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{{Short description|American football player (1926–2023)}}
{{Short description|American football player (1926–2023)}}
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{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox CFL biography
{{Infobox CFL biography
|name=Gene Derricotte
|name=Gene Derricotte
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|CFLAllStar=
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|ProBowls=
|ProBowls=
|career_highlights =
* [[College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS|National champion]] ([[1948 Michigan Wolverines football team|1948]])
|Awards=
|Awards=
|Honors='''Michigan all-time records'''<br />
|Honors='''Michigan all-time records'''<br />
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'''Eugene Derricotte''' (June 14, 1926 – March 31, 2023) was an American [[college football]] player who was a [[Halfback (American football)|halfback]] and [[return specialist]] for the [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan Wolverines]] from 1944 to 1948. He was one of the first [[African-American]] athletes at the [[University of Michigan]] in the era when college football was beginning to [[racial integration|integrate]]. Derricotte established school records that still stand as a [[punt returner]] for the Wolverines. He also established several short-lived school [[interceptions]] records. Derricotte also served as a [[Tuskegee Airmen|Tuskegee Airman]] and later had a successful career in dentistry while continuing to serve in the military.
'''Eugene Derricotte''' (June 14, 1926 – March 31, 2023) was an American [[college football]] player who was a [[Halfback (American football)|halfback]] and [[return specialist]] for the [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan Wolverines]] from 1944 to 1948. He was one of the first [[African-American]] athletes at the [[University of Michigan]] in the era when college football was beginning to [[racial integration|integrate]]. Derricotte established school records that still stand as a [[punt returner]] for the Wolverines. He also established several short-lived school [[interceptions]] records. Derricotte also served as a [[Tuskegee Airmen|Tuskegee Airman]] and later had a successful career in dentistry while continuing to serve in the military.


== Early years and college ==
== Early years and college ==
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[[File:2008-1226-Pasadena-008-RoseBowl.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Derricotte caught a 45-yard [[reception (American football)|reception]] in the [[1948 Rose Bowl]].]]
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Derricotte was born in [[Fostoria, Ohio]] on June 14, 1926,<ref name=WWAAA>{{cite book|title=Who's Who Among African Americans|date=July 2008|edition=22nd|page=325|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-1-4144-3335-6}}</ref> and he grew up in [[Defiance, Ohio]], where his father Clarence Cobb Derricotte ran a shoe repair business. In addition to Eugene, Bessie M. Anderson and Clarence Derricotte had two other sons, Bruce (b. June 22, 1928) and Raymond.<ref>{{cite news|title=Foster Ohio|publisher=[[Chicago Defender]]|date=1938-08-06|page=22}}</ref> Gene married Jeanne E. Hagans and had a son Robert.<ref name=WWAAA/> Years later, Gene Derricotte would tell a reporter friend of his that he always wondered about his ancestry. He knew his name was French, but he was not able to find out much more about his roots.<ref name=Richter>Richter, 1998</ref>


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Derricotte was born in [[Fostoria, Ohio]], on June 14, 1926,<ref name=WWAAA>{{cite book|title=Who's Who Among African Americans|date=July 2008|edition=22nd|page=325|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-1-4144-3335-6}}</ref> and he grew up in [[Defiance, Ohio]], where his father Clarence Cobb Derricotte ran a shoe repair business. In addition to Eugene, Bessie M. Anderson and Clarence Derricotte had two other sons, Bruce (b. June 22, 1928) and Raymond.<ref>{{cite news|title=Foster Ohio|publisher=[[Chicago Defender]]|date=August 6, 1938|page=22}}</ref> Gene married Jeanne E. Hagans and had a son Robert.<ref name=WWAAA/> Years later, Gene Derricotte would tell a reporter friend of his that he always wondered about his ancestry. He knew his name was French, but he was not able to find out much more about his roots.<ref name=Richter>Richter, 1998</ref>
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While Eugene (or Gene, as he was often called) would become known for his athletic ability, he was also an excellent student, graduating from Defiance High School as the class valedictorian. (Jason, 1944) Because he was a star athlete, he was awarded a scholarship to attend the University of Michigan. He enrolled in 1944, majoring in [[chemistry]].<ref name=MDinoAP>{{cite news|title=Michigan's Derricotte is now an Army Private|work=[[Chicago Defender]]|date=1945-02-24|page=7}}</ref> While there, he became the first [[African-American]] to play in the [[offensive backfield]] for the [[Michigan Wolverines football]] program. Derricotte was an immediate contributor as the team's leading [[Rush (American football)|ground gainer]] in 1944.<ref name=Private>{{cite news|author=Whoric, Johh H.|title=Sportorials|publisher=The Daily Courier, Connellsville, Pa.|date=1945-03-09}}</ref> Press reports in 1944 typically referred to his race, identifying him as "freshman negro halfback,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Wildcats Down 20 to 0 at Half of Big Ten Game|publisher=San Antonio Express|date=1944-10-15}}</ref> the "Negro speedster,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Derricotte to Lead Wolves Against Penn|publisher=The Herald-Press, St.Joseph, Mich.|date=1944-11-02}}</ref> the "speedy negro freshman,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Lund Will Fill Wiese's Shoes For Wolverines|publisher=The News-Palladium (Benton Harbor, Mich.)|date=1944-10-31}}</ref> or the "lithe Negro star."<ref>{{cite news|author=Fischer, Leo|title=Michigan Looks For Bright Season|publisher=The Port Arthur News|date=1946-09-12}}</ref>


