=6 March 1993 |volume=105 |issue=10 |page=38}}</ref> Leading [[pop music|pop]], [[Latin ballad|ballad]], [[bolero]] and rock artists have headlined, alongside hundreds of others who have appeared over the past six decades on stage encompassing such diverse genres as [[latin R&B]], [[latin trap]], [[cumbia]], [[Salsa music|salsa]], [[reggaetón]], [[Bachata (music)|bachata]] among others.
Although [[popular music|popular]] and [[folk music]] competitions were the origin of the festival, during the last decades they have been relegated to the background, giving preference to guest music stars, who are the true highlight of the event.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Fortuño |first1=Sergio |title=Latin - Stage Is Set For Viña Del Mar |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=26 January 2002 |volume=114 |issue=4 |page=41}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=John |first1=Lanert |title=Artists & Music, Latin Notas |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=6 March 1993 |volume=105 |issue=10 |page=38}}</ref> Leading [[latin pop]], [[Latin ballad|ballad]], [[bolero]] and [[latin rock]] artists have headlined, alongside hundreds of others who have appeared over the past six decades on stage encompassing such diverse genres as [[latin R&B]], [[latin trap]], [[cumbia]], [[Salsa music|salsa]], [[reggaetón]], [[Bachata (music)|bachata]] among others.


==History==
==History==
=== Background and early years (1960-1970) ===
=== Background and early years (1960–1970) ===
The origin of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival was modest. Thanks to the initiative of the mayor Gustavo Lorca<ref name=primera>{{cite news |title=Escenario de cholguán, 9 artistas y apenas 3 carabineros: así fue el primer Festival de Viña del Mar |url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/tendencias/vina-2019/festival-vina-2019-escenario-de-cholguan-9-artistas-y-apenas-3-carabineros-asi-fue-el-primer-festival-de-vina |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=T13 |date=21 February 2019 |language=es}}</ref>​ and Carlos Ansaldo, director of the Department of Tourism and Public Relations of the Municipality of Viña del Mar, between February 21 and 28, 1960, a unique competition was organized, in which the contestants had to present an original song whose theme was the city of Viña del Mar; the winner would opt for a prize of 500 [[Chilean escudo|escudos]] in cash and an award called [[Lira de Oro]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moreno |first1=Víctor Hugo |last2=Palma |first2=Rodrigo |title=Historia del Festival de Viña - 1960-1969: El comienzo - 1960 |url=https://www.emol.com/especiales/vina2007/historia/1960.htm |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=El Mercurio on line |date=2007 |language=es}}</ref> Six compositions competed, and the winner was "Viña" by José Goles and Manuel Lira. In the show, the event was animated by Ricardo García and enlivened by nine local invited artists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Festival de Viña del Mar: Recordemos cómo fue su primera edición |url=https://oasis.pe/noticias/musica/festival-de-vina-del-mar-recordemos-como-fue-su-primera-edicion-1960-jardines-de-la-quinta-vergara-27238 |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=Radio Oasis - Rock & Pop |date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004004139/https://oasis.pe/noticias/musica/festival-de-vina-del-mar-recordemos-como-fue-su-primera-edicion-1960-jardines-de-la-quinta-vergara-27238 |archive-date=4 October 2022}}</ref><ref name=primera/> In February 1961, a folkloric contest was incorporated.
The origin of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival was modest. Thanks to the initiative of the mayor Gustavo Lorca<ref name=primera>{{cite news |title=Escenario de cholguán, 9 artistas y apenas 3 carabineros: así fue el primer Festival de Viña del Mar |url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/tendencias/vina-2019/festival-vina-2019-escenario-de-cholguan-9-artistas-y-apenas-3-carabineros-asi-fue-el-primer-festival-de-vina |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=T13 |date=21 February 2019 |language=es}}</ref> and Carlos Ansaldo, director of the Department of Tourism and Public Relations of the Municipality of Viña del Mar, between February 21 and 28, 1960, a unique competition was organized, in which the contestants had to present an original song whose theme was the city of Viña del Mar; the winner would opt for a prize of 500 [[Chilean escudo|escudos]] in cash and an award called [[Lira de Oro]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moreno |first1=Víctor Hugo |last2=Palma |first2=Rodrigo |title=Historia del Festival de Viña - 1960-1969: El comienzo - 1960 |url=https://www.emol.com/especiales/vina2007/historia/1960.htm |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=El Mercurio on line |date=2007 |language=es}}</ref> Six compositions competed, and the winner was "Viña" by José Goles and Manuel Lira. In the show, the event was animated by Ricardo García and enlivened by nine local invited artists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Festival de Viña del Mar: Recordemos cómo fue su primera edición |url=https://oasis.pe/noticias/musica/festival-de-vina-del-mar-recordemos-como-fue-su-primera-edicion-1960-jardines-de-la-quinta-vergara-27238 |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=Radio Oasis - Rock & Pop |date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004004139/https://oasis.pe/noticias/musica/festival-de-vina-del-mar-recordemos-como-fue-su-primera-edicion-1960-jardines-de-la-quinta-vergara-27238 |archive-date=4 October 2022}}</ref><ref name=primera/> In February 1961, a folkloric contest was incorporated.


In 1963, [[Chilevisión|Channel 9 of Television of the University of Chile]], experimentally broadcast the Festival for Santiago.<ref name=transm>{{cite news |last1=Moreno |first1=Víctor Hugo |last2=Palma |first2=Rodrigo |title=Historia del Festival de Viña - 1960 - 1969 El Comienzo |url=https://www.emol.com/especiales/vina2007/historia/1963.htm |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=El Mercurio on line |page=es}}</ref>
In 1963, [[Chilevisión|Channel 9 of Television of the University of Chile]], experimentally broadcast the Festival for Santiago.<ref name=transm>{{cite news |last1=Moreno |first1=Víctor Hugo |last2=Palma |first2=Rodrigo |title=Historia del Festival de Viña - 1960 - 1969 El Comienzo |url=https://www.emol.com/especiales/vina2007/historia/1963.htm |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=El Mercurio on line |page=es}}</ref>


At the beginning of the festival, a stage was improvised next to the [[Vergara Palace]], a place where the audience sat on wooden chairs, or directly on the grass or dirt floor.<ref name=franc>{{cite news |last1=Cabrera |first1=Natalia |title=Así nació el Festival de Viña del Mar |url=https://www.france24.com/es/20190302-aqui-america-asi-nacio-festival-vina-del-mar |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=France 24 |date=2 March 2019 |language=es}}</ref>​ In turn, many spectators sat They were located on the hills adjacent to the Quinta and on the tops of the nearby trees, giving the contest a provincial air.<ref name=transm/>
At the beginning of the festival, a stage was improvised next to the [[Vergara Palace]], a place where the audience sat on wooden chairs, or directly on the grass or dirt floor.<ref name=franc>{{cite news |last1=Cabrera |first1=Natalia |title=Así nació el Festival de Viña del Mar |url=https://www.france24.com/es/20190302-aqui-america-asi-nacio-festival-vina-del-mar |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=France 24 |date=2 March 2019 |language=es}}</ref> In turn, many spectators sat They were located on the hills adjacent to the Quinta and on the tops of the nearby trees, giving the contest a provincial air.<ref name=transm/>


