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{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| image = LednickoValtickyAreal.jpg
| image = Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape Montage II.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = from top: [[Lednice Castle]], Valtice Castle, Rendezvous Pavilion, one of Lednice Ponds, John's Castle, Rajsna Colonnade, Venetian fountain in Lednice Castle garden, view on Lednice Castle park with Minaret
| caption =
| location = [[Lednice]] and [[Valtice]], [[Czech Republic]]
| location = [[Lednice]] and [[Valtice]], [[Czech Republic]]
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i), (ii), (iv)}}(i), (ii), (iv)
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i), (ii), (iv)}}(i), (ii), (iv)
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| map_caption =
| map_caption =
}}
}}
'''The [[Lednice]]-[[Valtice]] Cultural Landscape''' (also '''Lednice-Valtice Area''' or '''Lednice-Valtice Complex''', {{lang-cs|Lednicko-valtický areál}}) is a [[Cultural landscape|cultural-natural landscape]] complex of {{convert|283.09|km²}} in the [[Lednice]] and [[Valtice]] areas of the [[South Moravian Region]], near [[Břeclav]] in the [[Czech Republic]].
The '''Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape''' (also '''Lednice–Valtice Area''' or '''Lednice–Valtice Complex''', {{langx|cs|Lednicko-valtický areál}}) is a [[Cultural landscape|cultural-natural landscape]] complex of {{convert|283.09|km2}} in the [[South Moravian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It comprises the municipalities of [[Lednice]], [[Valtice]] and [[Hlohovec (Břeclav District)|Hlohovec]], and the rural area of [[Břeclav]].


The Lednice-Valtice Area is registered in the list of monuments protected as [[World Heritage Sites]] (WHS) by [[UNESCO]]. It is adjacent to the [[Pálava Landscape Protected Area]] (Pálava Biosphere Reserve), a WHS registered by UNESCO several years before. The close proximity of two [[cultural landscape]]s protected by UNESCO is unique.
In 1996, the Lednice-Valtice Area was registered on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] because of its unique mix of [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]], [[Neoclassical architecture|Neolassical]], and [[Gothic Revival architecture|neo-Gothic architecture]], and its history as a cultural landscape designed intentionally by a single family.<ref>{{Cite web |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre| title=Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/763/|access-date=2021-04-02|publisher= United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |language=en}}</ref> It is adjacent to the [[Pálava Landscape Protected Area]] (Pálava Biosphere Reserve), a biosphere reserve registered by UNESCO several years before.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pálava Nature Reserve {{!}} Mikulov.cz|url=http://www.mikulov.cz/tourism/active-leisure-time/foot-tourism/palava-nature-reserve/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=mikulov.cz}}</ref> The close proximity of two [[cultural landscape]]s protected by UNESCO is unique.


== History==
==History==
The [[House of Liechtenstein]] acquired a castle in Lednice in 1249, which marked the beginning of their settlement in the area. It remained the principal Liechtenstein residence for 700 years, until 1939 and World War II.
The [[House of Liechtenstein]] acquired [[Valtice]] (German name: Feldsberg) Castle in 1249, which marked the beginning of their settlement in the area. It remained the principal Liechtenstein residence for 700 years, until 1939 and World War II.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Sváček|first=Libor|title=UNESCO|year=2015|isbn=978-80-7339-067-9|pages=60–71}}</ref> Valtice Castle was expanded in late [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque style]] in the first half of the 13th century, but was badly damaged in the [[Hussite Wars]] and later rebuilt by [[Charles I, Prince of Liechtenstein]], in the [[Baroque|Baroque style]]. From the 14th century, Lednice (German name: Eisgrub) was a fortified manor belonging to the Valtice estate and from 1680 it was expanded into a palace that was redesigned in a Tudor [[Gothic Revival]] style (then: "Old English style") between 1846 and 1858 by Prince [[Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Aloys II]].


