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{{Short description|Indian Twelver Shia Muslim scholar (1800–1869)}}
⚫
'''Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi''' (died 1869), a [[Twelver]] [[Shia]] [[Muslim]] scholar. He was paternal grandfather [[Supreme Leader]] of the [[Iranian Revolution]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini]].
{{For|the Jordanian Paralympic athlete|Ahmad Hindi (athlete)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific-prefix = [[Sayyid]]
| website =
| parents = Din Ali Shah (father)
| children = Mostafa
| predecessor =
| location =
| successor =
| period =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| jurisprudence = [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam]]
| background = #ABE9CC
| native_name = {{lang|ar|سيد احمد موسوى هندى}}
| main_interests =
| region =
| resting_place =
| death_place = [[Khomeyn]], [[Qajar Iran]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|1869|1800}}
| birth_place = [[Kintoor]], ''[[Subah]]'' of [[Oudh State|Awadh]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br>(present-day [[Barabanki district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| birth_date = 1800
| name = Ahmad Musavi Hindi
| caption =
| image =
| relatives =
| other_name =
}}
⚫
[[Sayyid|Syed]] '''Ahmad Musavi Hindi''' ({{Langx|fa|{{nq|احمد موسوی هندی}}}}; 1800–1869) was a [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] cleric. He was the paternal grandfather of the [[supreme leader]] of the Islamic republic of [[Iran]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini]].


== Biography ==
In the early 18th century his family had migrated from their original home in [[Nishapur]] in [[Iran]] to the [[Awadh|Kingdom of Oudh]] of [[India]] whose [[Nawabs of Awadh|rulers]] were [[Twelver]] [[Shia]] [[Muslims]]; they settled in the town of [[Kintoor]], [[Barabanki]].<ref name="Iranian">[http://www.iranian.com/Books/1999/June/Khomeini/index.html From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah''], June 14, 1999, The Iranian</ref><ref name="Moin1999">[http://books.google.com/books?id=B-ihPNR4iaoC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=gA204zovZh&sig=U-hfoPBFyUW2eRJTMfTjSH7FsC8&hl=en&ei=w9Q6TKikEYP6lwfw79XVBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999] By Baqer Moin</ref>
<ref name="Hamid">Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar</ref>


===India===
He was born in Kintoor and was a contemporary and relative of the famous scholar [[Ayatollah]] [[Syed Mir Hamid Hussain Musavi]] [[Kintoor]]i.<ref name="Iranian" /><ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Columbia">[http://books.google.com/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=Sp3QTqX2Id&sig=jPhXf-pkhPqgHuRiYOrbHtEwQNE&hl=en&ei=ZdA6TLPRN4KClAeS-L3SBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CCkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism] By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir</ref>
His family migrated towards the end of the 18th century from [[Nishapur]] in [[Iran]] to [[Oudh]] in northern [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Algar|first1=Hamid|authorlink1=Hamid Algar|editor1-last=Koya|editor1-first=Abdar Rahman|title=Imam Khomeini: Life, Thought and Legacy|date=2010|publisher=Islamic Book Trust|isbn=978-9675062254|page=19|chapter=A short biography}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ntarP5hrza0C&dq=awadh+persian&pg=PA8 Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam] By Juan Ricardo Cole</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7BaVwfpWZgUC&dq=awadh+origin&pg=RA2-PA17 Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation] By Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib</ref> They settled in the town of [[Kintoor]], [[Barabanki district]].<ref name="Iranian">[http://www.iranian.com/Books/1999/June/Khomeini/index.html From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah''], 14 June 1999, The Iranian</ref><ref name="Moin1999">[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-ihPNR4iaoC&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&pg=PA2 Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999] By Baqer Moin</ref><ref name="Hamid">Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar</ref> Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musavi, who was progenitor of [[Sayyid|''Syeds'']] of Kintoor, was great-great-grandfather of Syed Ahmad.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6JrL2GdwkVsC&dq=Sayyids+in+Awadh&pg=PA284 Islam, Politics, and Social Movements] By Edmund Burke, III, Ervand Abrahamian</ref> He was born in [[Kintoor]].<ref name="Iranian" /><ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Columbia">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&pg=PA199 The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism] By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir</ref>


===Iraq===
In about 1830 he left [[Lucknow]] for to the tomb of [[Imam Ali]] in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]] for pilgrimage and to study at one of its famous seminaries; he never returned back to India.<ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" /> According to Moin this movement was to escape colonial rule of [[British Raj]] in India.<ref name="moin18">{{harvnb|Moin|2000|p=18}}</ref> He visited Iran in 1834 and settled down in [[Khomein]] where in 1839 he purchased the large house and garden spanning 4,000-square-meter and costing very large sum of 100 tomans.<ref name="Iranian" /> He later purchased more land in and around Khomein including an orchard and caravanserai, these properties remained in the family upto modern times.<ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" />
In about 1830 he permanently left India, initially on a pilgrimage to the tomb of [[Ali]] in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]].<ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" /> According to Moin, this movement was to escape colonial rule.<ref name="moin18">{{cite book |last = Moin |first = Baqer |title = Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn = 0-312-26490-9 |year=2000|url = https://archive.org/details/khomeinilifeofay00moin |page=18}}</ref>


