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'''Franjo Malgaj''' (November 10, 1894 – May 6, 1919) was a [[Slovenia]]n soldier, military leader and poet. He was an officer of the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]]. After the dissolution of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] after [[World War I]], he became one of the commanding officers in the [[Slovenes|Slovene]] volunteer army under [[Rudolf Maister]]'s command that fought against [[German Austria]]n units during the [[Austrian-Slovene clashes in Carinthia|struggle for the northern Slovenian borderlands]]. He later became an officer in the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes|Army of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]. He died during the Austrian-Yugoslav struggles in 1919. He is considered a Slovenian [[Folk hero|national hero]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Predstavitev nove knjige - Franjo Malgaj, VOJNI SPOMINI 1914-1919 | |
'''Franjo Malgaj''' (November 10, 1894 – May 6, 1919) was a [[Slovenia]]n soldier, military leader and poet. He was an officer of the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]]. After the dissolution of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] after [[World War I]], he became one of the commanding officers in the [[Slovenes|Slovene]] volunteer army under [[Rudolf Maister]]'s command that fought against [[German Austria]]n units during the [[Austrian-Slovene clashes in Carinthia|struggle for the northern Slovenian borderlands]]. He later became an officer in the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes|Army of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]. He died during the Austrian-Yugoslav struggles in 1919. He is considered a Slovenian [[Folk hero|national hero]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Predstavitev nove knjige - Franjo Malgaj, VOJNI SPOMINI 1914-1919 |language=sl |trans-title=Book unveiling - Franjo Malgaj, WAR MEMORIES 1914-1919 |first= Marijan F. |last=Kranjc |work=Napovednik |date=15 May 2009 |url=http://www.napovednik.com/dogodek104310_predstavitev_nove_knjige_franjo_malgaj_vojni |access-date=13 March 2011}}</ref> |
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== Education and military career == |
== Education and military career == |
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He was born in [[Hruševec, Šentjur|Hruševec]] near the [[Lower Styria]]n town of [[Šentjur]], in what was then the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] (now in [[Slovenia]]). After finishing the elementary school in the nearby [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]]n town of [[Celje]], he enrolled |
He was born in [[Hruševec, Šentjur|Hruševec]] near the [[Lower Styria]]n town of [[Šentjur]], in what was then the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] (now in [[Slovenia]]). After finishing the elementary school in the nearby [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]]n town of [[Celje]], he enrolled in the [[Celje First Grammar School]]. He later studied in the [[Carniola]]n town of [[Kranj]] and in [[Pazin]] ([[Istria]]). |
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After graduating from the school for infantry reserve officers in [[Graz]], he participated in the [[Italian Campaign (World War I)|Italian campaign]] during [[World War I]]. He participated in the [[First Battle of the Isonzo|first]] and [[Second Battle of the Isonzo|second]] [[battles of the Isonzo]], where he contracted [[Typhoid fever]]. After recovering, he was transferred to the [[County of Tyrol|Tyrolean]] sector of the front. For his bold attacks on the Italian stronghold on [[Monte Zebio]] he received the Golden Medal and transferred to the 87th Infantry regiment in Celje. In October 1918, he started to study law at the [[University of Graz]]. |
After graduating from the school for infantry reserve officers in [[Graz]], he participated in the [[Italian Campaign (World War I)|Italian campaign]] during [[World War I]]. He participated in the [[First Battle of the Isonzo|first]] and [[Second Battle of the Isonzo|second]] [[battles of the Isonzo]], where he contracted [[Typhoid fever]]. After recovering, he was transferred to the [[County of Tyrol|Tyrolean]] sector of the front. For his bold attacks on the Italian stronghold on [[Monte Zebio]] he received the Golden Medal and transferred to the 87th Infantry regiment in Celje. In October 1918, he started to study law at the [[University of Graz]]. |
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== Slovenian military leader== |
== Slovenian military leader== |
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After the dissolution of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] and the establishment of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] in late October 1918, he joined the Slovene volunteer army established by [[Rudolf Maister]]. This army, known as "Maister's fighters" ({{ |
