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{{short description|Serbian artist}}
{{Infobox artist
{{Infobox artist
| name = Konstantin Danil
| name = Konstantin Danil
| native_name = Константин Данил
| native_name = Константин Данил
| image = Danil, Nova iskra (1899).jpg
| image = Danil, Nova iskra (1899).jpg
| birth_date = 1798 or 1802
| birth_date = 1798
| birth_place = [[Lugoj]] or [[Ečka]]
| birth_place = [[Lugoj]] or [[Ečka]]
| death_date = 25 May 1873 (aged 75 or 77)
| death_date = 25 May 1873 (aged 75 or 77)
| death_place = [[Zrenjanin]], [[Austria-Hungary]], modern-day [[Serbia]]
| death_place = [[Nagybecskerek]], [[Austria-Hungary]], modern-day [[Serbia]]
| nationality =
| nationality =
| field = [[Painting]]
| field = [[Painting]]
Line 15: Line 16:
}}
}}


'''Konstantin Danil''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Константин Данил}}, {{lang-ro|Constantin Dănilă}}, 1798-1873) was a [[Serbia]]n painter of the 19th century. He is most famous for his portraits and religious painting.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.galerijamaticesrpske.rs/bidermajer-konstantin-danil-i-nikola-aleksic.html|title=Бидермајер|website=www.galerijamaticesrpske.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Danil is considered to be the most important Serbian painter of [[Biedermeier]].<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.puma.vojvodina.gov.rs/dokumenti/projekat/Kviz/2019/Vojvodjanski_mozaik_SR.pdf|title=Војвођански мозаик, цртице из културе националних заједница Војводине|last=Поповић|first=Александра|last2=Арђелан|first2=Золтан|publisher=Покрајински секретаријат за образовање, прописе , управу и националне мањине – националне заједнице|year=2019|isbn=|location=Нови Сад|pages=}}</ref>
'''Konstantin Danil''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Константин Данил}}, {{langx|ro|Constantin Dănilă}}; 1798–1873) was a [[Serbia]]n painter of the 19th century. He is most famous for his portraits and religious painting.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.galerijamaticesrpske.rs/bidermajer-konstantin-danil-i-nikola-aleksic.html|title=Бидермајер|website=www.galerijamaticesrpske.rs|access-date=2020-01-29|archive-date=2017-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929054123/http://www.galerijamaticesrpske.rs/bidermajer-konstantin-danil-i-nikola-aleksic.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Danil is considered to be the most important Serbian painter of [[Biedermeier]].<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.puma.vojvodina.gov.rs/dokumenti/projekat/Kviz/2019/Vojvodjanski_mozaik_SR.pdf|title=Војвођански мозаик, цртице из културе националних заједница Војводине|last1=Поповић|first1=Александра|last2=Арђелан|first2=Золтан|publisher=Покрајински секретаријат за образовање, прописе , управу и националне мањине – националне заједнице|year=2019|location=Нови Сад}}</ref>


