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{{Short description|German composer and writer}}
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{{Infobox royalty|princess
{{expand German|date=March 2023|topic=bio}}
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| title = Princess Amalie of Saxony
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{{Infobox royalty
| name = Princess Amalie
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| name = Princess Amalie
| full name = {{lang-de|Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal}}
| full name = {{langx|de|Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal}}
| image =María Amalia of Saxony by López Portaña.jpg
| image = María Amalia of Saxony by López Portaña.jpg
| caption =
| caption = Maria Amalie in 1825, portrait by [[Vicente López Portaña]].
| spouse =
| issue =
| spouse = Franciscus de Merendonque ???
| issue = Johannes de Merendonque ???
| house = [[House of Wettin|Wettin]]
| father =[[Prince Maximilian of Saxony]]
| house = [[House of Wettin|Wettin]]
| mother =[[Princess Carolina of Parma]]
| father = [[Prince Maximilian of Saxony]]
| mother = [[Princess Carolina of Parma]]
| birth_date ={{birth date|1794|8|10|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1794|8|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pillnitz]], [[Dresden]]
| birth_place = [[Pillnitz]], [[Dresden]]
| death_date ={{death date and age|1870|9|18|1794|8|10|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1870|9|18|1794|8|10|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Pillnitz]], [[Dresden]]
| death_place = [[Pillnitz]], [[Dresden]]
| burial_place = [[Katholische Hofkirche]]
| burial_place = [[Katholische Hofkirche]]
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}}
| religion = [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]
⚫
'''Amalie Marie Friederike Auguste''' (10 August 1794&nbsp;– 18 September 1870),<ref name=BBDoM>{{cite book |editor=Slonimsky, Nicolas |title=Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Schrimer Books |year=2001 |page=67}}</ref> Princess of Saxony, full name Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal, was a German composer writing under the [[pen name]] ''A. Serena'', and a dramatist under the name ''Amalie Heiter''. She was the daughter of [[Prince Maximilian of Saxony]] and [[Princess Carolina of Parma]].
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|}}
⚫
'''Amalie Marie Friederike Auguste''' (10 August 1794&nbsp;– 18 September 1870),<ref>Slonimsky, Nicolas, ed. ''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians''. Vol. 1. New York : Schrimer Books 2001: 67.</ref> Princess of Saxony, full name Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal, was a German composer writing under the [[pen name]] ''A. Serena'', and a dramatist under the name ''Amalie Heiter''. She was the daughter of [[Prince Maximilian of Saxony]] and [[Princess Carolina of Parma]]. She was the granddaughter of [[Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony]]; niece of [[Frederick Augustus I, King of Saxony]] and [[Anthony, King of Saxony]]; sister of [[Frederick Augustus II, King of Saxony]] and [[John, King of Saxony]]; and aunt of [[Albert, King of Saxony]] and [[George, King of Saxony]].


==Life==
==Life==
Princess Amalie was the eldest child of [[Prince Maximilian of Saxony]] and [[Princess Carolina of Parma]]. She was named after her maternal grandmother, [[Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma]]. She was also the granddaughter of [[Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony]]; niece of [[Frederick Augustus I, King of Saxony]] and [[Anthony, King of Saxony]]; sister of [[Frederick Augustus II, King of Saxony]] and [[John, King of Saxony]]; and aunt of [[Albert, King of Saxony]] and [[George, King of Saxony]].
Princess Amalie lived her entire life in [[Pillnitz Castle]] near [[Dresden, Germany]]. She was a well-educated and intellectually curious woman who composed chamber music, opera, and sacred music, sang, wrote comedies, and played the harpsichord.<ref>''Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia''. Vol. 1. Woodbridge, CT : Yorkin, 1999: 254–255.</ref>


Amalie was a young girl during the time of the [[Napoleonic wars]] and had to flee from her castle several times. She and her family were forced to sleep on straw wherever they could find shelter. She met [[Napoleon]] several times and held a negative opinion of him. When Napoleon observed that she was angry with him because he warred against her family, but that she should and would accustom herself to the situation, she firmly replied that there were some things that can't be accustomed to.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Princess Amalie of Saxony and Napoleon|journal=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 May 1883|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10A17FE3F5511738DDDAA0994DD405B8384F0D3}}</ref>
She lived her entire life in [[Pillnitz Castle]] near [[Dresden]]. She was a well-educated and intellectually curious woman who composed chamber music, opera, and sacred music, sang, wrote comedies, and played the harpsichord. She married Franciscus de Merendonque in 1817.<ref name=WiWH>{{cite book | title=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia |volume=1 |location=Woodbridge, CT |publisher=Yorkin |year=1999 |pages=254–255}}</ref>
Amalie was a young girl during the time of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and had to flee from her castle several times. She and her family were forced to sleep on straw wherever they could find shelter. She met [[Napoleon]] several times and held a negative opinion of him. When Napoleon observed that she was angry with him because he warred against her family, but that she should and would accustom herself to the situation, she firmly replied that there were some things one can't be accustomed to.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Princess Amalie of Saxony and Napoleon|journal=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 May 1883|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10A17FE3F5511738DDDAA0994DD405B8384F0D3}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==


