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{{Short description|American saxophonist and jazz musician}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
| name = Paul Gonsalves
| name = Paul Gonsalves
| image = Paul Gonsalves.jpg
| image = Paul Gonsalves.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| landscape =
| landscape =
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1920|7|12}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1920|7|12}}
| birth_place = [[Brockton, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| birth_place = [[Brockton, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| origin =
| origin =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1974|5|15|1920|7|12}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1974|5|15|1920|7|12}}
| death_place = London, England
| death_place = London, England
| genre = [[Jazz]], [[Swing music|swing]], [[bebop]]
| genre = [[Jazz]], [[Swing music|swing]], [[bebop]]
| occupation = Musician
| occupation = Musician
| instrument = [[Tenor Saxophone]]
| instrument = [[Tenor saxophone]]
| years_active = 1938–1974
| years_active = 1938–1974
| label = [[RCA Victor]], [[Impulse! Records|Impulse!]], Riviera, [[Black Lion Records|Black Lion]]
| label = [[RCA Victor]], [[Impulse! Records|Impulse!]], Riviera, [[Black Lion Records|Black Lion]]
| associated_acts = Phil Edmonds, [[Sabby Lewis]], [[Count Basie]], [[Dizzy Gillespie]], [[Duke Ellington]]
| past_member_of = [[Sabby Lewis]], [[Count Basie]], [[Dizzy Gillespie]], [[Duke Ellington]]
}}
}}


'''Paul Gonsalves''' ({{birth date|1920|7|12}} – {{death date |1974|5|15}}) was an American [[jazz]] [[saxophone|tenor saxophonist]]<ref>[http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=7099 "Paul Gonsalves", Allaboutjazz.com.]</ref> best known for his association with [[Duke Ellington]]. At the 1956 [[Newport Jazz Festival]], Gonsalves played a 27-chorus solo in the middle of Ellington's "[[Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue]]",<ref>[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p6589/biography|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic biography]</ref> a performance credited with revitalizing Ellington's waning career in the 1950s.<ref>Larson, Thomas E. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kfFgNABSuuUC&pg=PA106&dq=%22Paul+Gonsalves%22++died+OR+death+OR+dead&lr=&cd=32#v=onepage&q=%22Paul%20Gonsalves%22%20died%20OR%20death%20OR%20dead&f=false ''The History and Tradition of Jazz'', p. 106.] Google Books.</ref>
'''Paul Gonsalves''' ({{birth date|1920|7|12}} – {{death date |1974|5|15}}) was an American [[jazz]] [[saxophone|tenor saxophonist]]<ref>[http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=7099 "Paul Gonsalves", Allaboutjazz.com.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915200413/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=7099 |date=September 15, 2009 }}</ref> best known for his association with [[Duke Ellington]]. At the 1956 [[Newport Jazz Festival]], Gonsalves played a 27-chorus solo in the middle of Ellington's "[[Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue]],"<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p6589/biography|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic biography]</ref> a performance credited with revitalizing Ellington's waning career in the 1950s.<ref>Larson, Thomas E. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kfFgNABSuuUC&q=%22Paul+Gonsalves%22+died+OR+death+OR+dead&pg=PA106 ''The History and Tradition of Jazz'', p. 106.] Google Books.</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Born in [[Brockton, Massachusetts|Brockton]], Massachusetts, to [[Cape Verde|Cape Verdean]] parents, Gonsalves' first instrument was the guitar, and as a child he was regularly asked to play Cape Verdean folk songs for his family. He grew up in [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]], and played as a member of the [[Sabby Lewis]] Orchestra. His first professional engagement in [[Boston]] was with the same group on [[tenor saxophone]], in which he played before and after his military service during [[World War II]].<ref>[[Carr, Ian]] and [[Digby Fairweather]], [[Brian Priestley]][https://books.google.com/books?id=I5wrGL-a-Q8C&pg=RA5-PT106&dq=%22Paul+Gonsalves%22++died+OR+death+OR+dead&lr=&cd=46#v=onepage&q=Gonsalves&f=false ''The Rough Guide to Jazz''.] Google Books.</ref> Before joining Duke Ellington's orchestra in 1950, he had also played in big bands led by [[Count Basie]] (1947–1949) and [[Dizzy Gillespie]] (1949–1950).
Born in [[Brockton, Massachusetts|Brockton]], Massachusetts, to Portuguese [[Cape Verde|Cape Verdean]] parents, Gonsalves' first instrument was the guitar, and as a child he was regularly asked to play Cape Verdean folk songs for his family. He grew up in [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]], and played as a member of the [[Sabby Lewis]] Orchestra.<ref name="LarkinGE">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Guinness Publishing]]|date=1992|edition=First|isbn=0-85112-939-0|page=994}}</ref> His first professional engagement in [[Boston]] was with the same group on [[tenor saxophone]], in which he played before and after his military service during [[World War II]].<ref>[[Carr, Ian]] and [[Digby Fairweather]], [[Brian Priestley]][https://books.google.com/books?id=I5wrGL-a-Q8C&q=Gonsalves&pg=RA5-PT106 ''The Rough Guide to Jazz''.] Google Books.</ref> He also played with fellow Cape Verdean Americans in [[Phil Edmund]]'s band in the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Morton|first=John Fass|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MaHTQu65gzcC&q=edmund|title=Backstory in Blue: Ellington at Newport '56|date=2008|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4282-9|pages=137, 140|language=en}}</ref> Before joining Duke Ellington's orchestra in 1950, he also played in big bands led by [[Count Basie]] (1947–1949) and [[Dizzy Gillespie]] (1949–1950).<ref name="LarkinGE"/>


