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{{Short description|Former Royal Air Force station in Caithness, Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox military structure
{{Infobox military installation
|name = RAF Castletown
| name = RAF Castletown
|native_name = [[File:Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg|90px]]
| ensign = Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg
| ensign_size = 90px
|partof =
| native_name =
|location = [[Castletown, Highland|Castletown]], [[Caithness]], [[Scotland]]
| partof = <!-- for elements within a larger site -->
|image =
| location = [[Castletown, Highland|Castletown]], [[Caithness]]
|caption =
| nearest_town = <!-- used in military test site infobox -->
|map_type = Scotland Caithness
| country = Scotland
|latitude = 58.583
| image =
|longitude = -3.341
|map_size =
| alt =
|map_alt =
| caption =
| image2 = <!--secondary image, major command emblems for airfields -->
|map_caption =Location in Caithness
| alt2 =
|type = [[Royal Air Force station]]
|coordinates =
| caption2 =
| type = [[List of former Royal Air Force stations|Royal Air Force satellite station]]
|coord_region =
| coordinates = {{Coord|58|34|58|N|003|20|27|W|display=inline,title}}
|code =
| pushpin_map = Scotland Caithness#UK
|built = {{Start date|df=yes|1939}}
| pushpin_map_caption = Shown within Caithness
|builder =
| pushpin_label = RAF Castletown
|materials =
| pushpin_label_position =
|height =
| ownership = [[Air Ministry]]
|used = 1940-{{End date|df=yes|1945}}
| operator = [[Royal Air Force]]
|demolished =
| controlledby = [[RAF Fighter Command]]<BR>* [[No. 13 Group RAF]]<BR>* [[No. 14 Group RAF]]{{sfn|Falconer|2012|p=61}}
|condition =
| open_to_public = <!-- for out of use sites/sites with museums etc -->
|ownership = [[Air Ministry]]
| site_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
|controlledby = {{air force|United Kingdom}}
| site_other = <!-- for other sorts of facilities – radar types etc -->
|garrison = [[RAF Fighter Command]]<BR>[[RAF Coastal Command]]
| site_area = <!-- area of site m2, km2 square mile etc -->
|commanders =
| code = AX{{sfn|Falconer|2012|p=61}}
|occupants = [[No. 13 Group RAF]]<BR>[[No. 18 Group RAF]]
| built = {{Start date|1939}}/40
|battles = [[Second World War]]
| used = May 1940 – {{End date|1945}}
|events = [[Battle of Britain]] & Defence of [[Scapa Flow]]
|image2 =
| builder =
|caption2 =
| materials =
| height = <!-- height of tallest part, not above sea level -->
| length = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
| fate = <!--changed from demolished parameter-->
| condition =
| battles = [[European theatre of World War II]]
| events = [[Battle of Britain]] & Defence of [[Scapa Flow]]
| past_commanders = <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
| garrison = <!-- such as the 25th Bombardment Group -->
| occupants = <!-- squadrons only -->
| designations =
| website =
| footnotes = <!-- catchall in case it's needed to preserve something in infobox that doesn't work in new code -->
<!-- begin airfield information -->
| IATA =
| ICAO =
| FAA =
| TC =
| LID =
| GPS =
| WMO =
| elevation = {{Convert|27|m|0}}{{sfn|Falconer|2012|p=61}}
| r1-number = 00/00
| r1-length = <!-- {{Convert||m|0}} -->
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| r2-number = 00/00
| r2-length = <!-- {{Convert||m|0}} -->
| r2-surface = Asphalt
| r3-number = 00/00
| r3-length = <!-- {{Convert||m|0}} -->
| r3-surface = Asphalt
| h1-number =
| h1-length = <!-- {{Convert| |m|0}} -->
| h1-surface =
| airfield_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| airfield_other = <!-- for other sorts of airfield facilities -->
<!-- end airfield information -->
}}
}}

'''Royal Air Force station Castletown''' or more simply '''RAF Castletown''' is a former [[Royal Air Force]] [[Royal Air Force station|station]] that operated during the [[Second World War]]. Built near to [[Castletown, Highland|Castletown]] in [[Caithness]], [[Scotland]] the station opened in 1940 and closed in 1945. Initially built to provide a base for [[Fighter aircraft|fighter]] cover for the [[Royal Navy]] base at [[Scapa Flow]], it later became an [[air-sea rescue]] base as well, before closing just after the end of the war in Europe.
'''Royal Air Force Castletown''' or more simply '''RAF Castletown''', is a former [[Royal Air Force]] [[List of former Royal Air Force stations|satellite station]] that operated during the [[World War II|Second World War]]. Built near to [[Castletown, Highland|Castletown]] in [[Caithness]], [[Scotland]] the station opened in 1940 and closed in 1945. Initially built to provide a base for [[Fighter aircraft|fighter]] cover for the [[Royal Navy]] base at [[Scapa Flow]], it later became an [[air-sea rescue]] base as well, before closing just after the end of the war in Europe.