==Biography==
== Biography ==
According to Felix Kanitz he was born to a Serbian family as Danilo Petrović.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/7644898|title=Srbija : zemlja i stanovništvo od rimskog doba do kraja XIX veka /|last=Kanitz|first=Felix Philipp|date=2007|publisher=Logos art,|isbn=978-86-7360-062-8|edition=1. izd.|location=Beograd :}}</ref> Other sources state that his origin and birthplace is unclear.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/359807/U-potrazi-za-grobom-slikara|title=У потрази за гробом сликара|last=Ђукић|first=Ђуро|website=Politika Online|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> He was born either in [[Lugoj]] or [[Ečka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pancevac-online.rs/arhiva/index.php?module=section&issue_id=538&id=21|title=Pancevac Online|website=www.pancevac-online.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> At the age of thirteen he left [[Lugoj]] for Temișvar, where he executed a drawing which procured his admission to the school of [[Arsenije Teodorović]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arte.rs/sr/umetnici/konstantin_danil-3940/biografija/|title=Arte - Konstantin Danil - Biografija|website=www.arte.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Teodorović was a principal of a drawing school, and through it he influenced a whole new generation of younger artists, including a few that rivaled him. One of them was Konstantin Danil. Here Konstantin Danil studied for several years, and produced, among other works, a figure of [[Saint Sava]] which attracted much attention. The Serbian master gave every encouragement to the young Konstantin Danil for the next four years. Artists had then already started to call Konstantin Danil Grigorović,<ref name="auto4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.rs/books?id=iZHbmgEACAAJ&dq=Andra+Gavrilovi%C4%87,+%22Znameniti+Srbi+XIX+veka%22&hl=sr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS99PA_qfnAhXKwosKHZu9A4gQ6AEINDAC|title=Znameniti srbi XIX. veka ; (1800-1900) ; Urednik Andra Gavrilović: .... Godina (|date=1901|publisher=Srpska Štamp.|language=en}}</ref> who was perpetually sketching all sorts of objects in art and in nature, by his father's name ''Danil''. Konstantin Danil, who had by this time acquired so much mastery over the painting technique that his performances were barely distinguishable from Teodorović's own.
According to Felix Kanitz he was born to a Serbian family as Danilo Petrović.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/7644898|title=Srbija : zemlja i stanovništvo od rimskog doba do kraja XIX veka |last=Kanitz|first=Felix Philipp|date=2007|publisher=Logos art|isbn=978-86-7360-062-8|edition=1. izd|location=Beograd }}</ref> Other sources state that his origin and birthplace is unclear.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/359807/U-potrazi-za-grobom-slikara|title=У потрази за гробом сликара|last=Ђукић|first=Ђуро|website=Politika Online|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> He was born either in [[Lugoj]] or [[Ečka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pancevac-online.rs/arhiva/index.php?module=section&issue_id=538&id=21|title=Pancevac Online|website=www.pancevac-online.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> At the age of thirteen he left [[Lugoj]] for [[Timișoara]], where he executed a drawing which procured his admission to the school of [[Arsenije Teodorović]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arte.rs/sr/umetnici/konstantin_danil-3940/biografija/|title=Arte - Konstantin Danil - Biografija|website=www.arte.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Teodorović was a principal of a drawing school, and through it he influenced a whole new generation of younger artists, including a few that rivaled him. One of them was Konstantin Danil. Here Konstantin Danil studied for several years, and produced, among other works, a figure of [[Saint Sava]] which attracted much attention. The Serbian master gave every encouragement to the young Konstantin Danil for the next four years. Artists had then already started to call Konstantin Danil Grigorović,<ref name="auto4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZHbmgEACAAJ&q=Andra+Gavrilovi%C4%87,+%22Znameniti+Srbi+XIX+veka%22|title=Znameniti srbi XIX. veka ; (1800-1900) ; Urednik Andra Gavrilović: .... Godina (|date=1901|publisher=Srpska Štamp.|language=en}}</ref> who was perpetually sketching all sorts of objects in art and in nature, by his father's name ''Danil''. Konstantin Danil, who had by this time acquired so much mastery over the painting technique that his performances were barely distinguishable from Teodorović's own.


At the age of seventeen, he left Teodorović and went to the [[atelier]] of one of three Viennese academicians, then working in Temișvar. Danil also took lessons from itinerant portrait-painters and afterward entered as a student in the Academy of Arts in Vienna and in Munich. It was in Vienna and Munich, where he became influenced for a while by the works of classicist German painters [[Asmus Jacob Carstens]], [[Joachim Christian Reinhart]], [[Peter Fendi]], [[Joseph Anton Koch]], [[Gottlieb Schick]] and [[Bonaventura Genelli]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} He also took time to travel and paint throughout [[Banat]] and Erdelj ([[Transylvania]]). Danil had tried his skill in every genre, including portraiture, landscape, flower-painting, scenes of modern life and figure subjects. From Munich, Danil returned to Veliki Bečkerek (modern-day [[Zrenjanin]]), where he resumed the style of Teodorović, and shortly afterward Veliki Bečkerek became his permanent residence.<ref name="auto6"/>
At the age of seventeen, he left Teodorović and went to the [[atelier]] of one of three Viennese academicians, then working in Temișvar. Danil also took lessons from itinerant portrait-painters and afterward entered as a student in the Academy of Arts in Vienna and in Munich. It was in Vienna and Munich, where he became influenced for a while by the works of classicist German painters [[Asmus Jacob Carstens]], [[Joachim Christian Reinhart]], [[Peter Fendi]], [[Joseph Anton Koch]], [[Gottlieb Schick]] and [[Bonaventura Genelli]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} He also took time to travel and paint throughout [[Banat]] and Erdelj ([[Transylvania]]). Danil had tried his skill in every genre, including portraiture, landscape, flower-painting, scenes of modern life and figure subjects. From Munich, Danil returned to Nagybecskerek (modern-day [[Zrenjanin]]), where he resumed the style of Teodorović, and shortly afterward Veliki Bečkerek became his permanent residence.<ref name="auto6"/>