In 1963, the architect Hernando López designed an open-air [[amphitheater]] with a paraboloid shape and crowned by an [[Shell (theater)|acoustic shell]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liberal de Castro |first1=José |last2=da Silveira Derenji |first2=Jussara |title=Arquitetura do ferro: memória e questionamento |date=1993 |publisher=Universidade Federal do Pará |isbn=978-8-5338-0-2025 |url=https://archive.org/details/arquiteturadofer0000unse |access-date=9 September 2023 |language=pt}}</ref> receiving the collaboration of the civil builder Juan Pinto Delgado. The structure was built in stages and its design was inspired by the [[Hollywood Bowl]], the main amphitheater of the city of [[Los Angeles]] in the United States.<ref name=esce>{{cite news |title=La evolución que ha tenido el escenario del Festival de Viña |url=https://www.24horas.cl/vina2019/la-evolucion-que-ha-tenido-el-escenario-del-festival-de-vina--3090105 |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=24 Horas |date=13 February 2019}}</ref> The roof of the stage, which helped both to project the sound towards the audience<ref>{{cite book |last1=Varas |first1=José Miguel |last2=González |first2=Juan Pablo |title=En busca de la música chilena: Crónica y antología de una historia sonora |date=2005 |publisher=Editorial Catalonia |isbn=978-9-56-3242-652}}</ref> and to protect the artists of the cold Viñamarina nights, debuted in 1967.<ref name=esce/> Built of wood and steel, it imitated the flight of a [[seagull]], becoming the most distinctive detail of the construction, which over the years, became an icon of the Festival, and in the image of the contest before the world. It stood for nearly four decades until its demolition and replacement in 2002.<ref name=esce/>
In 1963, the architect Hernando López designed an open-air [[amphitheater]] with a paraboloid shape and crowned by an [[Shell (theater)|acoustic shell]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liberal de Castro |first1=José |last2=da Silveira Derenji |first2=Jussara |title=Arquitetura do ferro: memória e questionamento |date=1993 |publisher=Universidade Federal do Pará |isbn=978-8-5338-0-2025 |url=https://archive.org/details/arquiteturadofer0000unse |access-date=9 September 2023 |language=pt}}</ref> receiving the collaboration of the civil builder Juan Pinto Delgado. The structure was built in stages and its design was inspired by the [[Hollywood Bowl]], the main amphitheater of the city of [[Los Angeles]] in the United States.<ref name=esce>{{cite news |title=La evolución que ha tenido el escenario del Festival de Viña |url=https://www.24horas.cl/vina2019/la-evolucion-que-ha-tenido-el-escenario-del-festival-de-vina--3090105 |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=24 Horas |date=13 February 2019}}</ref> The roof of the stage, which helped both to project the sound towards the audience<ref>{{cite book |last1=Varas |first1=José Miguel |last2=González |first2=Juan Pablo |title=En busca de la música chilena: Crónica y antología de una historia sonora |date=2005 |publisher=Editorial Catalonia |isbn=978-9-56-3242-652}}</ref> and to protect the artists of the cold Viñamarina nights, debuted in 1967.<ref name=esce/> Built of wood and steel, it imitated the flight of a [[seagull]], becoming the most distinctive detail of the construction, which over the years, became an icon of the Festival, and in the image of the contest before the world. It stood for nearly four decades until its demolition and replacement in 2002.<ref name=esce/>
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In the 1970s, the Festival began to spread to the masses, especially from 1971, when the broadcast rights were granted to [[Televisión Nacional de Chile]] (TVN),<ref>{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523122941/http://www.radiorecuerdos.cl/festivales/59historia.html |archive-date=23 May 2013 |title=Festival de Viña del Mar - Historia |url=http://www.radiorecuerdos.cl/festivales/59historia.html |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=Radio Recuerdos}}</ref> with coverage in much of the country.
In the 1970s, the Festival began to spread to the masses, especially from 1971, when the broadcast rights were granted to [[Televisión Nacional de Chile]] (TVN),<ref>{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523122941/http://www.radiorecuerdos.cl/festivales/59historia.html |archive-date=23 May 2013 |title=Festival de Viña del Mar - Historia |url=http://www.radiorecuerdos.cl/festivales/59historia.html |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=Radio Recuerdos}}</ref> with coverage in much of the country.


During those same years, the political tension of the moment was strongly present. In 1970, the [[1970 Chilean presidential election|presidential elections]] were held in which the socialist [[Salvador Allende]] was elected president, which would mark the country and divide it politically, also influencing the contest. In 1971, representatives of the [[Soviet Union]] were applauded for their support of the [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Popular Unity]] (UP), while in 1972, [[South Africa|south afrincan]] [[Miriam Makeba]] was booed by the conservative sector for praising President Salvador Allende and exclaiming "long live the Chilean revolution!".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moreno |first1=Víctor Hugo |last2=Palma |first2=Rodrigo |title=Historia del Festival de Viña - 1970 - 1979 Década marcada por lo político |url=https://www.emol.com/especiales/vina2007/historia/1972.htm |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=El Mercurio on line |language=es}}</ref>
During those same years, the political tension of the moment was strongly present. In 1970, the [[1970 Chilean presidential election|presidential elections]] were held in which the socialist [[Salvador Allende]] was elected president, which would mark the country and divide it politically, also influencing the contest. In 1971, representatives of the [[Soviet Union]] were applauded for their support of the [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Popular Unity]] (UP), while in 1972, [[South Africa|South African]] [[Miriam Makeba]] was booed by the conservative sector for praising President Salvador Allende and exclaiming "long live the Chilean revolution!".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moreno |first1=Víctor Hugo |last2=Palma |first2=Rodrigo |title=Historia del Festival de Viña - 1970 - 1979 Década marcada por lo político |url=https://www.emol.com/especiales/vina2007/historia/1972.htm |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=El Mercurio on line |language=es}}</ref>