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While Eugene (or Gene, as he was often called) would become known for his athletic ability, he was also an excellent student, graduating from Defiance High School as the class valedictorian. (Jason, 1944) Because he was a star athlete, he was awarded a scholarship to attend the University of Michigan. He enrolled in 1944, majoring in [[chemistry]].<ref name=MDinoAP>{{cite news|title=Michigan's Derricotte is now an Army Private|work=[[Chicago Defender]]|date=February 24, 1945|page=7}}</ref> While there, he became the first [[African-American]] to play in the [[offensive backfield]] for the [[Michigan Wolverines football]] program. Derricotte was an immediate contributor as the team's leading [[Rush (American football)|ground gainer]] in 1944.<ref name=Private>{{cite news|author=Whoric, Johh H.|title=Sportorials|publisher=The Daily Courier, Connellsville, Pa.|date=March 9, 1945}}</ref> Press reports in 1944 typically referred to his race, identifying him as "freshman negro halfback,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Wildcats Down 20 to 0 at Half of Big Ten Game|publisher=San Antonio Express|date=October 15, 1944}}</ref> the "Negro speedster,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Derricotte to Lead Wolves Against Penn|publisher=The Herald-Press, St.Joseph, Mich.|date=November 2, 1944}}</ref> the "speedy negro freshman,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Lund Will Fill Wiese's Shoes For Wolverines|publisher=The News-Palladium (Benton Harbor, Mich.)|date=October 31, 1944}}</ref> or the "lithe Negro star."<ref>{{cite news|author=Fischer, Leo|title=Michigan Looks For Bright Season|publisher=The Port Arthur News|date=September 12, 1946}}</ref>
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In December 1944, Derricotte was drafted into the [[United States Army]].<ref name=MDinoAP/> He was initially assigned as an [[artillery]] [[cannoneer]] with the 16th Separate Training Battalion in [[Fort Bragg, North Carolina]].<ref name=Private/><ref>{{cite news|title=Derricotte In Training|publisher=The Lima News|date=1945-05-23}}</ref> He later transferred to the [[Tuskegee Airmen]] [[Aviator|pilot]] training program in [[Tuskegee, Alabama]]. Derricotte graduated from the program in May 1946. With the war over, he was [[Military discharge|discharge]]d, and he returned to the University of Michigan to continue his education.<ref name=KIFDOoAS>{{cite news|title=Knee Injury Forces Derricotte Out of All Star|work=[[Chicago Defender]]|date=1949-08-13|page=14}}</ref>


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In December 1944, Derricotte was drafted into the [[United States Army]].<ref name=MDinoAP/> He was initially assigned as an [[artillery]] [[cannoneer]] with the 16th Separate Training Battalion in [[Fort Bragg, North Carolina]].<ref name=Private/><ref>{{cite news|title=Derricotte In Training|publisher=The Lima News|date=May 23, 1945}}</ref> He later transferred to the [[Tuskegee Airmen]] [[Aviator|pilot]] training program in [[Tuskegee, Alabama]]. Derricotte graduated from the program in May 1946. With the war over, he was [[Military discharge|discharge]]d, and he returned to the University of Michigan to continue his education.<ref name=KIFDOoAS>{{cite news|title=Knee Injury Forces Derricotte Out of All Star|work=[[Chicago Defender]]|date=August 13, 1949|page=14}}</ref>
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When he returned from the war in 1946 and resumed his education, he continued to excel in academics as well as sports. He maintained a "B" average and majored in [[pharmacy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Michigan's Derricotte Versatile|author=Will Robinson|work=[[Pittsburgh Courier]]|date=1947-12-20|page=14}}</ref> In football, he shared the starting duties at the left halfback position with [[Bob Chappuis]], who went on to All-[[Big Ten Conference]] honors in 1946. After starting nine games at left [[halfback (American football)|halfback]] for [[Fritz Crisler]] in 1944,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1944fbt.htm|title=1944 Football Team|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|date=2007-03-31}}</ref> Derricotte started five games to Chappuis' four in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1946fbt.htm|title=1946 Football Team|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|date=2007-03-31}}</ref> In the first game of the 1946 season, Derricotte threw a [[touchdown]] [[forward pass|pass]] to Paul White and was described as the "sparkplug of the Michigan running game."<ref>{{cite news|title=Wolves Rip Hoosiers 21-0, Before 74,600|publisher=The Wisconsin State Journal|date=1946-09-29}}</ref> Derricotte broke his nose in a scrimmage after the first game and saw limited playing time, which gave Chappuis an opportunity to shine.<ref>{{cite news|title=Derricotte Injured|publisher=The Oelwein Daily Register|date=1946-10-03}}</ref>


