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Elaborating on Lucius Annius, the Latin praetor, and cited to Livy.
 
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{{short description|Families from Ancient Rome who shared the Annius nomen}}
The '''''gens Annia''''' was a [[plebs|plebeian]] family of considerable antiquity at [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]. The first person of this name whom [[Livy]] mentions is the [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latin]] [[praetor]] [[Lucius Annius]] of [[Sezze|Setia]], a Roman colony in 340 BC. By the time of the [[Second Punic War]], the Annii were obtaining minor magistracies at Rome, and in 153 BC, [[Titus Annius Luscus (consul 153 BC)|Titus Annius Luscus]] attained the [[Roman consul|consulship]]. The [[gens]] remained prominent at Rome through the first century. The emperor [[Marcus Aurelius]] was descended from a family of this name.<ref name="ReferenceA">''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]], Editor.</ref>
[[File:C. Annius T.f. T.n %26 L. Fabius L.f. Hispaniensis. Silver Denarius.jpg|thumb|[[Denarius]] of Gaius Annius, minted c. 81 BC, on his way to fight [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorius]]. The obverse depicts Anna Perenna.<ref>Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', pp. 381-386.</ref>|250x250px]]
The '''gens Annia''' was a [[plebeian]] family at [[ancient Rome]]. [[Livy]] mentions a [[Lucius Annius]], [[praetor]] of the Roman colony of [[Sezze|Setia]], in 340 BC, and other Annii are mentioned at Rome during this period. Members of this [[gens]] held various positions of authority from the time of the [[Second Punic War]], and [[Titus Annius Luscus (consul 153 BC)|Titus Annius Luscus]] attained the [[Roman consul|consulship]] in 153 BC. In the second century AD, the Annii gained the [[Roman Empire|Empire]] itself; [[Marcus Aurelius]] was descended from this family.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, pp. 180 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Annia gens|Annia Gens]]"), 439–443 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Aurelius|Aurelius]]", "[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Marcus Aurelius Antoninus|Marcus Aurelius Antoninus]]").</ref>


==Origin==
==Origin==
The Annii claimed a descent from the goddess [[Anna Perenna]], the sister of [[Dido]], portrayed on the coins of Gaius Annius Luscus.<ref>Babelon, ''Monnaies de la République romaine'', vol. I, p. 139.</ref> The [[Nomen gentilicium|nomen]] ''Annius'' was classified by Chase as one of [[Picentes|Picentine]] origin, while the first of the Annii appearing in history (in 340 BC) was praetor of [[Sezze|Setia]], originally a [[Volsci]]an town, captured by the Romans in 382 BC. Both the Picentes and the Volsci spoke [[Umbrian language]]s, so it may be that Annius was a member of an old Volscian family, rather than one of the [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latin]] colonists, on whose behalf he spoke.<ref>Chase, p. 128.</ref><ref>''Oxford Classical Dictionary'', 2nd Ed., p. 1131 ("Volsci").</ref> It seems the gens acquired the citizenship soon after, since a Roman senator named Annius is recorded a generation later.
Although the earliest of the Annii was from the [[Volsci]]an town of Setia, he seems to have been a Latin, and the names used by the various members of this family are consistent with a Latin origin. Whether Roman Annii were descended from this Lucius Annius is not known. At least one early Annius was from [[Campania]], but by this time, the family was already established at Rome.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


==Praenomina==
==Praenomina==
The main families of the Annii at Rome used the [[praenomen|praenomina]] ''[[Titus (praenomen)|Titus]], [[Lucius (praenomen)|Lucius]]'', and ''[[Gaius (praenomen)|Gaius]]''. The Annii Lusci preferred ''Titus'' and ''Gaius'', while the Annii Bellieni used ''Lucius'' and ''Gaius''. Other members of the gens used ''Lucius, [[Publius (praenomen)|Publius]], Gaius'', and ''[[Quintus (praenomen)|Quintus]]''.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
The main families of the Annii at Rome used the [[praenomen|praenomina]] ''[[Titus (praenomen)|Titus]]'', ''[[Marcus (praenomen)|Marcus]]'', ''[[Lucius (praenomen)|Lucius]]'', and ''[[Gaius (praenomen)|Gaius]]''. Other names occur infrequently, although in imperial times several of the Annii used ''[[Appius (praenomen)|Appius]]'', an otherwise uncommon praenomen chiefly associated with the [[Claudia gens|Claudii]].


==Branches and cognomina==
==Branches and cognomina==
A number of Annii during the [[Roman Republic|Republic]] bore no [[cognomen]]. The main family of the Annii was surnamed ''Luscus'', "bleary-eyed" or, "one-eyed". One member of this family bore the additional surname ''Rufus'', probably in reference to his red hair.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp. 842, 843 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Luscus|Luscus]]", "[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Annius Luscus|Annius Luscus]]").</ref><ref>Chase, pp. 109, 110.</ref> A variety of surnames were borne by individual Annii, including ''Asellus'', a diminutive of ''asinus'', a donkey; ''Bassus'', stout; ''Cimber'', one of the [[Cimbri]]; ''Faustus'', fortunate; ''Gallus'', a [[Gauls|Gaul]] or cockerel; and ''Pollio'', a polisher.<ref>Chase, p. 110–112, 114.</ref><ref>''New College Latin & English Dictionary'', ''s. v. Cimber''.</ref> ''[[Belliena gens|Bellienus]]'' or ''Billienus'', sometimes described as a cognomen of the Annii, was in fact a separate gens, although [[Cicero]] refers to a ''Gaius Annius Bellienus''; it is not certain which of the Bellieni mentioned below actually belong to the Annia gens.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, p. 481 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Bellienus|Bellienus]]").</ref>
A number of Annii during the [[Roman Republic|Republic]] bore no [[cognomen]]. The principal branches of the Annii were surnamed ''Luscus'' and ''Bellienus'' (or ''Bilienus''). ''Luscus'' is derived from a word variously translated as "one-eyed", "bleary-eyed", or "partly blind". It must have been applied to an ancestor of the oldest family of the ''gens'', and the only one to obtain the consulship at Rome. One member of this family bore the additional surname ''Rufus'', probably in reference to his red hair. The last noteworthy member of the family became known as ''Milo'', apparently a reference to a notorious robber in southern Italy. A variety of surnames were borne by individual Annii, including ''Asellus, Bassus, Cimber, Faustus, Gallus'', and ''Pollio''.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