Following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'etat]], the dictatorship headed by [[Augusto Pinochet]] came to control the Viña del Mar International Song Festival, choosing to only promote and feature sympathetic artists, in particular those that were part of the [[Acto de Chacarillas]] in 1977.<ref name=vinadesco>{{Cite news|title=Censura, aplausos al dictador y propaganda de derecha: Los días oscuros del Festival de Viña del Mar|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/tendencias/2015/02/18/censura-aplausos-al-dictador-y-propaganda-de-derecha-los-dias-oscuros-del-festival-de-vina-del-mar.html|last=Vargas Rojas|first=Vanessa|date=February 18, 2015|access-date=June 12, 2021|work=[[El Desconcierto]]|language=Spanish}}</ref>
Following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'etat]], the dictatorship headed by [[Augusto Pinochet]] came to control the Viña del Mar International Song Festival, choosing to only promote and feature sympathetic artists, in particular those that were part of the [[Acto de Chacarillas]] in 1977.<ref name=vinadesco>{{Cite news|title=Censura, aplausos al dictador y propaganda de derecha: Los días oscuros del Festival de Viña del Mar|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/tendencias/2015/02/18/censura-aplausos-al-dictador-y-propaganda-de-derecha-los-dias-oscuros-del-festival-de-vina-del-mar.html|last=Vargas Rojas|first=Vanessa|date=February 18, 2015|access-date=June 12, 2021|work=[[El Desconcierto]]|language=Spanish}}</ref>
In the first years of his dictatorship, Pinochet was a decidedly regular guest at the festival.<ref name=LaTerceraPinochetVina>{{Cite news|title=Viña bizarro: 20 historias del lado B del Festival|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2021/02/26/vina-bizarro-20-historias-del-lado-b-del-festival/|last=Contreras|first=Marcelo|date=February 26, 2021|access-date=June 10, 2021|work=[[La Tercera]]|language=Spanish}}</ref> His advisor, [[Jaime Guzmán]], was also spotted on several occasions at the festival.<ref name=LaTerceraPinochetVina/> On one occasion, Festival presenter [[Antonio Vodanovic]] publicly praised the dictator and his wife, [[Lucia Hiriart]], on behalf of "the Chilean youth".<ref name=LaTerceraPinochetVina/> Supporters of the dictatorship appropriated the song ''[[Libre (Nino Bravo song)|Libre]]'' by [[Nino Bravo]]; the song was, ultimately, performed live by Edmundo Arrocet in the first post-coup Viña Del Mar Festival, with Pinochet being present in the audience.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bajo un clima de tensión: las veces que el Festival de Viña del Mar aludió e incomodó a la Dictadura|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/especial/vina/noticias/2020/02/21/bajo-un-clima-de-tension-las-veces-que-el-festival-de-vina-del-mar-incomodo-a-la-dictadura.shtml|last=Vega Martínez|first=César|date=February 21, 2020|access-date=June 11, 2021|work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]]|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://elpais.com/diario/1980/09/13/internacional/337644010_850215.html |title=Pinochet: "Hemos demostrado al mundo que Chile es una nación democrática" |last1= Ceberio|first1= Jesús|last2= |first2= |date=12 September 1980|newspaper=[[El País]] |access-date=14 February 2014}}</ref> Beginning in 1980, when the festival had gained popularity and started airing internationally, the regime took advantage of this opportunity to promote a favourable image of Chile to the rest of the world.<ref name=vinadesco/> To that end, the 1981 festival committee had a larger budget with which to feature popular foreign artists, including [[Miguel Bosé]], [[Julio Iglesias]] and [[Camilo Sesto]].<ref name=vinadesco/> The folk music portion of the festival had become increasingly politicized during the [[Allende years]], and was suspended by organizers from the time of the coup until 1980.<ref name=vinadesco/>
In the first years of his dictatorship, Pinochet was a decidedly regular guest at the festival.<ref name=LaTerceraPinochetVina>{{Cite news|title=Viña bizarro: 20 historias del lado B del Festival|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2021/02/26/vina-bizarro-20-historias-del-lado-b-del-festival/|last=Contreras|first=Marcelo|date=February 26, 2021|access-date=June 10, 2021|work=[[La Tercera]]|language=Spanish}}</ref> His advisor, [[Jaime Guzmán]], was also spotted on several occasions at the festival.<ref name=LaTerceraPinochetVina/> On one occasion, Festival presenter [[Antonio Vodanovic]] publicly praised the dictator and his wife, [[Lucia Hiriart]], on behalf of "the Chilean youth".<ref name=LaTerceraPinochetVina/> Supporters of the dictatorship appropriated the song ''[[Libre (Nino Bravo song)|Libre]]'' by [[Nino Bravo]]; the song was, ultimately, performed live by Edmundo Arrocet in the first post-coup Viña Del Mar Festival, with Pinochet being present in the audience.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bajo un clima de tensión: las veces que el Festival de Viña del Mar aludió e incomodó a la Dictadura|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/especial/vina/noticias/2020/02/21/bajo-un-clima-de-tension-las-veces-que-el-festival-de-vina-del-mar-incomodo-a-la-dictadura.shtml|last=Vega Martínez|first=César|date=February 21, 2020|access-date=June 11, 2021|work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]]|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://elpais.com/diario/1980/09/13/internacional/337644010_850215.html |title=Pinochet: "Hemos demostrado al mundo que Chile es una nación democrática" |last1= Ceberio|first1= Jesús|last2= |first2= |date=12 September 1980|newspaper=[[El País]] |access-date=14 February 2014}}</ref> Beginning in 1980, when the festival had gained popularity and started airing internationally, the regime took advantage of this opportunity to promote a favourable image of Chile to the rest of the world.<ref name=vinadesco/> To that end, the 1981 festival committee had a larger budget with which to feature popular foreign artists, including [[Miguel Bosé]], [[Julio Iglesias]] and [[Camilo Sesto]].<ref name=vinadesco/> The folk music portion of the festival had become increasingly politicized during the [[Allende years]], and was suspended by organizers from the time of the coup until 1980.<ref name=vinadesco/>


Between 1984 and 1989 Leonardo Schultz and [[Gary H. Mason]], one of the pioneers of the reggaeton movement, teamed up to help revamp the festival and streamline its operations. They arranged for the appearance of artists including: [[The Police]], [[Air Supply]], [[Eddie Money]], [[Sheena Easton]], [[Jose Feliciano]] (the pair produced his Grammy-nominated album ''Escenas de Amor'' in 1982, as well as the Grammy-winning album ''Me enamoré'' in 1983), [[Andy Gibb]], [[Neil Sedaka]], [[Gloria Gaynor]], [[Mr. Mister]] to name a few. In 1988 and 1989, [[Thomas Anders]] (of [[Modern Talking]] fame) was the festival's headliner, one of the first times an artist was invited back to perform two years in a row.
Between 1984 and 1989 Leonardo Schultz and [[Gary H. Mason]], one of the pioneers of the reggaeton movement, teamed up to help revamp the festival and streamline its operations. They arranged for the appearance of artists including: [[The Police]], [[Air Supply]], [[Eddie Money]], [[Sheena Easton]], [[Jose Feliciano]] (the pair produced his Grammy-nominated album ''Escenas de Amor'' in 1982, as well as the Grammy-winning album ''Me enamoré'' in 1983), [[Andy Gibb]], [[Neil Sedaka]], [[Gloria Gaynor]], [[Mr. Mister]] to name a few. In 1988 and 1989, [[Thomas Anders]] (of [[Modern Talking]] fame) was the festival's headliner, one of the first times an artist was invited back to perform two years in a row.{{CN|date=July 2024}}


Schultz and Mason also arranged for major international jurors including: [[George Martin]] (the Beatles' producer), [[Maurice Jarre]] (scored the films such as ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]'', ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'', ''[[Witness (1985 film)|Witness]]'', ''[[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage To India]]'', and ''[[Ghost (1990 film)|Ghost]]''), [[Manoella Torres]] (Mason produced her hit duet, which was written by Schultz entitled "No me mires así"), [[Joey Travolta]], [[Connie Stevens]] and many others.
Schultz and Mason also arranged for major international jurors including: [[George Martin]] (the Beatles' producer), [[Maurice Jarre]] (scored the films such as ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]'', ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'', ''[[Witness (1985 film)|Witness]]'', ''[[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage To India]]'', and ''[[Ghost (1990 film)|Ghost]]''), [[Manoella Torres]] (Mason produced her hit duet, which was written by Schultz entitled "No me mires así"), [[Joey Travolta]], [[Connie Stevens]] and many others.{{CN|date=July 2024}}


=== 1990s and 2000s ===
=== 1990s and 2000s ===
Line 64: Line 63:
Artists perform in the Festival de Viña with the goal of receiving as many awards as possible, which will depend on their success with "[[El monstruo (audience)|El Monstruo]]." The awards have had multiple changes throughout the festival's history.
Artists perform in the Festival de Viña with the goal of receiving as many awards as possible, which will depend on their success with "[[El monstruo (audience)|El Monstruo]]." The awards have had multiple changes throughout the festival's history.