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When he returned from the war in 1946 and resumed his education, he continued to excel in academics as well as sports. He maintained a "B" average and majored in [[pharmacy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Michigan's Derricotte Versatile|author=Will Robinson|work=[[Pittsburgh Courier]]|date=December 20, 1947|page=14}}</ref> In football, he shared the starting duties at the left halfback position with [[Bob Chappuis]], who went on to All-[[Big Ten Conference]] honors in 1946. After starting nine games at left [[halfback (American football)|halfback]] for [[Fritz Crisler]] in 1944,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1944fbt.htm|title=1944 Football Team|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|date=March 31, 2007}}</ref> Derricotte started five games to Chappuis' four in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1946fbt.htm|title=1946 Football Team|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|date=March 31, 2007}}</ref> In the first game of the 1946 season, Derricotte threw a [[touchdown]] [[forward pass|pass]] to Paul White and was described as the "sparkplug of the Michigan running game."<ref>{{cite news|title=Wolves Rip Hoosiers 21-0, Before 74,600|publisher=The Wisconsin State Journal|date=September 29, 1946}}</ref> Derricotte broke his nose in a scrimmage after the first game and saw limited playing time, which gave Chappuis an opportunity to shine.<ref>{{cite news|title=Derricotte Injured|publisher=The Oelwein Daily Register|date=October 3, 1946}}</ref>
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Derricotte, who wore #41 while a [[Michigan Wolverines|Michigan Wolverine]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://141.211.39.65/allroster/FMPro |title=Bentley Historical Library -- U of M Football Rosters: Derricotte |publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan |access-date=2007-12-07 |date=2003-08-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529061148/http://141.211.39.65/allroster/FMPro |archive-date=May 29, 2011 }}</ref> had an unusual college football career because he began by starting many games, but gradually became more of a return specialist. In 1946, Derricotte also set the school's single-season [[interceptions]] record.<ref name=RB>{{cite web|url=http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-2007spring-records1.pdf|title=Record Book|access-date=2007-12-27|year=2007|publisher=University of Michigan & Host Interactive|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080229173113/http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-2007spring-records1.pdf |archive-date = February 29, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> By 1947, Chappuis had become an [[All-American]] halfback and Derricotte's only start was one game at [[quarterback]].<ref name=Bentley47>{{cite web|url=https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1947fbt.htm|title=1947 Football Team|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|date=2007-03-31}}</ref> In 1947, Derricotte averaged 24.8 yards on [[punt return]]s, which still stands as a Michigan school record (min 1.2 returns/game). In fact, Derricotte still ranks fifth in NCAA Division I-A history in average yards per punt return.<ref name=NCAA>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2007/2007_d1_football_records_book.pdf|title=Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Record Book|publisher=National Collegiate Athletic Association|access-date=2008-01-03|date=August 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071201142013/http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2007/2007_d1_football_records_book.pdf |archive-date = 2007-12-01}}</ref> Oddly, the NCAA recognizes that he had 347&nbsp;[[return yards]] on 14 returns that season (24.8).<ref name=NCAA/> The University of Michigan claims he had 396 punt return yards that season (which would be 24.8 with 16 returns), but did not average at least 12.3 with a minimum of 15 returns to rank in the top ten in school history.<ref name=RB/> The Big Ten record book claims he did not have at least a 17.4 return average with a minimum of 10 returns to place in the top ten in conference history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2007bigtenfbguide.pdf|access-date=2008-01-03|title=Big Ten Football: Individual Records (All Games)|publisher=The Big Ten Conference}}</ref> The 396 was a Michigan record from 1947 until 1990 when [[Tripp Welborne]] totaled 455 in 1990. In 1948, he again only had one start, but this time back at halfback under new coach, [[Bennie Oosterbaan]].<ref name=Bentley48>{{cite web|url=https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1948fbt.htm|title=1948 Football Team|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|date=2007-03-31}}</ref> Both the [[1947 Michigan Wolverines football team]], [[Fritz Crisler]]'s last team, and the [[1948 Michigan Wolverines football team]] were undefeated and finished the season ranked number 1 in the [[Associated Press]] polls.<ref name=Bentley47/><ref name=Bentley48/> The 1947 team referred to as "Michigan's Mad Magicians" is considered to be the greatest University of Michigan football team of all time.<ref name=ESPNB10>{{cite book |last = Jones |first = Todd |editor= MacCambridge, Michael |title = ESPN Big Ten College Football Encyclopedia |chapter=Michigan |publisher = ESPN Enterprises |year = 2007|isbn = 978-1-933060-49-1}}</ref>


