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m Robot - Moving category Colombian ambassadors to the United States to Category:Ambassadors of Colombia to the United States per CFD at Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2011 September 13.
 
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{{short description|Colombian statesman, twice President of the United States of Colombia}}
{{spanish name 2|Murillo|Toro}}
{{family name hatnote|Murillo|Toro|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox President
{{Infobox President
|name = Manuel Murillo Toro
|name = Manuel Murillo Toro
|image = Manuel Murillo Toro.JPG
|image = Manuel Murillo Toro by Brady.jpg
|caption =
|caption =
|order = 9th
|order = 9th
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|term_start2 = 8 April 1864
|term_start2 = 8 April 1864
|term_end2 = 1 April 1866
|term_end2 = 1 April 1866
|predecessor2 = [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]]
|predecessor2 = [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera]]
|successor2 = [[Santos Acosta]]
|successor2 = [[José María Rojas Garrido]]
|order3 = 2nd
|order3 = 2nd
|office3 = President of the Sovereign State of Santander
|office3 = President of the Sovereign State of Santander
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|successor6 = José Sergio Camargo Pinzón
|successor6 = José Sergio Camargo Pinzón
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1816|01|01}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1816|01|01}}
|birth_place = Chaparral, [[Tolima Department|Tolima]]
|birth_place = [[Chaparral, Tolima]], U.S. Colombia
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1880|12|26|1816|01|01}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1880|12|26|1816|01|01}}
|death_place = [[Bogotá]], [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]], [[United States of Colombia]]
|death_place = [[Bogotá]], [[Cundinamarca department|Cundinamarca]], [[United States of Colombia|U.S. Colombia]]
|nationality = [[Colombian people|Colombian]]
|nationality = [[Colombian people|Colombian]]
|party = [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]
|party = [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]
|spouse = Ana Roma y Cabarcas
|spouse = Ana Roma y Cabarcas
|religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
}}
}}


'''Manuel Murillo Toro''' (1816 - 1880) was a Colombian politician and statesman, who served as [[President of the United States of Colombia]] (present day [[Colombia]]) on two occasions, first from 1864 to 1866, and again between 1872 and 1874.<ref name="Arismendi77">Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos'', trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 77; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983</ref>
'''Manuel Murillo Toro''' (January 1, 1816&ndash;December 26, 1880) was a Colombian statesman who served as [[President of the United States of Colombia]] (present day [[Colombia]]) on two occasions, first from 1864 to 1866, and again between 1872 and 1874.<ref name="Arismendi77">Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos'', trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 77; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983</ref>


== Biographic data ==
== Biographic data ==


Murillo was born in the town of '''Chaparral''', [[Tolima Department|Tolima]] on January 1, 1816.<ref name="Arismendi77"/> He received a law degree from the [[University of Bogotá]].<ref name=appletons>{{Cite Appletons'|Murillo-Toro, Manuel|year=1900}}</ref> He died in [[Bogotá]], [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]], on December 26, 1880.<ref name="Arismendi80">Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos'', trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 80; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983</ref>
Murillo was born in the town of '''Chaparral''', [[Tolima department|Tolima]] on January 1, 1816.<ref name="Arismendi77"/> He received a law degree from the [[University of Bogotá]].<ref name=appletons>{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Murillo-Toro, Manuel|year=1900}}</ref> He died in [[Bogotá]], [[Cundinamarca department|Cundinamarca]], on December 26, 1880.<ref name="Arismendi80">Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos'', trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 80; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983</ref>


== Early career ==
== Early career ==
His articles in the daily press attracted attention by their energetic opposition to the Conservative government of [[José Ignacio de Márquez]] from 1837 to 1840. After the revolution of the latter year he became editor of the ''Gaceta Mercantil de Santa Marta'', which exercised a great influence, and paved the way for the triumph of the [[Partido Liberal Colombiano]] in the elections of 1849. He was elected to the chamber of representatives, and soon attained a reputation for eloquence. He was called to serve as Secretary of State and then Secretary of the Treasury and during the administration of President [[José Hilario López]].<ref name=appletons/>
His articles in the daily press attracted attention due to their energetic opposition to the Conservative government of [[José Ignacio de Márquez]] from 1837 to 1840. After the revolution of the latter year he became editor of the ''Gaceta Mercantil de Santa Marta'', which exercised a great influence, and paved the way for the triumph of the [[Partido Liberal Colombiano]] in the elections of 1849. He was elected to the chamber of representatives, and soon attained a reputation for eloquence. He was called to serve as Secretary of State and then Secretary of the Treasury during the administration of President [[José Hilario López]].<ref name=appletons/>