The first two awards ever given were the Golden Lyre and Golden Harp in 1961. However, these two awards would be replaced by the Silver and Golden Seagull in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Canal 13|date=February 7, 2017|title=La historia detras de los premios del Festival de Viña del Mar|url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/tendencias/vina-2017/la-historia-detras-de-los-premios-del-festival-de-vina-del-mar|url-status=live|website=T13}}</ref>
The first two awards ever given were the Golden Lyre and Golden Harp in 1961. However, these two awards would be replaced by the Silver and Golden Seagull in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Canal 13|date=February 7, 2017|title=La historia detras de los premios del Festival de Viña del Mar|url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/tendencias/vina-2017/la-historia-detras-de-los-premios-del-festival-de-vina-del-mar|website=T13}}</ref>


In 1983, the Festival's commissioners decided to create the Silver and Golden Torch as a "second tier" award. This decision was made in order to add more variety to the awards, and make the Seagull the most prestigious award in the festival.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Tendencias|first=LR|date=February 17, 2020|title=Viña del Mar 2020: la diferencia entre las gaviotas de oro, plata y platino|url=https://larepublica.pe/espectaculos/2020/02/17/cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-la-gaviota-de-oro-plata-y-platino-que-se-entrega-en-el-festival-de-vina-del-mar-eint/|url-status=live|website=LaRepublica}}</ref>
In 1983, the Festival's commissioners decided to create the Silver and Golden Torch as a "second tier" award. This decision was made in order to add more variety to the awards, and make the Seagull the most prestigious award in the festival.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Tendencias|first=LR|date=February 17, 2020|title=Viña del Mar 2020: la diferencia entre las gaviotas de oro, plata y platino|url=https://larepublica.pe/espectaculos/2020/02/17/cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-la-gaviota-de-oro-plata-y-platino-que-se-entrega-en-el-festival-de-vina-del-mar-eint/|website=LaRepublica}}</ref>


For over 30 years, no changes were made to the awards. However, in 2015, the production team and Viña's municipality decided to eliminate the Silver and Golden Torch, leaving the Silver and Golden Seagull as the only awards that performers could aspire to get. The reason for this decision was all the critiques that the event was receiving about the high numbers of awards that an artist could receive.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Emol|date=February 17, 2015|title=Festival de Viña del Mar elimina la entrega de Antorchas|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/magazine/2015/01/21/700149/festival-de-vina-del-mar-elimina-la-entrega-de-antorcha.html|url-status=live|website=Emol}}</ref>
For over 30 years, no changes were made to the awards. However, in 2015, the production team and Viña's municipality decided to eliminate the Silver and Golden Torch, leaving the Silver and Golden Seagull as the only awards that performers could aspire to get. The reason for this decision was all the critiques that the event was receiving about the high numbers of awards that an artist could receive.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Emol|date=February 17, 2015|title=Festival de Viña del Mar elimina la entrega de Antorchas|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/magazine/2015/01/21/700149/festival-de-vina-del-mar-elimina-la-entrega-de-antorcha.html|website=Emol}}</ref>


Finally, the Platinum Seagull was added in 2012 as a special award for performers with long influence throughout the festival's history. Only 3 artists have received it up to date.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Tendencias|first=LR|date=February 17, 2020|title=Viña del Mar 2020: la diferencia entre las gaviotas de oro, plata y platino|url=https://larepublica.pe/espectaculos/2020/02/17/cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-la-gaviota-de-oro-plata-y-platino-que-se-entrega-en-el-festival-de-vina-del-mar-eint/|url-status=live|website=LaRepublica}}</ref>
Finally, the Platinum Seagull was added in 2012 as a special award for performers with long influence throughout the festival's history. Only 3 artists have received it up to date.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Tendencias|first=LR|date=February 17, 2020|title=Viña del Mar 2020: la diferencia entre las gaviotas de oro, plata y platino|url=https://larepublica.pe/espectaculos/2020/02/17/cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-la-gaviota-de-oro-plata-y-platino-que-se-entrega-en-el-festival-de-vina-del-mar-eint/|website=LaRepublica}}</ref>


==The Stage==
==The Stage==
Line 300: Line 299:
|"Non devi abbandonarmi mai"
|"Non devi abbandonarmi mai"
|Angela Tarenzzi
|Angela Tarenzzi
|Piero Cotto
|[[Piero Cotto]]
|- valign=top
|- valign=top
!XXXII
!XXXII
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|Yorka
|Yorka
|Yorka
|Yorka
|-
!LXIII
|2024
|{{MEX}}
|"El Maestro"
|Adrián Navarro and Eddy Valenzuela
|Eddy Valenzuela
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 539: Line 545:
* {{URY}}: once
* {{URY}}: once
* {{ISL}}: once
* {{ISL}}: once
* {{MEX}}: once


===Folk contest===
===Folk contest===
Line 918: Line 925:
|{{ARG}}
|{{ARG}}
|"Avanzar"
|"Avanzar"
|Manuel Pennisi
|Nahuel Pennisi
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|-
|-
!LXIII
|2024
|{{ARG}}
|"La Luna"
|Juan José Vasconcellos
|Ahyre
|}
|}


'''Winning countries (since 2001, start of International Folk Contest)'''
'''Winning countries (since 2001, start of International Folk Contest)'''
* {{CHL}}: 11 times (and 33 years of National Folk Contest, between 1961-1973 and 1981–2000)
* {{CHL}}: 11 times (and 33 years of National Folk Contest, between 1961-1973 and 1981–2000)
* {{ARG}}: 5 times
* {{ARG}}: 6 times
* {{PER}}: 3 times
* {{PER}}: 3 times
* {{COL}}: once
* {{COL}}: once
Line 940: Line 953:
{{Main|List of performing artists at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival}}
{{Main|List of performing artists at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival}}


Every year international artists are invited to perform at the Festival. in the 2003 edition the Italian singer-songwriter [[Franco Simone]] received the "Lifetime Achievement Award" for having strung together thirty years of success in South America with his songs translated into Spanish,
Every year international artists are invited to perform at the Festival. In the 2003 edition the Italian singer-songwriter [[Franco Simone]] received the "Lifetime Achievement Award" for having strung together thirty years of success in South America with his songs translated into Spanish. Notable directors, such as [[Fernando Rojas (producer)|Fernando Rojas]], have led some of the performances.


==Festival Queen==
==Festival Queen==
Line 1,055: Line 1,068:
|[[Luciana Salazar]]
|[[Luciana Salazar]]
|{{ARG}}
|{{ARG}}
|[[Chilevisión]] [[file:Logotipo de Chilevisión (2002-2006).svg|13px]]
|[[Chilevisión]]
|Showbiz Queen from Argentina
|Showbiz Queen from Argentina
|-
|-
Line 1,246: Line 1,259:
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.vinadelmarchile.cl/index.html Viña del Mar city website] (in Spanish)
* [http://www.vinadelmarchile.cl/index.html Viña del Mar city website] (in Spanish)
* [https://www.elfestival.tv/ Festival de Viña del Mar official website] (in Spanish)


{{Viña del Mar International Song Festival}}
{{Viña del Mar International Song Festival}}
{{Historic rock festival}}
{{Historic rock festival}}
{{Rock festival}}
{{Coord|33|01|47|S|71|33|09|W|type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}
{{Coord|33|01|47|S|71|33|09|W|type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}


Latest revision as of 21:56, 5 November 2024

Viña del Mar International Song Festival
Overture to the closing night of LI Viña del Mar International Song Festival (2010)
GenreVarious
Dates3rd week of February
Location(s)Viña del Mar, Chile
Years active1960-present
Capacity15,000
WebsiteViña del Mar city website

The Viña del Mar International Song Festival (Spanish: Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar) is an annual international music festival held every third week of February in Viña del Mar, Chile. Started in 1960 it is the oldest and largest music festival in Latin America, and one of the longest running music festivals in the world.[1][2][3][4][5] It was cancelled in 2021 and 2022 due to COVID.[6]

The festival takes place for six days at the Quinta Vergara Amphitheater, a stage that has a capacity for 15,000 spectators,[7] and is broadcast live on radio, television, streaming and online video platforms, regularly breaking viewing records with an estimated audience of around 250 million of people.[8][9] Through television, the event reaches the entire American continent, a large part of Europe, North Africa and Australia; while via streaming to the whole world. It moves millions of dollars in sponsorships, associated television programs, advertising and tourism; and it receives extensive media coverage.[7]

Although popular and folk music competitions were the origin of the festival, during the last decades they have been relegated to the background, giving preference to guest music stars, who are the true highlight of the event.[10][11] Leading latin pop, ballad, bolero and latin rock artists have headlined, alongside hundreds of others who have appeared over the past six decades on stage encompassing such diverse genres as latin R&B, latin trap, cumbia, salsa, reggaetón, bachata among others.

