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{{Short description|Indian Twelver Shia Muslim scholar (1800–1869)}}
{{For|the Jordanian Paralympic athlete|Ahmad Hindi (athlete)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox religious biography
⚫
'''Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi''' ({{lang-fa|سید احمد موسوی هندی}}), also known as Seyyed Ahmad Lankerani ({{lang-fa|سید احمد لنکرانی}}) (born circa 1790, died 1869), was a [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslim]] scholar. He was the paternal grandfather of the [[Supreme leader]] of the [[Iranian Revolution]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini]].
| honorific-prefix = [[Sayyid]]
| website =
| parents = Din Ali Shah (father)
| children = Mostafa
| predecessor =
| location =
| successor =
| period =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| jurisprudence = [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam]]
| background = #ABE9CC
| native_name = {{lang|ar|سيد احمد موسوى هندى}}
| main_interests =
| region =
| resting_place =
| death_place = [[Khomeyn]], [[Qajar Iran]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|1869|1800}}
| birth_place = [[Kintoor]], ''[[Subah]]'' of [[Oudh State|Awadh]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br>(present-day [[Barabanki district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| birth_date = 1800
| name = Ahmad Musavi Hindi
| caption =
| image =
| relatives =
| other_name =
}}
⚫
[[Sayyid|Syed]] '''Ahmad Musavi Hindi''' ({{Langx|fa|{{nq|احمد موسوی هندی}}}}; 1800–1869) was a [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] cleric. He was the paternal grandfather of the [[supreme leader]] of the Islamic republic of [[Iran]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini]].


==In India==
== Biography ==
⚫
His family migrated towards the end of the 18th century from [[Nishapur]] in [[Iran]] to [[Oudh]] in northern [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Algar|first1=Hamid|authorlink1=Hamid Algar|editor1-last=Koya|editor1-first=Abdar Rahman|title=Imam Khomeini: Life, Thought and Legacy|date=2010|publisher=Islamic Book Trust|isbn=978-9675062254|page=19|chapter=A short biography}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ntarP5hrza0C&pg=PA8&dq=awadh+persian&hl=nl#v=onepage&q=awadh%20persian&f=false Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam] By Juan Ricardo Cole</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7BaVwfpWZgUC&pg=RA2-PA17&dq=awadh+origin&hl=nl#v=onepage&q=awadh%20origin&f=false Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation] By Ahsan Jan Qaisar,Som Prakash Verma,Mohammad Habib</ref> They settled in the town of [[Kintoor]], [[Barabanki district]].<ref name="Iranian">[http://www.iranian.com/Books/1999/June/Khomeini/index.html From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah''], 14 June 1999, The Iranian</ref><ref name="Moin1999">[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-ihPNR4iaoC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=gA204zovZh&sig=U-hfoPBFyUW2eRJTMfTjSH7FsC8&hl=en&ei=w9Q6TKikEYP6lwfw79XVBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999] By Baqer Moin</ref><ref name="Hamid">Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar</ref> Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musavi, who was progenitor of sayeds of Kintoor, was great-great-grandfather of Seyyed Ahmad.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6JrL2GdwkVsC&pg=PA284&lpg=PA284&dq=Sayyids+in+Awadh&source=bl&ots=B-FrEtX94o&sig=wc72S3dS8VKA8UFDuVdzWQxwFj4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NGTPUPF9yf2sB-HLgMgD&ved=0CDkQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=Sayyids%20in%20Awadh&f=false Islam, Politics, and Social Movements] By Edmund Burke, III, Ervand Abrahamian</ref>{{Failed verification|date=May 2017}}