As Secretary of the Treasury, he established liberty of industry and the decentralization of the provincial revenues, and thus prepared the way for the future federal institutions. At the same time, he defended the administration in the press, and initiated the greater part of the progressive reforms that were established by it, such as the abolition of slavery, abolition of the death penalty for political crimes and abolition of several fiscal monopolies. He advocated liberty of the press, and the reform of the civil code.<ref name="appletons"/>
As Secretary of the Treasury, he established liberty of industry and the decentralization of the provincial revenues, and thus prepared the way for the future federal institutions. At the same time, he defended the administration in the press, and initiated the greater part of the progressive reforms that were established by it, such as the abolition of slavery, abolition of the death penalty for political crimes and abolition of several fiscal monopolies. He advocated liberty of the press, and the reform of the civil code.<ref name="appletons"/>


In 1852 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the vice presidency of the republic. When the Liberal party lost power he returned to journalism, and, except during the short time that he was state executive for [[Santander Department|Santander]], he sustained an energetic opposition to the Conservative government. When President [[Mariano Ospina Rodriguez]] was overthrown, and the federation proclaimed by the constituent convention of Rio Negro, 4 February 1863, Murillo was appointed minister to Europe, and afterward to the [[United States]].<ref name=appletons/>
In 1852 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the vice presidency of the Republic. When the Liberal party lost power he returned to journalism, and, except during the short time that he was state executive for [[Santander department|Santander]], he sustained an energetic opposition to the Conservative government. When President [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]] was overthrown, and the federation proclaimed by the constituent convention of Rio Negro, 4 February 1863, Murillo was appointed minister to Europe, and afterward to the United States.<ref name=appletons/>


== First Presidency ==
== First Presidency ==


Murillo ran for President of Colombia in the general election of 1864 representing the [[Partido Liberal Colombiano]]. The [[Colombian Conservative Party]] abstained from participating in this election. Murillo had two other liberal opponents, [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera]] and [[Santos Gutiérrez]]. Murillo won the election and was elected president for the 1864-1866 presidential term.<ref name="Arismendi77"/> During his administration, noted for its conciliatory spirit, the first telegraph lines were established.<ref name=appletons/>
Murillo ran for President of Colombia in the general election of 1864 representing the [[Partido Liberal Colombiano]]. The [[Colombian Conservative Party]] abstained from participating in this election. Murillo had two other liberal opponents, [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera]] and [[Santos Gutiérrez]]. Murillo won the election and was elected president for the 1864-1866 presidential term.<ref name="Arismendi77"/> During his administration, noted for its conciliatory spirit, the first telegraph lines were established.<ref name=appletons/>


After his term as President was over, he was elected to the federal senate. For his opposition to some arbitrary measures of President Mosquera he was arrested with others, by order of Mosquera, when the congress was dissolved in March 1867. After the deposition of Mosquera, 25 May 1867, Murillo was a member of the legislature of [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]], and afterward for a short time again minister to the United States and judge of the supreme court. In all these posts, he was notable for his consistent adherence to the doctrines that he had proclaimed as a journalist and legislator.<ref name=appletons/>
After his term as president was over, he was elected to the federal senate. For his opposition to some arbitrary measures of President Mosquera he was arrested with others, by order of Mosquera, when the congress was dissolved in March 1867. After the deposition of Mosquera, 25 May 1867, Murillo was a member of the legislature of [[Cundinamarca department|Cundinamarca]], and afterward for a short time again minister to the United States and judge of the supreme court. In all these posts, he was notable for his consistent adherence to the doctrines that he had proclaimed as a journalist and legislator.<ref name=appletons/>