===17th—19th centuries===
===17th–19th centuries===
The [[Duke of Liechtenstein|Dukes of Liechtenstein]] transformed their properties into one large and designed private park between the 17th and 20th centuries. During the 19th century, the Dukes continued transforming the area as a large traditional [[English landscape garden|English landscape park]]. The [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] and [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival style]] architecture of their [[chateau]]x are married with smaller buildings and a landscape that was fashioned according to the English principles of landscape architecture.<br/>
The [[House of Liechtenstein|Princes of Liechtenstein]] transformed their properties Feldsberg (Valtice) and Eisgrub (Lednice) into one large and designed private park between the 17th and 20th centuries. During the 19th century, the princes continued transforming the area as a large traditional [[English landscape garden|English landscape park]]. Feldsberg was part of Austria until 1919, Eisgrub part of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], both member states of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] under the [[Habsburg]] rule, with the Austrian-Bohemian border running through the park between the two castles. The 1919 [[Treaty of Saint-Germain]] stipulated that the city of Feldsberg, which in 1910 was about 97% inhabited by German-speaking Lower Austrians, became part of [[Czechoslovakia]].


The Baroque and [[Gothic Revival architecture|neo-Gothic architecture]] of the [[chateau]]x are married with smaller buildings and a landscape that was fashioned according to the English principles of landscape architecture.<ref name=":0" />
⚫
In 1715 these two chateaux (castles) were connected by a [[avenue (landscape)|landscape allée]] and road, later renamed for the poet [[Petr Bezruč]]. The Lednice Ponds (''Lednické rybníky'') are situated between the villages of Valtice, Lednice, and Hlohovec; as are the ''Mlýnský'', ''Prostřední'', ''Hlohovecký'', and ''Nesyt'' Ponds. A substantial part of the cultural landscape complex is covered in [[pine]] forests, known as the "Pine−wood"(''Boří les''), and in areas adjacent to the [[Dyje|River Dyje]] with [[riparian forest]]s.

⚫
In 1715 these two chateaux (castles) were connected by a 7 km (4.3 miles) long [[avenue (landscape)|landscape avenue]] and road, later renamed for the poet [[Petr Bezruč]], due to his poem [[Slezské písně|Valčice]] describing a journey to Lednice after tasting vine in Valtice. Whilst both Lednice and Valtice have grown since then, and the road doesn't connect the chateaux as once intended, a large part of this avenue remains in use to this day. The Lednice Ponds are situated between the town of Valtice and villages of Lednice and Hlohovec; as are the ''Mlýnský'', ''Prostřední'', ''Hlohovecký'', and ''Nesyt'' Ponds. A substantial part of the cultural landscape complex is covered in [[pine]] forests, known as the "Pine−wood" (''Boří les''), and in areas adjacent to the [[Thaya]] River with [[riparian forest]]s.<ref name=":0" />


===20th century===
===20th century===
⚫
In 1918 the region became part of new [[Czechoslovakia]]. The Liechtenstein family opposed the annexation of Czech territory into [[Sudetenland]] by [[Nazi Germany]], and as a consequence their properties were confiscated by the Nazis, and the family then relocated to [[Vaduz]] in 1939. After World War II the [[Beneš decrees]] resulted in the confiscation of all Liechtenstein property in Czechoslovakia, as the family is seen as German in nationality to this day by the Czech state. The family made several legal attempts for restitution of the properties, but the [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic|communist]] regime was not interested in restitution of property to exiled aristocracy.
In the 20th century the region became part of new [[Czechoslovakia]]
⚫
The Liechtenstein family opposed the annexation of Czech territory in the fascist [[Sudetenland]] by [[Nazi Germany]], and as a consequence their properties were confiscated by the Nazis, and the family then relocated to [[Vaduz]] in 1939. After World War II the family made several legal attempts for restitution of the properties. However, they had passed post-war into ownership by the new communist [[Czechoslovakia]]. Of course its [[Communist]] government did not support returning large estates to exiled aristocratic landowners.


After the Czechoslovakian [[Velvet Revolution]] in 1989, the Liechtenstein descendants again renewed legal attempts for restitution, which were denied by the Czech state, the present day owner of the properties. <ref>{{cite web|title=The former Liechtenstein possessions of Lednice-Valtice |url=http://www.minorsights.com/2014/09/Czech-Lednice-Valtice.html|publisher=Minor Sights|accessdate=4 October 2014|date=September 2014}}</ref>
After the Czechoslovakian [[Velvet Revolution]] in 1989, the Liechtenstein descendants again renewed attempts for restitution, which were repeatedly denied by the Czech state, the present day owner of the properties.<ref>{{cite web|title=The former Liechtenstein possessions of Lednice-Valtice |url=http://www.minorsights.com/2014/09/Czech-Lednice-Valtice.html|publisher=Minor Sights|accessdate=4 October 2014|date=September 2014}}</ref>