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Derricotte, who wore No. 41 while a [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan Wolverine]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://141.211.39.65/allroster/FMPro |title=Bentley Historical Library -- U of M Football Rosters: Derricotte |publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan |access-date=December 7, 2007 |date=August 25, 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529061148/http://141.211.39.65/allroster/FMPro |archive-date=May 29, 2011 }}</ref> had an unusual college football career because he began by starting many games, but gradually became more of a return specialist. In 1946, Derricotte also set the school's single-season [[interceptions]] record.<ref name=RB>{{cite web|url=http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-2007spring-records1.pdf|title=Record Book|access-date=December 27, 2007|year=2007|publisher=University of Michigan & Host Interactive|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080229173113/http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-2007spring-records1.pdf |archive-date = February 29, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> By 1947, Chappuis had become an [[All-American]] halfback and Derricotte's only start was one game at [[quarterback]].<ref name=Bentley47>{{cite web|url=https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1947fbt.htm|title=1947 Football Team|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|date=March 31, 2007}}</ref> In 1947, Derricotte averaged 24.8 yards on [[punt return]]s, which still stands as a Michigan school record (min 1.2 returns/game). In fact, Derricotte still ranks fifth in NCAA Division I-A history in average yards per punt return.<ref name=NCAA>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2007/2007_d1_football_records_book.pdf|title=Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Record Book|publisher=National Collegiate Athletic Association|access-date=January 3, 2008|date=August 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071201142013/http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2007/2007_d1_football_records_book.pdf |archive-date = December 1, 2007}}</ref> Oddly, the NCAA recognizes that he had 347&nbsp;[[return yards]] on 14 returns that season (24.8).<ref name=NCAA/> The University of Michigan claims he had 396 punt return yards that season (which would be 24.8 with 16 returns), but did not average at least 12.3 with a minimum of 15 returns to rank in the top ten in school history.<ref name=RB/> The Big Ten record book claims he did not have at least a 17.4 return average with a minimum of 10 returns to place in the top ten in conference history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2007bigtenfbguide.pdf|access-date=January 3, 2008|title=Big Ten Football: Individual Records (All Games)|publisher=The Big Ten Conference|archive-date=October 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026093428/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2007bigtenfbguide.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 396 was a Michigan record from 1947 until 1990 when [[Tripp Welborne]] totaled 455 in 1990. In 1948, he again only had one start, but this time back at halfback under new coach, [[Bennie Oosterbaan]].<ref name=Bentley48>{{cite web|url=https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1948fbt.htm|title=1948 Football Team|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|date=March 31, 2007}}</ref> Both the [[1947 Michigan Wolverines football team]], [[Fritz Crisler]]'s last team, and the [[1948 Michigan Wolverines football team]] were undefeated and finished the season ranked number 1 in the [[Associated Press]] polls.<ref name=Bentley47/><ref name=Bentley48/> The 1947 team referred to as "Michigan's Mad Magicians" is considered to be the greatest University of Michigan football team of all time.<ref name=ESPNB10>{{cite book |last = Jones |first = Todd |editor= MacCambridge, Michael |title = ESPN Big Ten College Football Encyclopedia |chapter=Michigan |publisher = ESPN Enterprises |year = 2007|isbn = 978-1-933060-49-1}}</ref>
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During his Michigan career, Derricotte returned four punts for [[touchdown]]s, which set a school record that has since been tied (but not exceeded) by [[Steve Breaston]] and [[Derrick Alexander (wide receiver)|Derrick Alexander]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-2007spring-records1.pdf|title=Record Book|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=mgoblue.com|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080229173113/http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-2007spring-records1.pdf |archive-date = February 29, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also returned three punts for touchdowns in one season, which was a [[Big Ten Conference]] record for more than 50 years until [[Ted Ginn Jr.]] returned four punts for touchdowns in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/110804aaa.html|title=UW's Stocco, Iowa's Babineaux and OSU's Ginn Earn Football Weekly Accolades: Buckeyes freshman equals Big Ten record with third punt return touchdown|access-date=2010-04-08|date=2004-11-08|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://scores.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=243250194|title=Ginn returns fourth punt for TD this season|access-date=2010-04-08|date=2004-11-20|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> The record had been tied by both [[Ira Matthews]] of the [[Wisconsin Badgers football|Wisconsin Badgers]] (1976) and [[Tim Dwight]] of the [[Iowa Hawkeyes football|Iowa Hawkeyes]] (1997).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2007bigtenfbguide.pdf|access-date=2007-12-07|title=Big Ten Football: Individual Records (All Games)|publisher=The Big Ten Conference}}</ref>

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During his Michigan career, Derricotte returned four punts for [[touchdown]]s, which set a school record that has since been tied (but not exceeded) by [[Steve Breaston]] and [[Derrick Alexander (wide receiver)|Derrick Alexander]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-2007spring-records1.pdf|title=Record Book|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=mgoblue.com|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080229173113/http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-2007spring-records1.pdf |archive-date = February 29, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also returned three punts for touchdowns in one season, which was a [[Big Ten Conference]] record for more than 50 years until [[Ted Ginn Jr.]] returned four punts for touchdowns in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/110804aaa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401224739/http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/110804aaa.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 1, 2012|title=UW's Stocco, Iowa's Babineaux and OSU's Ginn Earn Football Weekly Accolades: Buckeyes freshman equals Big Ten record with third punt return touchdown|access-date=April 8, 2010|date=November 8, 2004|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://scores.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=243250194|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012011431/http://scores.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=243250194|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 12, 2012|title=Ginn returns fourth punt for TD this season|access-date=April 8, 2010|date=November 20, 2004|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> The record had been tied by both [[Ira Matthews]] of the [[Wisconsin Badgers football|Wisconsin Badgers]] (1976) and [[Tim Dwight]] of the [[Iowa Hawkeyes football|Iowa Hawkeyes]] (1997).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2007bigtenfbguide.pdf|access-date=December 7, 2007|title=Big Ten Football: Individual Records (All Games)|publisher=The Big Ten Conference|archive-date=October 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026093428/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2007bigtenfbguide.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>


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[[File:2008-1226-Pasadena-008-RoseBowl.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Derricotte caught a 45-yard [[reception (American football)|reception]] in the [[1948 Rose Bowl]].]]
In the [[Associated Press]] poll at the end of the 1947 season, the [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football|Notre Dame Fighting Irish]] were ranked ahead of the University of Michigan, though both teams were undefeated. Some noted that every Southern AP voter had voted for Notre Dame, which had yet to integrate, whereas three of Michigan's star players (Derricotte, [[Bob Mann (American football)|Bob Mann]] and [[Len Ford]]) were African-American. The Southern schools refused even to schedule games against schools that played African-American players.<ref>John Kryk, "Natural Enemies: Major College Football's Oldest, Fiercest Rivalry," Taylor Trade Publishing, 2004, {{ISBN|1-58979-090-1}}, p. 145.</ref>
In the [[Associated Press]] poll at the end of the 1947 season, the [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football|Notre Dame Fighting Irish]] were ranked ahead of the University of Michigan, though both teams were undefeated. Some noted that every Southern AP voter had voted for Notre Dame, which had yet to integrate, whereas three of Michigan's star players (Derricotte, [[Bob Mann (American football)|Bob Mann]] and [[Len Ford]]) were African-American. The Southern schools refused even to schedule games against schools that played African-American players.<ref>John Kryk, "Natural Enemies: Major College Football's Oldest, Fiercest Rivalry," Taylor Trade Publishing, 2004, {{ISBN|1-58979-090-1}}, p. 145.</ref>