== Second Presidency ==
== Second Presidency ==
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His successor to the Presidency, [[Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas]], although belonging to the opposite party, sent him as [[Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] to [[Venezuela]] to arrange the pending question of boundaries according to the proposal of Guzman Blanco. As Murillo controverted with great ability on all the points that were brought up by the Venezuelan commissioner, no treaty could be agreed on. Murillo was again elected senator in 1878, and occupied his seat in the next session of congress, but sickness prevented him from attending in 1880, and he died in the same year.<ref name=appletons/>
His successor to the Presidency, [[Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas]], although belonging to the opposite party, sent him as [[Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] to [[Venezuela]] to arrange the pending question of boundaries according to the proposal of Guzman Blanco. As Murillo controverted with great ability on all the points that were brought up by the Venezuelan commissioner, no treaty could be agreed on. Murillo was again elected senator in 1878, and occupied his seat in the next session of congress, but sickness prevented him from attending in 1880, and he died in the same year.<ref name=appletons/>


== Mayor accomplishments ==
== Major accomplishments ==


Murillo sponsored, supported and enacted legislation to bring into law the rights of [[freedom of religion]], [[freedom of assembly]] and [[freedom of the press]]. He also established the National Press and Telegraph Institute and the National Cartography Institute.<ref name="Arismendi79">Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos'', trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 79; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983</ref>
Murillo sponsored, supported and enacted legislation to bring into law the rights of [[freedom of religion]], [[freedom of assembly]] and [[freedom of the press]]. He also established the National Press and Telegraph Institute and the National Cartography Institute.<ref name="Arismendi79">Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos'', trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 79; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983</ref>
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{{Heads of state of Colombia}}
{{Heads of state of Colombia}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->

| NAME = Murillo Toro, Manuel
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1 January 1816
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Chaparral, [[Tolima Department|Tolima]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 26 December 1880
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Bogotá]], [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]], [[United States of Colombia]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murillo Toro, Manuel}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murillo Toro, Manuel}}
[[Category:1816 births]]
[[Category:1816 births]]
[[Category:1880 deaths]]
[[Category:1880 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Colombia to the United States]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Colombia to the United States]]
[[Category:Colombian ambassadors to Venezuela]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Colombia to Venezuela]]
[[Category:Colombian governors]]
[[Category:Colombian governors]]
[[Category:Colombian journalists]]
[[Category:Colombian journalists]]
[[Category:Colombian lawyers]]
[[Category:Colombian male journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century Colombian lawyers]]
[[Category:Colombian Liberal Party politicians]]
[[Category:Colombian Liberal Party politicians]]
[[Category:Presidents of Colombia]]
[[Category:Presidents of Colombia]]
[[Category:Presidential Designates of Colombia]]
[[Category:Burials at Central Cemetery of Bogotá]]
[[Category:Burials at Central Cemetery of Bogotá]]
[[Category:19th-century journalists]]

[[Category:19th-century Colombian male writers]]
[[es:Manuel Murillo Toro]]
[[Category:People from the Republic of New Granada]]
[[fr:Manuel Murillo Toro]]
[[ga:Manuel Murillo Toro]]
[[gd:Manuel Murillo Toro]]
[[qu:Manuel Murillo]]
[[yo:Manuel Murillo Toro]]

Latest revision as of 10:01, 6 November 2024

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Murillo and the second or maternal family name is Toro.
Manuel Murillo Toro
9th President of the United States of Colombia
In office
1 April 1872 – 1 April 1874
Preceded byEustorgio Salgar
Succeeded bySantiago Pérez
15th President of Colombia
In office
8 April 1864 – 1 April 1866
Preceded byTomás Cipriano de Mosquera
Succeeded byJosé María Rojas Garrido
2nd President of the Sovereign State of Santander
In office
23 October 1857 – 10 January 1859
Preceded byEstanislao Silva Calderón
Succeeded byUlpiano Valenzuela
Secretary of Finance
In office
1849–1853
PresidentJosé Hilario López
4th Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of New Granada to Venezuela
In office
1867–1869
PresidentSantos Acosta Castillo
In office
1874–1876
PresidentSantiago Pérez
Preceded byAntonio María Pradilla
Succeeded byJosé Sergio Camargo Pinzón
Personal details
Born(1816-01-01)1 January 1816
Chaparral, Tolima, U.S. Colombia
Died26 December 1880(1880-12-26) (aged 64)
Bogotá, Cundinamarca, U.S. Colombia
Political partyLiberal
SpouseAna Roma y Cabarcas