He married German noblewoman Sofia Dely in 1827.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://politikin-zabavnik.rs/clanci/sofija-moj-andjeo|title=СОФИЈА, МОЈ АНЂЕО!|website=Политикин забавник|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Danil painted local nobelman Karacsony, and when Karacsony became a Viceroy of [[Banat]],<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/280308/Veliki-majstor-kicice|title=Велики мајстор кичице|last=Даниловић|first=Ј.|website=Politika Online|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Danil's popularity grew.
He married German noblewoman Sofia Dely in 1827.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://politikin-zabavnik.rs/clanci/sofija-moj-andjeo|title=СОФИЈА, МОЈ АНЂЕО!|website=Политикин забавник|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Danil painted local nobleman Karacsony, and when Karacsony became a Viceroy of [[Banat]],<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/280308/Veliki-majstor-kicice|title=Велики мајстор кичице|last=Даниловић|first=Ј.|website=Politika Online|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Danil's popularity grew.


Having spent much time in the military frontier, and having been with the Austrian troops in actual warfare, he made a specialty of rendering the [[Military Frontier]] officers and border men. At the same time, he produced a series of designs illustrative of Old Testament history.
Having spent much time in the military frontier, and having been with the Austrian troops in actual warfare, he made a specialty of rendering the [[Military Frontier]] officers and border men. At the same time, he produced a series of designs illustrative of Old Testament history.


From 1834 to 1873 Danil threw himself into the [[Biedermeier]] and the sacral painting based on the school of Vienna<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.rs/books?id=E9UuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47&dq=Konstantin+Danil&hl=sr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwievunA4afnAhV_xMQBHZbfCI44ChDoAQg8MAI#v=onepage&q=Konstantin%20Danil&f=false|title=Serbia|last=Mitchell|first=Laurence|date=2017-09-05|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-78477-056-3|language=en}}</ref> [[Nazarene movement]], and became one of its regional leaders. He worked in his own [[atelier]] at 37 Tsar Dušan Street<ref name="auto6"/> in Veliki Bečkerek where numerous Serbian artists were apprenticed,<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arte.rs/sr/umetnici/konstantin_danil-3940/vesti/majstori_banatskog_slikarstva_od_xviii_do_xx_veka-6847/|title=Arte - Konstantin Danil - Vesti|website=www.arte.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> including poet-painter [[Đura Jakšić]]<ref name="auto1"/> and artist Lazar Nikolić, who wrote a biography of his teacher.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.rs/books?id=ToY5AQAAMAAJ&q=Lazar+Nikoli%C4%87,+Srpski+slikari+(1895);&dq=Lazar+Nikoli%C4%87,+Srpski+slikari+(1895);&hl=sr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJ8pHBgKjnAhVR4KYKHZIBAR8Q6AEIKDAA|title=Srpski slikari: prilog kulturnoj povestnici srpskog naroda|last=Nikolić|first=Lazar|last2=Nikolić|first2=Vladimir|date=1895|publisher=Štamparija Jove Karamat|language=sr}}</ref>
From 1834 to 1873 Danil threw himself into the [[Biedermeier]] and the sacral painting based on the school of Vienna<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9UuDwAAQBAJ&q=Konstantin+Danil&pg=PA47|title=Serbia|last=Mitchell|first=Laurence|date=2017-09-05|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-78477-056-3|language=en}}</ref> [[Nazarene movement]], and became one of its regional leaders. He worked in his own [[atelier]] at 37 Tsar Dušan Street<ref name="auto6"/> in Veliki Bečkerek where numerous Serbian artists were apprenticed,<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arte.rs/sr/umetnici/konstantin_danil-3940/vesti/majstori_banatskog_slikarstva_od_xviii_do_xx_veka-6847/|title=Arte - Konstantin Danil - Vesti|website=www.arte.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> including poet-painter [[Đura Jakšić]]<ref name="auto1"/> and artist Lazar Nikolić, who wrote a biography of his teacher.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToY5AQAAMAAJ&q=Lazar+Nikoli%C4%87,+Srpski+slikari+(1895);|title=Srpski slikari: prilog kulturnoj povestnici srpskog naroda|last1=Nikolić|first1=Lazar|last2=Nikolić|first2=Vladimir|date=1895|publisher=Štamparija Jove Karamat|language=sr}}</ref>