===India===
He was born in [[Kintoor]].<ref name="Iranian" /><ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Columbia">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=Sp3QTqX2Id&sig=jPhXf-pkhPqgHuRiYOrbHtEwQNE&hl=en&ei=ZdA6TLPRN4KClAeS-L3SBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CCkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism] By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir</ref> He may have been recruited by the British to help them maintain rule over British-occupied India. The British used the tactics of divide and conquer to create conflict between Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus so that they would not unite to rise up against British rule.<ref>http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Mutiny.html</ref><ref>http://strat.in/2009/07/divide-rule-a-strategy-lesson/</ref><ref>https://archive.is/20120918111128/http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/08/ayatollah-khomeini-british-ahmadinejad-iran-opinions-columnists-melik-kaylan.html</ref>
⚫
His family migrated towards the end of the 18th century from [[Nishapur]] in [[Iran]] to [[Oudh]] in northern [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Algar|first1=Hamid|authorlink1=Hamid Algar|editor1-last=Koya|editor1-first=Abdar Rahman|title=Imam Khomeini: Life, Thought and Legacy|date=2010|publisher=Islamic Book Trust|isbn=978-9675062254|page=19|chapter=A short biography}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ntarP5hrza0C&dq=awadh+persian&pg=PA8 Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam] By Juan Ricardo Cole</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7BaVwfpWZgUC&dq=awadh+origin&pg=RA2-PA17 Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation] By Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib</ref> They settled in the town of [[Kintoor]], [[Barabanki district]].<ref name="Iranian">[http://www.iranian.com/Books/1999/June/Khomeini/index.html From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah''], 14 June 1999, The Iranian</ref><ref name="Moin1999">[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-ihPNR4iaoC&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&pg=PA2 Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999] By Baqer Moin</ref><ref name="Hamid">Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar</ref> Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musavi, who was progenitor of [[Sayyid|''Syeds'']] of Kintoor, was great-great-grandfather of Syed Ahmad.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6JrL2GdwkVsC&dq=Sayyids+in+Awadh&pg=PA284 Islam, Politics, and Social Movements] By Edmund Burke, III, Ervand Abrahamian</ref> He was born in [[Kintoor]].<ref name="Iranian" /><ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Columbia">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&pg=PA199 The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism] By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir</ref>


==In Iraq==
===Iraq===
In about 1830 he permanently left India, initially on a pilgrimage to the tomb of [[Ali]] in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]].<ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" /> According to Moin, this movement was to escape colonial rule.<ref name="moin18">{{harvnb|Moin|2000|p=18}}</ref>
In about 1830 he permanently left India, initially on a pilgrimage to the tomb of [[Ali]] in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]].<ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" /> According to Moin, this movement was to escape colonial rule.<ref name="moin18">{{cite book |last = Moin |first = Baqer |title = Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn = 0-312-26490-9 |year=2000|url = https://archive.org/details/khomeinilifeofay00moin |page=18}}</ref>


==In Iran==
===Iran===
He visited Iran in 1834 and bought a house in [[Khomeyn]].<ref name="Iranian" /> He later purchased more land in and around Khomeyn, including an orchard and [[caravanserai]]. These properties remained in the family up to modern times.<ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" />
He visited Iran in 1834 and bought a house in [[Khomeyn]].<ref name="Iranian" /> He later purchased more land in and around Khomeyn, including an orchard and [[caravanserai]]. These properties remained in the family up to modern times.<ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" />


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==The Hindi ''nisba'' (title)==
==The Hindi ''nisba'' (title)==
He continued to be known by the ''nisba'' ''Hindi'', meaning 'from [[Al-Hind|India]]'. Even [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] used ''Hindi'' as a pen name in some of his [[ghazal]]s.<ref name="Hamid" /> Ruhollah Khomeini's brother was known by name Nureddin ''Hindi''.<ref name="Moin1999" />
He continued to be known by the ''nisba'' (title) ''Hindi'' (i.e. from [[Al-Hind|Hind]] or India), indicating his stay there. Even [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] used ''Hindi'' as a pen name in some of his [[ghazal]]s.<ref name="Hamid" /> Ruhollah Khomeini's brother was known by name Nureddin ''Hindi''.<ref name="Moin1999" />