==Members of the gens==
==Members==
{{Filiation}}
{{Filiation}}

===Annii Lusci===
===Annii Lusci===
* Titus Annius (Luscus), [[triumvirate|triumvir]] for the founding of colonies in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] in 218 BC, obliged by a sudden rising of the [[Boii]] to take refuge in [[Modena|Mutina]].<ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'' xxi. 25.</ref>
* Marcus Annius (Luscus), [[triumvirate|triumvir]] for the founding of colonies in [[Cisalpine Gaul]] in 218 BC, obliged by a sudden rising of the [[Boii]] to take refuge in [[Modena|Mutina]].<ref>Livy, xxi. 25.</ref>
* Titus Annius T. f. Luscus, sent as an envoy to [[Perseus of Macedon|Perseus]] in 172 BC, and triumvir for augmenting the colony at [[Aquileia]] in 169.<ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'' xlii. 25, xliii. 17.</ref>
* Titus Annius M. f. Luscus, sent as an envoy to [[Perseus of Macedon|Perseus]] in 172 BC, and triumvir for augmenting the colony at [[Aquileia]] in 169.<ref>Livy, xlii. 25, xliii. 17.</ref>
* [[Titus Annius Luscus (consul 153 BC)|Titus Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus]], consul in 153 BC, an orator who opposed [[Tiberius Gracchus|Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus]] in 133.<ref>[[Plutarch]]us, ''[[Parallel Lives|Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans]]'' ''Tiberius Gracchus'' 14.</ref>
* [[Titus Annius Luscus (consul 153 BC)|Titus Annius T. f. M. n. Luscus]], consul in 153 BC, an orator who opposed [[Tiberius Gracchus]] in 133.<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Tiberius Gracchus", 14.</ref>
* Titus Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus, surnamed ''Rufus'', consul in 128 BC.<ref>''[[Fasti|Fasti Capitolini]]''</ref>
* Titus Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus, surnamed ''Rufus'', praetor in 131 BC, and subsequently governor of [[Sicilia (Roman province)|Sicily]]. He was consul in 128 BC.<ref>''[[Fasti Capitolini]]'', {{AE|1927|101}}; 1940, 59, 60.</ref>
* [[Gaius Annius Luscus|Gaius Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus]], commander of the garrison at [[Leptis Magna]] under [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus]] during the [[Jugurtha|Jugurthine War]] in 108 BC, and later sent by [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla]] against [[Quintus Sertorius]] in 81.
* [[Gaius Annius Luscus|Gaius Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus]], commander of the garrison at [[Leptis Magna]] under [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus|Metellus Numidicus]] during the [[Jugurthine War]] in 108 BC, and later sent by [[Sulla]] against [[Sertorius]] in 81, whom he compelled to retire to [[Cartagena, Spain|Carthago Nova]].<ref>Sallust, ''Bellum Jugurthinum'', 77.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Sertorius", 7.</ref>
* Annia T. f. T. n., the wife of [[Gaius Papius Celsus]] and mother of [[Titus Annius Milo|Titus Annius Papianus Milo]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* Annia T. f. T. n., the wife of [[Gaius Papius Celsus]] and mother of [[Titus Annius Milo]].<ref name="DGRBM Milo"/>
* [[Titus Annius Milo|Titus Annius T. f. Milo]], the son of Celsus and Annia, was adopted by his grandfather, Titus Annius Luscus, whose name he assumed. He was [[tribune of the plebs]] in 57 BC, and became a staunch opponent of [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]], for whose murder he was unsuccessfully defended by Cicero in 52.<ref name="DGRBM Milo">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp. 1085, 1086 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Titus Annius Papianus Milo|Titus Annius Papianus Milo]]").</ref>
* [[Titus Annius Milo|Titus Annius Papianus Milo]], ''[[tribunus plebis]]'' in 57 BC, and unsuccessfully defended by [[Cicero]] after the murder of [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]] in 52.