Danil was a Serbian Orthodox Christian.<ref name="auto6"/> In 1872 his wife, Sofia Dely, died, and a year later (1873), Danil died in Veliki Bečkerek (Zrenjanin) on 13 May.<ref name="auto3"/>
Danil was a Serbian Orthodox Christian.<ref name="auto6"/> In 1872 his wife, Sofia Dely, died, and a year later (1873), Danil died in Nagybecskerek on 13 May.<ref name="auto3"/>


==Work==
== Work ==
[[File:Painting Pavle Jagodic by Konstantin Danil.jpg|thumb|A Yugoslav stamp showing Pavle Jagodić, with inscription "Konstantin Danil" (1802-1873), from the series "Yugoslav Portraits"]]
[[File:Painting Pavle Jagodic by Konstantin Danil.jpg|thumb|A Yugoslav stamp showing Pavle Jagodić, with inscription "Konstantin Danil" (1802-1873), from the series "Yugoslav Portraits"]]


His chief pictures are ''Madonna'', ''Male Portrait,'' ''Still Life'', ''Stanci Dely'' (his father-in-law), ''Archangel Gabriel'', ''Ms Vaigling'', ''Ms Tetesi'', and, best known of all, ''General Stevan Kničanin'' and ''Portrait of Maria'' (1872). The portraits of his wife ''Sofia Dely'' (1840), ''Petar Jagodić'', and ''A Lady with a Cross'' are among his best achievements in this class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnit.net/paleta/item/429-konstantin-danil.html|title=Konstantin Danil|website=www.artnit.net|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Danil painted a number of potraits of the wealthe Jagodić family.<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.start013.rs/do-tada-je-slikao-portrete-uvazenih-gospoja/|title=ДО ТАДА ЈЕ СЛИКАО ПОРТРЕТЕ УВАЖЕНИХ ГОСПОЈА|last=admin|date=2017-12-08|website=Start013|language=sr-RS|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref>
His chief pictures are ''Madonna'', ''Male Portrait,'' ''Still Life'', ''Stanci Dely'' (his father-in-law), ''Archangel Gabriel'', ''Ms Vaigling'', ''Ms Tetesi'', and, best known of all, ''General Stevan Kničanin'' and ''Portrait of Maria'' (1872). The portraits of his wife ''Sofia Dely'' (1840), ''Petar Jagodić'', and ''A Lady with a Cross'' are among his best achievements in this class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnit.net/paleta/item/429-konstantin-danil.html|title=Konstantin Danil|website=www.artnit.net|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Danil painted a number of portraits of the wealthe Jagodić family.<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.start013.rs/do-tada-je-slikao-portrete-uvazenih-gospoja/|title=ДО ТАДА ЈЕ СЛИКАО ПОРТРЕТЕ УВАЖЕНИХ ГОСПОЈА|last=admin|date=2017-12-08|website=Start013|language=sr-RS|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref>


