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{{Short description|Coach used by the Dutch royal family}} |
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[[File:Gouden koets.jpg|thumbnail|The Gold Coach with [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]], [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix]], and [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Queen Máxima]]]] |
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[[File:Gouden |
[[File:Gouden koets.jpg|thumbnail|The Golden Coach with [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]], [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix]], and [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Queen Máxima]]]] |
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[[File:Gouden Koets - Prinsjesdag 2014 (15072575499).jpg|thumbnail|The Golden Coach in use during {{Lang|nl|[[Prinsjesdag]]|italic=no}}, 2014.]] |
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The '''Golden Coach''' ({{ |
The '''Golden Coach''' ({{Langx|nl|Gouden Koets}}) is a [[coach (carriage)|coach]] owned and used by the [[Dutch monarchy|Dutch royal family]].<ref>{{Cite news |author=Laparlière, Maurice |title=Dutch royal extravagance: the queen in the golden coach |url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/dutch-royal-extravagance-queen-golden-coach |date=17 Sep 2010 |agency=Radio Netherlands Worldwide |access-date=17 Apr 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227161023/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/dutch-royal-extravagance-queen-golden-coach |archive-date=27 February 2012 }}</ref> The Golden Coach was used every year to carry the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Dutch monarch]] from the [[Noordeinde Palace]] to the [[Ridderzaal]] in order to deliver the [[Speech from the Throne]] or the wedding of the Prince of Orange or the Princess of Orange. The Golden Coach is stored at the [[Royal Stables (Netherlands)|Royal Stables]] on the Noordeinde Palace grounds in [[The Hague]]. |
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==Composition== |
==Composition== |
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The coach is made of [[Teak|teak wood]], much of which is covered in [[gold leaf]]. It is decorated with paintings by [[Nicolaas van der Waay]] and various symbolic ornaments.<ref> |
The coach is made of [[Teak|teak wood]], much of which is covered in [[gold leaf]]. It is decorated with paintings by [[Nicolaas van der Waay]] and various symbolic ornaments.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://denhaag.com/en/royal-stables |title=Royal Stables |website=The Hague & Partners}}</ref> The coach was built in [[Renaissance in the Low Countries|Dutch Renaissance]] style. It is pulled by eight horses when the reigning monarch is being carried; only six horses when other members of the royal family are travelling in the coach. [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] wanted to be able to stand upright in the coach, which explains the bent form of the coach's roof. This increased height of the coach has made it more difficult to drive. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Queen Wilhelmina received the |
Queen Wilhelmina received the Golden Coach at her 1898 [[investiture]] as a tribute from the citizens of [[Amsterdam]]. The coach was designed and built by the [[Spyker|Spijker brothers]]. Because Queen Wilhelmina wished not to receive gifts on the day of her inauguration on September 6, 1898, she actually took receipt of the Golden Coach the following day. |
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The vehicle was first used on the occasion of the marriage of [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] and [[Hendrik of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Prince Hendrik]] on February 7, 1901. Since 1903 it has mainly been used once a year, in The Hague, on the third Tuesday in September, [[Prinsjesdag]], on the occasion of the Monarch's Address.<ref> |
The vehicle was first used on the occasion of the marriage of [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] and [[Hendrik of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Prince Hendrik]] on February 7, 1901. Since 1903 it has mainly been used once a year, in The Hague, on the third Tuesday in September, {{Lang|nl|[[Prinsjesdag]]|italic=no}}, on the occasion of the Monarch's Address.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal-house.nl/topics/prinsjesdag/contents/route-of-the-golden-coach |title=Route of the Golden Coach |website=Royal House of the Netherlands |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316080759/http://www.royal-house.nl/topics/prinsjesdag/contents/route-of-the-golden-coach |archive-date=16 March 2016}}</ref> In 1974 however the coach was not used for security reasons, due to the [[1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague|French Embassy siege]].<ref>[http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010619746%3Ampeg21%3Ap001%3Aa0112 "Leeuwarder courant: hoofdblad van Friesland"], Delpher, September 19, 1974.</ref> |