Michigan beat USC, 49–0, in the [[1948 Rose Bowl]] game. Derricotte scored a touchdown on a 45-yard [[Reception (American football)|reception]] from Henry Fonde in the game.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fd87BHQ4VrkC&q=%22gene+derricotte%22&pg=PT122|title=Michigan: Champions of the West!|publisher=Sagamore Publishing |date=November 1, 1997|isbn=1-57167-115-3|author=Madej, Bruce}}</ref> Derricotte also completed a ten-yard pass during the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-bowl-history-2003.pdf|title=Michigan's Bowl History|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=mgoblue.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530181255/http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-bowl-history-2003.pdf|archive-date=2008-05-30}}</ref>
Michigan beat USC, 49–0, in the [[1948 Rose Bowl]] game. Derricotte scored a touchdown on a 45-yard [[Reception (American football)|reception]] from Henry Fonde in the game.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fd87BHQ4VrkC&q=%22gene+derricotte%22&pg=PT122|title=Michigan: Champions of the West!|publisher=Sagamore Publishing |date=November 1, 1997|isbn=1-57167-115-3|author=Madej, Bruce}}</ref> Derricotte also completed a ten-yard pass during the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-bowl-history-2003.pdf|title=Michigan's Bowl History|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=mgoblue.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530181255/http://www.mgoblue.com/document_file/fbl-bowl-history-2003.pdf|archive-date=May 30, 2008}}</ref>


Over the course of his Michigan career, he set the career interceptions record. Neither Derricotte's career nor single-season interceptions records lasted very long. The career interception record lasted one season and the single-season record lasted three. He was also involved in only the third time Michigan had two 100-yard rushers in the same game.<ref name=RB/>
Over the course of his Michigan career, he set the career interceptions record. Neither Derricotte's career nor single-season interceptions records lasted very long. The career interception record lasted one season and the single-season record lasted three. He was also involved in only the third time Michigan had two 100-yard rushers in the same game.<ref name=RB/>


== Professional career ==
== Professional career ==
Derricotte was selected in the first round of the [[All-America Football Conference]] draft in 1949 by the undefeated league defending champion,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandbrowns.com/team/history/results/1948.php|title=History: 1948|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=Cleveland Browns|work=clevelandbrowns.com|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017003125/http://www.clevelandbrowns.com/team/history/results/1948.php |archive-date = October 17, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Cleveland Browns]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgoblue.com/football/article.aspx?id=40068|title=NFL Draft History 1930s and 1940s|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=University of Michigan & Host Interactive|date=2005-06-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071227211352/http://mgoblue.com/football/article.aspx?id=40068 |archive-date = December 27, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Unfortunately, he was injured during training camp with the Browns at the end of July 1949 while standing along the sidelines playing catch with a teammate.<ref name=Release/> Coach Paul Brown said Derricotte had a chronic knee injury that only rest could cure. Accordingly, Brown placed Derricotte on waivers, but said hoped he could return for another tryout in 1950.<ref name=KIFDOoAS/><ref name=Release>{{cite news|title=Cleveland Releases Gene Derricotte|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1949-08-07}}</ref>
Derricotte was selected in the first round of the [[All-America Football Conference]] draft in 1949 by the undefeated league defending champion,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandbrowns.com/team/history/results/1948.php|title=History: 1948|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=Cleveland Browns|work=clevelandbrowns.com|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017003125/http://www.clevelandbrowns.com/team/history/results/1948.php |archive-date = October 17, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Cleveland Browns]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgoblue.com/football/article.aspx?id=40068|title=NFL Draft History 1930s and 1940s|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=University of Michigan & Host Interactive|date=June 23, 2005|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071227211352/http://mgoblue.com/football/article.aspx?id=40068 |archive-date = December 27, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was injured during training camp with the Browns at the end of July 1949 while standing along the sidelines playing catch with a teammate.<ref name=Release/> Coach Paul Brown said Derricotte had a chronic knee injury that only rest could cure. Accordingly, Brown placed Derricotte on waivers, but said hoped he could return for another tryout in 1950.<ref name=KIFDOoAS/><ref name=Release>{{cite news|title=Cleveland Releases Gene Derricotte|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 7, 1949}}</ref>