===Annii Bellieni===
===Annii Bellieni===
* Lucius Annius C. f. Bellienus, praetor in 107 BC, served under [[Gaius Marius]] in the war against [[Jugurtha]] and [[Bocchus I|Bocchus]].<ref>[[Sallust|Gaius Sallustius Crispus]], ''Jugurthine War'' 104.</ref><ref>T. Robert S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (1952).</ref>
* Lucius Annius C. f. Bellienus, praetor in 105 BC, served under [[Gaius Marius]] in the war against [[Jugurtha]] and [[Bocchus I|Bocchus]].<ref>Sallust, ''Bellum Jugurthinum'', 104.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 551, 552 (note 3).</ref>
* Lucius Annius Bellienus, uncle of [[Catiline]], ordered by Sulla to kill [[Quintus Lucretius Ofella]], and condemned in 64 BC.<ref>[[Asconius Pedianus|Quintus Asconius Pedianus]], ''in Toga Candida'' p. 92, ed. Orelli.</ref>
* Gaius Annius Bellienus, legate of Marcus Fonteius in [[Gallia Narbonensis]], ''circa'' 74 BC.<ref>Cicero, ''Pro Fonteio'' 4.</ref>
* Gaius Annius Bellienus, legate of Marcus Fonteius in [[Gallia Narbonensis]], in 72 BC.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''Pro Fonteio'' 4.</ref>
* Lucius Annius Bellienus, uncle of [[Catiline]], ordered by Sulla to kill [[Quintus Lucretius Afella]], and condemned in 64 BC.<ref>[[Asconius Pedianus]], ''in Toga Candida'' p. 92, ed. Orelli.</ref>
* Lucius Annius Bellienus, whose house was burnt down after the murder of [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] in 44 BC.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[Philippicae]]'' ii. 36.</ref>
* Lucius Annius Bellienus, whose house was burnt down after the murder of [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] in 44 BC.<ref>Cicero, ''Philippicae'' ii. 36.</ref>

===Annii Polliones===
* Gaius Annius (Pollio), father of the Pollio attested from the columbarium of his freedmen. Maybe the Annius who was ''[[triumvir monetalis]]'' in 9 BC.<ref name=Coins/>
* Gaius Annius C. f. Pollio, a senator known from the [[columbarium]] of his freedmen. Believed to be the father of Gaius Annius Pollio, consul in 21 or 22.<ref>{{CIL|6|7395}} = ILS&nbsp;7852</ref> Maybe the Annius who was ''triumvir monetalis'' in 9 BC.<ref name=Coins>Sutherland, ''Roman Imperial Coinage'', vol. I, p. 74.</ref>
* Gaius Annius C. f. C. n. Pollio, consul ''suffectus'' in either AD 21 or 22. Accused of ''majestas'' during the reign of [[Tiberius]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'' vi. 9</ref><ref>{{CIL|6|14221}}</ref>
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* Gaius Annius C. f. C. n. Pollio, son of the consul of 21 or 22, himself consul ''suffectus'' circa AD 66. An intimate friend of [[Nero]], banished after being accused of participating in [[Pisonian conspiracy|the conspiracy]] of [[Gaius Calpurnius Piso (conspirator)|Gaius Calpurnius Piso]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'' xv. 56, 71, xvi. 30.</ref>
* Annia C. f. C. n., daughter of the consul of 21 or 22 AD, wife of an Atratinus,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Benevento romana |last=Torelli |first=Marina R. |publisher=L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER |year=2002 |isbn=9788882652098 |edition=illustrated |pages=182 |series=Saggi di storia antica |volume=18}}</ref> possibly either a Sempronius Atratinus or [[Marcus Asinius Atratinus]] the consul of 89
* [[Lucius Annius Vinicianus|Lucius Annius C. f. C. n. Vinicianus]], younger son of the consul of 21 or 22, and one of the men involved in the assassination of [[Caligula]].<ref>Josephus, ''Antiquitates Judaicae'' xviii. 20.</ref>
* [[Annius Vinicianus (condemned by Nero)|(Lucius) Annius L. f. C. n. Vinicianus]], son of the conspirator against Caligula, was involved in a plot against Nero. He took his own life rather than defend himself.
* (Gaius) Annius L. f. C. n. Pollio, son of the elder Vinicianus and husband of [[Marcia Servilia]].

===Annii Galli===
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* [[Appius Annius Gallus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 67 and Roman general under the emperors [[Otho]] and [[Vespasian]].
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* [[Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus (consul 108)|Appius Annius (Ap. f.) Trebonius Gallus]], perhaps the son of Appius Annius Gallus, the consul of AD 67; consul in 108.<ref name="Birley, p. 112">Birley, ''The Roman government of Britain'' p. 112</ref>
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* [[Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus (consul 139)|Appius Annius Ap. f. (Ap. n.) Trebonius Gallus]], consul in AD 139.<ref name="Pomeroy">Pomeroy, ''The murder of Regilla''.</ref><ref name="Birley, p. 114">Birley, ''The Roman government of Britain'' p. 114.</ref> father of:
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* [[Appius Annius Atilius Bradua|Appius Annius Ap. f. Ap. n. Atilius Bradua]], consul in AD 160.<ref name="Pomeroy"/><ref name="Birley, p. 114"/><ref>[[:de:Appius Annius Atilius Bradua]]</ref>
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* [[Aspasia Annia Regilla|Appia Annia Ap. f. Ap. n. Regilla Atilia Caucidia Tertulla]], better known as Aspasia Annia Regilla, daughter of the consul of AD 139, married [[Herodes Atticus]].<ref name="Birley, p. 112"/><ref name="Pomeroy"/>


