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The '''Autonomy Cube''' was an art project run by American artists and technologists [[Trevor Paglen]] and [[Jacob Appelbaum]] that places relays for the anonymous communication network [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]] in traditional art museums.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/mar/13/trevor-paglen-art-review-nsa-surveillance-systems|title=Trevor Paglen review: turning the NSA's data combing into high-concept art|last=Helfand|first=Glen|date=2015-03-13|website=the Guardian|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/11/arts/international/art-technology-and-online-identity.html|title=Art, Technology and Online Identity|last=Sharp|first=Rob|date=2016-02-10|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref> Both have previously created art pieces that straddle the border between art and technology.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/opinion/the-art-of-dissent.html|title='The Art of Dissent'|last=Poitras|first=Laura|date=2015-06-09|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref> The cube is in line with much of Paglen's and Appelbaum's earlier pieces in targeting the field of surveillance and government snooping.<ref name=":0" /> The sculptures consist of 1.25&nbsp;ft blocks of acrylic Lucite containing Wifi-routers based upon two [[Open-source hardware|open source hardware]] [[Novena (computing platform)|Novena]]-motherboards.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/sculpture-lets-museums-amplify-tors-anonymity-network/|title=The Artist Using Museums to Amplify Tor's Anonymity Network|website=WIRED|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/trevor-paglen-plumbs-the-internet-at-metro-pictures-gallery|title=Trevor Paglen Plumbs the Internet|last=Sohn|first=Tim|date=2015-09-22|newspaper=The New Yorker|issn=0028-792X|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref>
The '''Autonomy Cube''' was an art project run by American artists and technologists [[Trevor Paglen]] and [[Jacob Appelbaum]] that places relays for the anonymous communication network [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]] in traditional art museums.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/mar/13/trevor-paglen-art-review-nsa-surveillance-systems|title=Trevor Paglen review: turning the NSA's data combing into high-concept art|last=Helfand|first=Glen|date=2015-03-13|website=the Guardian|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/11/arts/international/art-technology-and-online-identity.html|title=Art, Technology and Online Identity|last=Sharp|first=Rob|date=2016-02-10|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-05-25|archive-date=2016-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224234024/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/11/arts/international/art-technology-and-online-identity.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Both have previously created art pieces that straddle the border between art and technology.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/opinion/the-art-of-dissent.html|title='The Art of Dissent'|last=Poitras|first=Laura|date=2015-06-09|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-05-25|archive-date=2016-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410060841/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/opinion/the-art-of-dissent.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The cube is in line with much of Paglen's and Appelbaum's earlier pieces in targeting the field of surveillance and government snooping.<ref name=":0" /> The sculptures consist of 1.25&nbsp;ft blocks of acrylic Lucite containing Wifi-routers based upon two [[Open-source hardware|open source hardware]] [[Novena (computing platform)|Novena]]-motherboards.<ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/sculpture-lets-museums-amplify-tors-anonymity-network/|title=The Artist Using Museums to Amplify Tor's Anonymity Network|magazine=WIRED|access-date=2016-05-25|archive-date=2016-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728222858/https://www.wired.com/2016/04/sculpture-lets-museums-amplify-tors-anonymity-network/|url-status=live |last1=Greenberg |first1=Andy }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/trevor-paglen-plumbs-the-internet-at-metro-pictures-gallery|title=Trevor Paglen Plumbs the Internet|last=Sohn|first=Tim|date=2015-09-22|newspaper=The New Yorker|issn=0028-792X|access-date=2016-05-25|archive-date=2016-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602121649/http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/trevor-paglen-plumbs-the-internet-at-metro-pictures-gallery|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
The first sculpture was installed in Oldenburg, Germany in 2014 and acts as both a Tor exit-relay and Wifi-hub for visitors of the museum.<ref name=":2" /> Any user who connects to the museum open Wifi called ''Autonomy Cube'' is directed through the Tor-network for all their activity.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> This effectively anonymizes and hides the traffic from many forms of surveillance and interception.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/beaf9936-a8ff-11e5-9700-2b669a5aeb83.html|title=Trevor Paglen: What lies beneath|last=Jobey|first=Liz|date=2015-12-31|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref> In January 2016, four installations had been made in New York, London and Frankfurt, beyond the one in Oldenburg.<ref name=":2" /> More sculptures are planned, with three coming during May 2016, one at [[Altman Siegel Gallery]] in San Francisco.