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{{Infobox religious text |
{{Infobox religious text |
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| name = Rukminisha Vijaya |
| name = Rukminisha Vijaya |
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| image = |
| image = MADRAS12.JPG |
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| author = [[Vadiraja Tirtha]] |
| author = [[Vadiraja Tirtha]] |
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| period = 16th century |
| period = 16th century |
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| verses =1,241 |
| verses =1,241 |
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| chapters =19 |
| chapters =19 |
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|caption=[[Krishna]] and [[Rukmini]], the titular characters of this poem}}{{Short description|Sanskrit Vaishnava poem}} |
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}} |
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{{DvaitaInfobox}} |
{{DvaitaInfobox}} |
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'''Rukminisha Vijaya''' ({{Langx|sa|रुक्मिणीशविजय|translit=Rukmiṇīśavijaya}}, {{lit|The triumph of the lord of Rukmini}}), is a [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] work composed by the 16th-century [[Hindu]], Madhva saint, [[Vadiraja Tirtha]].{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=430}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-08-15 |title=Rukminishavijaya, Rukmiṇīśavijaya, Rukminisha-vijaya: 2 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rukminishavijaya |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> It is an important work of [[Sanskrit literature]], containing 19 chapters and 1,241 verses in various [[metre (poetry)|metre]]s. The text is written in the Vaidarbhi style.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rukmiṇīśavijayaḥ: mahākāvyam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fg23AAAAIAAJ|author=Vyasanakere Prabhanjanacharya|publisher=Aitareya Prakāśanam Vyāsanakere|year=1996|page=7}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=430}} |
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Rukminisha Vijaya is a [[mahakavya]], |
Rukminisha Vijaya is a [[mahakavya]], rendered in the [[kāvya]] style, narrating the life of [[Krishna]] from boyhood, and ending with his marriage with [[Rukmini]], his chief consort. The book highlights the story of [[Krishna]], as described in the 10th canto of the [[Bhagavata Purana]].<ref>{{cite book|title=History and Culture of Karnataka: Early Times to Unification|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bv4dAAAAMAAJ|author=K. R. Basavaraja|publisher=Chalukya Publications|year=1984|page=393}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=International Sanskrit Conference, New Delhi, March 26th-31st, 1972, Volume 1, Part 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVhjAAAAMAAJ|author=V. Raghavan|publisher=The Ministry|year=1975|page=511}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A Garland: A Biographical Dictionary of Carnatic Composers and Musicians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=azsGAQAAMAAJ|page=319|author=N. Rajagopalan|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year=1990}}</ref> |
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== Analysis == |
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The Rukminisha Vijaya is noted as an exemplar of [[Dvaita Vedanta|Dvaita]] philosophy, and its opposition of the [[Advaita Vedanta|Advaita]] doctrine. It describes the exploits of Krishna, whose "unquestioned supremacy" is represented by the saint Vadiraja.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RukminIsha-Vijaya - Saint Vadiraja Tirtha Vol-1-2 Sanskrit-English - D-R-Vasudeva Rau 1987.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HpWvinZeM4mOjszEO-D_DoOMhOnmv0mt/view?usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Google Docs |page=1}}</ref> |
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Quoting on the style of the work, [[Indologist]] [[B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma]] writes, "The descriptions are effective and natural. The style is deeply [[alliterative]]. Sense and sound match well and the imagery is fine and lofty".{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=430}} |
Quoting on the style of the work, [[Indologist]] [[B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma]] writes, "The descriptions are effective and natural. The style is deeply [[alliterative]]. Sense and sound match well and the imagery is fine and lofty".{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=430}} |
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== Contents == |
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The work begins with the compilation of a number of [[Stotra|stotras]], including ones dedicated to Krishna, who is referred to as the [[Paramatman|Paramatma]], [[Hayagriva]], [[Rukmini]], who is described as Krishna's supreme beloved consort,<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/rukminisha-vijaya-1-sri-vadiraja-tirtha-t.-s.-raghavendran |title=Rukminisha Vijaya - 1 - Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, T.S.Raghavendran |pages=31}}</ref> and [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhudevi]]. |
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The narrative form of the work begins with the slokas that describe the legend of Brahma praying to Vishnu for incarnating on earth as Krishna, and goes on to explain the story of Krishna, detailing his birth, his eulogies, the births of [[Balarama]] and Durga ([[Yogamaya]]), with the first canto ending with the departure of Krishna to [[Gokul|Gokulam]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/rukminisha-vijaya-1-sri-vadiraja-tirtha-t.-s.-raghavendran |title=Rukminisha Vijaya - 1 - Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, T.S.Raghavendran |pages=2–6}}</ref> |