Portrait of ''Captain Kljunović and his wife'' impressed a Serbian Orthodox priest by the name of Arsenović, who selected Danil to decorate the walls, dome and iconostasis of a new Serbian Orthodox church in [[Pančevo]] with figures of saints. Upon completion of his commission (iconostasis) in 1833 Danil received an [[honorarium]] of 4,000 silver [[Austro-Hungarian gulden|florins]].<ref name="auto5"/> [[Iconostasis|Iconostases]] painted by Danil can also be found in [[Timișoara]], [[Uzdin]], [[Dobrica]] and [[Jarkovac]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rastko.rs/rastko-ro/crkva_temisvar1.htm|title=Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva u Rumuniji - Temisvar / Saborna crkva|website=www.rastko.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.blic.rs/kultura/vesti/otvaranje-narodnog-muzeja-na-blic-ucitelj-djure-jaksica/9kxs6cw|title=Otvaranje Narodnog muzeja na "Blic" UČITELJ ĐURE JAKŠIĆA|last=Blic|website=Blic.rs|language=sr|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.rs/books?id=T85YDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&dq=Konstantin+Danil&hl=sr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwievunA4afnAhV_xMQBHZbfCI44ChDoAQgyMAE#v=onepage&q=Konstantin%20Danil&f=false|title=Dalmatia & the Adriatic|last=Baedeker|first=Karl|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-244-97076-5|language=en}}</ref>
Portrait of ''Captain Kljunović and his wife'' impressed a Serbian Orthodox priest by the name of Arsenović, who selected Danil to decorate the walls, dome and iconostasis of a new Serbian Orthodox church in [[Pančevo]] with figures of saints. Upon completion of his commission (iconostasis) in 1833 Danil received an [[honorarium]] of 4,000 silver [[Austro-Hungarian florin|florins]].<ref name="auto5"/> [[Iconostasis|Iconostases]] painted by Danil can also be found in [[Timișoara]], [[Uzdin]], [[Dobrica]] and [[Jarkovac]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rastko.rs/rastko-ro/crkva_temisvar1.htm|title=Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva u Rumuniji - Temisvar / Saborna crkva|website=www.rastko.rs|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.blic.rs/kultura/vesti/otvaranje-narodnog-muzeja-na-blic-ucitelj-djure-jaksica/9kxs6cw|title=Otvaranje Narodnog muzeja na "Blic" UČITELJ ĐURE JAKŠIĆA|last=Blic|website=Blic.rs|language=sr|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T85YDwAAQBAJ&q=Konstantin+Danil&pg=PA110|title=Dalmatia & the Adriatic|last=Baedeker|first=Karl|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-244-97076-5|language=en}}</ref>


===Public collections===
=== Public collections ===
His work can be found in the following public collections:
His work can be found in the following public collections:


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* A lot of his work used to be found in private collections.<ref name="auto4"/>
* A lot of his work used to be found in private collections.<ref name="auto4"/>


==Legacy==
== Legacy ==
Danil is remembered as a master of technique, and his portraits reveal an extraordinary study into the characters of his subjects.<ref name="auto2"/> Nevertheless, for some time after his death his name was almost forgotten by the public, and it is only in the twentieth century that he has been conceded the position amopng the masters of the modern Serbian school which is his due.
Danil is remembered as a master of technique, and his portraits reveal an extraordinary study into the characters of his subjects.<ref name="auto2"/> Nevertheless, for some time after his death his name was almost forgotten by the public, and it is only in the twentieth century that he has been conceded the position among the masters of the modern Serbian school which is his due.


On the basis of his early art work in Temișvar, Konstantin Danil is also claimed by three other nations, [[Romania]], [[Austria]] and [[Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srpskilegat.rs/umro-je-slikar-konstantin-danil/|title=Umro je slikar Konstantin Danil|first1=MK Fondacija Srpski Legatldate=May 25, 2018}}</ref>
On the basis of his early art work in Temișvar, Konstantin Danil is also claimed by three other nations, [[Romania]], [[Austria]] and [[Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srpskilegat.rs/umro-je-slikar-konstantin-danil/|title=Umro je slikar Konstantin Danil|work=MK Fondacija Srpski Legat|date=May 25, 2018}}</ref>


He is included in [[The 100 most prominent Serbs]].
He is included in [[The 100 most prominent Serbs]].