After the dissolution of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] and the establishment of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] in late October 1918, he joined the Slovene volunteer army established by [[Rudolf Maister]]. This army, known as "Maister's fighters" ({{langx|sl|Maistrovi borci}}), seized the [[Slovenes|Slovene]]-inhabited territories in [[Lower Styria]], and fought against the forces of the [[German Austria]] for the border areas in [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]] and [[Carinthia (duchy)|Carinthia]]. |
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In early November, Malgaj gathered a group of Slovene volunteers around Celje and marched into southeast Carinthia (in what is now known as [[Slovenian Carinthia]]). Together with General Maister and a company of volunteers composed of soldiers of the Army of the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] that were retreating from imprisonment in Austria, he reached [[Lavamünd]] and captured the [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthian]] town of [[Völkermarkt]] ({{ |
In early November, Malgaj gathered a group of Slovene volunteers around Celje and marched into southeast Carinthia (in what is now known as [[Slovenian Carinthia]]). Together with General Maister and a company of volunteers composed of soldiers of the Army of the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] that were retreating from imprisonment in Austria, he reached [[Lavamünd]] and captured the [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthian]] town of [[Völkermarkt]] ({{langx|sl|Velikovec}}) in late November 1918. |
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== Death == |
== Death == |
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Accounts vary regarding his death. He either committed [[suicide]] on May 6, 1919 at [[Tolsti Vrh, Dravograd|Tolsti Vrh]] near [[Dravograd]] in [[Slovenian Carinthia|Carinthia]] after being surrounded by Austrian soldiers, or he died after he accidentally activated a hand grenade attached to his belt. Unconfirmed rumors suggest he was shot by a group of soldiers from [[Serbia]] with whom he was allegedly in conflict.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tisto čudno ime iz križank | |
Accounts vary regarding his death. He either committed [[suicide]] on May 6, 1919, at [[Tolsti Vrh, Dravograd|Tolsti Vrh]] near [[Dravograd]] in [[Slovenian Carinthia|Carinthia]] after being surrounded by Austrian soldiers, or he died after he accidentally activated a hand grenade attached to his belt. Unconfirmed rumors suggest he was shot by a group of soldiers from [[Serbia]] with whom he was allegedly in conflict.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tisto čudno ime iz križank |language=sl |trans-title=That weird name from crossword puzzles |last=Turk |first=Juš |newspaper=[[Dnevnik (Slovenia)|Dnevnik]] |date=21 September 2001 |url=http://www.dnevnik.si/tiskane_izdaje/hopla/9696 |access-date=11 March 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014092659/http://www.dnevnik.si/tiskane_izdaje/hopla/9696 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |quote= (translated) According to Bibiana, when the Serbs penetrated towards Velikovcu with their unit after the end of the First World War in Carinthia, they shot him in the back due to a dispute.}}</ref> |
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He was buried in the Carinthian town of [[Guštanj]] (now Ravne na Koroškem). |
He was buried in the Carinthian town of [[Guštanj]] (now Ravne na Koroškem). |
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== Legacy == |
== Legacy == |
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On 90th anniversary of Malgaj's death, his memoirs from 1914 to 1919 were published. A primary school in [[Šentjur]] was named after him.<ref>{{cite web |title=OŠ Franja Malgaja Šentjur | |
On the 90th anniversary of Malgaj's death, his memoirs from 1914 to 1919 were published. A primary school in [[Šentjur]] was named after him.<ref>{{cite web |title=OŠ Franja Malgaja Šentjur |language=sl |trans-title=Franjo Malgaj Šentjur School |url=http://fmalgaja.si/ |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref> Malgaj is well known in [[Slovenia]] because he led the group of Maister's soldiers that captured [[Meža]] and the Meža Valley for Slovenia after the [[First World War]]. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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[[Category:1919 deaths]] |
[[Category:1919 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Slovenian military personnel]] |
[[Category:Slovenian military personnel]] |
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[[Category:Slovenian poets]] |
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[[Category:Slovenian male poets]] |
[[Category:Slovenian male poets]] |
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[[Category:Writers from Celje]] |
[[Category:Writers from Celje]] |
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[[Category:Slovenian soldiers]] |
[[Category:Slovenian soldiers]] |
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[[Category:Slovene Austro-Hungarians]] |