History

[edit]

Background and early years (1960–1970)

[edit]

The origin of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival was modest. Thanks to the initiative of the mayor Gustavo Lorca[12] and Carlos Ansaldo, director of the Department of Tourism and Public Relations of the Municipality of Viña del Mar, between February 21 and 28, 1960, a unique competition was organized, in which the contestants had to present an original song whose theme was the city of Viña del Mar; the winner would opt for a prize of 500 escudos in cash and an award called Lira de Oro.[13] Six compositions competed, and the winner was "Viña" by José Goles and Manuel Lira. In the show, the event was animated by Ricardo García and enlivened by nine local invited artists.[14][12] In February 1961, a folkloric contest was incorporated.

In 1963, Channel 9 of Television of the University of Chile, experimentally broadcast the Festival for Santiago.[15]

At the beginning of the festival, a stage was improvised next to the Vergara Palace, a place where the audience sat on wooden chairs, or directly on the grass or dirt floor.[16] In turn, many spectators sat They were located on the hills adjacent to the Quinta and on the tops of the nearby trees, giving the contest a provincial air.[15]

In 1963, the architect Hernando López designed an open-air amphitheater with a paraboloid shape and crowned by an acoustic shell,[17] receiving the collaboration of the civil builder Juan Pinto Delgado. The structure was built in stages and its design was inspired by the Hollywood Bowl, the main amphitheater of the city of Los Angeles in the United States.[18] The roof of the stage, which helped both to project the sound towards the audience[19] and to protect the artists of the cold Viñamarina nights, debuted in 1967.[18] Built of wood and steel, it imitated the flight of a seagull, becoming the most distinctive detail of the construction, which over the years, became an icon of the Festival, and in the image of the contest before the world. It stood for nearly four decades until its demolition and replacement in 2002.[18]

1970s and 1980s

[edit]

In the 1970s, the Festival began to spread to the masses, especially from 1971, when the broadcast rights were granted to Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN),[20] with coverage in much of the country.

During those same years, the political tension of the moment was strongly present. In 1970, the presidential elections were held in which the socialist Salvador Allende was elected president, which would mark the country and divide it politically, also influencing the contest. In 1971, representatives of the Soviet Union were applauded for their support of the Popular Unity (UP), while in 1972, South African Miriam Makeba was booed by the conservative sector for praising President Salvador Allende and exclaiming "long live the Chilean revolution!".[21]

Following the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat, the dictatorship headed by Augusto Pinochet came to control the Viña del Mar International Song Festival, choosing to only promote and feature sympathetic artists, in particular those that were part of the Acto de Chacarillas in 1977.[22] In the first years of his dictatorship, Pinochet was a decidedly regular guest at the festival.[23] His advisor, Jaime Guzmán, was also spotted on several occasions at the festival.[23] On one occasion, Festival presenter Antonio Vodanovic publicly praised the dictator and his wife, Lucia Hiriart, on behalf of "the Chilean youth".[23] Supporters of the dictatorship appropriated the song Libre by Nino Bravo; the song was, ultimately, performed live by Edmundo Arrocet in the first post-coup Viña Del Mar Festival, with Pinochet being present in the audience.[24][25] Beginning in 1980, when the festival had gained popularity and started airing internationally, the regime took advantage of this opportunity to promote a favourable image of Chile to the rest of the world.[22] To that end, the 1981 festival committee had a larger budget with which to feature popular foreign artists, including Miguel Bosé, Julio Iglesias and Camilo Sesto.[22] The folk music portion of the festival had become increasingly politicized during the Allende years, and was suspended by organizers from the time of the coup until 1980.[22]

Between 1984 and 1989 Leonardo Schultz and Gary H. Mason, one of the pioneers of the reggaeton movement, teamed up to help revamp the festival and streamline its operations. They arranged for the appearance of artists including: The Police, Air Supply, Eddie Money, Sheena Easton, Jose Feliciano (the pair produced his Grammy-nominated album Escenas de Amor in 1982, as well as the Grammy-winning album Me enamoré in 1983), Andy Gibb, Neil Sedaka, Gloria Gaynor, Mr. Mister to name a few. In 1988 and 1989, Thomas Anders (of Modern Talking fame) was the festival's headliner, one of the first times an artist was invited back to perform two years in a row.[citation needed]

Schultz and Mason also arranged for major international jurors including: George Martin (the Beatles' producer), Maurice Jarre (scored the films such as Doctor Zhivago, Lawrence of Arabia, Witness, A Passage To India, and Ghost), Manoella Torres (Mason produced her hit duet, which was written by Schultz entitled "No me mires así"), Joey Travolta, Connie Stevens and many others.[citation needed]

1990s and 2000s

[edit]

In the 1990s the broadcast rights to the Festival were given to Televisa and featured prominent Mexican Artists, as well as major Latin Artists.

In 2008, American rock music band Journey played their first concert with new vocalist Arnel Pineda at the festival. The 2008 Viña Festival was hosted by Sergio Lagos and Tonka Tomicic, and headlined by Nelly Furtado, Wisin & Yandel, and Earth, Wind & Fire.

In 2009, artists such as Latin sensation Daddy Yankee and the legendary British band Simply Red captivated the audience of Viña. For its 50th edition, the festival's hosts were the late Felipe Camiroaga and news reader Soledad Onetto.

The event has not been held in the years 2021 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[26][27]

In March 2022, the return of the 62nd edition of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival was confirmed for the year 2023.[28]

"El Monstruo"

[edit]
Main article: El monstruo (audience)

Traditionally, the Festival's audience openly demonstrates its acceptance or displeasure with the established acts performing there, as well as contestants in the two competitions. As a result, the Chilean media has nicknamed the Festival's audience El Monstruo ("The Monster"). Earning acceptance from El Monstruo usually has a direct impact on an artist's popularity in the rest of Latin America. This is particularly true for Spanish speaking pop stars. Conversely, booing artists off the stage is not uncommon.

Artists compete in the Festival's regular competitions for one of three awards, given in this order: "Antorcha de Plata" (Silver Torch), "Antorcha de Oro" (Golden Torch) and "Gaviota de Plata" (Silver Seagull). However, audience response may demand that one of the three awards - or, progressively, all three- also be awarded to an established act as their performance progresses. An artist who "tames the "Monstruo"" by earning all three awards receives almost instant recognition as a major star by Chilean and Latin American media.

Awards' History

[edit]

Artists perform in the Festival de Viña with the goal of receiving as many awards as possible, which will depend on their success with "El Monstruo." The awards have had multiple changes throughout the festival's history.

The first two awards ever given were the Golden Lyre and Golden Harp in 1961. However, these two awards would be replaced by the Silver and Golden Seagull in 1969.[29]

In 1983, the Festival's commissioners decided to create the Silver and Golden Torch as a "second tier" award. This decision was made in order to add more variety to the awards, and make the Seagull the most prestigious award in the festival.[30]

For over 30 years, no changes were made to the awards. However, in 2015, the production team and Viña's municipality decided to eliminate the Silver and Golden Torch, leaving the Silver and Golden Seagull as the only awards that performers could aspire to get. The reason for this decision was all the critiques that the event was receiving about the high numbers of awards that an artist could receive.[31]

Finally, the Platinum Seagull was added in 2012 as a special award for performers with long influence throughout the festival's history. Only 3 artists have received it up to date.[32]

The Stage

[edit]

Each year the TV companies try to improve on the previous year's set. Millions are invested in creating elaborate stages.