===Annii Veri===
===Annii Veri===
* Marcus Annius Verus, a senator of Spanish descent, and great-grandfather of the emperor [[Marcus Aurelius]].
* Marcus Annius Verus, great-grandfather of the emperor [[Marcus Aurelius]], was a senator from a family that had risen to prominence through olive oil production at [[Espejo, Spain|Ucubi]] in [[Hispania]].
* [[Marcus Annius Verus|Marcus Annius M. f. Verus]], grandfather of Marcus Aurelius, obtained the consulship under [[Domitian]], and again in AD 121 and 126.
* [[Marcus Annius Verus (grandfather of Marcus Aurelius)|Marcus Annius M. f. Verus]], the grandfather of Marcus Aurelius, obtained the consulship in an uncertain year under [[Domitian]], and twice under [[Hadrian]], in AD 121 and 126. He married Rupilia Faustina.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Marcus Aurelius A Biography |last=Birley |first=Anthony R |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2012 |isbn=9781134695690 |pages=243}}</ref>
* [[Faustina the Elder|Annia M. f. M. n. Galeria Faustina]], better known as Faustina Major or Faustina the Elder, aunt of Marcus Aurelius and the wife of [[Antoninus Pius]]; Roman Empress from AD 138 to 140.
* [[Faustina the Elder|Annia M. f. M. n. Galeria Faustina]], better known as Faustina Major or Faustina the Elder, was the wife of [[Antoninus Pius]], and Roman empress from AD 138 to 140; Marcus Aurelius was her nephew.
* [[Marcus Annius Libo|Marcus Annius M. f. M. n. Libo]], uncle of Marcus Aurelius, was consul in AD 128 and 161.
* [[Marcus Annius Libo|Marcus Annius M. f. M. n. Libo]], the uncle of Marcus Aurelius, was consul in AD 128 and 161.
* [[Marcus Annius Verus (praetor)|Marcus Annius M. f. M. n. Verus]], father of Marcus Aurelius, died ''circa'' AD 124, leaving his children to be raised by their paternal grandfather.
* [[Marcus Annius Verus (father of Marcus Aurelius)|Marcus Annius M. f. M. n. Verus]], the father of Marcus Aurelius, attained the praetorship, but died ''circa'' AD 124, leaving his children to be raised by their paternal grandfather.
* Marcus Annius M. f. M. n. Libo, son of the consul of AD 128 and 161; ''legatus'' of [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]] in A.D. 162.
* [[Marcus Annius Sabinus Libo|Marcus Annius M. f. M. n. Sabinus Libo]], son of Marcus Annius Libo, the consul of AD 128 and 161.
* [[Annia Fundania Faustina|Annia M. f. M. n. Fundania Faustina]], daughter of the consul of AD 128 and 161; married [[Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio]], and later murdered at the orders of her cousin, the emperor [[Commodus]].
* [[Annia Fundania Faustina|Annia M. f. M. n. Fundania Faustina]], daughter of Marcus Annius Libo, the consul of AD 128 and 161, married [[Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio]]. She was later murdered on the orders of her cousin, the emperor [[Commodus]].
* [[Marcus Aurelius|Marcus Annius M. f. M. n. Verus]], afterwards Marcus Aurelius, emperor from AD 161 to 180.
* [[Marcus Aurelius|Marcus Annius M. f. M. n. Verus]], afterwards Marcus Aurelius, emperor from AD 161 to 180.
* [[Annia Cornificia Faustina|Annia M. f. M. n. Cornificia Faustina]], sister of Marcus Aurelius.
* [[Annia Cornificia Faustina|Annia M. f. M. n. Cornificia Faustina]], the sister of Marcus Aurelius.
* [[Marcus Annius Flavius Libo|Marcus Annius Flavius M. f. M. n. M. pron. Libo]], consul in 204 AD, he was probably the son of Marcus Annius Sabinus Libo.
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* [[Annia Faustina (daughter of Ummidia Cornificia Faustina)|Annia Faustina]], granddaughter of Annia Cornificia Faustina.
* [[Marcus Annius Verus Caesar]], the twelfth son of Marcus Aurelius.
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* [[Annia Faustina|Annia Aurelia Faustina]], daughter of Annia Faustina, married the emperor [[Elagabalus]].
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* [[Annia Faustina (daughter of Ummidia Cornificia Faustina)|Annia Faustina]], the granddaughter of Annia Cornificia Faustina.
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* [[Annia Faustina|Annia Aurelia Faustina]], the daughter of Annia Faustina, married the emperor [[Elagabalus]].


