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{{short description|King of Holland as Louis II}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2008}}
{{Distinguish|Napoleon}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Louis II
| name = Louis II
|image = Cottrau - Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte (1804-1831).jpg
| image = Napoléon III et l'Italie - Félix Cottrau - Le prince Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte - 001.jpg
|caption =
| caption = Portrait by [[Félix Cottrau]] after [[Jean-Baptiste Wicar]]
|succession = [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands#Kingdom of Holland .281806.E2.80.931810.29|King of Holland]]
| succession = [[Kingdom of Holland|King of Holland]]
|reign = 1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810
| reign = 1 – 13 July 1810
|predecessor = [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I]]
| predecessor = [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I]]|
| successor = [[William I of the Netherlands|William I]] as [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|King of Netherlands]]
|succession1 = [[Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves]]
| succession1 = [[Grand Duchy of Berg|Grand Duke of Berg]]
|reign1 = {{nowrap|3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813}}
| reign1 = 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813
|regent1 = [[Napoleon]]
| regent1 = [[Napoleon]]
|predecessor1 = [[Joachim Murat|Joachim I]]
| predecessor1 = [[Joachim Murat|Joachim]]
|spouse = [[Charlotte Bonaparte]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Charlotte Bonaparte]]|23 July 1826}}
|issue =

|house = [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]
| issue =
|father = [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I of Holland]]
| house = [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]
|mother = [[Hortense de Beauharnais]]
| father = [[Louis Bonaparte]]
|birth_date = 11 October 1804
| mother = [[Hortense de Beauharnais]]
|birth_place = Paris, [[First French Empire]]
| birth_date = 11 October 1804
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1831|3|17|1804|10|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Paris, [[First French Empire]]
|death_place = [[Forlì]], [[Papal States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1831|3|17|1804|10|11|df=yes}}
|burial_place = [[Saint-Leu-la-Forêt]]
| death_place = [[Forlì]], [[Papal States]]
| burial_place = [[Saint-Leu-la-Forêt]]
}}
}}
{{Infobox Dutch Royalty styles|own
{{Infobox Dutch Royalty styles|own
| name = Louis II of Holland
| name = Louis II of Holland
| image = Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg
| image = Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg
| image_size = 70px
| image_size = 70px
| dipstyle = [[Majesty|His Majesty]]
| dipstyle = [[Majesty|His Majesty]]
| offstyle = Your Majesty
| offstyle = Your Majesty
}}
}}
'''Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte''' (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831), also known as ''' Louis II of Holland''', was the middle son of [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I of Holland]] and [[Hortense de Beauharnais]]. His father was the younger brother of [[Napoléon I]] and reigned as [[King of Holland]] from 1806 to 1810, while his mother was the daughter of [[Josephine de Beauharnais]], Napoléon's first wife. He was the older brother of [[Napoleon III|Louis Napoleon Bonaparte]], future Emperor Napoleon III.
'''Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte''' (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) was [[King of Holland]] for less than two weeks in July 1810 as '''Louis II''' ({{langx|nl|Lodewijk II}}). He was a son of [[Louis Bonaparte]] (King Louis I) and [[Queen Hortense]]. His father was the younger brother of [[Napoleon I of France]] who ruled the Napoleonic [[Kingdom of Holland]] from 1806 to 1810. His mother was the daughter of [[Josephine de Beauharnais]], Napoleon's first wife. His younger brother, Louis-Napoléon, became [[Emperor of the French]] in 1852 as [[Napoleon III]].


==Background==
==Biography==
Napoléon Louis's elder brother, [[Napoleon Charles Bonaparte|Napoléon Charles]], died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became [[Crown prince|Prince Royal of Holland]]. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Marie Louise]], gave birth to a son, [[Napoleon II of France|Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte]], who was styled the [[King of the Romans|King of Rome]] and later the Duke of Reichstadt.
Napoléon Louis's brother, [[Napoleon Charles Bonaparte|Napoléon Charles]], died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became [[Crown prince|Prince Royal]] of [[Holland#Under French rule|Holland]]. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Marie Louise]], gave birth to a son, [[Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte]], who was styled the [[King of the Romans|King of Rome]] and later the Duke of Reichstadt.


In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of [[Berg (state)|Berg]], a status he kept until 1813.
In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of [[Berg (state)|Berg]], a status he kept until 1813.