At the 1956 [[Newport Jazz Festival]], Gonsalves' solo in Ellington's song "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue" went through 27 choruses; the publicity from this performance is credited with reviving Ellington's career.<ref>Martin, Henry and Keith Waters [https://books.google.com/books?id=kuz4EHH05I4C&pg=PT179&dq=%22Paul+Gonsalves%22++died+OR+death+OR+dead&lr=&cd=73#v=onepage&q=%22Paul%20Gonsalves%22%20died%20OR%20death%20OR%20dead&f=false ''Jazz: the first 100 years'', Cengage Learning, p. 150.] Google Books.</ref> The performance is captured on the album ''[[Ellington at Newport]]''. Gonsalves was a featured soloist in numerous Ellingtonian settings. He received the nickname "The Strolling Violins" from Ellington for playing solos while walking through the crowd.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PF4xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M3MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7162,2044447&dq=paul-gonsalves+died+%7C+death+%7C+dead&hl=en "Paul Gonsalves, Ellington band saxophonist," May 18, 1974.] ''[[St. Petersburg Times]]''</ref>
At the 1956 [[Newport Jazz Festival]], Gonsalves' solo in Ellington's "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue" went through 27 choruses; the publicity from this performance is credited with reviving Ellington's career.<ref name="LarkinGE"/><ref>Martin, Henry and Keith Waters [https://books.google.com/books?id=kuz4EHH05I4C&q=%22Paul+Gonsalves%22+died+OR+death+OR+dead&pg=PT179 ''Jazz: the first 100 years'', Cengage Learning, p. 150.] Google Books.</ref> The performance is captured on the album ''[[Ellington at Newport]]''. Gonsalves was a featured soloist in numerous Ellingtonian settings.<ref name="LarkinGE"/> He received the nickname "The Strolling Violins" from Ellington for playing solos while walking through the crowd.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PF4xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M3MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7162,2044447&dq=paul-gonsalves+died+%7C+death+%7C+dead&hl=en "Paul Gonsalves, Ellington band saxophonist," May 18, 1974.] ''[[St. Petersburg Times]]''</ref>


Gonsalves died in London a few days before Duke Ellington's death, after a lifetime of addiction to alcohol and narcotics.<ref>''Downbeat'' magazine, March 16, 1961, page 11, reports "Ellingtonians arrested in Vegas" "Ray Nance, Willie Cook. Andrew (Fats) Ford as well as Paul Gonsalves...the sheriff's squad seized...heroin plus hypodermic needles, eye droppers and other paraphernalia of the narcotic user"</ref> [[Mercer Ellington]] refused to tell Duke of the passing of Gonsalves, fearing the shock might further accelerate his father's decline. Ellington and Gonsalves, along with trombonist [[Tyree Glenn]], lay side-by-side in the same New York funeral home for a period of time.<ref>Hasse, John Edward [https://books.google.com/books?id=kAvP43QuUyEC&pg=PA385&dq=%22Paul+Gonsalves%22++died+OR+death+OR+dead&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=%22Paul%20Gonsalves%22%20died%20OR%20death%20OR%20dead&f=false ''Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington'', Da Capo Press, p. 385.] Google Books.</ref>
Gonsalves died in London ten days before Duke Ellington's death, after a lifetime of addiction to alcohol and narcotics.<ref name="LarkinGE"/><ref>''Downbeat'' magazine, March 16, 1961, page 11, reports "Ellingtonians arrested in Vegas" "Ray Nance, Willie Cook. Andrew (Fats) Ford as well as Paul Gonsalves...the sheriff's squad seized...heroin plus hypodermic needles, eye droppers and other paraphernalia of the narcotic user"</ref> [[Mercer Ellington]] refused to tell Duke of the passing of Gonsalves, fearing the shock might further accelerate his father's decline. Ellington and Gonsalves, along with trombonist [[Tyree Glenn]], lay side by side in the same New York funeral home for a period of time.<ref>Hasse, John Edward [https://books.google.com/books?id=kAvP43QuUyEC&q=%22Paul+Gonsalves%22+died+OR+death+OR+dead&pg=PA385 ''Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington'', Da Capo Press, p. 385.] Google Books.</ref>