Derricotte was inducted into the [[University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letterwinnersmclub.com/hallofhonor.html|title=Hall of Honor|access-date=2007-12-07|publisher=letterwinnersmclub.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027023751/http://www.letterwinnersmclub.com/hallofhonor.html|archive-date=2007-10-27}}</ref> Derricotte also had a successful career in dentistry. In 1950, Derricotte earned a degree in pharmacy, and in 1958, he earned a further degree in dentistry.<ref name=DEGD/> After receiving the second degree, Derricotte returned to the military, serving in [[Vietnam]], as well as [[South Dakota]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Texas]], [[Hawaii]], [[Virginia]], [[Illinois]], and at the [[United States Air Force Academy]] before his retirement in 1985.<ref name=DEGD/> Derricotte then relocated to [[San Antonio, Texas]], where he started another career at the [[University of Texas Health Science Center]]. He married, and he and his wife Jeanne had a son, Rob.<ref name=Richter/> The family continued to reside in the [[San Antonio]] area. Derricotte retired from dentistry in 2000.<ref name=DEGD>{{cite web|url=http://www.sactai.com/Derricott.html|title=Dr. Eugene "Gene" Derricotte|publisher=sactai.com|access-date=2007-12-07}}</ref>
Derricotte was inducted into the [[University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letterwinnersmclub.com/hallofhonor.html|title=Hall of Honor|access-date=December 7, 2007|publisher=letterwinnersmclub.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027023751/http://www.letterwinnersmclub.com/hallofhonor.html|archive-date=October 27, 2007}}</ref> Derricotte also had a successful career in dentistry. In 1950, Derricotte earned a degree in pharmacy, and in 1958, he earned a further degree in dentistry.<ref name=DEGD/> After receiving the second degree, Derricotte returned to the military, serving in [[Vietnam]], as well as [[South Dakota]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Texas]], [[Hawaii]], [[Virginia]], [[Illinois]], and at the [[United States Air Force Academy]] before his retirement in 1985.<ref name=DEGD/> Derricotte then relocated to [[San Antonio, Texas]], where he started another career at the [[University of Texas Health Science Center]]. He married, and he and his wife Jeanne had a son, Rob.<ref name=Richter/> The family continued to reside in the [[San Antonio]] area. Derricotte retired from dentistry in 2000.<ref name=DEGD>{{cite web|url=http://www.sactai.com/Derricott.html|title=Dr. Eugene "Gene" Derricotte|publisher=sactai.com|access-date=December 7, 2007}}</ref>


In March 2007, he was one of many Tuskegee Airmen honored at a ceremony held in [[Washington, D.C.]], where they were awarded the [[Congressional Gold Medal]] in recognition of their service to the United States.<ref name=Tuskegee/> They were also honored at another ceremony in mid-June 2007 at [[Randolph Air Force Base]] in [[Universal City, Texas]], near San Antonio.<ref name=Tuskegee>{{cite web|author=Staff Sgt. Lindsey Maurice|title=Local Tuskegee Airmen honored|publisher=Randolph Air Force Base|date=2007-06-17|access-date=2008-07-07|url=http://www.randolph.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123057069|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630145456/http://www.randolph.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123057069|archive-date=2007-06-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In March 2007, he was one of many Tuskegee Airmen honored at a ceremony held in [[Washington, D.C.]], where they were awarded the [[Congressional Gold Medal]] in recognition of their service to the United States.<ref name=Tuskegee/> They were also honored at another ceremony in mid-June 2007 at [[Randolph Air Force Base]] in [[Universal City, Texas]], near San Antonio.<ref name=Tuskegee>{{cite web|author=Staff Sgt. Lindsey Maurice|title=Local Tuskegee Airmen honored|publisher=Randolph Air Force Base|date=June 17, 2007|access-date=July 7, 2008|url=http://www.randolph.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123057069|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630145456/http://www.randolph.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123057069|archive-date=June 30, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Detricotte died on March 31, 2023, at the age of 96.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/article/tuskegee-airman-dies-17873207.php#photo-23636078|title=San Antonio's last surviving Tuskegee Airman dies at 96|publisher=[[San Antonio Express-News]]|date=2023-04-01|access-date=2023-04-01}}</ref>
Detricotte died on March 31, 2023, at age 96.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/article/tuskegee-airman-dies-17873207.php#photo-23636078|title=San Antonio's last surviving Tuskegee Airman dies at 96|publisher=[[San Antonio Express-News]]|date=April 1, 2023|access-date=April 1, 2023}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

{{Portal|World War II}}
* [[List of NCAA major college football yearly punt and kickoff return leaders]]
* [[List of NCAA major college football yearly punt and kickoff return leaders]]


== Notes ==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Tuskegee Airmen}}
{{Tuskegee Airmen}}
{{1947 Michigan Wolverines football navbox}}
{{1947 Michigan Wolverines football navbox}}
{{1948 Michigan Wolverines football navbox}}
{{1948 Michigan Wolverines football navbox}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Derricotte, Gene}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Derricotte, Gene}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:African-American players of American football]]
[[Category:American football halfbacks]]
[[Category:American football halfbacks]]
[[Category:American football return specialists]]
[[Category:American football return specialists]]
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[[Category:United States Army personnel of World War II]]
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[[Category:21st-century African-American sportsmen]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American sportspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American sportsmen]]

Latest revision as of 16:28, 6 November 2024

Gene Derricotte
No. 41
Derricotte from 1948 team portrait
Born:(1926-06-14)June 14, 1926
Fostoria, Ohio, U.S.
Died:March 31, 2023(2023-03-31) (aged 96)
Career information
Position(s)Halfback, return specialist
Height5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Weight178 lb (81 kg)
CollegeMichigan
Career highlights and awards
HonorsMichigan all-time records

Single-season punt return average (1947–)
Single-season punt return TDs (1947–)
Career punt return TDs (1947–)
Single-season interceptions (1946–1949)
Career interceptions (1948–1949)
Big Ten all-time records

Single-season punt return TDs (1947–2004)

Eugene Derricotte (June 14, 1926 – March 31, 2023) was an American college football player who was a halfback and return specialist for the Michigan Wolverines from 1944 to 1948. He was one of the first African-American athletes at the University of Michigan in the era when college football was beginning to integrate. Derricotte established school records that still stand as a punt returner for the Wolverines. He also established several short-lived school interceptions records. Derricotte also served as a Tuskegee Airman and later had a successful career in dentistry while continuing to serve in the military.

