Napoléon Louis Bonaparte: Difference between revisions
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{{short description| |
{{short description|King of Holland as Louis II}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=August 2008}} |
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{{Distinguish|Napoleon}} |
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{{Infobox royalty |
{{Infobox royalty |
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|name |
| name = Louis II |
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|image |
| image = Napoléon III et l'Italie - Félix Cottrau - Le prince Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte - 001.jpg |
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|caption |
| caption = Portrait by [[Félix Cottrau]] after [[Jean-Baptiste Wicar]] |
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|succession |
| succession = [[Kingdom of Holland|King of Holland]] |
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|reign |
| reign = 1 – 13 July 1810 |
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|predecessor |
| predecessor = [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I]]| |
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| successor = [[William I of the Netherlands|William I]] as [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|King of Netherlands]] |
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|succession1 |
| succession1 = [[Grand Duchy of Berg|Grand Duke of Berg]] |
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|reign1 |
| reign1 = 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 |
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|regent1 |
| regent1 = [[Napoleon]] |
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|predecessor1 = [[Joachim Murat|Joachim |
| predecessor1 = [[Joachim Murat|Joachim]] |
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|spouse |
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Charlotte Bonaparte]]|23 July 1826}} |
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{{Infobox Dutch Royalty styles|own |
{{Infobox Dutch Royalty styles|own |
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| name |
| name = Louis II of Holland |
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| image |
| image = Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg |
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| image_size = 70px |
| image_size = 70px |
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| dipstyle |
| dipstyle = [[Majesty|His Majesty]] |
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| offstyle |
| offstyle = Your Majesty |
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}} |
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'''Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte''' (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) was [[King of Holland]] for less than two weeks in July 1810 as '''Louis II'''. He was a son of [[Louis Bonaparte |
'''Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte''' (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) was [[King of Holland]] for less than two weeks in July 1810 as '''Louis II''' ({{langx|nl|Lodewijk II}}). He was a son of [[Louis Bonaparte]] (King Louis I) and [[Queen Hortense]]. His father was the younger brother of [[Napoleon I of France]] who ruled the Napoleonic [[Kingdom of Holland]] from 1806 to 1810. His mother was the daughter of [[Josephine de Beauharnais]], Napoleon's first wife. His younger brother, Louis-Napoléon, became [[Emperor of the French]] in 1852 as [[Napoleon III]]. |
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== |
==Biography== |
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Napoléon Louis's |
Napoléon Louis's brother, [[Napoleon Charles Bonaparte|Napoléon Charles]], died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became [[Crown prince|Prince Royal]] of [[Holland#Under French rule|Holland]]. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Marie Louise]], gave birth to a son, [[Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte]], who was styled the [[King of the Romans|King of Rome]] and later the Duke of Reichstadt. |
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In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of [[Berg (state)|Berg]], a status he kept until 1813. |
In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of [[Berg (state)|Berg]], a status he kept until 1813. |
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When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the [[House of Bourbon]] was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the [[Napoleonic Empire]]. |
When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the [[House of Bourbon]] was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the [[Napoleonic Empire]]. |
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On 23 |
On 23 July 1826 Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, [[Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte|Charlotte]], who was the daughter of [[Joseph Bonaparte]], eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother [[Napoléon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the [[Carbonari]], an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy. |
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On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from [[measles]], died in [[Forlì]].<ref>{{ |
On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from [[measles]], died in [[Forlì]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bresler |first=Fenton |url=https://archive.org/details/napoleoniiilife0000fent |title=Napoleon III: a life |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-0025-5787-0|pages=94–95}}</ref> Eventually, the French Empire would be restored by Napoléon-Louis's younger brother, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who became [[Napoléon III]] in 1852. |
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Napoléon Louis is buried at [[Saint-Leu- |
Napoléon Louis is buried at [[Saint-Leu-la-Forêt]], [[Île-de-France]]. |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery class=center |
<gallery class="center"> |
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File:Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg |
File:Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg |
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File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland |
File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland |
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</gallery> |
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== Gallery == |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Napoléon III et l'Italie - Félix Cottrau - Le prince Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte - 001.jpg|Portrait by [[Félix Cottrau]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon}} |
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[[Category:House of Bonaparte|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]] |
[[Category:House of Bonaparte|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]] |
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[[Category:Dutch monarchs|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]] |
[[Category:19th-century Dutch monarchs|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]] |
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[[Category:Princes of France (Bonaparte)|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]] |
[[Category:Princes of France (Bonaparte)|Napoleon Louis Bonaparte]] |
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[[Category:Grand |
[[Category:Grand dukes of Berg and Cleves]] |
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[[Category:People |
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Holland]] |
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[[Category:1804 births]] |
[[Category:1804 births]] |
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[[Category:1831 deaths]] |
[[Category:1831 deaths]] |
Latest revision as of 13:25, 7 November 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2008) |
Louis II | |
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King of Holland | |
Reign | 1 – 13 July 1810 |
Predecessor | Louis I |
Successor | William I as King of Netherlands |
Grand Duke of Berg | |
Reign | 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 |
Predecessor | Joachim |
Regent | Napoleon |
Born | 11 October 1804 Paris, First French Empire |
Died | 17 March 1831 Forlì, Papal States | (aged 26)
Burial | |
Spouse | |
House | Bonaparte |
Father | Louis Bonaparte |
Mother | Hortense de Beauharnais |
Royal styles of Louis II of Holland | |
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Reference style | His Majesty |
Spoken style | Your Majesty |
Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) was King of Holland for less than two weeks in July 1810 as Louis II (Dutch: Lodewijk II). He was a son of Louis Bonaparte (King Louis I) and Queen Hortense. His father was the younger brother of Napoleon I of France who ruled the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland from 1806 to 1810. His mother was the daughter of Josephine de Beauharnais, Napoleon's first wife. His younger brother, Louis-Napoléon, became Emperor of the French in 1852 as Napoleon III.
Biography
[edit]Napoléon Louis's brother, Napoléon Charles, died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became Prince Royal of Holland. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, Marie Louise, gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, who was styled the King of Rome and later the Duke of Reichstadt.
In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of Berg, a status he kept until 1813.
On 1 July 1810, Louis I of Holland abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis.[1] For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the invading French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned as Lodewijk II, King of Holland.
When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the Battle of Waterloo, the House of Bourbon was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the Napoleonic Empire.
On 23 July 1826 Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, Charlotte, who was the daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the Carbonari, an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy.
On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from measles, died in Forlì.[2] Eventually, the French Empire would be restored by Napoléon-Louis's younger brother, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who became Napoléon III in 1852.
Napoléon Louis is buried at Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, Île-de-France.
Gallery
[edit]-
Portrait by François Kinson, c. 1810
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With family and Emperor Alexander I of Russia at Château de Malmaison
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Portrait with his father, Louis Bonaparte, by Jean-Baptiste Wicar
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Posthumous portrait, 1858
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Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg
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Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland
References
[edit]- ^ Foissy, M. (1830). La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264 (in French). Paris: Vergne. p. 101.
- ^ Bresler, Fenton (1999). Napoleon III: a life. HarperCollins. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-0-0025-5787-0.