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The second canto entails slokas that begin with Krishna's entry into Gokulam, the blessings of Durga upon his parents, the reasons Krishna was born in a cowherd family, and the killing of [[Putana]] and [[List of Asuras|Sakatasura]], and their achievement of moksha.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/rukminisa-vijaya-2-sri-vadiraja-tirtha-t.-s.-raghavendran |title=Rukminisa Vijaya - 2 - Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, T. S. Raghavendran |pages=3–5}}</ref> The third canto begins with the description of the slaying of [[Trinavarta]], [[Yashoda|Yashoda's]] witnessing of Krishna's [[vishvarupa]], the symbolic nature of Krishna's activities, the dalliances of Krishna and the [[Gopi|milkmaids]], the exaltations of his divine abilities, and ends with the subjugation of [[Kaliya]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vadiraja Tirtha |url=http://archive.org/details/Httpsarchive.orgdetailsRukminisaVijaya.Part3 |title=Rukminisa Vijaya. Part 3 (3rd, 4th Sargas) |date=2008 |pages=4–6}}</ref> The fourth canto begins with Krishna's drinking of the forest fire, the slaying of [[Dhenuka|Dhenukasura]] and other asuras, a description of various seasons, Krishna's mischief of stealing the milkmaids's clothes, and ends with Krishna lifting the mountain [[Govardhan Hill|Govardhana]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/rukminisa-vijaya-4-sri-vadiraja-tirtha-t.-s.-raghavendran |title=Rukminisa Vijaya - 4 - Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, T. S. Raghavendran |pages=1–2}}</ref> |
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The next few cantos describe the aftermath of the deity's love-sport (Rāsakrīḍā) with the milkmaids, including his slaying of Shankacuda, Aristasura, and [[Keshi (demon)|Keshi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=RukminIsha-Vijaya - Saint Vadiraja Tirtha Vol-1-2 Sanskrit-English - D-R-Vasudeva Rau 1987.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HpWvinZeM4mOjszEO-D_DoOMhOnmv0mt/view?usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Google Docs |at=xlvii}}</ref> Krishna's journey to [[Mathura]], the slaying of his uncle [[Kamsa]], his triumph over [[Jarasandha]], his elopement and wedding with Rukmini, and descriptions of the beauty of the divine couple. The birth and exploits of their son, [[Pradyumna]], and his son, [[Aniruddha]], are described, and the work ends with the author seeking the blessings of Krishna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RukminIsha-Vijaya - Saint Vadiraja Tirtha Vol-1-2 Sanskrit-English - D-R-Vasudeva Rau 1987.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HpWvinZeM4mOjszEO-D_DoOMhOnmv0mt/view?usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Google Docs |pages=283–302}}</ref> |
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==Translations== |
==Translations== |
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{{Vaishnavism}} |
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The text has been translated into [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] languages. |
The text has been translated into [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] languages. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{portal|Poetry}} |
{{portal|Poetry}} |
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* ''[[Yadavabhyudaya]]'' |
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* [[Vadiraja_Tirtha#Notable_Works|Works of Vadiraja Tirtha]] |
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* ''[[Gopalavimshati]]'' |
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* [[List of Indian poets#Sanskrit|List of Sanskrit poets]] |
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* ''[[Hamsa-Sandesha|Hamsa Sandesha]]'' |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
===Bibliography=== |
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*{{cite book|title = A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVtpFMPMulcC|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma|author-link=B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120815759| year= 2000 |
*{{cite book|title = A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVtpFMPMulcC|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma|author-link=B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120815759| year= 2000 }} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [https://sites.google.com/site/harshalarajesh/rukminishavijaya Googlepages site with links to English translation of Rukminishavijaya cantos] |
* [https://sites.google.com/site/harshalarajesh/rukminishavijaya Googlepages site with links to English translation of Rukminishavijaya cantos] |
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[[Category:Dvaita]] |
[[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]] |
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[[Category:Sanskrit poetry]] |
[[Category:Sanskrit poetry]] |
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[[Category:Epic poems in Sanskrit]] |
[[Category:Epic poems in Sanskrit]] |
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[[Category:Krishna in popular culture]] |
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[[Category:16th-century Sanskrit literature]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:25, 6 November 2024
| Rukminisha Vijaya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Information | |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Author | Vadiraja Tirtha |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| Period | 16th century |
| Chapters | 19 |
| Verses | 1,241 |
| Part of a series on |
| Dvaita |
|---|
| Hinduism portal |
Rukminisha Vijaya (Sanskrit: रुक्मिणीशविजय, romanized: Rukmiṇīśavijaya, lit. 'The triumph of the lord of Rukmini'), is a Vaishnava work composed by the 16th-century Hindu, Madhva saint, Vadiraja Tirtha.[1][2] It is an important work of Sanskrit literature, containing 19 chapters and 1,241 verses in various metres. The text is written in the Vaidarbhi style.[3][1]
Rukminisha Vijaya is a mahakavya, rendered in the kāvya style, narrating the life of Krishna from boyhood, and ending with his marriage with Rukmini, his chief consort. The book highlights the story of Krishna, as described in the 10th canto of the Bhagavata Purana.[4][5][6]
Analysis
[edit]The Rukminisha Vijaya is noted as an exemplar of Dvaita philosophy, and its opposition of the Advaita doctrine. It describes the exploits of Krishna, whose "unquestioned supremacy" is represented by the saint Vadiraja.[7]
Quoting on the style of the work, Indologist B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma writes, "The descriptions are effective and natural. The style is deeply alliterative. Sense and sound match well and the imagery is fine and lofty".[1]
Contents
[edit]The work begins with the compilation of a number of stotras, including ones dedicated to Krishna, who is referred to as the Paramatma, Hayagriva, Rukmini, who is described as Krishna's supreme beloved consort,[8] and Bhudevi.
