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{{copy edit|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| name = Franz Joseph von Schlik of Bassano and Weisskirchen
| name = Franz Joseph von Schlik of Bassano and Weisskirchen
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| unit =
| unit =
| commands =
| commands =
| battles = [[Battle of Budamér]] (1848)<br/>[[Battle of Kassa]] (1848)<br/>[[Battle of Szikszó]] (1848)<br/>[[Battle of Tarcal]] (1849)<br/>[[Battle of Bodrogkeresztúr]] (1849)<br/>[[Battle of Tokaj]] (1849)<br/>[[Battle of Kápolna]] (1849)<br/>Spring Campaign of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]<br/>[[Battle of Isaszeg (1849)|Battle of Isaszeg]] (1849)<br/>[[Battles of Komárom]] (1849)<br/>Summer Campaign of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848<br/>[[Battle of Győr]] (1849)<br/>[[Battle of Szőreg]] (1849)<br/>[[Battle of Solferino]] (1859)
| battles = {{list collapsed|title=''See list''|1=Battle of Budamér (1848)<br/>Battle of Kassa (1848)<br/>Battle of Szikszó (1848)<br/>Battle of Tarcal (1849)<br/>Battle of Bodrogkeresztúr (1849)<br/>Battle of Tokaj (1849)<br/>[[Battle of Kápolna]] (1849)<br/>Spring Campaign of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]<br/>[[Battle of Isaszeg (1849)|Battle of Isaszeg]] (1849)<br/>[[Second Battle of Komárom (1849)]]<br/>[[Third Battle of Komárom (1849)]]<br/>Summer Campaign of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848<br/>[[Battle of Győr]] (1849)<br/>[[Battle of Szőreg]] (1849)<br/>[[Battle of Solferino]] (1859)}}
| battles_label = Battles
| battles_label = Battles
| awards = [[File:Ordine imperiale della corona di ferro, austria.png|50px]] Austrian [[Order of the Iron Crown]] (1849)<br/>[[File:Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png|50px]] [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]] (1849)
| awards = [[File:Ordine imperiale della corona di ferro, austria.png|50px]] Austrian [[Order of the Iron Crown]] (1849)<br/>[[File:Ord.MariaTeresa-CAV.png|50px]] [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]] (1849)
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'''Franz Joseph von Schlik of Bassano and Weisskirchen''' ([[Prague]], 23&nbsp;
'''Franz Joseph von Schlik of Bassano and Weisskirchen''' ([[Prague]], 23&nbsp;
May 1789&nbsp;&ndash; [[Vienna]], 17&nbsp;March 1862) was an [[Earl]] and [[General officer|general]] in the [[Austrian Empire]]'s army. He was one of the most successful Austrian generals during the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]].
May 1789&nbsp;&ndash; [[Vienna]], 17&nbsp;March 1862) was a [[count]] and [[General officer|general]] in the [[Austrian Empire]]. He was one of the most successful Austrian generals during the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]].


== Early life ==
⚫
In 1808 he enrolled in the Emperor's army. He was engaged in the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. He lost the sight of his right eye in the [[Battle of Leipzig]] on 19 October 1813. In 1848, with the rank of [[Lieutenant general]], he was [[regent]] of [[Kraków]], [[Poland]].
Joseph was born as the son of Count Joseph Heinrich [[Schlick|Schlick of Bassano and Weisskirchen]] (1754–1807) and his wife, Countess Philippine Ludmilla of [[Nostitz family|Nostitz-Rieneck]] (d. 1844).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.geni.com/people/Graf-Franz-Anton-Heinrich-von-Schlik-zu-Bassano-und-Weisskirchen/6000000050823449977 | title=Graf Franz Anton Heinrich von Schlik zu Bassano und Weisskirchen }}</ref>


⚫
In 1808, he enrolled in the imperial army and fought in the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. He lost sight in his right eye in the [[Battle of Leipzig]] on 19 October 1813. In 1848, as a [[Lieutenant general]], he became [[regent]] of [[Kraków]] in [[Poland]].
⚫
==During the Hungarian Revolution==


⚫
==Hungarian Revolution==
⚫
In late 1848 Schlik led a legion of 8,000 men through the [[Dukla Pass]] into the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] before [[Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz]] started to attack [[Hungary]] in the Winter Campaign of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]. On 11 December Schlik defeated Sándor Pulszky in the Battle of Budamér and occupied [[Eperjes]] (now [[Prešov]], [[Slovakia]]) and ''Kassa'' (now [[Košice]], Slovakia).
⚫
[[File:Schlik kiáltvány 1848.12.10..jpg|thumb|left|upright=.6|Schlik's proclamation to the peoples of Hungary (in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] and [[Slovak language|Slovak]])]]
⚫
In late 1848, Schlik led a legion of 8,000 men through the [[Dukla Pass]] into the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] before [[Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz]] started to attack [[Hungary]] in the Winter Campaign of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]. On 11 December Schlik defeated Sándor Pulszky in the Battle of Budamér and occupied [[Eperjes]] (now [[Prešov]], [[Slovakia]]) and ''Kassa'' (now [[Košice]], Slovakia).