===Music===
===Music===
Amalie studied music with [[Joseph Schuster (composer)|Joseph Schuster]], [[Vincenzo Rastrelli]], [[Johann Miksch]], [[Franz Anton Schubert]] and [[Carl Maria von Weber]]. She began writing music in 1811 and composed numerous operas, popular among the Dresden elite. She published her musical works under the pseudonym A. Serena. Her most popular compositions were her comedic operas. She portrayed her characters with innovation and color.<ref>Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Woodbridge, CT : Yorkin, 1999. Vol. 1. pp. 254–255.</ref> Weber found her "highly talented."<ref>The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers. Eva Rieger. New York : W.W. Norton and Company, 1995, p. 12.</ref>
Amalie studied music with [[Joseph Schuster (composer)|Joseph Schuster]], Vincenzo Rastrelli, Johann Miksch, [[François Schubert|Franz Schubert]], and [[Carl Maria von Weber]]. She began writing music in 1811 and composed numerous operas, popular among the Dresden elite. She published her musical works under the pseudonym A. Serena. Her most popular compositions were her comedic operas. She portrayed her characters with innovation and color.<ref name=WiWH/> Weber found her "highly talented".<ref name=DWC>{{cite book |title=The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers |editor=Eva Rieger |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton and Company |year=1995 |page=12}}</ref>


===Dramatics===
===Dramatics===
In 1829/30, she published two dramas under the name of Amalie Heiter. Among her subsequent dramatic works, which were noted for a love of humanity and virtue, her comedies ''Der Onkel'' (“The Uncle”) and ''Die Fürstenbraut'' (“The Prince's bride”) became very popular. The latter was performed in [[Paris]] under the title ''Une femme charmante'' (“A charming woman,” 1840). Others of her plays were also adapted to the French stage. A complete edition of her dramatic works was published in Dresden, for the benefit of the women's association, under the title of ''Originalbeiträge zur deutschen Schaubühne'' (“Original contributions to the German stage,” 6 vols., 1837–42). A 3rd edition of the 1st volume appeared in 1858, and a French version of it (''Comédies'') at Paris in 1841. Six of her dramas were translated into English by Jameson (London, 1846), and six others were translated anonymously (1848).<ref>{{AmCyc|wstitle=Amalie, Marie Friederike Auguste|inline=1}}</ref>
In 1829/30, she published two dramas under the name of Amalie Heiter. Among her subsequent dramatic works, which were noted for a love of humanity and virtue, her comedies ''Der Onkel'' ("The Uncle") and ''Die Fürstenbraut'' ("The Prince's bride") became very popular. The latter was performed in [[Paris]] under the title ''Une femme charmante'' ("A charming woman", 1840). Some of her other plays were also adapted to the French stage. A complete edition of her dramatic works was published in Dresden, for the benefit of the women's association, under the title of ''Originalbeiträge zur deutschen Schaubühne'' ("Original contributions to the German stage", 6 vols., 1837–42). A third edition of the first volume appeared in 1858, and a French version of it (''Comédies'') at Paris in 1841. Six of her dramas were translated into English by [[Anna Jameson]] (London, 1846), and six others were translated anonymously (1848).<ref>{{AmCyc|wstitle=Amalie, Marie Friederike Auguste|inline=1}}</ref>


==Musical works==
==Musical works==
[[Image:Sachsen, Maria Amalia (1794-1870).jpg|thumb|Amalie, Princess of Saxony.]]
* ''Una donna'' (1816)
* ''Una donna'' (1816)
* ''Le nozze funeste'' (1816)
* ''Le nozze funeste'' (1816)
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* ''Il marchesino'' (1833)
* ''Il marchesino'' (1833)
* ''Die Siegesfahne'' (operetta, 1834)
* ''Die Siegesfahne'' (operetta, 1834)
* ''[[La casa disabitata]]'' (1835)<ref>Rieger, Eva, ed. ''The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers''. New York : W.W. Norton and Company, 1995: 12.</ref>
* ''[[La casa disabitata]]'' (1835)<ref name=DWC/>