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Other occasions when the carriage has been used are: |
Other occasions when the carriage has been used are: |
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* the wedding of [[Queen Juliana]] and [[Prince Bernhard]] (The Hague, 1937) |
* the wedding of [[Queen Juliana|Princess Juliana]] and [[Prince Bernhard]] (The Hague, 1937) |
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* the baptism of [[Queen Beatrix]] (1938) |
* the baptism of [[Queen Beatrix|Princess Beatrix]] (1938) |
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* the [[Inauguration of the Dutch monarch|inauguration]] of [[Queen Juliana]](Amsterdam, 1948) |
* the [[Inauguration of the Dutch monarch|inauguration]] of [[Queen Juliana]] (Amsterdam, 1948) |
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* the wedding of |
* the [[wedding of Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus van Amsberg]] (Amsterdam, 1966) |
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* the wedding of |
* the [[wedding of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, and Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti]] (Amsterdam, 2002) |
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On Prinsjesdag in 2010 a man threw a tea light holder against the Golden Coach, causing minor scratches to the paintwork. Convicted of insulting the Queen, damaging the Golden Coach, and assaulting the coach's footmen, the man — who was found to be mentally incapable, excluding jail time — was sentenced to a year in a psychiatric clinic.<ref name=Nos>{{cite news |title=Geen cel voor gooier waxinehouder |date=16 Sep 2011 | |
At the wedding of Willem-Alexander and Máxima someone threw some white paint on the coach. He was immediately arrested, while the stuff was quickly wiped away by a footman. On Prinsjesdag in 2010 a man threw a tea light holder against the Golden Coach, causing minor scratches to the paintwork. Convicted of insulting the Queen, damaging the Golden Coach, and assaulting the coach's footmen, the man — who was found to be mentally incapable, excluding jail time — was sentenced to a year in a psychiatric clinic.<ref name=Nos>{{cite news |title=Geen cel voor gooier waxinehouder |date=16 Sep 2011 |access-date=25 Sep 2016 |work=Nos |url=http://nos.nl/artikel/273320-geen-cel-voor-gooier-waxinehouder.html}}</ref> |
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In September 2015, it was announced that the coach would undergo a major refit for the next three to four years and that the "[[Glass_Coach_(Dutch_royal_carriage)|Glass Coach]]" would be used where the Golden Coach would be normally used. |
In September 2015, it was announced that the coach would undergo a major refit for the next three to four years and that the "[[Glass_Coach_(Dutch_royal_carriage)|Glass Coach]]" would be used where the Golden Coach would be normally used.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dutch royals' golden coach set for refit |url=http://www.afp.com/en/news/dutch-royals-golden-coach-set-refit |access-date=17 Sep 2015 |agency=AFP |date=15 Sep 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916125324/http://www.afp.com/en/news/dutch-royals-golden-coach-set-refit |archive-date=2015-09-16 }}</ref> |
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In September 2022, following tests on a sample taken during the coach's restoration, it was confirmed that the gold used to line the coach came from [[Suriname]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gold in Golden Coach came from Suriname, experts conclude |url=https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2022/09/gold-in-gouden-koets-came-from-suriname-experts-conclude/ |website=dutchnews.nl |publisher=Dutch News BV |access-date=14 September 2022 |date=12 September 2022}}</ref> |
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==Controversy== |
==Controversy== |
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In 2011, MPs [[Harry van Bommel]] and [[Mariko Peters]] suggested removing the left panel, portraying ''Hulde der Koloniën'' (Tribute from the colonies). According to activists, the panel showed half-naked slaves making gestures of submission to the royal house. Historians, on the other hand, stated that the scene does not depict slaves or the royal family, nor is it a glorification of the colonies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/na-zwarte-piet-racistische-gouden-koets-in-opspraak~a0f181b0/|title=Na Zwarte Piet 'racistische' Gouden Koets in opspraak|work=AD|date=3 September 2015|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref> The panel shows the relations with the colonies at that point and, according to historian Susan Legêne of the [[Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam]], refers to the discussion about the [[Dutch Ethical Policy]] that focused on a moral vocation that the Netherlands should feel towards the people in the colonies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vpro.nl/programmas/ovt/speel~POMS_VPRO_197132~ovt-18-september-2011-slavernij-paneel-op-de-gouden-koets~.html|title=Slavernij paneel op de Gouden Koets|website=vpro.nl|date=18 September 2011|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref> |