==Gallery==
== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
<gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="200">
File:Portret Pavela Kongleca - Konstantin Danil, 1832-1834.jpg|''Portrait of Pavel Konglec'', 1832-1834
File:Portret Pavla Kenđelca - Konstantin Danil, 1832-1834.jpg|''Portrait of Pavle Kenđelac'', 1832-1834
File:Portrait of Madame Tőtössy.jpg|''Portrait of Madame Tőtössy'',1835-1840
File:Portrait of Madame Tőtössy.jpg|''Portrait of Madame Tőtössy'',1835-1840
File:Konstantin danil.jpg||''Portrait of the wife Sofia Dely''
File:Konstantin danil.jpg|''Portrait of the wife Sofia Dely''
File:Konstantin Danil, portrait of Mrs. Vailgling, after 1840, National museum of Serbia.jpg|''Portrait of mrs. Vailgling''
File:Danil-Young.jpg|''Danil Jagodić'', 1873
File:Danil-Young.jpg|''Danil Jagodić'', 1873
File:Danil-Gloves.jpg|''Man in White Gloves'', 1873
File:Danil-Gloves.jpg|''Man in White Gloves'', 1873
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
== See also ==
* [[List of Serbian painters]]
* [[List of Serbian painters]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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* Dr. István Berkeszi, Temišvarski slikari, 1909
* Dr. István Berkeszi, Temišvarski slikari, 1909
* Sendrej-Sentivany, Leksikon ugarskih likovnih umjetnika, 1915
* Sendrej-Sentivany, Leksikon ugarskih likovnih umjetnika, 1915
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Petrović|first= Veljko|authorlink= |year=1927|title = Konstantin Danil |encyclopedia= Narodna enciklopedija |publisher= Bibliografski zavod |location= [[Zagreb]]|id= }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Petrović|first= Veljko|year=1927|title = Konstantin Danil |encyclopedia= Narodna enciklopedija |publisher= Bibliografski zavod |location= [[Zagreb]]}}
* Adrian Negru, Constantin Daniel, Libertatea, Panciova;, 1996
* Adrian Negru, Constantin Daniel, Libertatea, Panciova;, 1996
* Adrijan Negru, Slikarske radionice u Banatu u XVIII i XIX veku, Viša škola za obrazovanje vaspitača, Vršac, 2003
* Adrijan Negru, Slikarske radionice u Banatu u XVIII i XIX veku, Viša škola za obrazovanje vaspitača, Vršac, 2003


==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat|Konstantin Danil}}
{{commons category|Konstantin Danil}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120211111300/http://www.terminartors.com/artistprofile/Danil_Konstantin Terminartors.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120211111300/http://www.terminartors.com/artistprofile/Danil_Konstantin Terminartors.com]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213194315/http://www.mng.com.mk/eng/amamizlozba.html |date=February 13, 2006 |title=Portrait of Maria }}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213194315/http://www.mng.com.mk/eng/amamizlozba.html |date=February 13, 2006 |title=Portrait of Maria }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172304/http://www.rastko.org.rs/isk/images/konstantin_danil.jpg Portrait of Petar Jagodic]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172304/http://www.rastko.org.rs/isk/images/konstantin_danil.jpg Portrait of Petar Jagodic]


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[[Category:19th-century Serbian male artists]]

Latest revision as of 08:01, 7 November 2024

Konstantin Danil
Константин Данил
Born1798
Lugoj or Ečka
Died25 May 1873 (aged 75 or 77)
Nagybecskerek, Austria-Hungary, modern-day Serbia
Known forPainting
Notable workPortrait of the wife Sofia Dely
MovementClassicism, Biedermeier

Konstantin Danil (Serbian Cyrillic: Константин Данил, Romanian: Constantin Dănilă; 1798–1873) was a Serbian painter of the 19th century. He is most famous for his portraits and religious painting.[1] Danil is considered to be the most important Serbian painter of Biedermeier.[1][2]