==Ancestry==
==Ancestry==
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|1= 1. '''Princess Amalie of Saxony'''
|1= 1. '''Princess Amalie of Saxony'''
|2= 2. [[Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony]]
|2= 2. [[Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony]]
Line 66: Line 62:
|5= 5. [[Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria]]
|5= 5. [[Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria]]
|6= 6. [[Ferdinand, Duke of Parma]]
|6= 6. [[Ferdinand, Duke of Parma]]
|7= 7. [[Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria]]
|7= 7. [[Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma|Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria]]
|8= 8. [[Augustus III of Poland]]
|8= 8. [[Augustus III of Poland]]
|9= 9. [[Maria Josepha of Austria]]
|9= 9. [[Maria Josepha of Austria]]
|10= 10. [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|10= 10. [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|11= 11. [[Maria Amalia of Austria]]
|11= 11. [[Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress|Maria Amalia of Austria]]
|12= 12. [[Philip, Duke of Parma]]
|12= 12. [[Philip, Duke of Parma]]
|13= 13. [[Louise Élisabeth of France]]
|13= 13. [[Louise Élisabeth of France]]
|14= 14. [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|14= 14. [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|15= 15. [[Maria Theresa of Austria]]
|15= 15. [[Maria Theresa of Austria]]
}}
|16= 16. [[Augustus II the Strong]]
|17= 17. [[Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]]
|18= 18. [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (=#22)
|19= 19. [[Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (=#23)
|20= 20. [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]]
|21= 21. [[Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska]]
|22= 22. [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (=#18)
|23= 23. [[Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (=#19)
|24= 24. [[Philip V of Spain]]
|25= 25. [[Elisabeth Farnese]]
|26= 26. [[Louis XV of France]]
|27= 27. [[Marie Leszczyńska]]
|28= 28. [[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine]]
|29= 29. [[Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans]]
|30= 30. [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|31= 31. [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
}}</center>
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{{ahnentafel bottom}}


==References==
==References==
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===Modern works===
===Modern works===
* Slonimsky, Nicolas, ed. ''[[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]]''. Vol. 1. New York: Schrimer Books, 2001: 67.
* {{cite book |editor=Slonimsky, Nicolas |title=[[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]] |location=New York |publisher=Schrimer Books |year=2001}}
* ''[[Women in World History|Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia]]''. Vol. 1. Woodbridge, CT: Yorkin, 1999: 254–255.
*{{cite book | title=[[Women in World History|Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia]] |location=Woodbridge, CT |publisher=Yorkin |year=1999}}
* Rieger, Eva, ed. ''The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers''. New York : W.W. Norton and Company, 1995: 12.
*{{cite book |title=The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers |editor=Rieger, Eva |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton and Company |year=1995}}

===Older sources===
===Older sources===
* {{cite Q|Q115654216|editor1=Henry Gardiner Adams}}<!-- [[s:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Amelia Maria Frederica Augusta]] -->
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Amalie, Marie Friederike Auguste}}
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Amalie, Marie Friederike Auguste}}
* {{Cite journal|title=The Princess Amalie of Saxony and Napoleon|journal=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 May 1883|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10A17FE3F5511738DDDAA0994DD405B8384F0D3}} This is an extract from another publication.
* {{Cite journal|title=The Princess Amalie of Saxony and Napoleon|journal=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 May 1883|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10A17FE3F5511738DDDAA0994DD405B8384F0D3}} This is an extract from another publication.
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[[Category:1794 births]]
[[Category:1794 births]]
[[Category:1870 deaths]]
[[Category:1870 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century German classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century German dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century German dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century German musicians]]
[[Category:19th-century German women writers]]
[[Category:19th-century women writers]]
[[Category:Albertine branch]]
[[Category:Burials at Katholische Hofkirche]]
[[Category:Burials at Dresden Cathedral]]
[[Category:Dames of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa]]
[[Category:German Romantic composers]]
[[Category:German classical composers]]
[[Category:German women classical composers]]
[[Category:German female classical composers]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:German women dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:German women dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:House of Wettin]]
[[Category:House of Wettin]]
[[Category:People from Dresden]]
[[Category:Musicians from Dresden]]
[[Category:Saxon princesses]]
[[Category:Saxon princesses]]
[[Category:Dames of the Order of the Starry Cross]]
[[Category:19th-century German women composers]]