Manuel Murillo Toro (January 1, 1816–December 26, 1880) was a Colombian statesman who served as President of the United States of Colombia (present day Colombia) on two occasions, first from 1864 to 1866, and again between 1872 and 1874.[1]

Biographic data

[edit]

Murillo was born in the town of Chaparral, Tolima on January 1, 1816.[1] He received a law degree from the University of Bogotá.[2] He died in Bogotá, Cundinamarca, on December 26, 1880.[3]

Early career

[edit]

His articles in the daily press attracted attention due to their energetic opposition to the Conservative government of José Ignacio de Márquez from 1837 to 1840. After the revolution of the latter year he became editor of the Gaceta Mercantil de Santa Marta, which exercised a great influence, and paved the way for the triumph of the Partido Liberal Colombiano in the elections of 1849. He was elected to the chamber of representatives, and soon attained a reputation for eloquence. He was called to serve as Secretary of State and then Secretary of the Treasury during the administration of President José Hilario López.[2]

As Secretary of the Treasury, he established liberty of industry and the decentralization of the provincial revenues, and thus prepared the way for the future federal institutions. At the same time, he defended the administration in the press, and initiated the greater part of the progressive reforms that were established by it, such as the abolition of slavery, abolition of the death penalty for political crimes and abolition of several fiscal monopolies. He advocated liberty of the press, and the reform of the civil code.[2]

In 1852 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the vice presidency of the Republic. When the Liberal party lost power he returned to journalism, and, except during the short time that he was state executive for Santander, he sustained an energetic opposition to the Conservative government. When President Mariano Ospina Rodríguez was overthrown, and the federation proclaimed by the constituent convention of Rio Negro, 4 February 1863, Murillo was appointed minister to Europe, and afterward to the United States.[2]

First Presidency

[edit]

Murillo ran for President of Colombia in the general election of 1864 representing the Partido Liberal Colombiano. The Colombian Conservative Party abstained from participating in this election. Murillo had two other liberal opponents, Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera and Santos Gutiérrez. Murillo won the election and was elected president for the 1864-1866 presidential term.[1] During his administration, noted for its conciliatory spirit, the first telegraph lines were established.[2]

After his term as president was over, he was elected to the federal senate. For his opposition to some arbitrary measures of President Mosquera he was arrested with others, by order of Mosquera, when the congress was dissolved in March 1867. After the deposition of Mosquera, 25 May 1867, Murillo was a member of the legislature of Cundinamarca, and afterward for a short time again minister to the United States and judge of the supreme court. In all these posts, he was notable for his consistent adherence to the doctrines that he had proclaimed as a journalist and legislator.[2]

Second Presidency

[edit]

Murillo ran a second time for President of Colombia in the general election of 1872, representing the Colombian Liberal Party. He was aided in part by the Conservative party.[2] Murillo had two other opponents, Manuel Mallarino and Julián Trujillo Largacha. Murillo won the election and was elected president for the 1872-1874 presidential term. In winning this election, Murillo became the first civilian to be elected President of Colombia for a second time.[3]

Later career

[edit]

His successor to the Presidency, Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas, although belonging to the opposite party, sent him as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Venezuela to arrange the pending question of boundaries according to the proposal of Guzman Blanco. As Murillo controverted with great ability on all the points that were brought up by the Venezuelan commissioner, no treaty could be agreed on. Murillo was again elected senator in 1878, and occupied his seat in the next session of congress, but sickness prevented him from attending in 1880, and he died in the same year.[2]

Major accomplishments

[edit]

Murillo sponsored, supported and enacted legislation to bring into law the rights of freedom of religion, freedom of assembly and freedom of the press. He also established the National Press and Telegraph Institute and the National Cartography Institute.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; Gobernantes Colombianos, trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 77; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Murillo-Toro, Manuel" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  3. ^ a b Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; Gobernantes Colombianos, trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 80; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983
  4. ^ Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; Gobernantes Colombianos, trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 79; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983
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