==Air defence of Scapa Flow in 1939==
==Air defence of Scapa Flow in 1939==
At the outbreak of war, the only base available for local air defence of the hugely important Royal navy base at Scapa Flow was the naval airfield, [[RNAS Hatston]]. Hatston had no permanent aircraft allocation and was used by the [[Fleet Air Arm]] (FAA) squadrons from the [[Home fleet]] [[aircraft carrier]]s when they were at Scapa Flow.<ref name="Wickatwar">{{cite web|url=http://www.caithness.org/history/articles/airoperationsrafwickpart1/airoperationsrafwickpartone.htm|title=Air Operations RAF Wick|last=Myers|first=P|publisher=Caithness.org|accessdate=17 March 2010}}</ref> There were no RAF stations nearby and the [[Air Ministry]] took immediate steps to remedy this by requisitioning [[Wick Airport]] which became [[RAF Wick]] and by the end of September 1939 [[Blackburn Skua]] aircraft of [[803 Squadron FAA]] were patrolling over Scapa. At the same time a site was sought for a second airfield. A site was chosen at Thurdistoft near Castletown and work began immediately on the construction of a new station, RAF Castletown.<ref name="Recall3">[[#Recall|Castletown Recalls]] p. 3.</ref>
At the outbreak of war, the only base available for local air defence of the hugely important Royal navy base at Scapa Flow was the naval airfield, [[RNAS Hatston]]. Hatston had no permanent aircraft allocation and was used by the [[Fleet Air Arm]] (FAA) squadrons from the [[Home fleet]] [[aircraft carrier]]s when they were at Scapa Flow.<ref name="Wickatwar">{{cite web|url=http://www.caithness.org/history/articles/airoperationsrafwickpart1/airoperationsrafwickpartone.htm|title=Air Operations RAF Wick|last=Myers|first=P|publisher=Caithness.org|access-date=17 March 2010}}</ref> There were no RAF stations nearby and the [[Air Ministry]] took immediate steps to remedy this by requisitioning [[Wick Airport]] which became [[RAF Wick]] and by the end of September 1939 [[Blackburn Skua]] aircraft of [[803 Naval Air Squadron|803 Squadron FAA]] were patrolling over Scapa. At the same time a site was sought for a second airfield. A site was chosen at Thurdistoft near Castletown and work began immediately on the construction of a new station, RAF Castletown.<ref name="Recall3">[[#Recall|Castletown Recalls]] p. 3.</ref>


==Operational history==
==Operational history==
Castletown officially opened on 28 May 1940<ref name="Recall3"/> as a satellite of RAF Wick.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caithness.org/caithnessfieldclub/bulletins/2002/ww2_defences_in_caithness.htm|title=WW2 Defences in Caithness Part 2, Air Defences|last=Gutteridge|first=Andrew|year=2002|work=Caithness Field Club Bulletin|accessdate=19 March 2010}}</ref> Wick was then a station in [[No. 18 Group RAF|18 Group]], [[RAF Coastal Command|Coastal Command]]<ref name="Wickatwar"/> though also serving as a sector headquarters for [[No. 13 Group RAF|13 Group]] in [[RAF Fighter Command|Fighter Command]]. On 7 June 1940, Castletown ceased to be a satellite of Wick and became an operational station of 13 Group. The new station itself had its own satellite at [[RAF Skitten]], which opened in December 1940.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
Castletown officially opened on 28 May 1940<ref name="Recall3"/> as a satellite of RAF Wick.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caithness.org/caithnessfieldclub/bulletins/2002/ww2_defences_in_caithness.htm|title=WW2 Defences in Caithness Part 2, Air Defences|last=Guttridge|first=Andrew|year=2002|work=Caithness Field Club Bulletin|access-date=19 March 2010}}</ref> Wick was then a station in [[No. 18 Group RAF|18 Group]], [[RAF Coastal Command|Coastal Command]]<ref name="Wickatwar"/> though also serving as a sector headquarters for [[No. 13 Group RAF|13 Group]] in [[RAF Fighter Command|Fighter Command]]. On 7 June 1940, Castletown ceased to be a satellite of Wick and became an operational station of 13 Group. The new station itself had its own satellite at [[RAF Skitten]], which opened in December 1940.{{sfn|Falconer|2012|p=178}}