Biography

[edit]

According to Felix Kanitz he was born to a Serbian family as Danilo Petrović.[3] Other sources state that his origin and birthplace is unclear.[4] He was born either in Lugoj or Ečka.[5] At the age of thirteen he left Lugoj for Timișoara, where he executed a drawing which procured his admission to the school of Arsenije Teodorović.[6] Teodorović was a principal of a drawing school, and through it he influenced a whole new generation of younger artists, including a few that rivaled him. One of them was Konstantin Danil. Here Konstantin Danil studied for several years, and produced, among other works, a figure of Saint Sava which attracted much attention. The Serbian master gave every encouragement to the young Konstantin Danil for the next four years. Artists had then already started to call Konstantin Danil Grigorović,[7] who was perpetually sketching all sorts of objects in art and in nature, by his father's name Danil. Konstantin Danil, who had by this time acquired so much mastery over the painting technique that his performances were barely distinguishable from Teodorović's own.

At the age of seventeen, he left Teodorović and went to the atelier of one of three Viennese academicians, then working in Temișvar. Danil also took lessons from itinerant portrait-painters and afterward entered as a student in the Academy of Arts in Vienna and in Munich. It was in Vienna and Munich, where he became influenced for a while by the works of classicist German painters Asmus Jacob Carstens, Joachim Christian Reinhart, Peter Fendi, Joseph Anton Koch, Gottlieb Schick and Bonaventura Genelli.[citation needed] He also took time to travel and paint throughout Banat and Erdelj (Transylvania). Danil had tried his skill in every genre, including portraiture, landscape, flower-painting, scenes of modern life and figure subjects. From Munich, Danil returned to Nagybecskerek (modern-day Zrenjanin), where he resumed the style of Teodorović, and shortly afterward Veliki Bečkerek became his permanent residence.[4]

He married German noblewoman Sofia Dely in 1827.[8] Danil painted local nobleman Karacsony, and when Karacsony became a Viceroy of Banat,[9] Danil's popularity grew.

Having spent much time in the military frontier, and having been with the Austrian troops in actual warfare, he made a specialty of rendering the Military Frontier officers and border men. At the same time, he produced a series of designs illustrative of Old Testament history.

From 1834 to 1873 Danil threw himself into the Biedermeier and the sacral painting based on the school of Vienna[10] Nazarene movement, and became one of its regional leaders. He worked in his own atelier at 37 Tsar Dušan Street[4] in Veliki Bečkerek where numerous Serbian artists were apprenticed,[11] including poet-painter Đura Jakšić[11] and artist Lazar Nikolić, who wrote a biography of his teacher.[12]

Danil was a Serbian Orthodox Christian.[4] In 1872 his wife, Sofia Dely, died, and a year later (1873), Danil died in Nagybecskerek on 13 May.[8]

Work

[edit]
A Yugoslav stamp showing Pavle Jagodić, with inscription "Konstantin Danil" (1802-1873), from the series "Yugoslav Portraits"

His chief pictures are Madonna, Male Portrait, Still Life, Stanci Dely (his father-in-law), Archangel Gabriel, Ms Vaigling, Ms Tetesi, and, best known of all, General Stevan Kničanin and Portrait of Maria (1872). The portraits of his wife Sofia Dely (1840), Petar Jagodić, and A Lady with a Cross are among his best achievements in this class.[13] Danil painted a number of portraits of the wealthe Jagodić family.[14]

Portrait of Captain Kljunović and his wife impressed a Serbian Orthodox priest by the name of Arsenović, who selected Danil to decorate the walls, dome and iconostasis of a new Serbian Orthodox church in Pančevo with figures of saints. Upon completion of his commission (iconostasis) in 1833 Danil received an honorarium of 4,000 silver florins.[14] Iconostases painted by Danil can also be found in Timișoara, Uzdin, Dobrica and Jarkovac.[15][16][17]

Public collections

[edit]

His work can be found in the following public collections:

Legacy

[edit]

Danil is remembered as a master of technique, and his portraits reveal an extraordinary study into the characters of his subjects.[16] Nevertheless, for some time after his death his name was almost forgotten by the public, and it is only in the twentieth century that he has been conceded the position among the masters of the modern Serbian school which is his due.