==Features==
==Features==
The principal elements are:
The principal elements are:
* Chateau Valtice and its contiguous town/village of [[Valtice]].
* Chateau Valtice (German: ''Schloss Feldsberg'') and its contiguous town of [[Valtice]]
* Chateau [[Lednice Castle]] and its contiguous village of [[Lednice]].
* Lednice Castle (German: ''Schloss Eisgrub'') and its contiguous village of [[Lednice]]
* The village of [[Hlohovec (Břeclav District)|Hlohovec]].
* The village of [[Hlohovec (Břeclav District)|Hlohovec]]


===Pavilions and follies===
===Pavilions and follies===
[[File:Kaple sv. Huberta (1).jpg|thumb|upright|St Hubert Chapel]]
In addition to the castles, there are many large to small residential [[pavilion]]s located throughout the designed landscape, often serving as chateau or hunting lodges.<ref>The term ''zámeček'' ({{lang-de|Schlösschen}}, literally a ''small château'') — is usually translated here as a "[[manor house]]" — or a "[[hunting lodge]]" ({{lang-cs|lovecký zámeček}}, {{lang-de|Jagdschlösschen}}), if it served for [[hunting]].</ref>
In addition to the castles, there are many large to small residential [[pavilion]]s located throughout the designed landscape, often serving as chateau or hunting lodges.<ref>The term ''zámeček'' ({{langx|de|Schlösschen}}, literally a ''small château'') — is usually translated here as a "[[manor house]]" — or a "[[Jagdschloss|hunting lodge]]" ({{langx|cs|lovecký zámeček}}, {{langx|de|Jagdschlösschen}}), if it served for [[hunting]].</ref>
[[File:Kolonáda na Rajstně (Reistenkolonnade) - by Pudelek.JPG|thumb|right|The Colonnade in Valtice]]
* '''The Colonnade − ''Rajsna''''' (German: ''Reistna'')<br />&nbsp; — a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] [[colonnade]] on the top of a hill ridge above [[Valtice]] (like a [[gloriette]]) from the 1810s to 1820s
* '''The Colonnade − ''Rajsna''''' (German: ''Reistna'')<br />— a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] [[colonnade]] on the top of a hill ridge above [[Valtice]] (like a [[gloriette]]) from the 1810s to 1820s
* '''Belvedere'''<br />&nbsp; — a [[belvedere (structure)|belvedere]] landscape element.
* '''Belvedere'''<br />— a [[belvedere (structure)|belvedere]] landscape element.
* '''Rendezvous''' (or Temple of Diana) <br />&nbsp; — a hunting lodge in a form of a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] [[arch]] from the 1810s
* '''Rendezvous''' (or Temple of Diana) <br />— a hunting lodge in a form of a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] [[arch]] from the 1810s
* '''St Hubert Chapel''' (''Kaple svatého Huberta'')<br />&nbsp; — a [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] column structure from the 1850s dedicated to the [[Hubertus|patron saint of hunters]], situated in the Pine wood
* '''St Hubert Chapel''' (''Kaple svatého Huberta'')<br />— a [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] column structure from the 1850s dedicated to the [[Hubertus|patron saint of hunters]], situated in the Pine wood
* '''Border House''' (''Hraniční zámeček'')<br />&nbsp; — a [[Neoclassical architecture|Classicist]] [[chateau]] built in the 1820s directly on the former (until 1920) borderline between [[Lower Austria]] and [[Moravia]]
* '''Border House''' (''Hraniční zámeček'')<br />— a [[Neoclassical architecture|Classicist]] [[chateau]] built in the 1820s directly on the former (until 1920) borderline between [[Lower Austria]] and [[Moravia]]
* '''Temple of the Three Graces''' (''Tři Grácie'')<br />&nbsp; — a semicircle [[gallery (architecture)|gallery]] with allegorical statues of Sciences and [[Muses]] and a statue of the [[Charites|Three Graces]] from the 1820s
[[File:Chrám Tří Grácií, Lednicko-valtický areál.JPG|thumb|Temple of the Three Graces]]
* '''Temple of the Three Graces''' (''Tři Grácie'')<br />— a semicircle gallery with allegorical statues of Sciences and [[Muses]] and a statue of the [[Charites|Three Graces]] from the 1820s
* '''Pond House''' (''Rybniční zámeček'')<br />&nbsp; — at the shore of one of the Lednice Ponds
* '''Pond House''' (''Rybniční zámeček'')<br />— at the shore of one of the Lednice Ponds
[[File:Castle Nový dvůr 01.jpg|thumb|Nový dvůr]]
* '''Nový dvůr''' (German: ''Neuhof'', New Farm)&nbsp; — a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] [[farm]] finished in 1809, originally used for [[sheep husbandry]], nowadays for [[horse breeding]]
* '''Nový dvůr''' (German: ''Neuhof'', New Farm)&nbsp; — a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] [[farm]] finished in 1809, originally used for [[sheep husbandry]], nowadays for [[horse breeding]]
* '''[[Apollo]] Temple''' (''Apollónův chrám'')<br />&nbsp; — a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] hunting lodge from the 1810s, ashore of one of the Lednice Ponds
* '''[[Apollo]] Temple''' (''Apollónův chrám'')<br />— a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] hunting lodge from the 1810s, ashore of one of the Lednice Ponds
* '''Hunting Lodge''' (''Lovecký zámeček'')<br />&nbsp; — a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] house from 1806
* '''Hunting Lodge''' (''Lovecký zámeček'')<br />— a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] house from 1806
* '''John's Castle''' (''Janův hrad'' or ''Janohrad'')<br />&nbsp; — a [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival style]] [[folly (architecture)|folly]] of "artificial ruins" ({{lang-cs|umělá zřícenina}}, {{lang-de|künstliche Ruine}}) in style of a [[castle]], finished in 1810
* '''John's Castle''' (''Janův hrad'' or ''Janohrad'')<br />— a [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival style]] [[folly (architecture)|folly]] of "artificial ruins" ({{langx|cs|umělá zřícenina}}, {{langx|de|künstliche Ruine}}) in style of a [[castle]], finished in 1810
* '''Minaret'''<br />&nbsp; — a [[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival style]] "minaret" [[observation tower]] {{convert|62|m|ft}} high, located in the Lednice Castle garden (finished in 1804), that provides a view of the entire landscape. On clear days the Pálava Hills and Malé [[Carpathian Mountains|Karpaty Mountains]] can also be seen from the towers.
* '''Minaret'''<br />— a [[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival style]] "minaret" [[observation tower]] {{convert|62|m|ft}} high, located in the Lednice Castle garden (finished in 1804), that provides a view of the entire landscape. On clear days the Pálava Hills and Malé [[Carpathian Mountains|Karpaty Mountains]] can also be seen from the towers.
* '''Obelisk'''<br />&nbsp; — an [[obelisk]] erected in memory of the peace [[treaty of Campo Formio]] (1798)
* '''Obelisk'''<br />— an [[obelisk]] erected in memory of the peace [[treaty of Campo Formio]] (1798), the last remaining of the many obelisks originally built by the Liechtensteins in the area.
[[File:Zamek Pohansko 05.jpg|thumb|Pohansko]]
* '''Pohansko'''<br />&nbsp; — an [[Empire (style)|Empire-style]] hunting lodge finished after 1812, it houses an exhibition of [[Břeclav]] Town Museum:<br /> close to the lodge there are both an important archaeological site of [[Great Moravia]]n remains and reconstructed parts of the [[Czechoslovak border fortifications]]
* '''Lány'''<br />&nbsp; — an [[Empire (style)|Empire-style]] hunting lodge from the beginning of the 19th century
* '''Pohansko'''<br />— an [[Empire (style)|Empire-style]] hunting lodge finished after 1812, it houses an exhibition of [[Břeclav]] Town Museum:<br /> close to the lodge there are both an important archaeological site of [[Great Moravia]]n remains and reconstructed parts of the [[Czechoslovak border fortifications]]
* '''Lány'''<br />— an [[Empire (style)|Empire-style]] hunting lodge from the beginning of the 19th century