The first aircraft, [[Hawker Hurricane]]s of [[No. 504 Squadron RAF|504 Squadron]], arrived on 9 June 1940. Throughout the [[Battle of Britain]] Castletown provided air cover for Scapa with 504 Squadron being replaced by [[No. 3 Squadron RAF|3 Squadron]] and later [[No. 232 Squadron RAF|232 Squadron]].<ref>{{cite book |last1= Wood|first1=Derek |authorlink1=Derek Wood (author) |last2=Dempster |first2=Derek |title= The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the rise of air power 1930–1940|url= |format= |accessdate= |edition=2nd |series= |volume= |date= |year=1967 |month= |origyear=1961 |publisher= Arrow Books|location=London |language= |isbn= 978-0-09-002160-4 |lastauthoramp=&}}</ref>
The first aircraft, [[Hawker Hurricane]]s of [[No. 504 Squadron RAF|504 Squadron]], arrived on 9 June 1940. Throughout the [[Battle of Britain]] Castletown provided air cover for Scapa with 504 Squadron being replaced by [[No. 3 Squadron RAF|3 Squadron]] and later [[No. 232 Squadron RAF|232 Squadron]].<ref>{{cite book |last1= Wood|first1=Derek |author-link1=Derek Wood (author) |last2=Dempster |first2=Derek |title= The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the rise of air power 1930–1940|edition=2nd |year=1967 |orig-year=1961 |publisher= Arrow Books|location=London |isbn= 978-0-09-002160-4 |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> From September to October 1940, also [[808 Naval Air Squadron|808 FAA Squadron]], flying [[Fairey Fulmar]]s, operated there, as one of only two FAA squadrons taking part in the Battle of Britain.<ref name=bussy>Bussy, Geoffrey: ''Fairey Fulmar''. Hall Park Books, Warpaint Series. No.41. p. 8</ref>


After the Battle of Britain, the threat of invasion receded but attacks on Scapa continued. In 1941 [[No. 124 Squadron RAF|124 Squadron]] was formed at Castletown to provide convoy and coastal patrols.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history_old/h124.html|title=History of No. 124 Squadron|publisher=Royal Air Force|accessdate=19 March 2010}}</ref> This activity continued until 1944 when the last squadron (by coincidence 504 Squadron) left and the station began to be wound down. The last known aircraft to visit the station was a [[Sikorsky R-4|Sikorsky Hoverfly]] helicopter of [[771 Naval Air Squadron|771 Squadron]] FAA in March 1945<ref name="Recall11">[[#Recall|Castletown Recalls]] p. 11.</ref> and the station closed soon after.<ref name="Recall11"/>
After the Battle of Britain, the threat of invasion receded but attacks on Scapa continued. In 1941 [[No. 124 Squadron RAF|124 Squadron]] was formed at Castletown to provide convoy and coastal patrols.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history_old/h124.html|title=History of No. 124 Squadron|publisher=Royal Air Force|access-date=19 March 2010}}</ref> This activity continued until 1944 when the last squadron (by coincidence 504 Squadron) left and the station began to be wound down. The last known aircraft to visit the station was a [[Sikorsky R-4|Sikorsky Hoverfly]] helicopter of [[771 Naval Air Squadron|771 Squadron]] FAA in March 1945<ref name="Recall11">[[#Recall|Castletown Recalls]] p. 11.</ref> and the station closed soon after.<ref name="Recall11"/>


As fighter activity decreased Castletown became a base for [[air-sea rescue]] duties with [[No. 282 Squadron RAF|282 Squadron]] being raised specifically for this purpose at Castletown in 1943.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/282squadron.cfm|title=282 Squadron|publisher=Royal Air Force|accessdate=19 March 2010}}</ref> 282 Squadron was replaced by 278 Squadron in 1944.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
As fighter activity decreased Castletown became a base for [[air-sea rescue]] duties with [[No. 282 Squadron RAF|282 Squadron]] being raised specifically for this purpose at Castletown in 1943.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/282squadron.cfm|title=282 Squadron|publisher=Royal Air Force|access-date=19 March 2010}}</ref> 282 Squadron was replaced by 278 Squadron in 1944.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}


Ground defence of the station was initially provided by army units but from 1942 onwards [[No. 2816 Squadron RAF Regiment]] fulfilled these duties.<ref>[[#Recall|Castletown Recalls]] p. 13.</ref>
Ground defence of the station was initially provided by army units but from 1942 onwards [[List of RAF Regiment units#2800-2899|No. 2816 Squadron RAF Regiment]] fulfilled these duties.<ref>[[#Recall|Castletown Recalls]] p. 13.</ref>