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/homeandgarden/article/50-shades-of-Fog-Design-meets-art-fair-6745741.php|title=50 shades of Fog: Design meets art fair|website=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref> Institutions that have shown the cube in limited exhibitions include [[Metro Pictures Gallery]] on Manhattan which exhibited Paglen's work, [[Whitechapel Gallery]] in London as part of the ''Electronic Superhighway (2016&ndash;1966)'' exhibition and the [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]] in ''Trevor Paglen: Sites Unseen''.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="artnews.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnews.com/2015/09/21/theyre-watching-us-in-museums-trevor-paglens-show-at-metro-pictures-takes-on-surveillance/|title=They're Watching Us In Museums: Trevor Paglen's Show At Metro Pictures Takes On Surveillance |work=ARTnews|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2077144-electronic-superhighway-2016-1966-backwards-to-the-future/|title=Electronic Superhighway (2016&ndash;1966): Backwards to the future|last=Paul-Choudhury|first=Sumit|website=New Scientist|access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/trevorpaglen/status/1009440744032165888|title=Trevor Paglen on Twitter: Autonomy Cube w/ 4 @torproject relays capable of ~800Mbps is now online at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.|date=2018-06-20|website=Twitter|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180621130453/https://twitter.com/trevorpaglen/status/1009440744032165888|archive-date=2018-06-21|url-status=live|access-date=2018-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/paglen|title=Trevor Paglen: Sites Unseen|website=[[Smithsonian American Art Museum]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621131045/https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/paglen|archive-date=2018-06-21|url-status=live|access-date=2018-06-21}}</ref>
The first sculpture was installed in Oldenburg, Germany in 2014 and acts as both a Tor exit-relay and Wifi-hub for visitors of the museum.<ref name=":2" /> Any user who connects to the museum open Wifi called ''Autonomy Cube'' is directed through the Tor-network for all their activity.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> This effectively anonymizes and hides the traffic from many forms of surveillance and interception.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/beaf9936-a8ff-11e5-9700-2b669a5aeb83.html|title=Trevor Paglen: What lies beneath|last=Jobey|first=Liz|date=2015-12-31|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=2016-05-25|archive-date=2016-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616223927/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/beaf9936-a8ff-11e5-9700-2b669a5aeb83.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2016, four installations had been made in New York, London and Frankfurt, beyond the one in Oldenburg.<ref name=":2" /> More sculptures are planned, with three coming during May 2016, one at [[Altman Siegel Gallery]] in San Francisco.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/homeandgarden/article/50-shades-of-Fog-Design-meets-art-fair-6745741.php|title=50 shades of Fog: Design meets art fair|website=San Francisco Chronicle|date=8 January 2016 |access-date=2016-05-25|archive-date=2016-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630143247/http://www.sfchronicle.com/homeandgarden/article/50-shades-of-Fog-Design-meets-art-fair-6745741.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Institutions that have shown the cube in limited exhibitions include [[Metro Pictures Gallery]] on Manhattan which exhibited Paglen's work, [[Whitechapel Gallery]] in London as part of the ''Electronic Superhighway (2016&ndash;1966)'' exhibition and the [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]] in ''Trevor Paglen: Sites Unseen''.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="artnews.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnews.com/2015/09/21/theyre-watching-us-in-museums-trevor-paglens-show-at-metro-pictures-takes-on-surveillance/|title=They're Watching Us In Museums: Trevor Paglen's Show At Metro Pictures Takes On Surveillance|work=ARTnews|date=21 September 2015 |access-date=2016-05-25|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701154001/http://www.artnews.com/2015/09/21/theyre-watching-us-in-museums-trevor-paglens-show-at-metro-pictures-takes-on-surveillance/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2077144-electronic-superhighway-2016-1966-backwards-to-the-future/|title=Electronic Superhighway (2016&ndash;1966): Backwards to the future|last=Paul-Choudhury|first=Sumit|website=New Scientist|access-date=2016-05-25|archive-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413101047/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2077144-electronic-superhighway-2016-1966-backwards-to-the-future/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/trevorpaglen/status/1009440744032165888|title=Trevor Paglen on Twitter: Autonomy Cube w/ 4 @torproject relays capable of ~800Mbps is now online at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.|date=2018-06-20|website=Twitter|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180621130453/https://twitter.com/trevorpaglen/status/1009440744032165888|archive-date=2018-06-21|url-status=live|access-date=2018-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/paglen|title=Trevor Paglen: Sites Unseen|website=[[Smithsonian American Art Museum]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621131045/https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/paglen|archive-date=2018-06-21|url-status=live|access-date=2018-06-21}}</ref>