The narrative form of the work begins with the slokas that describe the legend of Brahma praying to Vishnu for incarnating on earth as Krishna, and goes on to explain the story of Krishna, detailing his birth, his eulogies, the births of Balarama and Durga (Yogamaya), with the first canto ending with the departure of Krishna to Gokulam.[9]
The second canto entails slokas that begin with Krishna's entry into Gokulam, the blessings of Durga upon his parents, the reasons Krishna was born in a cowherd family, and the killing of Putana and Sakatasura, and their achievement of moksha.[10] The third canto begins with the description of the slaying of Trinavarta, Yashoda's witnessing of Krishna's vishvarupa, the symbolic nature of Krishna's activities, the dalliances of Krishna and the milkmaids, the exaltations of his divine abilities, and ends with the subjugation of Kaliya.[11] The fourth canto begins with Krishna's drinking of the forest fire, the slaying of Dhenukasura and other asuras, a description of various seasons, Krishna's mischief of stealing the milkmaids's clothes, and ends with Krishna lifting the mountain Govardhana.[12]
The next few cantos describe the aftermath of the deity's love-sport (Rāsakrīḍā) with the milkmaids, including his slaying of Shankacuda, Aristasura, and Keshi,[13] Krishna's journey to Mathura, the slaying of his uncle Kamsa, his triumph over Jarasandha, his elopement and wedding with Rukmini, and descriptions of the beauty of the divine couple. The birth and exploits of their son, Pradyumna, and his son, Aniruddha, are described, and the work ends with the author seeking the blessings of Krishna.[14]
Translations
[edit]| Part of a series on |
| Vaishnavism |
|---|
 |
The text has been translated into Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Tulu, Marathi, Hindi and English languages.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Sharma 2000, p. 430.
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (15 August 2020). "Rukminishavijaya, Rukmiṇīśavijaya, Rukminisha-vijaya: 2 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ Vyasanakere Prabhanjanacharya (1996). Rukmiṇīśavijayaḥ: mahākāvyam. Aitareya Prakāśanam Vyāsanakere. p. 7.
- ^ K. R. Basavaraja (1984). History and Culture of Karnataka: Early Times to Unification. Chalukya Publications. p. 393.
- ^ V. Raghavan (1975). International Sanskrit Conference, New Delhi, March 26th-31st, 1972, Volume 1, Part 1. The Ministry. p. 511.
- ^ N. Rajagopalan (1990). A Garland: A Biographical Dictionary of Carnatic Composers and Musicians. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 319.
- ^ "RukminIsha-Vijaya - Saint Vadiraja Tirtha Vol-1-2 Sanskrit-English - D-R-Vasudeva Rau 1987.pdf". Google Docs. p. 1. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ Rukminisha Vijaya - 1 - Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, T.S.Raghavendran. p. 31.
- ^ Rukminisha Vijaya - 1 - Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, T.S.Raghavendran. pp. 2–6.
- ^ Rukminisa Vijaya - 2 - Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, T. S. Raghavendran. pp. 3–5.
- ^ Vadiraja Tirtha (2008). Rukminisa Vijaya. Part 3 (3rd, 4th Sargas). pp. 4–6.
- ^ Rukminisa Vijaya - 4 - Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, T. S. Raghavendran. pp. 1–2.
- ^ "RukminIsha-Vijaya - Saint Vadiraja Tirtha Vol-1-2 Sanskrit-English - D-R-Vasudeva Rau 1987.pdf". Google Docs. xlvii. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ "RukminIsha-Vijaya - Saint Vadiraja Tirtha Vol-1-2 Sanskrit-English - D-R-Vasudeva Rau 1987.pdf". Google Docs. pp. 283–302. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
Bibliography
[edit]- Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000). A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). ISBN 978-8120815759.