==Squadrons based at station==
==Squadrons based at station==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!Sqn !! Aircraft !! From !! Arrived !! Departed !! To !! Notes
!Sqn !! Aircraft !! From !! Arrived !! Departed !! To !! Notes
|-
|-
||[[No. 1 Squadron RCAF|1 RCAF]]|| || || 1940 || 1941 || || {{sfn|Falconer|2012|p=61}}
||[[No. 3 Squadron RAF|3]]|| [[Hawker Hurricane]] I || [[RAF Wick]]<BR>[[RAF Turnhouse]]<BR>[[RAF Skaebrae]] || 3 September 1940<BR>13 October 1940<BR>10 February 1941 || 14 September 1940<BR>7 January 1941<BR>3 April 1941 || RAF Turnhouse<BR>RAF Skaebrae<BR>[[RAF Martlesham Heath]] || <ref name="Jefford1988p24">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=24.}}</ref>000<ref>{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=25}}</ref>
|-
|-
||[[No. 17 Squadron RAF|17]]|| Hurricane IIA/I || RAF Martlesham Heath || 5 April 1941 || 16 June 1941 || [[RAF Elgin]] || Detachments at RAF Elgin & [[RAF Sumburgh]].<ref name="Jefford1988p30">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=30.}}</ref>
||[[No. 3 Squadron RAF|3]]|| [[Hawker Hurricane]] I || [[RAF Wick]]<BR>[[RAF Turnhouse]]<BR>[[RAF Skaebrae]] || 3 September 1940<BR>13 October 1940<BR>10 February 1941 || 14 September 1940<BR>7 January 1941<BR>3 April 1941 || RAF Turnhouse<BR>RAF Skaebrae<BR>[[RAF Martlesham Heath]] || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=24}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 54 Squadron RAF|54]]|| [[Supermarine Spitfire]] VB/IIB || [[RAF Hornchurch]] || 17 November 1941 || 2 June 1942 || [[RAF Wellingore]] || <ref name="Jefford1988p42">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=42.}}</ref>
||[[No. 17 Squadron RAF|17]]|| Hurricane IIA/I || RAF Martlesham Heath || 5 April 1941 || 16 June 1941 || [[RAF Elgin]] || Detachments at RAF Elgin & [[RAF Sumburgh]].{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=30}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 66 Squadron RAF|66]]|| Spitfire LF IXB || [[RAF Bognor]] || 8 May 1944 || 14 May 1944 || RAF Bognor || <ref name="Jefford1988p45">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=45.}}</ref>
||[[No. 54 Squadron RAF|54]]|| [[Supermarine Spitfire]] VB/IIB || [[RAF Hornchurch]] || 17 November 1941 || 2 June 1942 || [[RAF Wellingore]] || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=42}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 118 Squadron RAF|118]]|| Spitfire VI || [[RAF Peterhead]] || 19 October 1943 || 20 January 1944 || [[RAF Detling]] || Det at RAF Peterhead.<ref name="Jefford1988p57">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=57.}}</ref>
||[[No. 66 Squadron RAF|66]]|| Spitfire LF IXB || [[RAF Bognor]] || 8 May 1944 || 14 May 1944 || RAF Bognor || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=45}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 123 Squadron RAF|123]]|| Spitfire I/IIA/VB || [[RAF Drem]] || 22 September 1941 || 11 April 1942 || en route [[Egypt]] || Det at [[RAF Tain]].<ref name="Jefford1988p58">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=58.}}</ref>
||[[No. 118 Squadron RAF|118]]|| Spitfire VI || [[RAF Peterhead]] || 19 October 1943 || 20 January 1944 || [[RAF Detling]] || Det at RAF Peterhead.{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=57}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 124 Squadron RAF|124]]|| Spitfire I/IIB/VA/VB || Reformed here || 10 May 1941 || 17 November 1941 || [[RAF Biggin Hill]] || Reformed here.<ref name="Jefford1988p58">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=58.}}</ref>
||[[No. 123 Squadron RAF|123]]|| Spitfire I/IIA/VB || [[RAF Drem]] || 22 September 1941 || 11 April 1942 || en route [[Egypt]] || Det at [[RAF Tain]].{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=58}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 131 Squadron RAF|131]]|| Spitfire VB/VC || [[RAF Westhampnett]] || 22 January 1943 || 26 June 1943 || [[RAF Exeter]] || <ref name="Jefford1988p59">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=59.}}</ref>