The willingness of museums to host these installations was a surprise, says Paglen, who hopes the relays can play a potentially important role in the Tor network.<ref name=":2" /> Omar Kholeif at Whitechapel Gallery has commented on the idea that "when we enter civic institutions we expect them to have Wi-Fi, [and] we just hand over our data", and how the Cubes bring this agreement forth to discussion.<ref name=":3" />
The willingness of museums to host these installations was a surprise, says Paglen, who hopes the relays can play a potentially important role in the Tor network.<ref name=":2" /> Omar Kholeif at Whitechapel Gallery has commented on the idea that "when we enter civic institutions we expect them to have Wi-Fi, [and] we just hand over our data", and how the Cubes bring this agreement forth to discussion.<ref name=":3" />


[[File:Condensation Cube of Haacke.jpg|thumb|[[Hans Haacke]]'s ''Condensation Cube'', this one completed 2008; [[Plexiglas]] and water; [[Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden]] was an inspiration for the ''Autonomy Cube'']]
[[File:Condensation Cube of Haacke.jpg|thumb|[[Hans Haacke]]'s ''Condensation Cube'', this one completed 2008; [[Plexiglas]] and water; [[Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden]] was an inspiration for the ''Autonomy Cube'']]
Inspiration for the Cube came from a 1962 art project by [[Hans Haacke]] called ''Condensation Cube''.<ref name=":2" /> It similarly consisted of a plexiglass cube, but which contained water which would move through different states of liquid to gas.<ref name=":2" /> Paglen also states he wants to raise the question: "What would a more civic-minded version of the Internet look like? What could the Internet look like if the Internet hadn't been turned into the greatest means of mass surveillance in the history of humanity?"<ref name="artnews.com"/>
Inspiration for the Cube came from a 1962 art project by [[Hans Haacke]] called ''Condensation Cube''.<ref name=":2" /> It similarly consisted of a plexiglass cube but instead contained water that would move through different states of liquid to gas.<ref name=":2" /> Paglen also states he wants to raise the question: "What would a more civic-minded version of the Internet look like? What could the Internet look like if the Internet hadn't been turned into the greatest means of mass surveillance in the history of humanity?"<ref name="artnews.com"/>


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 13:14, 6 November 2024

Autonomy cube
One of the Autonomy Cubes on display as part of Art In The Age Of…Planetary Computation (2015) at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art.
ArtistTrevor Paglen, Jacob Appelbaum
Year2014 (2014)–2018
TypeSculpture
MediumLucite, Novena motherboards

The Autonomy Cube was an art project run by American artists and technologists Trevor Paglen and Jacob Appelbaum that places relays for the anonymous communication network Tor in traditional art museums.[1][2] Both have previously created art pieces that straddle the border between art and technology.[1][3] The cube is in line with much of Paglen's and Appelbaum's earlier pieces in targeting the field of surveillance and government snooping.[1] The sculptures consist of 1.25 ft blocks of acrylic Lucite containing Wifi-routers based upon two open source hardware Novena-motherboards.[4][5]

Overview

[edit]

The first sculpture was installed in Oldenburg, Germany in 2014 and acts as both a Tor exit-relay and Wifi-hub for visitors of the museum.[4] Any user who connects to the museum open Wifi called Autonomy Cube is directed through the Tor-network for all their activity.[4][5] This effectively anonymizes and hides the traffic from many forms of surveillance and interception.[4][6] In January 2016, four installations had been made in New York, London and Frankfurt, beyond the one in Oldenburg.[4] More sculptures are planned, with three coming during May 2016, one at Altman Siegel Gallery in San Francisco.[4][7] Institutions that have shown the cube in limited exhibitions include Metro Pictures Gallery on Manhattan which exhibited Paglen's work, Whitechapel Gallery in London as part of the Electronic Superhighway (2016–1966) exhibition and the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Trevor Paglen: Sites Unseen.[2][8][9][10][11]

The willingness of museums to host these installations was a surprise, says Paglen, who hopes the relays can play a potentially important role in the Tor network.[4] Omar Kholeif at Whitechapel Gallery has commented on the idea that "when we enter civic institutions we expect them to have Wi-Fi, [and] we just hand over our data", and how the Cubes bring this agreement forth to discussion.[5]

Hans Haacke's Condensation Cube, this one completed 2008; Plexiglas and water; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden was an inspiration for the Autonomy Cube

Inspiration for the Cube came from a 1962 art project by Hans Haacke called Condensation Cube.[4] It similarly consisted of a plexiglass cube but instead contained water that would move through different states of liquid to gas.[4] Paglen also states he wants to raise the question: "What would a more civic-minded version of the Internet look like? What could the Internet look like if the Internet hadn't been turned into the greatest means of mass surveillance in the history of humanity?"[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Helfand, Glen (2015-03-13). "Trevor Paglen review: turning the NSA's data combing into high-concept art". the Guardian. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  2. ^ a b Sharp, Rob (2016-02-10). "Art, Technology and Online Identity". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2016-02-24. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  3. ^ Poitras, Laura (2015-06-09). "'The Art of Dissent'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Greenberg, Andy. "The Artist Using Museums to Amplify Tor's Anonymity Network". WIRED. Archived from the original on 2016-07-28. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  5. ^ a b c Sohn, Tim (2015-09-22). "Trevor Paglen Plumbs the Internet". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  6. ^ Jobey, Liz (2015-12-31). "Trevor Paglen: What lies beneath". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. Archived from the original on 2016-06-16. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  7. ^ "50 shades of Fog: Design meets art fair". San Francisco Chronicle. 8 January 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  8. ^ a b "They're Watching Us In Museums: Trevor Paglen's Show At Metro Pictures Takes On Surveillance". ARTnews. 21 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  9. ^ Paul-Choudhury, Sumit. "Electronic Superhighway (2016–1966): Backwards to the future". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 2016-04-13. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  10. ^ "Trevor Paglen on Twitter: Autonomy Cube w/ 4 @torproject relays capable of ~800Mbps is now online at the Smithsonian American Art Museum". Twitter. 2018-06-20. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  11. ^ "Trevor Paglen: Sites Unseen". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
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