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After the Golden Coach was renovated, it was displayed in a glass box on the courtyard of the [[Amsterdam Museum]] from June until November 2021. In six surrounding halls were expositions of the history of the Golden Coach. There was also a study room for debate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parool.nl/nederland/gouden-koets-keert-voorlopig-niet-terug-verstandig-besluit~b4999bde|title=Gouden Koets keert voorlopig niet terug: 'Verstandig besluit'|work=Het Parool|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref> |
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In 2020, the Golden Coach once again became a controversy following the protest of [[Black Lives Matter]] in the United States and several other countries around North America and Europe. The controversy was caused by the same thing, the left panel of the coach which shows the slavery in the Dutch colonies, made the whole world angry especially from former Dutch colony. Prime Minister [[Mark Rutte]] realized and in June 2020 said that the Golden Coach horse carriage was "provoking emotions" of world citizens, then he added, "That's all part of our history". The "Gouden Koets" horse-drawn carriage is being restored since 2015 and will be finished in 2021. |
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On 13 January 2022, King Willem-Alexander announced that he would not ride in the coach until all citizens feel they are equal and given fair opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch royal family to temporarily stop using Golden Coach, following criticism of colonial ties |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/dutch-royal-family-golden-carriage-colonialism-intl-scli/index.html |work=CNN |date=January 16, 2022 |first1=Sana Noor |last1=Haq |first2=Mick |last2=Krever}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Koninklijk Huis |title=Videoboodschap Koning over besluit gebruik Gouden Koets |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4X19a9ZZG64 |website=YouTube |access-date=13 January 2022 |language=Dutch |format=Video |date=13 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=NU.nl |title=Koning gaat niet met Gouden Koets rijden: 'Nederland is er niet klaar voor' |url=https://www.nu.nl/koningshuis/6178004/koning-gaat-niet-met-gouden-koets-rijden-nederland-is-er-niet-klaar-voor.html |website=NU.nl |access-date=13 January 2022 |language=Dutch |date=13 January 2022}}</ref> |
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King [[Willem-Alexander]] said there were no plans to change the decoration of the wooden chariots. "That is part of our cultural heritage, we will not rewrite history with restoration," said King Willem. "After the Gouden Koets restoration is finished, we will see what it looks like," he said. He also said that he will stop using this horse carriage in the future and retire it because of the controversy. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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* [https://www.goudenkoets.nl/en/ The Golden Coach website by the Amsterdam Museum] ([https://assets.amsterdammuseum.nl/downloads/Gouden-Koets-Brochure-EN.pdf brochure]) |
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{{Spyker}} |
{{Spyker}} |
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[[Category:Royal carriages]] |
[[Category:Royal carriages]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Monarchy of the Netherlands]] |
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[[Category:Spyker]] |
[[Category:Spyker]] |
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[[Category:1898 in transport]] |
[[Category:1898 in transport]] |
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[[Category:Vehicles of the Netherlands]] |
[[Category:Vehicles of the Netherlands]] |
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[[Category:Material culture of royal courts]] |
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[[Category:Coaches (carriage)]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:57, 6 November 2024
.jpg)
The Golden Coach (Dutch: Gouden Koets) is a coach owned and used by the Dutch royal family.[1] The Golden Coach was used every year to carry the Dutch monarch from the Noordeinde Palace to the Ridderzaal in order to deliver the Speech from the Throne or the wedding of the Prince of Orange or the Princess of Orange. The Golden Coach is stored at the Royal Stables on the Noordeinde Palace grounds in The Hague.
Composition
[edit]The coach is made of teak wood, much of which is covered in gold leaf. It is decorated with paintings by Nicolaas van der Waay and various symbolic ornaments.[2] The coach was built in Dutch Renaissance style. It is pulled by eight horses when the reigning monarch is being carried; only six horses when other members of the royal family are travelling in the coach. Queen Wilhelmina wanted to be able to stand upright in the coach, which explains the bent form of the coach's roof. This increased height of the coach has made it more difficult to drive.