||[[No. 124 Squadron RAF|124]]|| Spitfire I/IIB/VA/VB || Reformed here || 10 May 1941 || 17 November 1941 || [[RAF Biggin Hill]] || Reformed here.{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=58}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 132 Squadron RAF|132]]|| Spitfire IXB/VB/VI || [[RAF Detling]] || 17 January 1944 || 10 March 1944 || RAF Detling || <ref name="Jefford1988p59"/>
||[[No. 131 Squadron RAF|131]]|| Spitfire VB/VC || [[RAF Westhampnett]] || 22 January 1943 || 26 June 1943 || [[RAF Exeter]] || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=59}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 167 Squadron RAF|167]]|| Spitfire VB || [[RAF Scorton]] || 1 June 1942 || 14 October 1942 || [[RAF Ludham]] || Det at RAF Peterhead.<ref name="Jefford1988p64">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=64.}}</ref>
||[[No. 132 Squadron RAF|132]]|| Spitfire IXB/VB/VI || [[RAF Detling]] || 17 January 1944 || 10 March 1944 || RAF Detling || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=59}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 213 Squadron RAF|213]]|| Hurricane I || [[RAF Driffield]] || 18 February 1941 || 11 May 1941 || en route Egypt via [[HMS Furious (47)|HMS Furious]] || <ref name="Jefford1988p71">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=71.}}</ref>
||[[No. 167 Squadron RAF|167]]|| Spitfire VB || [[RAF Scorton]] || 1 June 1942 || 14 October 1942 || [[RAF Ludham]] || Det at RAF Peterhead.{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=64}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 232 Squadron RAF|232]]|| Hurricane I || RAF Sumburgh || 18 September 1940 || 13 October 1940 || [[RAF Skitten]] || <ref name="Jefford1988p74">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=74.}}</ref>
||[[No. 213 Squadron RAF|213]]|| Hurricane I || [[RAF Driffield]] || 18 February 1941 || 11 May 1941 || en route Egypt via [[HMS Furious (47)|HMS Furious]] || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=71}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 260 Squadron RAF|260]]|| Hurricane I || Reformed here<BR>RAF Skitten || 22 November 1940<BR>7 January 1941 || 5 December 1940<BR>10 February 1941 || RAF Skitten || <ref name="Jefford1988p80">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=80.}}</ref>
||[[No. 232 Squadron RAF|232]]|| Hurricane I || RAF Sumburgh || 18 September 1940 || 13 October 1940 || [[RAF Skitten]] ||{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=74}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 278 Squadron RAF|278]]|| [[Westland Lysander]] IIA<BR>[[Supermarine Walrus]] || [[RAF Matlask]] || 21 April 1942 || February || [[RAF Shoreham]] || As a detachment from [[RAF Coltishall]].<ref name="Jefford1988p82">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=82.}}</ref>
||[[No. 260 Squadron RAF|260]]|| Hurricane I || Reformed here<BR>RAF Skitten || 22 November 1940<BR>7 January 1941 || 5 December 1940<BR>10 February 1941 || RAF Skitten || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=80}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 282 Squadron RAF|282]]|| Walrus<BR>[[Avro Anson]] I || Formed here || 1 January 1943 || 12 January 1944 || Disbanded || Dets at RAF Peterhead, [[RAF Drem]] and [[RAF Ayr]].<ref name="Jefford1988p83">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=83.}}</ref>
||[[No. 278 Squadron RAF|278]]|| [[Westland Lysander]] IIA<BR>[[Supermarine Walrus]] || [[RAF Matlask]] || 21 April 1942 || February || [[RAF Shoreham]] || As a detachment from [[RAF Coltishall]].{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=82}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 310 Squadron RAF|310]]|| Spitfire VA/VB/VI || RAF Exeter || 26 June 1943 || 19 September 1943 || [[RAF Ibsley]] || Det at RAF Sumburgh.<ref name="Jefford1988p85">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=85.}}</ref>