On 1 July 1810, [[Louis I of Holland]] abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis.<ref>{{cite book|author=Foissy, M.|title=La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=coGEwFgMsXgC&pg=PA101|year=1830|publisher=Vergne|location=Paris|language=French|page=101}}</ref> For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the invading French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned as ''Lodewijk II'', King of Holland.
On 1 July 1810, [[Louis I of Holland]] abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis.<ref>{{cite book|author=Foissy, M.|title=La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264|url=https://archive.org/details/lafamillebonapa00foisgoog|year=1830|publisher=Vergne|location=Paris|language=French|page=[https://archive.org/details/lafamillebonapa00foisgoog/page/n109 101]}}</ref> For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the invading French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned as ''Lodewijk II'', King of Holland.


When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the [[House of Bourbon]] was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the [[Napoleonic Empire]].
When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the [[House of Bourbon]] was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the [[Napoleonic Empire]].


Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, [[Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte|Charlotte]], who was the daughter of [[Joseph Bonaparte]], eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother [[Napoléon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the [[Carbonari]], an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy.
On 23 July 1826 Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, [[Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte|Charlotte]], who was the daughter of [[Joseph Bonaparte]], eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother [[Napoléon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the [[Carbonari]], an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy.


On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from [[measles]], died in [[Forlì]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bresler|1999|pp=94–95}}</ref> Eventually, the Napoleonic Empire was restored by Napoléon Louis's younger brother, who became [[Napoléon III]] in 1852.
On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from [[measles]], died in [[Forlì]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bresler |first=Fenton |url=https://archive.org/details/napoleoniiilife0000fent |title=Napoleon III: a life |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-0025-5787-0|pages=94–95}}</ref> Eventually, the French Empire would be restored by Napoléon-Louis's younger brother, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who became [[Napoléon III]] in 1852.


Napoléon Louis is buried at [[Saint-Leu-La-Foret]], [[Île-de-France]].
Napoléon Louis is buried at [[Saint-Leu-la-Forêt]], [[Île-de-France]].


==Gallery==
==Titles and styles==
<gallery class="center">
* '''11 October 1804 – 5 May 1807''': ''His Highness'' Prince Napoléon Louis Bonaparte, Prince Napoleon
File:Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte, by François-Joseph Kinson.jpg|Portrait by [[François Kinson]], {{circa|1810}}
* '''5 May 1807 – 3 March 1809''': ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Napoléon Louis Bonaparte, The Prince Royal of Holland
File:Hector Viger - L'impératrice Joséphine reçoit à la Malmaison la visite du Tsar Alexandre Ier.jpg|With family and [[Emperor Alexander I|Emperor Alexander I of Russia]] at [[Château de Malmaison]]
* '''3 March 1809 – 1 July 1810''': ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Napoléon Louis Bonaparte, The Prince Royal of Holland, Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves
File:Portrait of Louis Bonapart.jpg|Portrait with his father, [[Louis Bonaparte]], by Jean-Baptiste Wicar
* '''1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810''': ''His Majesty'' King Louis II, The King of Holland, Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves
File:Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (1804-1831).jpg|Posthumous portrait, 1858
* '''13 July 1810 – 1 December 1813''': ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Napoléon Louis Bonaparte, The Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves
===Full title as King of Holland===
His Majesty Louis II, By the Grace of God and the Constitution of the Kingdom, King of Holland.

==Arms==
<gallery class=center widths=250 heights=300>
File:Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg
File:Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg
File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland
File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland
</gallery>
</gallery>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte, by François-Joseph Kinson.jpg|Portrait by [[François Kinson]], c.1810
Image:Hector Viger - L'impératrice Joséphine reçoit à la Malmaison la visite du Tsar Alexandre Ier.jpg|With family and [[Emperor Alexander I|Emperor Alexander I of Russia]] at [[Château de Malmaison]]
Image:Napoléon III et l'Italie - Félix Cottrau - Le prince Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte - 001.jpg|Portrait by [[Félix Cottrau]]
Image:Portrait of Louis Bonapart.jpg|Portrait with his father, [[Louis Bonaparte]]
Image:Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (1804-1831).jpg|Napoléon Louis in later years
</gallery>