===Others===
===Others===
* [[Lucius Annius]], a native of [[Sezze|Setia]], was [[praetor]] of the [[Latin League]] in 340 BC. He demanded that the Latins be treated as half the Roman state, and that one of the consuls and half the senate be chosen from among them. On receiving the indignant reply from the senators and the consul Titus Manlius, he is said to have harangued [[Jupiter (god)|Capitoline Jupiter]]. He then fell and struck his head while leaving the senate house, though sources differ as to whether he died.<ref>Livy, viii. 3–5.</ref>
* [[Lucius Annius]], the [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latin]] [[praetor]] of [[Sezze|Setia]] in 340 BC, demanded equality for the Latins.
* Lucius Annius, a senator in 307 BC, who was expelled from the senate by the [[Roman censor|censors]] after repudiating his wife without previously consulting the ''consilium domesticum''.<ref>Valerius Maximus, ii. 9 § 2. Some manuscripts give him the name of L. Antonius, but Syme restored his name.</ref><ref>Syme, "Missing Senators", p. 55.</ref>
* Annius, a [[freedman]], and reportedly the father of [[Gnaeus Flavius (jurist)|Gnaeus Flavius]], [[aedile|curule aedile]] in 304 BC.<ref>[[Aulus Gellius]], ''Noctes Atticae'' vii. 9.</ref><ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'' ix. 46.</ref>
* Annius, a [[Campania]]n ambassador to Rome in 216 BC, demanded that one of the consuls should henceforth be a Campanian.<ref>[[Valerius Maximus]], ''[[Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX]]'' vi. 4. § 1.</ref><ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'' xxiii. 6, 22.</ref>
* Annius, a [[freedman]], and reportedly the father of [[Gnaeus Flavius (jurist)|Gnaeus Flavius]], [[aedile|curule aedile]] in 304 BC.<ref>Aulus Gellius, vii. 9.</ref><ref>Livy, ix. 46.</ref>
* Gaius Annius C. f., a quaestor or praetor during the third century BC.<ref>''CIL'' 1<sup>2</sup>.20</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 462, 474.</ref>
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* Lucius Annius, ''[[tribune|tribunus plebis]]'' in 110 BC, wished to continue in office the next year, but was resisted by his colleagues.<ref>[[Sallust|Gaius Sallustius Crispus]], ''Jugurthine War'' 37.</ref>
* Publius Annius, ''[[military tribune|tribunus militum]]'' in 87 BC, murdered [[Marcus Antonius Orator|Marcus Antonius]], the orator, and brought his head to Marius.<ref>[[Valerius Maximus]], ''[[Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX]]'' ix. 2. § 2.</ref><ref>[[Appian]]us, ''Bellum Civile'' i. 72.</ref>
* Annius, a [[Campania]]n ambassador to Rome in 216 BC, demanded that one of the consuls should henceforth be a Campanian.<ref>Valerius Maximus, vi. 4. § 1.</ref><ref>Livy, xxiii. 6, 22.</ref>
* Gaius Annius C. f., a senator in 135 BC.<ref name="SIG 688">''SIG'', 688.</ref>
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* Annia, the wife of [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna]], who died in 84 BC, and afterwards of [[Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus]], whom [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sulla]] compelled to divorce her, because of her former marriage to Cinna.<ref>[[Marcus Velleius Paterculus]], ''Compendium of Roman History'' ii. 41.</ref>
* Lucius Annius L. f., a senator in 135 BC.<ref name="SIG 688"/>
* Gaius Annius, sent into [[Hispania]] by [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sulla]] about 82 BC. against [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorius]], whom he compelled to retire to [[Cartagena, Spain|Carthago Nova]].<ref>[[Plutarch]]us, ''[[Parallel Lives|Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans]]'' ''Sertorius'' 7.</ref>
* Gaius (or Publius) Annius Asellus, a [[Roman Senate|senator]] who died, leaving his only daughter as his heiress. His property was seized by the praetor [[Verres]].<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'' i. 41 ff.</ref>
* Gaius Annius C. f., a senator in 129 BC, should probably be distinguished from the Gaius Annius of 135, who was a member of the ''[[Roman tribe|tribus]]'' Camilia, while the senator of 129 was from Arniensis.<ref>Sherk, "''Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno''", p. 367.</ref>
* Marcus Annius P. f., quaestor in Macedonia circa 119 BC, won a victory over the Celts who had killed the [[promagistrate|propraetor]] Sextus Pompeius.<ref>''SIG'', 700.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 526.</ref>
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* Quintus Annius, a senator, and one of [[Catiline|Catiline's]] conspirators in 63 BC.<ref>[[Sallust|Gaius Sallustius Crispus]], ''The Conspiracy of Catiline'' 17, 50.</ref>
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* Lucius Annius, tribune of the plebs in 110 BC, possibly the son of Lucius Annius, senator in 135, wished to continue in office the next year, but was resisted by his colleagues.<ref>Sallust, ''Bellum Jugurthinum'', 37.</ref>
* Publius Annius, a [[military tribune]] in 87 BC, murdered [[Marcus Antonius Orator|Marcus Antonius]], the orator, and brought his head to Marius.<ref>Valerius Maximus, ix. 2. § 2.</ref><ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', i. 72.</ref>
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* Annia, the wife of [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna]], who died in 84 BC, and afterwards of [[Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus]], whom [[Sulla]] compelled to divorce her, because of her former marriage to Cinna.<ref>Velleius Paterculus, ii. 41.</ref>
* [[Publius Annius Asellus]], a [[Roman Senate|senator]] who died in 75 BC, leaving his only daughter as his heiress. His property was seized by the praetor [[Verres]]. He was quaestor in Sicily soon before.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''In Verrem'' i. 41 ff.</ref><ref name=":0">Broughton, vol. II, p. 478.</ref><ref>Syme, "Missing Senators", p. 55. Syme explains that the praenomen Gaius found in the manuscript of Cicero is a mistake, as the other mentions of his name in the rest of the book mention him as Publius.</ref>
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* Quintus Annius Chilo, a senator, and one of [[Catiline]]'s conspirators in 63 BC.<ref>[[Sallust|Gaius Sallustius Crispus]], ''Bellum Catilinae'', 17, 50.</ref>
* Lucius Annius, a quaestor in Sicily before 50 BC.<ref name=":0" />
* Sextus Annius, a quaestor in Sicily before 50 BC.<ref name=":0" />
* Quintus Annius, an officer of Sextus Pompey in Sicily between 43 and 36 BC.<ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 479.</ref>
* [[Gaius Annius Cimber]], a supporter of [[Mark Antony|Marcus Antonius]] in 43 BC.
* [[Gaius Annius Cimber]], a supporter of [[Mark Antony|Marcus Antonius]] in 43 BC.
* [[Annius Rufus]], governor of Judea from AD 12 to 15.
⚫
* Gaius Annius Pollio, accused of ''majestas'' during the reign of [[Tiberius]], and later an intimate friend of [[Nero]], banished after being accused of participating in the [[Pisonian conspiracy|conspiracy]] of [[Gaius Calpurnius Piso]].<ref>[[Tacitus|Publius Cornelius Tacitus]], ''Annales'' vi. 9, xv. 56, 71, xvi. 30.</ref>
* Annius Faustus, a man of [[Equestrian order|equestrian]] rank, and one of the informers (''delatores'') in the reign of [[Nero]], was condemned by the Senate in AD 69, on the accusation of [[Lucius Junius Quintus Vibius Crispus|Vibius Crispus]].<ref>[[Tacitus|Publius Cornelius Tacitus]], ''Historiae'' ii. 10.</ref>
* Annius Faustus, a man of [[Equestrian order|equestrian]] rank, and one of the informers (''delatores'') in the reign of [[Nero]], was condemned by the Senate in AD 69, on the accusation of [[Lucius Junius Quintus Vibius Crispus|Vibius Crispus]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Historiae'' ii. 10.</ref>
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* [[Marcus Annius Afrinus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 66.
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* [[Annius Gallus]], a Roman general under the emperors [[Otho|Marcus Salvius Otho]] and [[Vespasian|Titus Flavius Vespasianus]].
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* Appius Annius Gallus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 67.
* Annius Bassus, commander of a [[Roman legion|legion]] under [[Marcus Antonius Primus]] in AD 70.<ref>[[Tacitus|Publius Cornelius Tacitus]], ''Historiae'' iii. 50.</ref>
* Annius Bassus, commander of a [[Roman legion|legion]] under [[Marcus Antonius Primus]] in AD 70.<ref>[[Tacitus|Publius Cornelius Tacitus]], ''Historiae'' iii. 50.</ref>
* [[Publius Annius Florus]], a poet and rhetorician from the time of [[Domitian]] to [[Hadrian]], wrote a dialogue titled ''Vergilius orator an poeta''. He is possibly identical with the historian Annaeus Florus.<ref>''RE'' vol. 1.2, cols. 2266–2268 ([[s:de:RE:Annius 47|Annius 47]])</ref>
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* [[Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus (consul 108)|Appius Annius (Ap. f.) Trebonius Gallus]], perhaps the son of the consul of AD 67; consul in AD 108.<ref name="Birley, p. 112">Birley, ''The Roman government of Britain'' p. 112</ref>
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* [[Lucius Annius Arrianus]], consul in AD 243.
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* [[Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus (consul 139)|Appius Annius Ap. f. (Ap. n.) Trebonius Gallus]], consul in AD 139.<ref name="ReferenceB">Pomeroy, ''The murder of Regilla: a case of domestic violence in antiquity''</ref><ref name="Birley, p. 114">Birley, ''The Roman government of Britain'' p. 114</ref> father of:
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* [[Appius Annius Atilius Bradua|Appius Annius Ap. f. Ap. n. Atilius Bradua]], consul in AD 160.<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="Birley, p. 114"/><ref>[[:de:Appius Annius Atilius Bradua]]</ref>
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* [[Aspasia Annia Regilla|Appia Annia Ap. f. Ap. n. Regilla Atilia Caucidia Tertulla]], better known as Aspasia Annia Regilla, daughter of the consul of AD 139, married [[Herodes Atticus]].<ref name="Birley, p. 112"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/>
⚫
* Lucius Annius Arrianus, consul in AD 243.
*[[Herennia Etruscilla|Annia Cupressenia Herennia Etruscilla]], empress of Rome as wife of [[Decius]], regent for her son [[Hostilian]].