Winner songs

[edit]

International contest

[edit]
Before 1968, the contest only allowed Chilean composers.
In 2000 the contest included the best songs in the history of the festival.
In 2009, the contest included former winners between 2001 and 2008.
In 2010 had a contest with the most representative songs of the participant countries.
Event Country Song Title Composer Artist
I 1960  Chile "Viña" José Goles and Manuel Lira Mario del Monte
II 1961  Chile "Sin tu amor" Óscar Olivares and Gilberto Ávila Los Cuatro Duendes
III 1962  Chile "Dime por qué" María Pilar Larraín Los Cuatro Duendes
IV 1963  Chile "Tan sólo una mirada" Juan Vásquez Marco Aurelio
V 1964  Chile "Está de más" Ricardo Jara Ginette Acevedo
VI 1965  Chile "Como una ola" María Angélica Ramírez Cecilia
VII 1966  Chile "Por creer en ti" Marco Aurelio and Jaime Atria Isabel Adams
VIII 1967  Chile "Cuando rompa el alba" Willy Bascuñán Fresia Soto
IX 1968  Spain "Palabras" Jorge Domingo, Enrique Carnicer and Carmen Pons de Carnicer Luz Eliana
X 1969  Chile "Mira, mira" Scottie Scott Gloria Simonetti
XI 1970  Chile "Canción a Magdalena" Julio Zegers Julio Zegers
XII 1971 Void contest by plagiarism
XIII 1972  Netherlands "Julie" Julio Bernardo Euson Euson
XIV 1973  Chile "Los pasajeros" Julio Zegers Julio Zegers
XV 1974  Italy "Immagina" Giancarlo de Bellis Annarita Spinaci
XVI 1975  Greece "Love Song" H. Ballin, N. Ellineos and Kostas Karagiannopoulos Elpida
XVII 1976  Chile "Una noche de amor" Carlos Baeza Roberto Viking Valdés
XVIII 1977  Israel "Canción de amor" Boaz Sharabi Nava Baruchin
XIX 1978  Chile "El tiempo en las bastillas" Fernando Ubiergo Fernando Ubiergo
XX 1979  Spain "A tu regreso a casa" Braulio Braulio
XXI 1980  Spain "Dudando, dudando" Julio Seijas and Augusto Algueró Juan Sebastián
XXII 1981  West Germany "Esperando" Karl-Heinz Merkel and Cherry Laine Cherry Laine
XXIII 1982  Chile "Ausencia" Juan Carlos Duque Juan Carlos Duque
XXIV 1983  Uruguay "Alma, corazón y pan" Gervasio Gervasio
XXV 1984  Chile "Se te olvida" Héctor Penrós Bañas Cristóbal
XXVI 1985  Australia "Ya no puedo más" K. C. Porter, Chris Turner and Lorenzo Toppano Lorenzo Toppano
XXVII 1986  Dominican Republic "Para quererte" José Antonio Rodríguez and Manuel Tejada Maridalia Hernández
XXVIII 1987  Italy "Kiss me" Antonio and Anna Maria de Salvatore Desà
XXIX 1988  Italy "Senza te" Maurizio Piccoli and Gino Mescoli Marco Del Freo
XXX 1989  Colombia "Te propongo" Fernando Garavito Edna Rocio
XXXI 1990  Italy "Non devi abbandonarmi mai" Angela Tarenzzi Piero Cotto
XXXII 1991  Chile "Tira la primera piedra" Edgardo Riquelme and Sergio Bravo Javiera Parra and Pedro Foncea
XXXIII 1992  Chile "Parece tan sencillo" Juan Carlos Duque Fernando Casas
XXXIV 1993  Italy "In questo mondo" Giuseppe Garibo Claudio Cirimele
XXXV 1994  Argentina "Como ayer" Claudia Brant and Daniel Tarrab Claudia Brant
XXXVI 1995  Chile "Si tú te vas" Cristian Fissore and René Calderón Jossé
XXXVII 1996  Italy "Aria Ario" Paolo Meneguzzi, Dino Melotti, M. Botoni and C. Isgro Paolo Meneguzzi
XXXVIII 1997  Argentina "Para vivir un dulce amor" Víctor Heredia and Carlos Nilson Carlos Elías
XXXIX 1998  Chile "Soy tal cual soy" Álvaro Scaramelli Álvaro Scaramelli
XL 1999  Colombia "El aguacero" Alejandro Gómez Cáceres Carolina Sabino
XLI 2000  France "Laisse-moi le Temps" / "Let Me Try Again" M. Jourdan and Caravelli / Paul Anka and Sammy Cahn Peabo Bryson
XLII 2001  Argentina "Ayer te vi" Víctor Heredia Raly Barrionuevo
XLIII 2002  Argentina "Soy tu ángel" Ricardo Pald and Valeria Lynch Oscar Patiño
XLIV 2003  Spain "Este amor es tuyo" Chema Purón Gisela
XLV 2004  Chile "Tus ojos" Alexis Venegas Alexis Venegas
XLVI 2005  Peru "Mi alma entre tus manos" Jessica Sarango, Jorge Pardo and Andrés Landavere Jorge Pardo
XLVII 2006  Costa Rica "Dilo de una vez" Humberto Vargas Valerio Humberto Vargas Valerio
XLVIII 2007  Spain "Cuando quieras volver" Pedro Fernández and Valderrama Díaz Materia Prima
XLIX 2008  Italy "La guerra dei trent' anni" Domenico Protino Domenico Protino
L 2009  Argentina "Ayer te vi" Víctor Heredia Emiliano Ríos
LI 2010  Italy "Volare" Domenico Modugno and Franco Migliacci Simona Galeandro
LII 2011  Canada "Try Anything" Chris Burke-Gaffney, Christopher Ward and Sierra Noble Sierra Noble
LIII 2012  Italy "Grazie a te" Bruno Rubino, Giusseppe di Tella and Denise Faro Denise Faro
LIV 2013  Iceland "Because You Can" Jonas Gladnikoff, Christina Schilling, Camilla Gottschalck, Örlygur Smári and Hera Björk Hera Björk
LV 2014  Canada "Hypnotized" Jeffery Straker Jeffery Straker
LVI 2015  Italy "Per fortuna" Franco Simone Michele Cortese
LVII 2016  Chile "Te quiero" Lucía Covarrubias Cristián & Lucía
LVIII 2017  Spain "Dónde estabas tú" Salvador Beltrán Salvador Beltrán
LIX 2018  Chile "Cobarde" Gabriela Pulgar Gabriela Pulgar
LX 2019  Peru "Ya no más" Susan Ochoa Susan Ochoa
LXI 2020  Chile "Chillán" Vicente Cifuentes Vicente Cifuentes
LXII 2023  Chile "Viento" Yorka Yorka
LXIII 2024  Mexico "El Maestro" Adrián Navarro and Eddy Valenzuela Eddy Valenzuela