== Preservation ==
==Preservation==
The garden [[Folly (architecture)|follies]] and the [[Conservatory (greenhouse)|conservatory]] of Lednice Park were listed in the [[1998 World Monuments Watch]] by the [[World Monuments Fund]], for their deteriorating condition resulting from insufficient financial resources.<ref>[http://www.wmf.org/project/lednice-and-valtice-cultural-landscape World Monuments Fund&nbsp;– Lednice and Valtice Cultural Landscape]</ref> The Fund had previously studied the preservation of Lednice and Valtice Castles, and after 1998 it helped fund restoration of the Valtice Rendezvous folly as a demonstration project with support from [[American Express]].<ref>[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20A1FF938580C768EDDAF0894D0494D81 Elaine Louie, New York Times, "Saving Endangered Art and Architecture," June 25, 1998.]</ref>
The garden [[Folly (architecture)|follies]] and the [[Conservatory (greenhouse)|conservatory]] of Lednice Park were listed in the [[1998 World Monuments Watch]] by the [[World Monuments Fund]], because of their deteriorating condition resulting from insufficient financial resources.<ref>[http://www.wmf.org/project/lednice-and-valtice-cultural-landscape World Monuments Fund&nbsp;– Lednice and Valtice Cultural Landscape]</ref> The Fund had previously studied the preservation of Lednice and Valtice Castles, and after 1998 it helped fund restoration of the Valtice Rendezvous folly as a demonstration project with support from [[American Express]].<ref>[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20A1FF938580C768EDDAF0894D0494D81 Elaine Louie, New York Times, "Saving Endangered Art and Architecture," June 25, 1998.]</ref> After the year-to-year tourist season ended in the Czech Republic, the casle was ranked first fas the most visited place in the country, as new attractions were added to the site.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-07 |title=Czech castle season ends: Which was most visited and where to go all year? |url=https://www.expats.cz/czech-news/article/monuments-season-ends-in-czechia-what-was-the-most-visited-castle |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=www.expats.cz |language=en}}</ref>