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

{{Ruhollah Khomeini}}


[[Category:1869 deaths]]
[[Category:1869 deaths]]
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[[Category:Iranian Shia clerics]]
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[[Category:Iranian Shia scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:People from Nishapur]]
[[Category:People from Nishapur]]
[[Category:Shia Muslim scholars]]
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[[Category:Iranian Shia Muslims]]
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[[Category:Iranian scholars]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Iranian expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Iranian expatriates in India]]
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[[Category:Ruhollah Khomeini]]
[[Category:Ruhollah Khomeini]]
[[Category:Scholars from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Scholars from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Al-Moussawi family]]
[[Category:Musawis]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Descendants of Shia Imams]]
[[Category:Indian people of Iranian descent]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Muslims]]
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[[Category:Indian Shia clerics]]
[[Category:1800 births]]

Latest revision as of 00:13, 7 November 2024

For the Jordanian Paralympic athlete, see Ahmad Hindi (athlete).

Sayyid
Ahmad Musavi Hindi
سيد احمد موسوى هندى
Personal life
Born1800
Kintoor, Subah of Awadh, Mughal Empire
(present-day Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India)
Died1869 (aged 68–69)
Khomeyn, Qajar Iran
ChildrenMostafa
ParentDin Ali Shah (father)
Religious life
ReligionIslam
JurisprudenceTwelver Shia Islam

Syed Ahmad Musavi Hindi (Persian: احمد موسوی هندی; 1800–1869) was a Twelver Shia cleric. He was the paternal grandfather of the supreme leader of the Islamic republic of Iran, Ruhollah Khomeini.

Biography

[edit]

India

[edit]

His family migrated towards the end of the 18th century from Nishapur in Iran to Oudh in northern India.[1][2][3] They settled in the town of Kintoor, Barabanki district.[4][5][6] Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musavi, who was progenitor of Syeds of Kintoor, was great-great-grandfather of Syed Ahmad.[7] He was born in Kintoor.[4][5][8]

Iraq

[edit]

In about 1830 he permanently left India, initially on a pilgrimage to the tomb of Ali in Najaf, Iraq.[5][6][8] According to Moin, this movement was to escape colonial rule.[9]

Iran

[edit]

He visited Iran in 1834 and bought a house in Khomeyn.[4] He later purchased more land in and around Khomeyn, including an orchard and caravanserai. These properties remained in the family up to modern times.[6][8]

By 1841 he had married three wives: Shirin Khanum, Bibi Khanum, and Sakineh (his friend Yusuf Khan Kamareh'i's sister), all from Khomeyn. He had five children, including a son named Mostafa (father of Ruhollah Khomeini), who was born in 1856 from Sakineh.[4]

Death

[edit]

He died in 1869 and was buried in Karbala.[4]

The Hindi nisba (title)

[edit]

He continued to be known by the nisba (title) Hindi (i.e. from Hind or India), indicating his stay there. Even Ruhollah Khomeini used Hindi as a pen name in some of his ghazals.[6] Ruhollah Khomeini's brother was known by name Nureddin Hindi.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Algar, Hamid (2010). "A short biography". In Koya, Abdar Rahman (ed.). Imam Khomeini: Life, Thought and Legacy. Islamic Book Trust. p. 19. ISBN 978-9675062254.
  2. ^ Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam By Juan Ricardo Cole
  3. ^ Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation By Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib
  4. ^ a b c d e From Khomein, A biography of the Ayatollah, 14 June 1999, The Iranian
  5. ^ a b c d Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999 By Baqer Moin
  6. ^ a b c d Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar
  7. ^ Islam, Politics, and Social Movements By Edmund Burke, III, Ervand Abrahamian
  8. ^ a b c The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir
  9. ^ Moin, Baqer (2000). Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. St. Martin's Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-312-26490-9.
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