==See also==
==See also==
[[List of Roman gentes]]
* [[List of Roman gentes]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Bibliography==
{{DGRBM|author=WS|title=Annia Gens|volume=1|page=180|url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0001.001/195}}
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=y}}
* [[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'', ''[[Philippicae]]'', ''Pro Fonteio''.
* Gaius Sallustius Crispus ([[Sallust]]), ''Bellum Jugurthinum'' (The Jugurthine War), ''Bellum Catilinae'' (The Conspiracy of Catiline).
* Titus Livius ([[Livy]]), ''[[Ab Urbe Condita Libri|History of Rome]]''.
* [[Marcus Velleius Paterculus]], ''Compendium of Roman History''.
* [[Valerius Maximus]], ''Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium'' (Memorable Facts and Sayings).
* [[Asconius Pedianus|Quintus Asconius Pedianus]], ''Commentarius in Oratio Ciceronis [[In Toga Candida]]'' (Commentary on Cicero's Oration ''In Toga Candida'').
* [[Tacitus|Publius Cornelius Tacitus]], ''[[Annals (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', ''[[Histories (Tacitus)|Historiae]]''.
* [[Plutarch|Plutarchus]], ''[[Parallel Lives|Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans]]''.
* [[Aulus Gellius]], ''Noctes Atticae'' (Attic Nights).
* ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]], ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
* [[Theodor Mommsen]] ''et alii'', ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
* [[Wilhelm Dittenberger]], ''Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum'' (Collection of Greek Inscriptions, abbreviated ''SIG''), Leipzig (1883).
* [[Ernest Babelon]], ''Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la République romaine'', Rollin et Feuardent, Paris (1885).
* George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897).
*[[Harold Mattingly]], Edward Allen Sydenham, [[C. H. V. Sutherland]] ''et alii'', ''[[Roman Imperial Coinage|The Roman Imperial Coinage]]'', London (1923–1984).
*[[Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton|T. Robert S. Broughton]], ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', American Philological Association (1952–1986).
*[[Ronald Syme]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4434435 Missing Senators]", ''[[Historia (classical antiquity history journal)|Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte]]'', Bd. 4, H. 1 (1955), pp. 52–71.
* Robert K. Sherk, "[http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/viewFile/11381/4167 The Text of the ''Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno'']", in ''Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies'', vol. 7, pp. 361–369 (1966).
* [[Michael Crawford (historian)|Michael Crawford]], ''Roman Republican Coinage'', Cambridge University Press (1974, 2001).
* John C. Traupman, ''The New College Latin & English Dictionary'', Bantam Books, New York (1995).
* [[Anthony Birley|Anthony R. Birley]], ''The Roman Government of Britain'', Oxford University Press (2005).
* [[Sarah B. Pomeroy]], ''The Murder of Regilla: a Case of Domestic Violence in Antiquity'', Harvard University Press (2007).
{{Refend}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Annia (gens)}}
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[[Category:Roman gentes]]
[[Category:Annii| ]]
[[Category:Annii| ]]
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[[Category:Roman gentes]]