Winning countries

Folk contest

[edit]
Between 1974 and 1980 this contest was cancelled by the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
Before 2000, the contest only allowed Chilean composers.
In 2009, the contest included the former winners between 2001 and 2008.
Event Country Song Title Composer Artist
II 1961  Chile "La consentida" Jaime Atria Olga Escobar and Estampas Criollas
III 1962  Chile "El loro aguafiestas" Manuel Lira and José Goles Silvia Infantas and Los Cóndores
IV 1963  Chile "Álamo huacho" Clara Solovera Los Huasos Quincheros
V 1964  Chile "Qué bonita va" Francisco Flores del Campo Los Huasos Quincheros
VI 1965  Chile "Mano nortina" Hernán Álvarez Los Cuatro Cuartos
VII 1966  Chile "La burrerita" Sofanor Tobar Los Paulos
VIII 1967  Chile "Voy pa' Mendoza" Willy Bascuñán Los Solitarios
IX 1968  Chile "Camanchaca y polvareda" Ricardo de la Fuente Los Ponchos Negros
X 1969  Chile "Cuando tomo la guitarra" Orlando Muñoz and Alsino Fuentes Los Alfiles Negros
XI 1970  Chile "El hombre" Rolando Alarcón Rolando Alarcón and Los Emigrantes
XII 1971  Chile "La torcacita" Óscar Cáceres and Luis Barragán Ginette Acevedo
XIII 1972  Chile "Viejo puente" Ariel Arancibia and Fernando Pavez Los Lazos
XIV 1973  Chile "Mi río" Julio Numhauser Charo Cofré
XXII 1981  Chile "Ay, Fernanda" Ricardo de la Fuente Santiago Cuatro
XXIII 1982  Chile "La tejedora" Sandra Ramírez Pedro Messone
XXIV 1983  Chile "En los tiempos de mi abuelo" Roberto Rojas and Juan Castillo Juan Carlos Méndez
XXV 1984  Chile "Chile, una postal" Teresa Rodríguez Los Chacareros de Paine
XXVI 1985  Chile "La reina del Tamarugal" Manuel Veas and Luis Miranda Calichal
XXVII 1986  Chile "Sube a mi lancha" Ignacio Millán Chilote Peñaloza and Los Huillincanos
XXVIII 1987  Chile "Rapa Nui, mi amor" Ignacio Millán and María Teresa Díaz Lorena and Manu Rere
XXIX 1988  Chile "Camino a Socoroma" Danny Rodríguez Los Yanacochas
XXX 1989  Chile "Maja en Aldachildo" Ricardo de la Fuente Ricardo de la Fuente
XXXI 1990  Chile "No habrá verso que me alcance" Yayo Castro and Hugo Castillo Los Surcadores del Viento
XXXII 1991  Chile "De chingana" Héctor Molina Héctor Molina
XXXIII 1992  Chile "Tejiendo está la manque" Cecilia González Leticia and Cantarauco
XXXIV 1993  Chile "Canto del agua" Agustín Moncada Kal
XXXV 1994  Chile "Mirando pa' la bahía" José Luis Hernández José Luis Hernández and Cantamérica
XXXVI 1995  Chile "María Leonor Lucía" Magdalena Matthey Magdalena Matthey
XXXVII 1996  Chile "Cueca tristona" Edson Guerrero Clarita Parra
XXXVIII 1997  Chile "Cartagena" Claudio Guzmán Tito Fernández
XXXIX 1998  Chile "La noche de Chillán" Pablo Neruda and Vicente Bianchi Santiago Cuatro
XL 1999  Chile "Cueca pulenta" Víctor Hugo Campusano Altamar
XLI 2000  Chile "El corralero" Sergio Sauvalle Los Huasos Quincheros
XLII 2001  Chile "Whipala" Danny Rodríguez Danny Rodríguez
XLIII 2002  Peru "Juramento" Carlos Rincón Eduardo del Perú
XLIV 2003  Argentina "Pintadita" Fernando Barrientos Fernando Barrientos
XLV 2004  Argentina "Bailando con tu sombra (Alelí)" Víctor Heredia Abel Pintos
XLVI 2005  Chile "Cueca al sol" Isabel Parra Camila Méndez
XLVII 2006  Chile "Canción de agua y viento" Elizabeth Morris Elizabeth Morris and group
XLVIII 2007  Colombia "Me duele el alma" Leonardo Gómez and Diana Hernández Maria Mulata
XLIX 2008  Peru "Tusuy Kusun" Damaris Mallma Damaris and group
L[33] 2009  Chile "Cueca al sol" Isabel Parra Camila Méndez
LI 2010  Argentina "El cantar es andar" César Isella César Isella
LII 2011  Chile "De Pascua Lama" Patricio Manns Valentina Sepúlveda and Diapazón Porteño
LIII 2012  Chile "Caprichosa" Gogo Muñoz and Lucas Saavedra Mauro Zapata and Fiesta Andina
LIV 2013  Chile "Con el zapatito, con el zapatón" Paula Herrera Paula Herrera
LV 2014  Chile "La retirada" La Pájara Javiera Bobadilla
LVI 2015  Chile "La mejicana" Elizabeth Morris Elizabeth Morris
LVII 2016  Panama "Viene de Panamá" Afrodisiaco
LVIII 2017  Chile "Carnavalito de la esperanza" Juan Andrés Soko and Francisco Flores Trifussa
LIX 2018  Chile "Mundo al revés" Astrid Veas Astrid Veas
LX 2019  Argentina "Justo ahora" Destino San Javier Paolo Rogone, Bruno Rogone and Franco Favini
LXI 2020  Argentina "Avanzar" Nahuel Pennisi
LXII 2023  Peru "Warmisitay" Milena Warthon
LXIII 2024  Argentina "La Luna" Juan José Vasconcellos Ahyre

Winning countries (since 2001, start of International Folk Contest)

  •  Chile: 11 times (and 33 years of National Folk Contest, between 1961-1973 and 1981–2000)
  •  Argentina: 6 times
  •  Peru: 3 times
  •  Colombia: once
  •  Panama: once

Performing Artists

[edit]
Main article: List of performing artists at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival

Every year international artists are invited to perform at the Festival. In the 2003 edition the Italian singer-songwriter Franco Simone received the "Lifetime Achievement Award" for having strung together thirty years of success in South America with his songs translated into Spanish. Notable directors, such as Fernando Rojas, have led some of the performances.

Festival Queen

[edit]

Every year the festival selects a queen. Popular personalities apply to be queen, often offering outrageous stunts to win.

The queen is chosen by a vote organized by the newspaper La Cuarta.[34] Journalists accredited to the Festival express their preferences through a secret ballot.

The day after the election there is a coronation and the delivery of a band and a ring as a prize by the relevant authorities. Since 2001, on the day of the coronation the Queen of the Festival has to dive into the pool at the Hotel O'Higgins in Viña del Mar in front of the media.[35]

Some of the women chosen as Queen include: Celia Cruz, Diana Bolocco, Thalía, Sigrid Alegría, Yuri, Raffaella Carrà, Tonka Tomicic, and Gloria Trevi.

In February 2023, the definitive elimination of the Reina de Viña was announced (assuming the election of the Rey would never take place), before the refusal of the municipality headed by the mayor Macarena Ripamonti, due to the «stigmatization of the woman» and the farandulización of the event. In this way, the Reyes de Viña will be replaced by the «Festival Ambassadors», which will be elected by the general public and the press accredited in the place, in addition to having the purpose of returning to the tradition of awarding the official artists of the Festival and generate awareness about issues that contribute to society.