Early years and college

[edit]
Derricotte caught a 45-yard reception in the 1948 Rose Bowl.

Derricotte was born in Fostoria, Ohio, on June 14, 1926,[1] and he grew up in Defiance, Ohio, where his father Clarence Cobb Derricotte ran a shoe repair business. In addition to Eugene, Bessie M. Anderson and Clarence Derricotte had two other sons, Bruce (b. June 22, 1928) and Raymond.[2] Gene married Jeanne E. Hagans and had a son Robert.[1] Years later, Gene Derricotte would tell a reporter friend of his that he always wondered about his ancestry. He knew his name was French, but he was not able to find out much more about his roots.[3]

While Eugene (or Gene, as he was often called) would become known for his athletic ability, he was also an excellent student, graduating from Defiance High School as the class valedictorian. (Jason, 1944) Because he was a star athlete, he was awarded a scholarship to attend the University of Michigan. He enrolled in 1944, majoring in chemistry.[4] While there, he became the first African-American to play in the offensive backfield for the Michigan Wolverines football program. Derricotte was an immediate contributor as the team's leading ground gainer in 1944.[5] Press reports in 1944 typically referred to his race, identifying him as "freshman negro halfback,"[6] the "Negro speedster,"[7] the "speedy negro freshman,"[8] or the "lithe Negro star."[9]

In December 1944, Derricotte was drafted into the United States Army.[4] He was initially assigned as an artillery cannoneer with the 16th Separate Training Battalion in Fort Bragg, North Carolina.[5][10] He later transferred to the Tuskegee Airmen pilot training program in Tuskegee, Alabama. Derricotte graduated from the program in May 1946. With the war over, he was discharged, and he returned to the University of Michigan to continue his education.[11]

When he returned from the war in 1946 and resumed his education, he continued to excel in academics as well as sports. He maintained a "B" average and majored in pharmacy.[12] In football, he shared the starting duties at the left halfback position with Bob Chappuis, who went on to All-Big Ten Conference honors in 1946. After starting nine games at left halfback for Fritz Crisler in 1944,[13] Derricotte started five games to Chappuis' four in 1946.[14] In the first game of the 1946 season, Derricotte threw a touchdown pass to Paul White and was described as the "sparkplug of the Michigan running game."[15] Derricotte broke his nose in a scrimmage after the first game and saw limited playing time, which gave Chappuis an opportunity to shine.[16]

Derricotte, who wore No. 41 while a Michigan Wolverine,[17] had an unusual college football career because he began by starting many games, but gradually became more of a return specialist. In 1946, Derricotte also set the school's single-season interceptions record.[18] By 1947, Chappuis had become an All-American halfback and Derricotte's only start was one game at quarterback.[19] In 1947, Derricotte averaged 24.8 yards on punt returns, which still stands as a Michigan school record (min 1.2 returns/game). In fact, Derricotte still ranks fifth in NCAA Division I-A history in average yards per punt return.[20] Oddly, the NCAA recognizes that he had 347 return yards on 14 returns that season (24.8).[20] The University of Michigan claims he had 396 punt return yards that season (which would be 24.8 with 16 returns), but did not average at least 12.3 with a minimum of 15 returns to rank in the top ten in school history.[18] The Big Ten record book claims he did not have at least a 17.4 return average with a minimum of 10 returns to place in the top ten in conference history.[21] The 396 was a Michigan record from 1947 until 1990 when Tripp Welborne totaled 455 in 1990. In 1948, he again only had one start, but this time back at halfback under new coach, Bennie Oosterbaan.[22] Both the 1947 Michigan Wolverines football team, Fritz Crisler's last team, and the 1948 Michigan Wolverines football team were undefeated and finished the season ranked number 1 in the Associated Press polls.[19][22] The 1947 team referred to as "Michigan's Mad Magicians" is considered to be the greatest University of Michigan football team of all time.[23]

During his Michigan career, Derricotte returned four punts for touchdowns, which set a school record that has since been tied (but not exceeded) by Steve Breaston and Derrick Alexander.[24] He also returned three punts for touchdowns in one season, which was a Big Ten Conference record for more than 50 years until Ted Ginn Jr. returned four punts for touchdowns in 2004.[25][26] The record had been tied by both Ira Matthews of the Wisconsin Badgers (1976) and Tim Dwight of the Iowa Hawkeyes (1997).[27]

In the Associated Press poll at the end of the 1947 season, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish were ranked ahead of the University of Michigan, though both teams were undefeated. Some noted that every Southern AP voter had voted for Notre Dame, which had yet to integrate, whereas three of Michigan's star players (Derricotte, Bob Mann and Len Ford) were African-American. The Southern schools refused even to schedule games against schools that played African-American players.[28]

Michigan beat USC, 49–0, in the 1948 Rose Bowl game. Derricotte scored a touchdown on a 45-yard reception from Henry Fonde in the game.[29] Derricotte also completed a ten-yard pass during the game.[30]

Over the course of his Michigan career, he set the career interceptions record. Neither Derricotte's career nor single-season interceptions records lasted very long. The career interception record lasted one season and the single-season record lasted three. He was also involved in only the third time Michigan had two 100-yard rushers in the same game.[18]

Professional career

[edit]

Derricotte was selected in the first round of the All-America Football Conference draft in 1949 by the undefeated league defending champion,[31] Cleveland Browns.[32] He was injured during training camp with the Browns at the end of July 1949 while standing along the sidelines playing catch with a teammate.[33] Coach Paul Brown said Derricotte had a chronic knee injury that only rest could cure. Accordingly, Brown placed Derricotte on waivers, but said hoped he could return for another tryout in 1950.[11][33]