Latest revision as of 17:30, 6 November 2024

Denarius of Gaius Annius, minted c. 81 BC, on his way to fight Sertorius. The obverse depicts Anna Perenna.[1]

The gens Annia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Livy mentions a Lucius Annius, praetor of the Roman colony of Setia, in 340 BC, and other Annii are mentioned at Rome during this period. Members of this gens held various positions of authority from the time of the Second Punic War, and Titus Annius Luscus attained the consulship in 153 BC. In the second century AD, the Annii gained the Empire itself; Marcus Aurelius was descended from this family.[2]

Origin

[edit]

The Annii claimed a descent from the goddess Anna Perenna, the sister of Dido, portrayed on the coins of Gaius Annius Luscus.[3] The nomen Annius was classified by Chase as one of Picentine origin, while the first of the Annii appearing in history (in 340 BC) was praetor of Setia, originally a Volscian town, captured by the Romans in 382 BC. Both the Picentes and the Volsci spoke Umbrian languages, so it may be that Annius was a member of an old Volscian family, rather than one of the Latin colonists, on whose behalf he spoke.[4][5] It seems the gens acquired the citizenship soon after, since a Roman senator named Annius is recorded a generation later.

Praenomina

[edit]

The main families of the Annii at Rome used the praenomina Titus, Marcus, Lucius, and Gaius. Other names occur infrequently, although in imperial times several of the Annii used Appius, an otherwise uncommon praenomen chiefly associated with the Claudii.

Branches and cognomina

[edit]

A number of Annii during the Republic bore no cognomen. The main family of the Annii was surnamed Luscus, "bleary-eyed" or, "one-eyed". One member of this family bore the additional surname Rufus, probably in reference to his red hair.[6][7] A variety of surnames were borne by individual Annii, including Asellus, a diminutive of asinus, a donkey; Bassus, stout; Cimber, one of the Cimbri; Faustus, fortunate; Gallus, a Gaul or cockerel; and Pollio, a polisher.[8][9] Bellienus or Billienus, sometimes described as a cognomen of the Annii, was in fact a separate gens, although Cicero refers to a Gaius Annius Bellienus; it is not certain which of the Bellieni mentioned below actually belong to the Annia gens.[10]

Members

[edit]
This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.

Annii Lusci

[edit]

Annii Bellieni

[edit]

Annii Polliones

[edit]
  • Gaius Annius (Pollio), father of the Pollio attested from the columbarium of his freedmen. Maybe the Annius who was triumvir monetalis in 9 BC.[23]
  • Gaius Annius C. f. Pollio, a senator known from the columbarium of his freedmen. Believed to be the father of Gaius Annius Pollio, consul in 21 or 22.[24] Maybe the Annius who was triumvir monetalis in 9 BC.[23]
  • Gaius Annius C. f. C. n. Pollio, consul suffectus in either AD 21 or 22. Accused of majestas during the reign of Tiberius.[25][26]
  • Gaius Annius C. f. C. n. Pollio, son of the consul of 21 or 22, himself consul suffectus circa AD 66. An intimate friend of Nero, banished after being accused of participating in the conspiracy of Gaius Calpurnius Piso.[27]
  • Annia C. f. C. n., daughter of the consul of 21 or 22 AD, wife of an Atratinus,[28] possibly either a Sempronius Atratinus or Marcus Asinius Atratinus the consul of 89
  • Lucius Annius C. f. C. n. Vinicianus, younger son of the consul of 21 or 22, and one of the men involved in the assassination of Caligula.[29]
  • (Lucius) Annius L. f. C. n. Vinicianus, son of the conspirator against Caligula, was involved in a plot against Nero. He took his own life rather than defend himself.
  • (Gaius) Annius L. f. C. n. Pollio, son of the elder Vinicianus and husband of Marcia Servilia.

Annii Galli

[edit]

Annii Veri

[edit]