===Iran===
Till 1841 he had married three wives Shirin Khanum, Bibi Khanum and Sakineh (his friend Yusuf Khan Kamareh'i's sister), all from Khomein. He had only one child from his first two wives, but had three daughters and a son Mostafa (Father of Ruhollah Khomeini), who was born in 1856 from Sakineh.<ref name="Iranian" />
He visited Iran in 1834 and bought a house in [[Khomeyn]].<ref name="Iranian" /> He later purchased more land in and around Khomeyn, including an orchard and [[caravanserai]]. These properties remained in the family up to modern times.<ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" />


He died in 1869 and, as he had instructed in his will, the family took his body by mule to the holy city of [[Karbala]] for burial.<ref name="Iranian" />
By 1841 he had married three wives: Shirin Khanum, Bibi Khanum, and Sakineh (his friend Yusuf Khan Kamareh'i's sister), all from Khomeyn. He had five children, including a son named Mostafa (father of [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]), who was born in 1856 from Sakineh.<ref name="Iranian" />


==Death==
⚫
Although he stayed back and settled in [[Iran]], he continued to be known as ''Hindi'', even Ruhollah Khomeini used ''Hindi'' as pen name in some of his ghazals.<ref name="Hamid" /> Also, Ruhollah's brother was known by name Nureddin ''Hindi''.<ref name="Moin1999" />
He died in 1869 and was buried in [[Karbala]].<ref name="Iranian" />

==The Hindi ''nisba'' (title)==
⚫
He continued to be known by the ''nisba'' (title) ''Hindi'' (i.e. from [[Al-Hind|Hind]] or India), indicating his stay there. Even [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] used ''Hindi'' as a pen name in some of his [[ghazal]]s.<ref name="Hamid" /> Ruhollah Khomeini's brother was known by name Nureddin ''Hindi''.<ref name="Moin1999" />


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>


{{Ruhollah Khomeini}}


[[Category:Afghan Muslims]]
[[Category:1869 deaths]]
[[Category:Iranian Shia clerics]]
[[Category:Iranian Shia scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:People from Nishapur]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Iranian expatriates in India]]
[[Category:People from Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ruhollah Khomeini]]
[[Category:Scholars from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Musawis]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Indian people of Iranian descent]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Shia clerics]]
[[Category:1800 births]]

Latest revision as of 00:13, 7 November 2024

For the Jordanian Paralympic athlete, see Ahmad Hindi (athlete).

Sayyid
Ahmad Musavi Hindi
سيد احمد موسوى هندى
Personal life
Born1800
Kintoor, Subah of Awadh, Mughal Empire
(present-day Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India)
Died1869 (aged 68–69)
Khomeyn, Qajar Iran
ChildrenMostafa
ParentDin Ali Shah (father)
Religious life
ReligionIslam
JurisprudenceTwelver Shia Islam

Syed Ahmad Musavi Hindi (Persian: احمد موسوی هندی; 1800–1869) was a Twelver Shia cleric. He was the paternal grandfather of the supreme leader of the Islamic republic of Iran, Ruhollah Khomeini.

Biography

[edit]

India

[edit]

His family migrated towards the end of the 18th century from Nishapur in Iran to Oudh in northern India.[1][2][3] They settled in the town of Kintoor, Barabanki district.[4][5][6] Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musavi, who was progenitor of Syeds of Kintoor, was great-great-grandfather of Syed Ahmad.[7] He was born in Kintoor.[4][5][8]

Iraq

[edit]

In about 1830 he permanently left India, initially on a pilgrimage to the tomb of Ali in Najaf, Iraq.[5][6][8] According to Moin, this movement was to escape colonial rule.[9]

Iran

[edit]

He visited Iran in 1834 and bought a house in Khomeyn.[4] He later purchased more land in and around Khomeyn, including an orchard and caravanserai. These properties remained in the family up to modern times.[6][8]

By 1841 he had married three wives: Shirin Khanum, Bibi Khanum, and Sakineh (his friend Yusuf Khan Kamareh'i's sister), all from Khomeyn. He had five children, including a son named Mostafa (father of Ruhollah Khomeini), who was born in 1856 from Sakineh.[4]

Death

[edit]

He died in 1869 and was buried in Karbala.[4]

The Hindi nisba (title)

[edit]

He continued to be known by the nisba (title) Hindi (i.e. from Hind or India), indicating his stay there. Even Ruhollah Khomeini used Hindi as a pen name in some of his ghazals.[6] Ruhollah Khomeini's brother was known by name Nureddin Hindi.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Algar, Hamid (2010). "A short biography". In Koya, Abdar Rahman (ed.). Imam Khomeini: Life, Thought and Legacy. Islamic Book Trust. p. 19. ISBN 978-9675062254.
  2. ^ Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam By Juan Ricardo Cole
  3. ^ Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation By Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib
  4. ^ a b c d e From Khomein, A biography of the Ayatollah, 14 June 1999, The Iranian
  5. ^ a b c d Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999 By Baqer Moin
  6. ^ a b c d Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar
  7. ^ Islam, Politics, and Social Movements By Edmund Burke, III, Ervand Abrahamian
  8. ^ a b c The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir
  9. ^ Moin, Baqer (2000). Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. St. Martin's Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-312-26490-9.
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