Gonsalves is buried at the [[Long Island National Cemetery]] in [[Farmingdale, New York]].
Gonsalves is buried at the [[Long Island National Cemetery]] in [[Farmingdale, New York]].
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* ''[[Tenor Stuff]]'' (1961, [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]) – with [[Harold Ashby]]
* ''[[Tenor Stuff]]'' (1961, [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]) – with [[Harold Ashby]]
* ''[[Tell It the Way It Is!]]'' (1963, [[Impulse! Records|Impulse]])
* ''[[Tell It the Way It Is!]]'' (1963, [[Impulse! Records|Impulse]])
* ''[[Cleopatra Feelin' Jazzy|Cleopatra – Feelin' Jazzy]]'' (1963, Impulse)
* ''[[Cleopatra Feelin' Jazzy]]'' (1963, Impulse)
* ''[[Salt and Pepper (album)|Salt and Pepper]]'' (1963, Impulse) – with [[Sonny Stitt]]
* ''[[Salt and Pepper (album)|Salt and Pepper]]'' (1963, Impulse) – with [[Sonny Stitt]]
* ''[[Rare Paul Gonsalves Sextet in Europe]]'' (1963, Jazz Connoisseur)
* ''[[Rare Paul Gonsalves Sextet in Europe]]'' (1963, Jazz Connoisseur)
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* ''Sitting In'' (Paul Gonsalves and Clyde Fats Wright) (2014, Silk City)
* ''Sitting In'' (Paul Gonsalves and Clyde Fats Wright) (2014, Silk City)


===As sideman===
'''With Duke Ellington'''
'''With Duke Ellington'''
{{Main|Duke Ellington discography}}
{{Main|Duke Ellington discography}}
*''[[Ellington at Newport]]'' (1956)
*''[[Ellington at Newport]]'' (Columbia, 1956)
*''[[All Star Road Band]]'' (Doctor Jazz, 1957 [1983])
*''[[All Star Road Band Volume 2]]'' (Doctor Jazz, 1964 [1985])
*''[[Hot Summer Dance]]'' (Red Baron, 1960 [1991])
*Live At The Crystal Gardens 1952
*Jazz Party in Stereo (Columbia, 1959)
*Harlem 1964
*Ella and Duke at the Côte d'Azur 1966
*The Far East Suite 1966
*Liederhalle Stuttgart 1967
*Live At The Opernhaus Cologne 1969
*70th Birthday Concert 1969
*[[Featuring Paul Gonsalves]] (Fantasy, 1985)
'''With [[Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis]]'''
'''With [[Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis]]'''
*''[[Love Calls]]'' (RCA Victor, 1968)
*''[[Love Calls]]'' (RCA Victor, 1968)
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'''With [[Clark Terry]]'''
'''With [[Clark Terry]]'''
*''[[Duke with a Difference]]'' (Riverside, 1957)
*''[[Duke with a Difference]]'' (Riverside, 1957)
*''[[Diminuendo, Crescendo And Blues]]'' (RCA Victor, 1958)
'''With [[Jimmy Woode]]'''
'''With [[Jimmy Woode]]'''
*''[[The Colorful Strings of Jimmy Woode]]'' (Argo, 1957)
*''[[The Colorful Strings of Jimmy Woode]]'' (Argo, 1957)
;With [[Joya Sherrill]]
*''[[Joya Sherrill Sings Duke]]'' (20th Century Fox, 1965)