His victories alarmed the Hungarian Military Commission and they recruited approximately 10,000 men around [[Miskolc]], under [[Lázár Mészáros]]'s command, but Schlik defeated him on 28 December 1848 in the [[Battle of Szikszó]] and on 4 January 1849 in ''Kassa''.
His victories were a warning to the Hungarian Military Commission who recruited approximately 10,000 men around [[Miskolc]] under [[Lázár Mészáros]]'s command, but Schlik defeated him on 28 December 1848 in the [[Battle of Szikszó]] and on 4 January 1849 in ''Kassa''.


[[File:Franz Schlik.JPG|thumb|150 px|left|Franz Schlik with an eyepatch]]
[[File:Franz Schlik.JPG|thumb|150px|Franz Schlik with an eyepatch]]


After this Schlik waited two weeks to resume the attack. Meanwhile, [[György Klapka]] reorganized the Upper [[Tisza]] legion and because of this the Hungarians won the [[Battle of Tarcal]] on 22 January and the ''Battle of Bodrogkeresztúr'' on 23 January. In the [[Battle of Tokaj]] Schlik and Windish-Grätz attacked Klapka's positions on 31 January, but they lost again.
Schlik waited two weeks before resuming the attack. By this time, [[György Klapka]] had reorganized the Upper [[Tisza]] legion and because of this, the Hungarians won the [[Battle of Tarcal]] on January 22 and the Battle of Bodrogkeresztúr the next day. On January 31 in the [[Battle of Tokaj]] Schlik and Windish-Grätz attacked Klapka's positions, losing again.


[[Richard Guyon]]'s victory in the Battle of Branyiszkó created the possibility that Schlik would be surrounded, but [[Henryk Dembiński]] wouldn't change his plans Schlik escaped and joined up with Windish-Grätz. Because of their joining forces they won the [[Battle of Kápolna]] on 26&nbsp;&ndash; 27 February.
[[Richard Guyon]]'s victory in the Battle of Branyiszkó created the possibility that Schlik would be surrounded, but [[Henryk Dembiński]] would not change his plans. Schlik's forces escaped and joined Windish-Grätz. The combined force won the [[Battle of Kápolna]] on 26&ndash;27 February.


Schlik took part in the Spring Campaign as the leader of the 3rd legion. He lost the battle against András Gáspár, the leader of the 7th Hungarian legion in the Battle of Hatvan on 2 April. He took part in the [[Battle of Isaszeg (1849)|Battle of Isaszeg]] on 6 April and on 26 April in the [[First Battle of Komárom]] and later he retreated in the direction of the River [[Rába]].
Schlik took part in the Spring Campaign as the leader of the 3rd legion. He lost the battle against András Gáspár, the leader of the 7th Hungarian legion in the [[Battle of Hatvan]] on 2 April. He took part in the [[Battle of Isaszeg (1849)|Battle of Isaszeg]] on 6 April and on 26 April in the [[First Battle of Komárom (1849)|First Battle of Komárom]] and later retreated in the direction of the River [[Rába]].


In the Summer Campaign he took part as a leader of the 1st legion and so was in command at the Battle of Győr on 28 June and the July [[Battles of Komárom]]. [[Julius Jacob von Haynau]] moved the ''Austrian'' legions in three parallel lines against the Hungarians at [[Szeged]]. Schlik was the leader of the line which was advancing towards [[Makó]] and he fought to cross the River [[Maros]] on 5 August. Haynau ordered Schlik that after the [[Battle of Szőreg]] he was to continue the advance to the Castle of [[Arad, Romania|Arad]], where [[János Damjanich]] was based, but the castle had been retaken by another Austrian legion so he did not occupy it.
In the Summer Campaign he took part as a leader of the 1st legion and so was in command at the Battle of Győr on 28 June and the [[Second Battle of Komárom (1849)|Second]] and [[Third Battle of Komárom (1849)|Third Battles of Komárom]] in July. [[Julius Jacob von Haynau]] moved the Austrian legions in three parallel lines against the Hungarians at [[Szeged]]. Schlik was the leader of the line that was advancing towards [[Makó]] and fought to cross the River [[Maros]] on 5 August.