[[Category:Slovene Austro-Hungarians]] |
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[[Category:20th-century poets]] |
[[Category:20th-century Slovenian poets]] |
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[[Category:People from the Municipality of Šentjur]] |
[[Category:People from the Municipality of Šentjur]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:39, 6 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2013) |
Franjo Malgaj | |
|---|---|
 Franjo Malgaj in 1918 or 1919 wearing a Kingdom of SHS uniform | |
| Born | November 10, 1894 Hruševec, Šentjur, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Slovenia) |
| Died | May 6, 1919 (aged 24) Tolsti Vrh near Dravograd in Carinthia |
| Allegiance |  Austria-Hungary Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |
| Unit | 87th Infantry regiment (Austria-Hungary) "Maister's fighters" |
| Battles / wars | World War I Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia |
Franjo Malgaj (November 10, 1894 – May 6, 1919) was a Slovenian soldier, military leader and poet. He was an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I, he became one of the commanding officers in the Slovene volunteer army under Rudolf Maister's command that fought against German Austrian units during the struggle for the northern Slovenian borderlands. He later became an officer in the Army of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He died during the Austrian-Yugoslav struggles in 1919. He is considered a Slovenian national hero.[1]
Education and military career
[edit]He was born in Hruševec near the Lower Styrian town of Šentjur, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now in Slovenia). After finishing the elementary school in the nearby Styrian town of Celje, he enrolled in the Celje First Grammar School. He later studied in the Carniolan town of Kranj and in Pazin (Istria).
After graduating from the school for infantry reserve officers in Graz, he participated in the Italian campaign during World War I. He participated in the first and second battles of the Isonzo, where he contracted Typhoid fever. After recovering, he was transferred to the Tyrolean sector of the front. For his bold attacks on the Italian stronghold on Monte Zebio he received the Golden Medal and transferred to the 87th Infantry regiment in Celje. In October 1918, he started to study law at the University of Graz.
Slovenian military leader
[edit]After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the establishment of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs in late October 1918, he joined the Slovene volunteer army established by Rudolf Maister. This army, known as "Maister's fighters" (Slovene: Maistrovi borci), seized the Slovene-inhabited territories in Lower Styria, and fought against the forces of the German Austria for the border areas in Styria and Carinthia.
In early November, Malgaj gathered a group of Slovene volunteers around Celje and marched into southeast Carinthia (in what is now known as Slovenian Carinthia). Together with General Maister and a company of volunteers composed of soldiers of the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia that were retreating from imprisonment in Austria, he reached Lavamünd and captured the Carinthian town of Völkermarkt (Slovene: Velikovec) in late November 1918.
Death
[edit]Accounts vary regarding his death. He either committed suicide on May 6, 1919, at Tolsti Vrh near Dravograd in Carinthia after being surrounded by Austrian soldiers, or he died after he accidentally activated a hand grenade attached to his belt. Unconfirmed rumors suggest he was shot by a group of soldiers from Serbia with whom he was allegedly in conflict.[2]
He was buried in the Carinthian town of Guštanj (now Ravne na Koroškem).
Legacy
[edit]On the 90th anniversary of Malgaj's death, his memoirs from 1914 to 1919 were published. A primary school in Šentjur was named after him.[3] Malgaj is well known in Slovenia because he led the group of Maister's soldiers that captured Meža and the Meža Valley for Slovenia after the First World War.
References
[edit]- ^ Kranjc, Marijan F. (15 May 2009). "Predstavitev nove knjige - Franjo Malgaj, VOJNI SPOMINI 1914-1919" [Book unveiling - Franjo Malgaj, WAR MEMORIES 1914-1919]. Napovednik (in Slovenian). Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ Turk, Juš (21 September 2001). "Tisto čudno ime iz križank" [That weird name from crossword puzzles]. Dnevnik (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
(translated) According to Bibiana, when the Serbs penetrated towards Velikovcu with their unit after the end of the First World War in Carinthia, they shot him in the back due to a dispute.
- ^ "OŠ Franja Malgaja Šentjur" [Franjo Malgaj Šentjur School] (in Slovenian). Retrieved 7 January 2021.
External links
[edit]- Text about Franjo Malgaj on web site of RTV Slovenia
- Text about Franjo Malgaj on Tu-je.si web site
- Text about publishing Franjo Malgaj's memoirs from period 1914—1919
- Text about Franjo Malgaj published on web site of Šentjur pri Celju
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