Latest revision as of 06:48, 6 November 2024

Princess Amalie
Maria Amalie in 1825, portrait by Vicente López Portaña.
Born(1794-08-10)10 August 1794
Pillnitz, Dresden
Died18 September 1870(1870-09-18) (aged 76)
Pillnitz, Dresden
Burial
Katholische Hofkirche
SpouseFranciscus de Merendonque ???
IssueJohannes de Merendonque ???
Names
German: Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal
HouseWettin
FatherPrince Maximilian of Saxony
MotherPrincess Carolina of Parma

Amalie Marie Friederike Auguste (10 August 1794 – 18 September 1870),[1] Princess of Saxony, full name Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal, was a German composer writing under the pen name A. Serena, and a dramatist under the name Amalie Heiter. She was the daughter of Prince Maximilian of Saxony and Princess Carolina of Parma.

Life

[edit]

Princess Amalie was the eldest child of Prince Maximilian of Saxony and Princess Carolina of Parma. She was named after her maternal grandmother, Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma. She was also the granddaughter of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony; niece of Frederick Augustus I, King of Saxony and Anthony, King of Saxony; sister of Frederick Augustus II, King of Saxony and John, King of Saxony; and aunt of Albert, King of Saxony and George, King of Saxony.

She lived her entire life in Pillnitz Castle near Dresden. She was a well-educated and intellectually curious woman who composed chamber music, opera, and sacred music, sang, wrote comedies, and played the harpsichord. She married Franciscus de Merendonque in 1817.[2]

Amalie was a young girl during the time of the Napoleonic Wars and had to flee from her castle several times. She and her family were forced to sleep on straw wherever they could find shelter. She met Napoleon several times and held a negative opinion of him. When Napoleon observed that she was angry with him because he warred against her family, but that she should and would accustom herself to the situation, she firmly replied that there were some things one can't be accustomed to.[3]

Career

[edit]

Music

[edit]

Amalie studied music with Joseph Schuster, Vincenzo Rastrelli, Johann Miksch, Franz Schubert, and Carl Maria von Weber. She began writing music in 1811 and composed numerous operas, popular among the Dresden elite. She published her musical works under the pseudonym A. Serena. Her most popular compositions were her comedic operas. She portrayed her characters with innovation and color.[2] Weber found her "highly talented".[4]

Dramatics

[edit]

In 1829/30, she published two dramas under the name of Amalie Heiter. Among her subsequent dramatic works, which were noted for a love of humanity and virtue, her comedies Der Onkel ("The Uncle") and Die Fürstenbraut ("The Prince's bride") became very popular. The latter was performed in Paris under the title Une femme charmante ("A charming woman", 1840). Some of her other plays were also adapted to the French stage. A complete edition of her dramatic works was published in Dresden, for the benefit of the women's association, under the title of Originalbeiträge zur deutschen Schaubühne ("Original contributions to the German stage", 6 vols., 1837–42). A third edition of the first volume appeared in 1858, and a French version of it (Comédies) at Paris in 1841. Six of her dramas were translated into English by Anna Jameson (London, 1846), and six others were translated anonymously (1848).[5]

Musical works

[edit]
  • Una donna (1816)
  • Le nozze funeste (1816)
  • Le tre cinture (1817)
  • Il prigioniere (1820)
  • L'americana (1820)
  • Elvira (1821)
  • Elisa ed Ernesto (1823)
  • La fedeltà alla prova (1826)
  • Vecchiezza e gioventù (1828)
  • Il figlio pentito (1831)
  • Il marchesino (1833)
  • Die Siegesfahne (operetta, 1834)
  • La casa disabitata (1835)[4]

Ancestry

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amalie of Saxony (1794–1870).
  1. ^ Slonimsky, Nicolas, ed. (2001). Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Vol. 1. New York: Schrimer Books. p. 67.
  2. ^ a b Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Woodbridge, CT: Yorkin. 1999. pp. 254–255.
  3. ^ "The Princess Amalie of Saxony and Napoleon". The New York Times. 13 May 1883.
  4. ^ a b Eva Rieger, ed. (1995). The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers. New York: W. W. Norton and Company. p. 12.
  5. ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Amalie, Marie Friederike Auguste" . The American Cyclopædia.

Bibliography

[edit]

Modern works

[edit]

Older sources

[edit]
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