== See also ==
==See also==
* {{C|Cultural landscapes|Cultural landscapes—related topics}}
* {{C|Cultural landscapes|Cultural landscapes—related topics}}
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic]]


==Gallery ==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
<gallery mode=packed>
Image:Zámek_Lednice.jpg|Lednice Castle
Zámek - Lednice 2.jpg|Lednice Castle
File:Zamek Lednice Morava 4.JPG|Castle Greenhouse in Lednice
Lednice-skleník2009a.jpg|Castle Greenhouse in Lednice
File:Lednice interier skleniku.jpg|Interior of the greenhouse
Lednice interier skleniku.jpg|Interior of the greenhouse
File:Zamek Lednice Morava 40.JPG|From the Lednice Castle garden
Zamek Lednice Morava 40.JPG|From the Lednice Castle garden
File:Zamek Lednice Morava 2.JPG|Lednice Castle<br />Riding-Hall
Lednice riding hall and stables, Lednice, Czech Republic 01.jpg|Lednice Castle<br />Riding-Hall
File:LednickeRybniky.jpg|The ''Prostřední'' (Middle) one of the Lednice Ponds
LednickeRybniky.jpg|The ''Prostřední'' (Middle) one of the Lednice Ponds
Image:Valtice castle courtyard.JPG|Valtice Castle
Valtice castle courtyard.JPG|Valtice Castle
File:Hlohovec cz 01.jpg|Border House.
Hlohovec cz 01.jpg|Border House
File:Janův hrad (4).jpg|John's Castle
Janův hrad (4).jpg|John's Castle
File:Jadgschlösschen.jpg|Hunting Lodge
Jadgschlösschen.jpg|Hunting Lodge
</gallery>
</gallery>


== References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


=== Sources ===
===Sources===
* Kordiovský, Emil&nbsp;– Klanicová Evženie (eds.), ''Město Břeclav'', Muzejní a vlastivědná společnost, Brno (2001).
* Kordiovský, Emil&nbsp;– Klanicová Evženie (eds.), ''Město Břeclav'', Muzejní a vlastivědná společnost, Brno (2001).
* Památkový ústav v Brně: text on the reverse of a tourist map, Shocart, Zlín (1998).
* Památkový ústav v Brně: text on the reverse of a tourist map, Shocart, Zlín (1998).
{{refimprove|date=December 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2014}}