Derricotte was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1987.[34] Derricotte also had a successful career in dentistry. In 1950, Derricotte earned a degree in pharmacy, and in 1958, he earned a further degree in dentistry.[35] After receiving the second degree, Derricotte returned to the military, serving in Vietnam, as well as South Dakota, Massachusetts, Texas, Hawaii, Virginia, Illinois, and at the United States Air Force Academy before his retirement in 1985.[35] Derricotte then relocated to San Antonio, Texas, where he started another career at the University of Texas Health Science Center. He married, and he and his wife Jeanne had a son, Rob.[3] The family continued to reside in the San Antonio area. Derricotte retired from dentistry in 2000.[35]

In March 2007, he was one of many Tuskegee Airmen honored at a ceremony held in Washington, D.C., where they were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in recognition of their service to the United States.[36] They were also honored at another ceremony in mid-June 2007 at Randolph Air Force Base in Universal City, Texas, near San Antonio.[36]

Detricotte died on March 31, 2023, at age 96.[37]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Who's Who Among African Americans (22nd ed.). Gale. July 2008. p. 325. ISBN 978-1-4144-3335-6.
  2. ^ "Foster Ohio". Chicago Defender. August 6, 1938. p. 22.
  3. ^ a b Richter, 1998
  4. ^ a b "Michigan's Derricotte is now an Army Private". Chicago Defender. February 24, 1945. p. 7.
  5. ^ a b Whoric, Johh H. (March 9, 1945). "Sportorials". The Daily Courier, Connellsville, Pa.
  6. ^ "Wildcats Down 20 to 0 at Half of Big Ten Game". San Antonio Express. October 15, 1944.
  7. ^ "Derricotte to Lead Wolves Against Penn". The Herald-Press, St.Joseph, Mich. November 2, 1944.
  8. ^ "Lund Will Fill Wiese's Shoes For Wolverines". The News-Palladium (Benton Harbor, Mich.). October 31, 1944.
  9. ^ Fischer, Leo (September 12, 1946). "Michigan Looks For Bright Season". The Port Arthur News.
  10. ^ "Derricotte In Training". The Lima News. May 23, 1945.
  11. ^ a b "Knee Injury Forces Derricotte Out of All Star". Chicago Defender. August 13, 1949. p. 14.
  12. ^ Will Robinson (December 20, 1947). "Michigan's Derricotte Versatile". Pittsburgh Courier. p. 14.
  13. ^ "1944 Football Team". The Regents of the University of Michigan. March 31, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  14. ^ "1946 Football Team". The Regents of the University of Michigan. March 31, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  15. ^ "Wolves Rip Hoosiers 21-0, Before 74,600". The Wisconsin State Journal. September 29, 1946.
  16. ^ "Derricotte Injured". The Oelwein Daily Register. October 3, 1946.
  17. ^ "Bentley Historical Library -- U of M Football Rosters: Derricotte". The Regents of the University of Michigan. August 25, 2003. Archived from the original on May 29, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  18. ^ a b c "Record Book" (PDF). University of Michigan & Host Interactive. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 29, 2008. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
  19. ^ a b "1947 Football Team". The Regents of the University of Michigan. March 31, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  20. ^ a b "Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Record Book" (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. August 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
  21. ^ "Big Ten Football: Individual Records (All Games)" (PDF). The Big Ten Conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 26, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
  22. ^ a b "1948 Football Team". The Regents of the University of Michigan. March 31, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  23. ^ Jones, Todd (2007). "Michigan". In MacCambridge, Michael (ed.). ESPN Big Ten College Football Encyclopedia. ESPN Enterprises. ISBN 978-1-933060-49-1.
  24. ^ "Record Book" (PDF). mgoblue.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 29, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  25. ^ "UW's Stocco, Iowa's Babineaux and OSU's Ginn Earn Football Weekly Accolades: Buckeyes freshman equals Big Ten record with third punt return touchdown". CBS Interactive. November 8, 2004. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  26. ^ "Ginn returns fourth punt for TD this season". ESPN. November 20, 2004. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  27. ^ "Big Ten Football: Individual Records (All Games)" (PDF). The Big Ten Conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 26, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  28. ^ John Kryk, "Natural Enemies: Major College Football's Oldest, Fiercest Rivalry," Taylor Trade Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-58979-090-1, p. 145.
  29. ^ Madej, Bruce (November 1, 1997). Michigan: Champions of the West!. Sagamore Publishing. ISBN 1-57167-115-3.
  30. ^ "Michigan's Bowl History" (PDF). mgoblue.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  31. ^ "History: 1948". clevelandbrowns.com. Cleveland Browns. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  32. ^ "NFL Draft History 1930s and 1940s". University of Michigan & Host Interactive. June 23, 2005. Archived from the original on December 27, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  33. ^ a b "Cleveland Releases Gene Derricotte". Los Angeles Times. August 7, 1949.
  34. ^ "Hall of Honor". letterwinnersmclub.com. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  35. ^ a b c "Dr. Eugene "Gene" Derricotte". sactai.com. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  36. ^ a b Staff Sgt. Lindsey Maurice (June 17, 2007). "Local Tuskegee Airmen honored". Randolph Air Force Base. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
  37. ^ "San Antonio's last surviving Tuskegee Airman dies at 96". San Antonio Express-News. April 1, 2023. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
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