History
[edit]Queen Wilhelmina received the Golden Coach at her 1898 investiture as a tribute from the citizens of Amsterdam. The coach was designed and built by the Spijker brothers. Because Queen Wilhelmina wished not to receive gifts on the day of her inauguration on September 6, 1898, she actually took receipt of the Golden Coach the following day.
The vehicle was first used on the occasion of the marriage of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Hendrik on February 7, 1901. Since 1903 it has mainly been used once a year, in The Hague, on the third Tuesday in September, Prinsjesdag, on the occasion of the Monarch's Address.[3] In 1974 however the coach was not used for security reasons, due to the French Embassy siege.[4]
Other occasions when the carriage has been used are:
- the wedding of Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard (The Hague, 1937)
- the baptism of Princess Beatrix (1938)
- the inauguration of Queen Juliana (Amsterdam, 1948)
- the wedding of Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus van Amsberg (Amsterdam, 1966)
- the wedding of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, and Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti (Amsterdam, 2002)
At the wedding of Willem-Alexander and Máxima someone threw some white paint on the coach. He was immediately arrested, while the stuff was quickly wiped away by a footman. On Prinsjesdag in 2010 a man threw a tea light holder against the Golden Coach, causing minor scratches to the paintwork. Convicted of insulting the Queen, damaging the Golden Coach, and assaulting the coach's footmen, the man — who was found to be mentally incapable, excluding jail time — was sentenced to a year in a psychiatric clinic.[5]
In September 2015, it was announced that the coach would undergo a major refit for the next three to four years and that the "Glass Coach" would be used where the Golden Coach would be normally used.[6]
In September 2022, following tests on a sample taken during the coach's restoration, it was confirmed that the gold used to line the coach came from Suriname.[7]
Controversy
[edit]In 2011, MPs Harry van Bommel and Mariko Peters suggested removing the left panel, portraying Hulde der Koloniën (Tribute from the colonies). According to activists, the panel showed half-naked slaves making gestures of submission to the royal house. Historians, on the other hand, stated that the scene does not depict slaves or the royal family, nor is it a glorification of the colonies.[8] The panel shows the relations with the colonies at that point and, according to historian Susan Legêne of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, refers to the discussion about the Dutch Ethical Policy that focused on a moral vocation that the Netherlands should feel towards the people in the colonies.[9]
After the Golden Coach was renovated, it was displayed in a glass box on the courtyard of the Amsterdam Museum from June until November 2021. In six surrounding halls were expositions of the history of the Golden Coach. There was also a study room for debate.[10]
On 13 January 2022, King Willem-Alexander announced that he would not ride in the coach until all citizens feel they are equal and given fair opportunities.[11][12][13]
References
[edit]- ^ Laparlière, Maurice (17 Sep 2010). "Dutch royal extravagance: the queen in the golden coach". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 17 Apr 2011.
- ^ "Royal Stables". The Hague & Partners.
- ^ "Route of the Golden Coach". Royal House of the Netherlands. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016.
- ^ "Leeuwarder courant: hoofdblad van Friesland", Delpher, September 19, 1974.
- ^ "Geen cel voor gooier waxinehouder". Nos. 16 Sep 2011. Retrieved 25 Sep 2016.
- ^ "Dutch royals' golden coach set for refit". AFP. 15 Sep 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-09-16. Retrieved 17 Sep 2015.
- ^ "Gold in Golden Coach came from Suriname, experts conclude". dutchnews.nl. Dutch News BV. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
- ^ "Na Zwarte Piet 'racistische' Gouden Koets in opspraak". AD. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ "Slavernij paneel op de Gouden Koets". vpro.nl. 18 September 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ "Gouden Koets keert voorlopig niet terug: 'Verstandig besluit'". Het Parool. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ Haq, Sana Noor; Krever, Mick (January 16, 2022). "Dutch royal family to temporarily stop using Golden Coach, following criticism of colonial ties". CNN.
- ^ Koninklijk Huis (13 January 2022). "Videoboodschap Koning over besluit gebruik Gouden Koets" (Video). YouTube (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- ^ NU.nl (13 January 2022). "Koning gaat niet met Gouden Koets rijden: 'Nederland is er niet klaar voor'". NU.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 January 2022.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gold Coach.