Others

[edit]
  • Lucius Annius, a native of Setia, was praetor of the Latin League in 340 BC. He demanded that the Latins be treated as half the Roman state, and that one of the consuls and half the senate be chosen from among them. On receiving the indignant reply from the senators and the consul Titus Manlius, he is said to have harangued Capitoline Jupiter. He then fell and struck his head while leaving the senate house, though sources differ as to whether he died.[35]
  • Lucius Annius, a senator in 307 BC, who was expelled from the senate by the censors after repudiating his wife without previously consulting the consilium domesticum.[36][37]
  • Annius, a freedman, and reportedly the father of Gnaeus Flavius, curule aedile in 304 BC.[38][39]
  • Gaius Annius C. f., a quaestor or praetor during the third century BC.[40][41]
  • Annius, a Campanian ambassador to Rome in 216 BC, demanded that one of the consuls should henceforth be a Campanian.[42][43]
  • Gaius Annius C. f., a senator in 135 BC.[44]
  • Lucius Annius L. f., a senator in 135 BC.[44]
  • Gaius Annius C. f., a senator in 129 BC, should probably be distinguished from the Gaius Annius of 135, who was a member of the tribus Camilia, while the senator of 129 was from Arniensis.[45]
  • Marcus Annius P. f., quaestor in Macedonia circa 119 BC, won a victory over the Celts who had killed the propraetor Sextus Pompeius.[46][47]
  • Lucius Annius, tribune of the plebs in 110 BC, possibly the son of Lucius Annius, senator in 135, wished to continue in office the next year, but was resisted by his colleagues.[48]
  • Publius Annius, a military tribune in 87 BC, murdered Marcus Antonius, the orator, and brought his head to Marius.[49][50]
  • Annia, the wife of Lucius Cornelius Cinna, who died in 84 BC, and afterwards of Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus, whom Sulla compelled to divorce her, because of her former marriage to Cinna.[51]
  • Publius Annius Asellus, a senator who died in 75 BC, leaving his only daughter as his heiress. His property was seized by the praetor Verres. He was quaestor in Sicily soon before.[52][53][54]
  • Quintus Annius Chilo, a senator, and one of Catiline's conspirators in 63 BC.[55]
  • Lucius Annius, a quaestor in Sicily before 50 BC.[53]
  • Sextus Annius, a quaestor in Sicily before 50 BC.[53]
  • Quintus Annius, an officer of Sextus Pompey in Sicily between 43 and 36 BC.[56]
  • Gaius Annius Cimber, a supporter of Marcus Antonius in 43 BC.
  • Annius Rufus, governor of Judea from AD 12 to 15.
  • Annius Faustus, a man of equestrian rank, and one of the informers (delatores) in the reign of Nero, was condemned by the Senate in AD 69, on the accusation of Vibius Crispus.[57]
  • Marcus Annius Afrinus, consul suffectus in AD 66.
  • Annius Bassus, commander of a legion under Marcus Antonius Primus in AD 70.[58]
  • Publius Annius Florus, a poet and rhetorician from the time of Domitian to Hadrian, wrote a dialogue titled Vergilius orator an poeta. He is possibly identical with the historian Annaeus Florus.[59]
  • Lucius Annius Arrianus, consul in AD 243.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage, pp. 381-386.
  2. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. I, pp. 180 ("Annia Gens"), 439–443 ("Aurelius", "Marcus Aurelius Antoninus").
  3. ^ Babelon, Monnaies de la République romaine, vol. I, p. 139.
  4. ^ Chase, p. 128.
  5. ^ Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd Ed., p. 1131 ("Volsci").
  6. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 842, 843 ("Luscus", "Annius Luscus").
  7. ^ Chase, pp. 109, 110.
  8. ^ Chase, p. 110–112, 114.
  9. ^ New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. Cimber.
  10. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. I, p. 481 ("Bellienus").
  11. ^ Livy, xxi. 25.
  12. ^ Livy, xlii. 25, xliii. 17.
  13. ^ Plutarch, "The Life of Tiberius Gracchus", 14.
  14. ^ Fasti Capitolini, AE 1927, 101; 1940, 59, 60.
  15. ^ Sallust, Bellum Jugurthinum, 77.
  16. ^ Plutarch, "The Life of Sertorius", 7.
  17. ^ a b Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 1085, 1086 ("Titus Annius Papianus Milo").
  18. ^ Sallust, Bellum Jugurthinum, 104.
  19. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 551, 552 (note 3).
  20. ^ Cicero, Pro Fonteio 4.
  21. ^ Asconius Pedianus, in Toga Candida p. 92, ed. Orelli.
  22. ^ Cicero, Philippicae ii. 36.
  23. ^ a b Sutherland, Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. I, p. 74.
  24. ^ CIL VI, 7395 = ILS 7852
  25. ^ Tacitus, Annales vi. 9
  26. ^ CIL VI, 14221
  27. ^ Tacitus, Annales xv. 56, 71, xvi. 30.
  28. ^ Torelli, Marina R. (2002). Benevento romana. Saggi di storia antica. Vol. 18 (illustrated ed.). L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER. p. 182. ISBN 9788882652098.
  29. ^ Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae xviii. 20.
  30. ^ a b Birley, The Roman government of Britain p. 112
  31. ^ a b c Pomeroy, The murder of Regilla.
  32. ^ a b Birley, The Roman government of Britain p. 114.
  33. ^ de:Appius Annius Atilius Bradua
  34. ^ Birley, Anthony R (2012). Marcus Aurelius A Biography. Taylor & Francis. p. 243. ISBN 9781134695690.
  35. ^ Livy, viii. 3–5.
  36. ^ Valerius Maximus, ii. 9 § 2. Some manuscripts give him the name of L. Antonius, but Syme restored his name.
  37. ^ Syme, "Missing Senators", p. 55.
  38. ^ Aulus Gellius, vii. 9.
  39. ^ Livy, ix. 46.
  40. ^ CIL 12.20
  41. ^ Broughton, vol. II, pp. 462, 474.
  42. ^ Valerius Maximus, vi. 4. § 1.
  43. ^ Livy, xxiii. 6, 22.
  44. ^ a b SIG, 688.
  45. ^ Sherk, "Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno", p. 367.
  46. ^ SIG, 700.
  47. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 526.
  48. ^ Sallust, Bellum Jugurthinum, 37.
  49. ^ Valerius Maximus, ix. 2. § 2.
  50. ^ Appian, Bellum Civile, i. 72.
  51. ^ Velleius Paterculus, ii. 41.
  52. ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, In Verrem i. 41 ff.
  53. ^ a b c Broughton, vol. II, p. 478.
  54. ^ Syme, "Missing Senators", p. 55. Syme explains that the praenomen Gaius found in the manuscript of Cicero is a mistake, as the other mentions of his name in the rest of the book mention him as Publius.
  55. ^ Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Catilinae, 17, 50.
  56. ^ Broughton, vol. II, p. 479.
  57. ^ Tacitus, Historiae ii. 10.
  58. ^ Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Historiae iii. 50.
  59. ^ RE vol. 1.2, cols. 2266–2268 (Annius 47)

Bibliography

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