On the basis of his early art work in Temișvar, Konstantin Danil is also claimed by three other nations, Romania, Austria and Hungary.[18]

He is included in The 100 most prominent Serbs.

[edit]
  • Portrait of Pavle Kenđelac, 1832-1834
    Portrait of Pavle Kenđelac, 1832-1834
  • Portrait of Madame Tőtössy,1835-1840
    Portrait of Madame Tőtössy,1835-1840
  • Portrait of the wife Sofia Dely
    Portrait of the wife Sofia Dely
  • Portrait of mrs. Vailgling
    Portrait of mrs. Vailgling
  • Danil Jagodić, 1873
    Danil Jagodić, 1873
  • Man in White Gloves, 1873
    Man in White Gloves, 1873

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Бидермајер". www.galerijamaticesrpske.rs. Archived from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  2. ^ Поповић, Александра; Арђелан, Золтан (2019). Војвођански мозаик, цртице из културе националних заједница Војводине (PDF). Нови Сад: Покрајински секретаријат за образовање, прописе , управу и националне мањине – националне заједнице.
  3. ^ Kanitz, Felix Philipp (2007). Srbija : zemlja i stanovništvo od rimskog doba do kraja XIX veka (1. izd ed.). Beograd: Logos art. ISBN 978-86-7360-062-8.
  4. ^ a b c d Ђукић, Ђуро. "У потрази за гробом сликара". Politika Online. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  5. ^ "Pancevac Online". www.pancevac-online.rs. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  6. ^ "Arte - Konstantin Danil - Biografija". www.arte.rs. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  7. ^ a b Znameniti srbi XIX. veka ; (1800-1900) ; Urednik Andra Gavrilović: .... Godina (. Srpska Štamp. 1901.
  8. ^ a b "СОФИЈА, МОЈ АНЂЕО!". Политикин забавник. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  9. ^ a b c Даниловић, Ј. "Велики мајстор кичице". Politika Online. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  10. ^ Mitchell, Laurence (2017-09-05). Serbia. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-78477-056-3.
  11. ^ a b "Arte - Konstantin Danil - Vesti". www.arte.rs. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  12. ^ Nikolić, Lazar; Nikolić, Vladimir (1895). Srpski slikari: prilog kulturnoj povestnici srpskog naroda (in Serbian). Štamparija Jove Karamat.
  13. ^ "Konstantin Danil". www.artnit.net. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  14. ^ a b admin (2017-12-08). "ДО ТАДА ЈЕ СЛИКАО ПОРТРЕТЕ УВАЖЕНИХ ГОСПОЈА". Start013 (in Serbian). Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  15. ^ "Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva u Rumuniji - Temisvar / Saborna crkva". www.rastko.rs. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  16. ^ a b Blic. "Otvaranje Narodnog muzeja na "Blic" UČITELJ ĐURE JAKŠIĆA". Blic.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  17. ^ Baedeker, Karl. Dalmatia & the Adriatic. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-244-97076-5.
  18. ^ "Umro je slikar Konstantin Danil". MK Fondacija Srpski Legat. May 25, 2018.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Euphrosine, Nemzeti Újság, 1840
  • Pesti Hirlap, Temesvarer Wochenblatt (1841), 45, 1845. 49);
  • Lazar Nikolić, Srpski slikari, 1895
  • Dr. István Berkeszi, Temišvarski slikari, 1909
  • Sendrej-Sentivany, Leksikon ugarskih likovnih umjetnika, 1915
  • Petrović, Veljko (1927). "Konstantin Danil". Narodna enciklopedija. Zagreb: Bibliografski zavod.
  • Adrian Negru, Constantin Daniel, Libertatea, Panciova;, 1996
  • Adrijan Negru, Slikarske radionice u Banatu u XVIII i XIX veku, Viša škola za obrazovanje vaspitača, Vršac, 2003
[edit]
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