List of Queens

[edit]
Year Queen Country TV Channel Notes
2020 Rosita Piulats  Chile TVN
2019 Chantal Gayoso  Chile TVN
2018 Betsy Camino  Cuba Canal 13
2017 Kika Silva  Chile Canal 13
2016 Nicole "Luli" Moreno  Chile Canal 13
2015 Jhendelyn Nuñez  Chile Canal 13 Known for participating in Vedette shows.
2014 Sigrid Alegría  Chile Canal 13 Film and TV actress
2013 Dominique Gallego  Chile Canal 13 Star on numerous reality shows
2012 Valeria Ortega  Chile Canal 13 Journalist.
2011 Andrea Dellacasa  Argentina Canal 13 Vedette.
2010 Carolina Arregui  Chile Canal 13 Actress in TV Series, 2010 festival juror
2009 Catherine Fulop  Venezuela Canal 13 Actress in TV Series, 2009 festival juror
2008 Pilar Ruiz  Colombia Reality show participant
2007 Diana Bolocco  Chile Canal 13 Journalist, Cecilia Bolocco's Sister, TV show host.
2006 Tonka Tomicic  Chile TVN Miss World Chile 1995
2005 Luciana Salazar  Argentina Chilevisión Showbiz Queen from Argentina
2004 Carolina "Pampita" Ardohain  Argentina Benjamín Vicuña's wife.
2003 María Eugenia Larraín  Chile Canal 13 Showbiz Queen from Chile.
2002 Patricia Manterola  Mexico Artist invited to the festival that year, crowned for the second time.
2001 Natalia Oreiro  Uruguay Artist invited
2000 Celia Cruz  Cuba  United States Invited the same year, as part of the festival show.
1999 Carla Perez  Brazil Dancer of É o Tchan ! as invited artist.
1998 Sofía Franco  Peru Presenter
1997 Thalía  Mexico Invited artist
1996 Paola Falcone  Chile Miss Chile 1995
1995 Patricia Manterola  Mexico Artist invited
1994 Sofía Vergara  Colombia Presenter
1993 Gloria Trevi  Mexico Artist invited
1992 Lucero  Mexico Had a romance with Felipe Camiroaga
1991 Yuri  Mexico Invited artist
1990 Xuxa  Brazil Invited artist
1989 Myriam Hernández  Chile Invited artist
1988 Marcela "Mache" Sánchez  Peru
1987 Irene Llano  Chile Invited artist
1986 Cindy Valentine  Canada Participated in the "competencia internacional"
1985 María Conchita Alonso  Venezuela Invited artist
1984 Gianina Matei  Romania Participated in "competencia internacional"
1983 Lucía Méndez[n 1]  Mexico Formed part of the festival judging panel
1982 Raffaella Carrà[n 1]  Italy Invited artist
1979 María Graciela Gómez[n 1]  Chile Presenter
Notas
  1. ^ a b c Unofficial election

Queens per country

[edit]
Country # Year
 Chile 16 1979, 1987, 1989, 1996, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020
 Mexico 7 1983, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2002
 Argentina 3 2004, 2005, 2011
 Venezuela 2 1985, 2009
 Colombia 2 1994, 2008
 Brazil 2 1990, 1999
 Peru 2 1988, 1998
 Uruguay 1 2001
 Cuba 2 2000, 2018
 Canada 1 1986
 Romania 1 1984
 Italy 1 1982

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Torres, Cristián (21 December 2022). "El Festival de Viña del Mar reveló quiénes competirán por su premio mayor". Infobae. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  2. ^ Elassar, Alaa (1 March 2020). "Adam Levine apologizes after fans criticize Maroon 5's performance at Viña del Mar festival in Chile". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  3. ^ "Paul Anka cerró con gran éxito, la primera jornada de Viña del Mar". mexico.cnn.com. CNN México. 23 Feb 2010. Archived from the original on 2012-01-29. El Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar es el evento musical más importante del continente
  4. ^ Floras, Stella (18 Feb 2013). "Iceland: Hera Björk in the final of Viña del Mar International Song Contest 2013". www.esctoday.com. [T]he Viña del Mar International Song Contest [is] the oldest and biggest music festival in Latin America
  5. ^ "Tom Jones 'ruge' en la segunda noche del Festival de Viña del Mar"[permanent dead link‍] Agence France-Presse, accessed February 23, 2007
  6. ^ "Chilean organizers cancel Viña del Mar 2022 Festival yet again due to COVID-19". 16 Sep 2021.
  7. ^ a b Perasso, Valeria (25 Feb 2009). "Viña del Mar, "El Monstruo" cumple 50". news.bbc.co.uk.
  8. ^ Urrejola, José (26 February 2020). "Chile: el estallido social se toma el Festival de Viña" (in Spanish). Deutsche Welle (DW). Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  9. ^ Munizaga, Rodrigo (28 February 2020). "Rating: el difícil Viña 2020 es el más visto en nueve años" (in Spanish). La Tercera. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  10. ^ Fortuño, Sergio (26 January 2002). "Latin - Stage Is Set For Viña Del Mar". Billboard. Vol. 114, no. 4. p. 41.
  11. ^ John, Lanert (6 March 1993). "Artists & Music, Latin Notas". Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 10. p. 38.
  12. ^ a b "Escenario de cholguán, 9 artistas y apenas 3 carabineros: así fue el primer Festival de Viña del Mar" (in Spanish). T13. 21 February 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  13. ^ Moreno, Víctor Hugo; Palma, Rodrigo (2007). "Historia del Festival de Viña - 1960-1969: El comienzo - 1960" (in Spanish). El Mercurio on line. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Festival de Viña del Mar: Recordemos cómo fue su primera edición". Radio Oasis - Rock & Pop. 21 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  15. ^ a b Moreno, Víctor Hugo; Palma, Rodrigo. "Historia del Festival de Viña - 1960 - 1969 El Comienzo". El Mercurio on line. p. es. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  16. ^ Cabrera, Natalia (2 March 2019). "Así nació el Festival de Viña del Mar" (in Spanish). France 24. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  17. ^ Liberal de Castro, José; da Silveira Derenji, Jussara (1993). Arquitetura do ferro: memória e questionamento (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal do Pará. ISBN 978-8-5338-0-2025. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  18. ^ a b c "La evolución que ha tenido el escenario del Festival de Viña". 24 Horas. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  19. ^ Varas, José Miguel; González, Juan Pablo (2005). En busca de la música chilena: Crónica y antología de una historia sonora. Editorial Catalonia. ISBN 978-9-56-3242-652.
  20. ^ "Festival de Viña del Mar - Historia". Radio Recuerdos. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  21. ^ Moreno, Víctor Hugo; Palma, Rodrigo. "Historia del Festival de Viña - 1970 - 1979 Década marcada por lo político" (in Spanish). El Mercurio on line. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d Vargas Rojas, Vanessa (February 18, 2015). "Censura, aplausos al dictador y propaganda de derecha: Los días oscuros del Festival de Viña del Mar". El Desconcierto (in Spanish). Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  23. ^ a b c Contreras, Marcelo (February 26, 2021). "Viña bizarro: 20 historias del lado B del Festival". La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  24. ^ Vega Martínez, César (February 21, 2020). "Bajo un clima de tensión: las veces que el Festival de Viña del Mar aludió e incomodó a la Dictadura". Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  25. ^ Ceberio, Jesús (12 September 1980). "Pinochet: "Hemos demostrado al mundo que Chile es una nación democrática"". El País. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  26. ^ T13.cl (10 Nov 2020). "El Festival de Viña del Mar suspende su edición 2021". t13.cl.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Granger, Anthony (2021-11-07). "🇨🇱 Viña del Mar International Song Festival 2022 Cancelled". Eurovoix World. Retrieved 2021-11-08.
  28. ^ "¡Viña volverá a tener festival! Municipio y canales fijaron la fecha de la edición 2023" (in Spanish). adnradio.cl. March 16, 2022. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
  29. ^ Canal 13 (February 7, 2017). "La historia detras de los premios del Festival de Viña del Mar". T13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ Tendencias, LR (February 17, 2020). "Viña del Mar 2020: la diferencia entre las gaviotas de oro, plata y platino". LaRepublica.
  31. ^ Emol (February 17, 2015). "Festival de Viña del Mar elimina la entrega de Antorchas". Emol.
  32. ^ Tendencias, LR (February 17, 2020). "Viña del Mar 2020: la diferencia entre las gaviotas de oro, plata y platino". LaRepublica.
  33. ^ "2009 Song Folk Winner". Archived from the original on 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  34. ^ "Revisa la historia de las reinas de Viña del Mar". www.radioagricultura.cl. 9 Feb 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-02-10. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  35. ^ Núñez, Leonardo (27 Feb 2012). "Los "Piscinazos" que incendiaron el Festival de Viña". www.guioteca.com.
[edit]
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