||[[No. 282 Squadron RAF|282]]|| Walrus<BR>[[Avro Anson]] I || Formed here || 1 January 1943 || 12 January 1944 || Disbanded || Dets at RAF Peterhead, [[RAF Drem]] and [[RAF Ayr]].{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=83}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 331 Squadron RAF|331]]|| Hurricane I/IIB || [[RAF Catterick]] || 21 August 1941 || 21 September 1941 || RAF Skaebrae || <ref name="Jefford1988p87">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=87.}}</ref>
||[[No. 310 Squadron RAF|310]]|| Spitfire VA/VB/VI || RAF Exeter || 26 June 1943 || 19 September 1943 || [[RAF Ibsley]] || Det at RAF Sumburgh.{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=85}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 404 Squadron RAF|404]]|| [[Bristol Blenheim]] IVF || [[RAF Thorney Island]] || 20 June 1941 || 27 July 1941 || RAF Skitten || <ref name="Jefford1988p89">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=89.}}</ref>
||[[No. 331 Squadron RAF|331]]|| Hurricane I/IIB || [[RAF Catterick]] || 21 August 1941 || 21 September 1941 || RAF Skaebrae || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=87}}
|-
|-
||[[404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron|404 RCAF]]|| [[Bristol Blenheim]] IVF || [[RAF Thorney Island]] || 20 June 1941 || 27 July 1941 || RAF Skitten || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=89}}
||[[No. 504 Squadron RAF|504]]|| Hurricane I<BR>Spitfire VB/VC/VI<BR>Spitfire IXB/VB || RAF Wick<BR>[[RAF Redhill]]<BR>[[RAF Hornchurch]] || 21 June 1940<BR>19 September 1943<BR>10 March 1944 || 2 September 1940<BR>18 October 1943<BR>30 April 1944 || RAF Catterick<BR>RAF Peterhead<BR>[[RAF Digby]] || Full strength.<ref name="Jefford1988p95">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=95.}}</ref><BR>Det at Sumburgh.<ref name="Jefford1988p95"/><BR>Full strength.<ref name="Jefford1988p95"/>
|-
|-
||[[No. 607 Squadron RAF|607]]|| Hurricane I || RAF Skitten || 27 July 1941 || 20 August 1941 || RAF Skitten || <ref name="Jefford1988p99">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=99.}}</ref>
||[[No. 504 Squadron RAF|504]]|| Hurricane I<BR>Spitfire VB/VC/VI<BR>Spitfire IXB/VB || RAF Wick<BR>[[RAF Redhill]]<BR>[[RAF Hornchurch]] || 21 June 1940<BR>19 September 1943<BR>10 March 1944 || 2 September 1940<BR>18 October 1943<BR>30 April 1944 || RAF Catterick<BR>RAF Peterhead<BR>[[RAF Digby]] || Full strength.{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=95}}<BR>Det at Sumburgh.{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=95}}<BR>Full strength.{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=95}}
|-
|-
||[[No. 610 Squadron RAF|610]]|| Spitfire VB/VC || RAF Ludham || 15 October 1942 || 20 January 1943 || RAF Westhampnett || <ref name="Jefford1988p99"/>
||[[No. 607 Squadron RAF|607]]|| Hurricane I || RAF Skitten || 27 July 1941 || 20 August 1941 || RAF Skitten || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=99}}
|-
||[[No. 610 Squadron RAF|610]]|| Spitfire VB/VC || RAF Ludham || 15 October 1942 || 20 January 1943 || RAF Westhampnett || {{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=99}}
|-
||[[808 Naval Air Squadron|808 FAA]]|| [[Fairey Fulmar|Fulmar I]] || [[RNAS Worthy Down]] || 5 September 1940 || 2 October 1940 || [[RNAS Donibristle]] || <ref name=bussy/>
|-
|-
|}
|}
The following RAF Regiment units were here at some point:<ref name="ABCT">{{cite web|url=https://www.abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/castletown/ |title=Castletown |publisher=[[Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust]]|access-date=12 June 2020}}</ref>
* [[No. 2833 Squadron RAF Regiment]]
* [[No. 2877 Squadron RAF Regiment]]