== External links ==
==External links==
{{Commons cat|Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape}}
{{Commons category|Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape}}
*[http://en.czech-unesco.org/lednice-valtice-cultural-landscape/introduction/ UNESCO Czech heritage.org: Official '''Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape''' website]
*[http://en.czech-unesco.org/lednice-valtice-cultural-landscape/introduction/ UNESCO Czech heritage.org: Official '''Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape''' website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110516174301/http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_publication/Conservation%20%26%20Economic%20Enhancement%20Plan%20for%20Valtice%20Zamek%20%26%20Its%20Environs.pdf World Monuments Fund.org: ''Conservation & Economic Enhancement Plan for Valtice Zamek & its Environs,'' 1993.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110516174301/http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_publication/Conservation%20%26%20Economic%20Enhancement%20Plan%20for%20Valtice%20Zamek%20%26%20Its%20Environs.pdf World Monuments Fund.org: ''Conservation & Economic Enhancement Plan for Valtice Zamek & its Environs,'' 1993.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110516174249/http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_publication/lednice.pdf World Monuments Fund.org: ''Conservation & Economic Enhancement Plan for Lednice Zamek & its Environs,'' 1995.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110516174249/http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_publication/lednice.pdf World Monuments Fund.org: ''Conservation & Economic Enhancement Plan for Lednice Zamek & its Environs,'' 1995.]
* [http://www.lednicko-valticky-areal.cz/ Lednicko-valticky-areal.cz" Lednice-Valtice Area]—{{cs icon}}
* [http://www.lednicko-valticky-areal.cz/ Lednicko-valticky-areal.cz" Lednice-Valtice Area]—{{in lang|cs}}


{{World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic}}
{{World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape}}
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in the South Moravian Region]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the South Moravian Region]]
[[Category:Castles in the South Moravian Region]]
[[Category:Castles in the South Moravian Region]]
[[Category:English Landscape Garden style]]
[[Category:Continental gardens in the English Landscape Garden style]]
[[Category:Folly buildings]]
[[Category:Folly buildings]]
[[Category:Parks in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Parks in the Czech Republic]]

Latest revision as of 12:45, 7 November 2024

Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape
UNESCO World Heritage Site
from top: Lednice Castle, Valtice Castle, Rendezvous Pavilion, one of Lednice Ponds, John's Castle, Rajsna Colonnade, Venetian fountain in Lednice Castle garden, view on Lednice Castle park with Minaret
LocationLednice and Valtice, Czech Republic
CriteriaCultural: (i), (ii), (iv)
Reference763
Inscription1996 (20th Session)
Area14,320 ha (35,400 acres)
Coordinates48°46′33″N 16°46′30″E / 48.77583°N 16.77500°E / 48.77583; 16.77500
Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape is located in Czech Republic
Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape
Location of Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape in Czech Republic

The Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape (also Lednice–Valtice Area or Lednice–Valtice Complex, Czech: Lednicko-valtický areál) is a cultural-natural landscape complex of 283.09 square kilometres (109.30 sq mi) in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It comprises the municipalities of Lednice, Valtice and Hlohovec, and the rural area of Břeclav.

In 1996, the Lednice-Valtice Area was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List because of its unique mix of Baroque, Neolassical, and neo-Gothic architecture, and its history as a cultural landscape designed intentionally by a single family.[1] It is adjacent to the Pálava Landscape Protected Area (Pálava Biosphere Reserve), a biosphere reserve registered by UNESCO several years before.[2] The close proximity of two cultural landscapes protected by UNESCO is unique.

History

[edit]

The House of Liechtenstein acquired Valtice (German name: Feldsberg) Castle in 1249, which marked the beginning of their settlement in the area. It remained the principal Liechtenstein residence for 700 years, until 1939 and World War II.[3] Valtice Castle was expanded in late Romanesque style in the first half of the 13th century, but was badly damaged in the Hussite Wars and later rebuilt by Charles I, Prince of Liechtenstein, in the Baroque style. From the 14th century, Lednice (German name: Eisgrub) was a fortified manor belonging to the Valtice estate and from 1680 it was expanded into a palace that was redesigned in a Tudor Gothic Revival style (then: "Old English style") between 1846 and 1858 by Prince Aloys II.

17th–19th centuries

[edit]

The Princes of Liechtenstein transformed their properties Feldsberg (Valtice) and Eisgrub (Lednice) into one large and designed private park between the 17th and 20th centuries. During the 19th century, the princes continued transforming the area as a large traditional English landscape park. Feldsberg was part of Austria until 1919, Eisgrub part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, both member states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire under the Habsburg rule, with the Austrian-Bohemian border running through the park between the two castles. The 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain stipulated that the city of Feldsberg, which in 1910 was about 97% inhabited by German-speaking Lower Austrians, became part of Czechoslovakia.