In September 1849 Schlik was promoted to cavalry general and he received the [[Order of the Iron Crown]] and the [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]] for his victories.
==After the Hungarian Revolution==

⚫
In September 1849 Schlik was promoted to cavalry general and he received the [[Order of the Iron Crown]] and the [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]] for his victories during the Hungarian Revolution. From 1854 he was [[Galicia (eastern Europe)|Galicia]] and [[Bukovina]]'s major general and was the commander of the 4th legion against the [[Russian Empire]]. On 24 June 1859 he was the command of the 2nd Italian army in the [[Battle of Solferino]]. After the [[Treaty of Villafranca]] he resigned his commission.
== Aftermath ==
⚫
From 1854 he was [[Galicia (eastern Europe)|Galicia]] and [[Bukovina]] commanding general. On 24 June 1859 he was made the commander of the 2nd Austrian army, which he led in the [[Battle of Solferino]]. After the [[Treaty of Villafranca]] he resigned his commission.

== Personal life ==
He was married to Countess Sophie von und zu [[Eltz|Eltz genannt Faust von Stromberg]] (1796-1821). They had one son and two daughters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.geni.com/people/Gr%C3%A4fin-Edle-Herrin-Sophie-von-und-zu-Eltz-gen-Faust-von-Stromberg/6000000050822950232 | title=Gräfin & Edle Herrin Sophie von und zu Eltz gen. Faust von Stromberg }}</ref>

== Honours ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flag|Austrian Empire}}:<ref name="Handbuch1860">{{citation|chapter-url=https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1860&size=45&page=250|chapter=K.K. Generalität|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des österreichischen Kaiserthumes|date=1860|access-date=23 July 2020|page=195}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Iron Crown (Austria)|Knight of the Iron Crown]], 1st Class, ''1849''
** Commander of the [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]], ''1849''
** [[Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Cross]]
* {{flag|Russian Empire}}:<ref name="Handbuch1860"/>
** [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]], in Diamonds
** [[Order of St. Vladimir|Knight of St. Vladimir]], 1st Class
** [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Knight of the White Eagle]]
** [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 1st Class in Diamonds
** [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Knight of St. Stanislaus]], 1st Class
* {{flag|Kingdom of Hanover}}: Grand Cross of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]]<ref name="Handbuch1860"/>
* {{flag|Württemberg}}: [[Order of the Crown (Württemberg)|Commander of the Württemberg Crown]]<ref name="Handbuch1860"/>
⚫
}}


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
{{no footnotes|date=December 2009}}
{{no footnotes|date=December 2009}}
⚫
[[File:Schlik kiáltvány 1848.12.10..jpg|thumb|150px|Schlik's proclamation to the Hungarians]]
* {{citation|title=Magyarország hadtörténete két kötetben ''("Military History of Hungary in Two Volumes")''|editor=Liptai, Ervin|publisher=Zrínyi Katonai ("Zrinyi Military")|year=1985|isbn=963-326-337-9|language=Hungarian}}
* {{citation|title=Magyarország hadtörténete két kötetben ''("Military History of Hungary in Two Volumes")''|editor=Liptai, Ervin|publisher=Zrínyi Katonai ("Zrinyi Military")|year=1985|isbn=963-326-337-9|language=Hungarian}}
* {{citation|last=Hermann|first=Róbert|title= Az 1848–1849-es szabadságharc nagy csatái ''("Great Battles of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49")''|publisher=Zrínyi|year=2004|isbn=963-327-367-6|language=Hungarian}}
* {{citation|last=Hermann|first=Róbert|title= Az 1848–1849-es szabadságharc nagy csatái ''("Great Battles of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49")''|publisher=Zrínyi|year=2004|isbn=963-327-367-6|language=Hungarian}}
* [[:hu:Révai Nagy Lexikona]] ("Revai's Hungarian Encyclopaedia")
* [[:hu:Révai Nagy Lexikona]] ("Revai's Hungarian Encyclopaedia")

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Hungarian Revolution of 1848}}
{{Hungarian Revolution of 1848}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Schlik, Franz
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Bohemian noble
| DATE OF BIRTH =23 May 1789
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Prague]]
| DATE OF DEATH =17 March 1862
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Vienna]]
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schlik, Franz}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schlik, Franz}}
[[Category:1789 births]]
[[Category:1789 births]]
[[Category:1862 deaths]]
[[Category:1862 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Austrian people]]
[[Category:People from the Austrian Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century Czech people]]
[[Category:Nobility from Prague]]
[[Category:Austrian soldiers]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Prague]]
[[Category:Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class]]
[[Category:Military Order of Maria Theresa recipients]]
[[Category:Commanders Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa]]
[[Category:Bohemian nobility]]
[[Category:German Bohemian people]]
[[Category:People from Prague]]