==References==
==References==
===Citations===
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist}}


===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|title=Castletown Recalls 1939&ndash;1945|editor=Andrew Gutteridge|publisher=Castletown Heritage Society|year=2005|url=http://www.castletownheritage.co.uk/booklet.pdf|accessdate=17 March 2010|ref=Recall}}
*{{cite book|title=Castletown Recalls 1939–1945|editor=Andrew Guttridge|publisher=Castletown Heritage Society|year=2005|url=http://www.castletownheritage.co.uk/booklet.pdf|access-date=17 March 2010|ref=Recall}}
*{{cite book |last1=Jefford [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] |first1=[[Wing Commander (rank)|Wg Cdr]] C G |title= RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912 |year=1988 |publisher=Airlife |location= [[Shrewsbury]] |isbn= 1-85310-053-6 |ref= harv}}
*{{cite book |last1=Falconer|first1=J|title=RAF Airfields of World War 2 |year=2012 |publisher= Ian Allan Publishing|location= UK|isbn=978-1-85780-349-5}}
*{{cite book |last1=Jefford |first1= C G |title= RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912 |year=1988 |publisher= Airlife |location= [[Shrewsbury]] |isbn= 1-85310-053-6 }}


{{Commons category|RAF Castletown}}
==External links==


{{Royal Air Force}}
{{Royal Air Force}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Castletown}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Castletown}}
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[[Category:Caithness]]
[[Category:Caithness]]
[[Category:Defunct airports in Scotland]]
[[Category:Defunct airports in Scotland]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1940]]

Latest revision as of 00:02, 6 November 2024

RAF Castletown
Castletown, Caithness in Scotland
RAF Castletown is located in Caithness
RAF Castletown
RAF Castletown
Shown within Caithness
RAF Castletown is located in the United Kingdom
RAF Castletown
RAF Castletown
RAF Castletown (the United Kingdom)
Coordinates58°34′58″N 003°20′27″W / 58.58278°N 3.34083°W / 58.58278; -3.34083
TypeRoyal Air Force satellite station
CodeAX[1]
Site information
OwnerAir Ministry
OperatorRoyal Air Force
Controlled byRAF Fighter Command
* No. 13 Group RAF
* No. 14 Group RAF[1]
Site history
Built1939 (1939)/40
In useMay 1940 – 1945 (1945)
Battles/warsEuropean theatre of World War II
EventsBattle of Britain & Defence of Scapa Flow
Airfield information
Elevation27 metres (89 ft)[1] AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
00/00  Asphalt
00/00  Asphalt
00/00  Asphalt

Royal Air Force Castletown or more simply RAF Castletown, is a former Royal Air Force satellite station that operated during the Second World War. Built near to Castletown in Caithness, Scotland the station opened in 1940 and closed in 1945. Initially built to provide a base for fighter cover for the Royal Navy base at Scapa Flow, it later became an air-sea rescue base as well, before closing just after the end of the war in Europe.

Air defence of Scapa Flow in 1939

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At the outbreak of war, the only base available for local air defence of the hugely important Royal navy base at Scapa Flow was the naval airfield, RNAS Hatston. Hatston had no permanent aircraft allocation and was used by the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) squadrons from the Home fleet aircraft carriers when they were at Scapa Flow.[2] There were no RAF stations nearby and the Air Ministry took immediate steps to remedy this by requisitioning Wick Airport which became RAF Wick and by the end of September 1939 Blackburn Skua aircraft of 803 Squadron FAA were patrolling over Scapa. At the same time a site was sought for a second airfield. A site was chosen at Thurdistoft near Castletown and work began immediately on the construction of a new station, RAF Castletown.[3]

Operational history

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Castletown officially opened on 28 May 1940[3] as a satellite of RAF Wick.[4] Wick was then a station in 18 Group, Coastal Command[2] though also serving as a sector headquarters for 13 Group in Fighter Command. On 7 June 1940, Castletown ceased to be a satellite of Wick and became an operational station of 13 Group. The new station itself had its own satellite at RAF Skitten, which opened in December 1940.[5]

The first aircraft, Hawker Hurricanes of 504 Squadron, arrived on 9 June 1940. Throughout the Battle of Britain Castletown provided air cover for Scapa with 504 Squadron being replaced by 3 Squadron and later 232 Squadron.[6] From September to October 1940, also 808 FAA Squadron, flying Fairey Fulmars, operated there, as one of only two FAA squadrons taking part in the Battle of Britain.[7]

After the Battle of Britain, the threat of invasion receded but attacks on Scapa continued. In 1941 124 Squadron was formed at Castletown to provide convoy and coastal patrols.[8] This activity continued until 1944 when the last squadron (by coincidence 504 Squadron) left and the station began to be wound down. The last known aircraft to visit the station was a Sikorsky Hoverfly helicopter of 771 Squadron FAA in March 1945[9] and the station closed soon after.[9]

As fighter activity decreased Castletown became a base for air-sea rescue duties with 282 Squadron being raised specifically for this purpose at Castletown in 1943.[10] 282 Squadron was replaced by 278 Squadron in 1944.[citation needed]

Ground defence of the station was initially provided by army units but from 1942 onwards No. 2816 Squadron RAF Regiment fulfilled these duties.[11]