The Baroque and neo-Gothic architecture of the chateaux are married with smaller buildings and a landscape that was fashioned according to the English principles of landscape architecture.[3]

In 1715 these two chateaux (castles) were connected by a 7 km (4.3 miles) long landscape avenue and road, later renamed for the poet Petr Bezruč, due to his poem Valčice describing a journey to Lednice after tasting vine in Valtice. Whilst both Lednice and Valtice have grown since then, and the road doesn't connect the chateaux as once intended, a large part of this avenue remains in use to this day. The Lednice Ponds are situated between the town of Valtice and villages of Lednice and Hlohovec; as are the Mlýnský, Prostřední, Hlohovecký, and Nesyt Ponds. A substantial part of the cultural landscape complex is covered in pine forests, known as the "Pine−wood" (Boří les), and in areas adjacent to the Thaya River with riparian forests.[3]

20th century

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In 1918 the region became part of new Czechoslovakia. The Liechtenstein family opposed the annexation of Czech territory into Sudetenland by Nazi Germany, and as a consequence their properties were confiscated by the Nazis, and the family then relocated to Vaduz in 1939. After World War II the Beneš decrees resulted in the confiscation of all Liechtenstein property in Czechoslovakia, as the family is seen as German in nationality to this day by the Czech state. The family made several legal attempts for restitution of the properties, but the communist regime was not interested in restitution of property to exiled aristocracy.

After the Czechoslovakian Velvet Revolution in 1989, the Liechtenstein descendants again renewed attempts for restitution, which were repeatedly denied by the Czech state, the present day owner of the properties.[4]

Features

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The principal elements are:

  • Chateau Valtice (German: Schloss Feldsberg) and its contiguous town of Valtice
  • Lednice Castle (German: Schloss Eisgrub) and its contiguous village of Lednice
  • The village of Hlohovec

Pavilions and follies

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St Hubert Chapel

In addition to the castles, there are many large to small residential pavilions located throughout the designed landscape, often serving as chateau or hunting lodges.[5]

Temple of the Three Graces
  • Temple of the Three Graces (Tři Grácie)
    — a semicircle gallery with allegorical statues of Sciences and Muses and a statue of the Three Graces from the 1820s
  • Pond House (Rybniční zámeček)
    — at the shore of one of the Lednice Ponds
Nový dvůr
Pohansko

Preservation

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The garden follies and the conservatory of Lednice Park were listed in the 1998 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, because of their deteriorating condition resulting from insufficient financial resources.[6] The Fund had previously studied the preservation of Lednice and Valtice Castles, and after 1998 it helped fund restoration of the Valtice Rendezvous folly as a demonstration project with support from American Express.[7] After the year-to-year tourist season ended in the Czech Republic, the casle was ranked first fas the most visited place in the country, as new attractions were added to the site.[8]

See also

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[edit]
  • Lednice Castle
    Lednice Castle
  • Castle Greenhouse in Lednice
    Castle Greenhouse in Lednice
  • Interior of the greenhouse
    Interior of the greenhouse
  • From the Lednice Castle garden
    From the Lednice Castle garden
  • Lednice Castle Riding-Hall
    Lednice Castle
    Riding-Hall
  • The Prostřední (Middle) one of the Lednice Ponds
    The Prostřední (Middle) one of the Lednice Ponds
  • Valtice Castle
    Valtice Castle
  • Border House
    Border House
  • John's Castle
    John's Castle
  • Hunting Lodge
    Hunting Lodge

References

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  1. ^ "Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  2. ^ "Pálava Nature Reserve | Mikulov.cz". mikulov.cz. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  3. ^ a b c Sváček, Libor (2015). UNESCO. pp. 60–71. ISBN 978-80-7339-067-9.
  4. ^ "The former Liechtenstein possessions of Lednice-Valtice". Minor Sights. September 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  5. ^ The term zámeček (German: Schlösschen, literally a small château) — is usually translated here as a "manor house" — or a "hunting lodge" (Czech: lovecký zámeček, German: Jagdschlösschen), if it served for hunting.
  6. ^ World Monuments Fund – Lednice and Valtice Cultural Landscape
  7. ^ Elaine Louie, New York Times, "Saving Endangered Art and Architecture," June 25, 1998.
  8. ^ "Czech castle season ends: Which was most visited and where to go all year?". www.expats.cz. 2024-11-07. Retrieved 2024-11-07.

Sources

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  • Kordiovský, Emil – Klanicová Evženie (eds.), Město Břeclav, Muzejní a vlastivědná společnost, Brno (2001).
  • Památkový ústav v Brně: text on the reverse of a tourist map, Shocart, Zlín (1998).
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