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Louis II Bonaparte, King of Holland and Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves'''
|2= 2. [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I Bonaparte, King of Holland and Comte de Saint-Leu]]
|3= 3. [[Hortense de Beauharnais]]
|4= 4. [[Carlo Buonaparte]]
|5= 5. [[Letizia Ramolino]]
|6= 6. [[Alexandre, vicomte de Beauharnais]]
|7= 7. [[Joséphine Tascher de La Pagerie]]
|8= 8. [[Giuseppe Maria Buonaparte]]
|9= 9. Maria-Saveria Paravicini
|10= 10. Giovanni Geronimo Ramolino
|11= 11. Angela Maria Pietrasanta
|12= 12. [[Francis V of Beauharnais|François de Beauharnais, marquis de la Ferté-Beauharnais]]
|13= 13. Marie Anne Henriette Françoise de Pyvart de Chastullé
|14= 14. Joseph-Gaspard Tascher de la Pagerie
|15= 15. Rose-Claire des Vergers de Sannois
|16= 16. [[Sebastiano Nicolo Buonaparte]]
|17= 17. Maria-Anna Tusilo di Bocognano
|18= 18. Giuseppe Maria Paravicini
|19= 19. Maria-Angela Salineri
|20= 20. Giovanni-Agostino Ramolino
|21= 21. Angela-Maria Peri
|22= 22. Giuseppe Pietrasanta
|23= 23. Maria-Giuseppe Malerba
|24= 24. [[Claude de Beauharnais (1680–1738)|Claude de Beauharnais, comte des Roches-Baritaud]]
|25= 25. Renée Hardouineau de Laudanière
|26= 26. François-Louis de Pyvart de Chastullé
|27= 27. Jeanne Hardouineau de Laudanière
|28= 28. Gaspard Joseph Tascher de la Pagerie
|29= 29. Françoise Bourreau de la Chevalerie
|30= 30. Joseph François des Vergers de Sannois
|31= 31. Catherine Marie Brown
}}


==References==
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon}}
[[Category:House of Bonaparte|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]]
[[Category:House of Bonaparte|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Dutch monarchs|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]]
[[Category:19th-century Dutch monarchs|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Princes of France (Bonaparte)|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Princes of France (Bonaparte)|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Grand Dukes of Berg and Cleves]]
[[Category:Grand dukes of Berg and Cleves]]
[[Category:People of the Kingdom of Holland]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Holland]]
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:1831 deaths]]
[[Category:1831 deaths]]

Latest revision as of 13:25, 7 November 2024

Not to be confused with Napoleon.
Louis II
Portrait by Félix Cottrau after Jean-Baptiste Wicar
King of Holland
Reign1 – 13 July 1810
PredecessorLouis I
SuccessorWilliam I as King of Netherlands
Grand Duke of Berg
Reign3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813
PredecessorJoachim
RegentNapoleon
Born11 October 1804
Paris, First French Empire
Died17 March 1831(1831-03-17) (aged 26)
Forlì, Papal States
Burial
Saint-Leu-la-Forêt
Spouse
​
(m. 1826)​
HouseBonaparte
FatherLouis Bonaparte
MotherHortense de Beauharnais
Royal styles of
Louis II of Holland
Reference styleHis Majesty
Spoken styleYour Majesty

Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) was King of Holland for less than two weeks in July 1810 as Louis II (Dutch: Lodewijk II). He was a son of Louis Bonaparte (King Louis I) and Queen Hortense. His father was the younger brother of Napoleon I of France who ruled the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland from 1806 to 1810. His mother was the daughter of Josephine de Beauharnais, Napoleon's first wife. His younger brother, Louis-Napoléon, became Emperor of the French in 1852 as Napoleon III.

Biography

[edit]

Napoléon Louis's brother, Napoléon Charles, died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became Prince Royal of Holland. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, Marie Louise, gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, who was styled the King of Rome and later the Duke of Reichstadt.

In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of Berg, a status he kept until 1813.

On 1 July 1810, Louis I of Holland abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis.[1] For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the invading French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned as Lodewijk II, King of Holland.

When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the Battle of Waterloo, the House of Bourbon was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the Napoleonic Empire.

On 23 July 1826 Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, Charlotte, who was the daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the Carbonari, an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy.

On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from measles, died in Forlì.[2] Eventually, the French Empire would be restored by Napoléon-Louis's younger brother, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who became Napoléon III in 1852.

Napoléon Louis is buried at Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, Île-de-France.

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Napoléon Louis Bonaparte.
  1. ^ Foissy, M. (1830). La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264 (in French). Paris: Vergne. p. 101.
  2. ^ Bresler, Fenton (1999). Napoleon III: a life. HarperCollins. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-0-0025-5787-0.
Napoléon Louis Bonaparte
Born: 11 October 1804 Died: 17 March 1831
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Holland
1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810 		Vacant
Title next held by
William I
as King of the Netherlands
Preceded by Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves
3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 		Title abolished
Dutch royalty
Preceded by Heir to the Dutch throne
as Prince Royal of Holland
5 May 1807 – 1 July 1810 		Vacant
Title next held by
William Frederick
as Prince of Orange
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Napoléon_Louis_Bonaparte&oldid=1255957302"