Squadrons based at station

[edit]
Sqn Aircraft From Arrived Departed To Notes
1 RCAF 1940 1941 [1]
3 Hawker Hurricane I RAF Wick
RAF Turnhouse
RAF Skaebrae		 3 September 1940
13 October 1940
10 February 1941		 14 September 1940
7 January 1941
3 April 1941		 RAF Turnhouse
RAF Skaebrae
RAF Martlesham Heath		 [12]
17 Hurricane IIA/I RAF Martlesham Heath 5 April 1941 16 June 1941 RAF Elgin Detachments at RAF Elgin & RAF Sumburgh.[13]
54 Supermarine Spitfire VB/IIB RAF Hornchurch 17 November 1941 2 June 1942 RAF Wellingore [14]
66 Spitfire LF IXB RAF Bognor 8 May 1944 14 May 1944 RAF Bognor [15]
118 Spitfire VI RAF Peterhead 19 October 1943 20 January 1944 RAF Detling Det at RAF Peterhead.[16]
123 Spitfire I/IIA/VB RAF Drem 22 September 1941 11 April 1942 en route Egypt Det at RAF Tain.[17]
124 Spitfire I/IIB/VA/VB Reformed here 10 May 1941 17 November 1941 RAF Biggin Hill Reformed here.[17]
131 Spitfire VB/VC RAF Westhampnett 22 January 1943 26 June 1943 RAF Exeter [18]
132 Spitfire IXB/VB/VI RAF Detling 17 January 1944 10 March 1944 RAF Detling [18]
167 Spitfire VB RAF Scorton 1 June 1942 14 October 1942 RAF Ludham Det at RAF Peterhead.[19]
213 Hurricane I RAF Driffield 18 February 1941 11 May 1941 en route Egypt via HMS Furious [20]
232 Hurricane I RAF Sumburgh 18 September 1940 13 October 1940 RAF Skitten [21]
260 Hurricane I Reformed here
RAF Skitten		 22 November 1940
7 January 1941		 5 December 1940
10 February 1941		 RAF Skitten [22]
278 Westland Lysander IIA
Supermarine Walrus		 RAF Matlask 21 April 1942 February RAF Shoreham As a detachment from RAF Coltishall.[23]
282 Walrus
Avro Anson I		 Formed here 1 January 1943 12 January 1944 Disbanded Dets at RAF Peterhead, RAF Drem and RAF Ayr.[24]
310 Spitfire VA/VB/VI RAF Exeter 26 June 1943 19 September 1943 RAF Ibsley Det at RAF Sumburgh.[25]
331 Hurricane I/IIB RAF Catterick 21 August 1941 21 September 1941 RAF Skaebrae [26]
404 RCAF Bristol Blenheim IVF RAF Thorney Island 20 June 1941 27 July 1941 RAF Skitten [27]
504 Hurricane I
Spitfire VB/VC/VI
Spitfire IXB/VB		 RAF Wick
RAF Redhill
RAF Hornchurch		 21 June 1940
19 September 1943
10 March 1944		 2 September 1940
18 October 1943
30 April 1944		 RAF Catterick
RAF Peterhead
RAF Digby		 Full strength.[28]
Det at Sumburgh.[28]
Full strength.[28]
607 Hurricane I RAF Skitten 27 July 1941 20 August 1941 RAF Skitten [29]
610 Spitfire VB/VC RAF Ludham 15 October 1942 20 January 1943 RAF Westhampnett [29]
808 FAA Fulmar I RNAS Worthy Down 5 September 1940 2 October 1940 RNAS Donibristle [7]

The following RAF Regiment units were here at some point:[30]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d Falconer 2012, p. 61.
  2. ^ a b Myers, P. "Air Operations RAF Wick". Caithness.org. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
  3. ^ a b Castletown Recalls p. 3.
  4. ^ Guttridge, Andrew (2002). "WW2 Defences in Caithness Part 2, Air Defences". Caithness Field Club Bulletin. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  5. ^ Falconer 2012, p. 178.
  6. ^ Wood, Derek & Dempster, Derek (1967) [1961]. The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the rise of air power 1930–1940 (2nd ed.). London: Arrow Books. ISBN 978-0-09-002160-4.
  7. ^ a b Bussy, Geoffrey: Fairey Fulmar. Hall Park Books, Warpaint Series. No.41. p. 8
  8. ^ "History of No. 124 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  9. ^ a b Castletown Recalls p. 11.
  10. ^ "282 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  11. ^ Castletown Recalls p. 13.
  12. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 24.
  13. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 30.
  14. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 42.
  15. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 45.
  16. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 57.
  17. ^ a b Jefford 1988, p. 58.
  18. ^ a b Jefford 1988, p. 59.
  19. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 64.
  20. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 71.
  21. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 74.
  22. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 80.
  23. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 82.
  24. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 83.
  25. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 85.
  26. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 87.
  27. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 89.
  28. ^ a b c Jefford 1988, p. 95.
  29. ^ a b Jefford 1988, p. 99.
  30. ^ "Castletown". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 12 June 2020.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Andrew Guttridge, ed. (2005). Castletown Recalls 1939–1945 (PDF). Castletown Heritage Society. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
  • Falconer, J (2012). RAF Airfields of World War 2. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-349-5.
  • Jefford, C G (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
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