Latest revision as of 20:47, 6 November 2024

Franz Joseph von Schlik of Bassano and Weisskirchen
Lithograph by Josef Kriehuber, 1849
Born(1789-05-23)23 May 1789
Prague
Died17 March 1862(1862-03-17) (aged 72)
Vienna
Allegiance Austrian Empire
Service / branchArmy (Cavalry)
RankGeneral
Battles
See list
Awards Austrian Order of the Iron Crown (1849)
Military Order of Maria Theresa (1849)

Franz Joseph von Schlik of Bassano and Weisskirchen (Prague, 23  May 1789 – Vienna, 17 March 1862) was a count and general in the Austrian Empire. He was one of the most successful Austrian generals during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

Early life

[edit]

Joseph was born as the son of Count Joseph Heinrich Schlick of Bassano and Weisskirchen (1754–1807) and his wife, Countess Philippine Ludmilla of Nostitz-Rieneck (d. 1844).[1]

In 1808, he enrolled in the imperial army and fought in the Napoleonic Wars. He lost sight in his right eye in the Battle of Leipzig on 19 October 1813. In 1848, as a Lieutenant general, he became regent of Kraków in Poland.

Hungarian Revolution

[edit]
Schlik's proclamation to the peoples of Hungary (in Hungarian and Slovak)

In late 1848, Schlik led a legion of 8,000 men through the Dukla Pass into the Kingdom of Hungary before Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz started to attack Hungary in the Winter Campaign of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. On 11 December Schlik defeated Sándor Pulszky in the Battle of Budamér and occupied Eperjes (now Prešov, Slovakia) and Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia).

His victories were a warning to the Hungarian Military Commission who recruited approximately 10,000 men around Miskolc under Lázár Mészáros's command, but Schlik defeated him on 28 December 1848 in the Battle of Szikszó and on 4 January 1849 in Kassa.

Franz Schlik with an eyepatch

Schlik waited two weeks before resuming the attack. By this time, György Klapka had reorganized the Upper Tisza legion and because of this, the Hungarians won the Battle of Tarcal on January 22 and the Battle of Bodrogkeresztúr the next day. On January 31 in the Battle of Tokaj Schlik and Windish-Grätz attacked Klapka's positions, losing again.

Richard Guyon's victory in the Battle of Branyiszkó created the possibility that Schlik would be surrounded, but Henryk Dembiński would not change his plans. Schlik's forces escaped and joined Windish-Grätz. The combined force won the Battle of Kápolna on 26–27 February.

Schlik took part in the Spring Campaign as the leader of the 3rd legion. He lost the battle against András Gáspár, the leader of the 7th Hungarian legion in the Battle of Hatvan on 2 April. He took part in the Battle of Isaszeg on 6 April and on 26 April in the First Battle of Komárom and later retreated in the direction of the River Rába.

In the Summer Campaign he took part as a leader of the 1st legion and so was in command at the Battle of Győr on 28 June and the Second and Third Battles of Komárom in July. Julius Jacob von Haynau moved the Austrian legions in three parallel lines against the Hungarians at Szeged. Schlik was the leader of the line that was advancing towards Makó and fought to cross the River Maros on 5 August.

In September 1849 Schlik was promoted to cavalry general and he received the Order of the Iron Crown and the Military Order of Maria Theresa for his victories.

Aftermath

[edit]

From 1854 he was Galicia and Bukovina commanding general. On 24 June 1859 he was made the commander of the 2nd Austrian army, which he led in the Battle of Solferino. After the Treaty of Villafranca he resigned his commission.

Personal life

[edit]

He was married to Countess Sophie von und zu Eltz genannt Faust von Stromberg (1796-1821). They had one son and two daughters.[2]

Honours

[edit]

Sources

[edit]
  • Liptai, Ervin, ed. (1985), Magyarország hadtörténete két kötetben ("Military History of Hungary in Two Volumes") (in Hungarian), Zrínyi Katonai ("Zrinyi Military"), ISBN 963-326-337-9
  • Hermann, Róbert (2004), Az 1848–1849-es szabadságharc nagy csatái ("Great Battles of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49") (in Hungarian), Zrínyi, ISBN 963-327-367-6
  • hu:Révai Nagy Lexikona ("Revai's Hungarian Encyclopaedia")

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Graf Franz Anton Heinrich von Schlik zu Bassano und Weisskirchen".
  2. ^ "Gräfin & Edle Herrin Sophie von und zu Eltz gen. Faust von Stromberg".
  3. ^ a b c d "K.K. Generalität", Hof- und Staatshandbuch des österreichischen Kaiserthumes, 1860, p. 195, retrieved 23 July 2020
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