==References==
==References==
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{{Duke Ellington}}
{{Duke Ellington}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gonsalves, Paul}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gonsalves, Paul}}
⚫
[[Category:1920 births]]
⚫
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:Swing saxophonists]]
[[Category:Swing saxophonists]]
[[Category:Bebop saxophonists]]
[[Category:Bebop saxophonists]]
[[Category:Mainstream jazz saxophonists]]
[[Category:Mainstream jazz saxophonists]]
[[Category:American jazz tenor saxophonists]]
[[Category:American jazz tenor saxophonists]]
⚫
[[Category:American male saxophonists]]
[[Category:Duke Ellington Orchestra members]]
[[Category:Duke Ellington Orchestra members]]
[[Category:Count Basie Orchestra members]]
[[Category:Count Basie Orchestra members]]
⚫
[[Category:1920 births]]
⚫
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:American people of Cape Verdean descent]]
[[Category:American musicians of Cape Verdean descent]]
[[Category:American musicians of Cape Verdean descent]]
[[Category:American musicians of Portuguese descent]]
[[Category:Musicians from Brockton, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Musicians from Brockton, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Impulse! Records artists]]
[[Category:Impulse! Records artists]]
[[Category:20th-century American musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American saxophonists]]
[[Category:Jazz musicians from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:American male jazz musicians]]
[[Category:Black Lion Records artists]]
[[Category:20th-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:American people of Portuguese descent]]

Latest revision as of 20:23, 7 November 2024

Paul Gonsalves
Background information
Born(1920-07-12)July 12, 1920
Brockton, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedMay 15, 1974(1974-05-15) (aged 53)
London, England
GenresJazz, swing, bebop
OccupationMusician
InstrumentTenor saxophone
Years active1938–1974
LabelsRCA Victor, Impulse!, Riviera, Black Lion
Formerly ofSabby Lewis, Count Basie, Dizzy Gillespie, Duke Ellington

Paul Gonsalves ((1920-07-12)July 12, 1920 – (1974-05-15)May 15, 1974) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist[1] best known for his association with Duke Ellington. At the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival, Gonsalves played a 27-chorus solo in the middle of Ellington's "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue,"[2] a performance credited with revitalizing Ellington's waning career in the 1950s.[3]

Biography

[edit]

Born in Brockton, Massachusetts, to Portuguese Cape Verdean parents, Gonsalves' first instrument was the guitar, and as a child he was regularly asked to play Cape Verdean folk songs for his family. He grew up in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and played as a member of the Sabby Lewis Orchestra.[4] His first professional engagement in Boston was with the same group on tenor saxophone, in which he played before and after his military service during World War II.[5] He also played with fellow Cape Verdean Americans in Phil Edmund's band in the 1940s.[6] Before joining Duke Ellington's orchestra in 1950, he also played in big bands led by Count Basie (1947–1949) and Dizzy Gillespie (1949–1950).[4]

At the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival, Gonsalves' solo in Ellington's "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue" went through 27 choruses; the publicity from this performance is credited with reviving Ellington's career.[4][7] The performance is captured on the album Ellington at Newport. Gonsalves was a featured soloist in numerous Ellingtonian settings.[4] He received the nickname "The Strolling Violins" from Ellington for playing solos while walking through the crowd.[8]

Gonsalves died in London ten days before Duke Ellington's death, after a lifetime of addiction to alcohol and narcotics.[4][9] Mercer Ellington refused to tell Duke of the passing of Gonsalves, fearing the shock might further accelerate his father's decline. Ellington and Gonsalves, along with trombonist Tyree Glenn, lay side by side in the same New York funeral home for a period of time.[10]

Gonsalves is buried at the Long Island National Cemetery in Farmingdale, New York.

Discography

[edit]

As leader/co-leader

[edit]

As sideman

[edit]

With Duke Ellington

Main article: Duke Ellington discography

With Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis

With Johnny Hodges

With John Lewis

With Billy Taylor

With Clark Terry

With Jimmy Woode

With Joya Sherrill

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Paul Gonsalves", Allaboutjazz.com. Archived September 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Allmusic biography
  3. ^ Larson, Thomas E. The History and Tradition of Jazz, p. 106. Google Books.
  4. ^ a b c d e Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 994. ISBN 0-85112-939-0.
  5. ^ Carr, Ian and Digby Fairweather, Brian PriestleyThe Rough Guide to Jazz. Google Books.
  6. ^ Morton, John Fass (2008). Backstory in Blue: Ellington at Newport '56. Rutgers University Press. pp. 137, 140. ISBN 978-0-8135-4282-9.
  7. ^ Martin, Henry and Keith Waters Jazz: the first 100 years, Cengage Learning, p. 150. Google Books.
  8. ^ "Paul Gonsalves, Ellington band saxophonist," May 18, 1974. St. Petersburg Times
  9. ^ Downbeat magazine, March 16, 1961, page 11, reports "Ellingtonians arrested in Vegas" "Ray Nance, Willie Cook. Andrew (Fats) Ford as well as Paul Gonsalves...the sheriff's squad seized...heroin plus hypodermic needles, eye droppers and other paraphernalia of the narcotic user"
  10. ^ Hasse, John Edward Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington, Da Capo Press, p. 385. Google Books.
[edit]
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