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{{short description|Pakistani Pashto and Urdu language poet}}
{{short description|Afghan Pashto Poet}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
Line 5: Line 5:
امیر حمزہ شینواری
امیر حمزہ شینواری
حمزہ بابا شینواری
حمزہ بابا شینواری
| native_name = Hamza BaBa
| birth_date = 1907
| birth_date = 1907
| birth_place = [[Landi Kotal]], [[North-West Frontier Province|NWFP]], [[British India]] {{small|(Now, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| birth_place = [[Landi Kotal]], [[North-West Frontier Province|NWFP]], [[British India]] {{small|(Now, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| death_date = 18 February 1994
| death_date = 18 February 1994
| resting_place = [[Landi Kotal]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]
| resting_place = [[Landi Kotal]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]
| burial_place = [[Landi Kotal]], [[Khyber District]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]
| known_for = [[Pashto]] and [[Urdu]] poetry
| known_for = [[Pashto]] and [[Urdu]] poetry
| notable_works = Ghazawanay, Baheer, Yoon, Tazkira-e-Satariya, Tajaliyat-e-Muhammadia, Kulyaat, etc.
| notable_works = {{ubl|Ghazawanay|Baheer|Yoon|Tazkira-e-Satariya|Tajaliyat-e-Muhammadia|Kulyaat}}
| parents = Bazmeer Khan
}}
}}


Amir Hamza Khan Shinwari ([[Pashto]], اميرحمزه خان), commonly known as '''Hamza Baba''' ([[Pashto]], حمزه بابا), was a prominent [[Pashto]] and [[Urdu]] language poet. His books are taught on master levels in University of Peshawar. He is considered a bridge between classic [[Pashto literature]] and [[modern literature]]. He founded ''Khyber School of thought'' in Pashto literature. Most notable poets of this school of thought like Nazir Shinwari, Khatir Afridi, Khyber Afridi were his pupils.{{cn|date=July 2022}}
'''Amir Hamza Khan Shinwari''' ({{langx|ps|اميرحمزه خان}}), commonly known as '''Hamza Baba''' ({{lang|ps|حمزه بابا}}) was a prominent [[Pashto]] poet, playwright and author. His works are studied at Master-level at the [[University of Peshawar]]. He is considered a bridge between classic [[Pashto literature]] and modern forms. {{cn span|He founded the ''Khyber School'' in Pashto literature. A number of notable poets of this school, such as Nazir Shinwari, Khatir Afridi, and Khyber Afridi were his pupils.|date=July 2022}}


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Hamza was born in [[Landi Kotal]], [[Khyber District]],<ref name="dawn"/> as the fourth of five sons in the house of Malik Bazmir Khan. The family was known for upholding [[Pashtunwali]] tradition. Orphaned early in life, he was raised by an elder brother, Bawar Khan. His early experience of formal education set the pattern for the remainder of his schooling. His primary-school teacher set the six-year-old to writing out the alphabet; Hamza received rather severe punishment when he instead followed his artistic inclinations and drew human figures. The incident deterred him from attending school; from this young age he would roam the local area, returning home at the same time as his school fellows. When his long-term absence from school was noted, his brother enrolled him in the [[Islamia Collegiate School]] in [[Peshawar]]. To attend, Hamza had to board in a hostel in the city. He endured what was for him a miserable experience for as long as he could, leaving school permanently during the tenth grade.<ref name=intro>{{cite book |author1=Raj Wali Shah Khattak |title=Introduction to Pashtun Culture |date=2010 |publisher=University Publishers |location=Peshawar |pages=126–132 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/194097011IntroductionToPashtunCulture/page/n69/ |chapter=Hamza Shinwari (1907-1994): A Biographical Sketch}}</ref>
Shinwari was born in [[Landi Kotal]], [[Khyber Agency|Khyber district]], as the fifth son of Brameer Khan.{{cn|date=July 2022}}


⚫
== Career ==
In 1915, he enrolled in a primary school. When the teacher asked him to write the [[Urdu]] alphabet he instead displayed his artistic abilities and drew a human figure.{{cn|date=July 2022}}
As early as the fifth grade Hamza began writing poetry in Urdu; at this time there was little verse published in Pashto. When his {{transl|ar|[[murshid]]}} (spiritual guide), Khawaja Syed Abdul Sattar Shah, advised him to write in his [[First language|mother tongue]] [[Pashto]], he followed that guidance.<ref name="tanqeed">{{cite magazine |last1=Caron |first1=James |title=The Lives of Amir Hamza Shinwari |url=https://www.tanqeed.org/2016/02/personal-history-against-an-imperial-border-the-lives-of-amir-hamza-shinwari/ |magazine=Tanqeed |issue=10 |date=February 2016 |orig-date=Print issue: Winter 2015}}</ref> One reviewer commented in 2011:<ref name="dawn"/>{{bq|1=Baba may not have been a first-rate Urdu poet, but once he started composing verses in Pashto, he perfected Pashto ghazal to the extent that Pashtun critics conferred on him the title, Baba-e-Pashto ghazal.|2=From ''Dawn'''s ''Inpaper'' magazine (2011)}}


⚫
When Shinwari worked on the railways, he had very little money. He received a low-income certificate and quit. He travelled to [[Mumbai]] to work in the film industry but failed to establish himself.<ref name=intro/>
He went to [[Islamia Collegiate School]] in the [[fifth grade]] and started writing poetry in Urdu. Once his teacher Khawaja Syed Abdul Sattar Shah advised him to write in his [[First language|mother tongue]] [[Pashto language|Pashto]].{{cn|date=July 2022}} As he was not proficient in Urdu, he obeyed his teacher's instructions and began writing in [[Pashto]].{{cn|date=July 2022}}


Hamza's literary influences included Mirza Khan Ansari and [[Khushal Khan Khattak]].<ref name="tanqeed"/> In the early 1940s, his poetry focused on romanticism. He wrote about different aspects of romance.
⚫
== Career ==
⚫
When Shinwari worked on the railways, he had very little money. He received a low-income certificate and quit. He travelled to [[Mumbai]] to work in the film industry, but failed to establish himself.{{cn|date=July 2022}} Hamza was inspired by Mirza Khan Ansari and [[Khushal Khan Khattak]].{{cn|date=July 2022}} In the early 1940s, his poetry focused on romanticism. He wrote about different aspects of romance.


Hamza was also a critic and a playwright, producing 200 plays for [[Radio Pakistan]], features, critical essays, and research papers for different literary newspapers of [[Pakistan]].{{cn|date=July 2022}}
Hamza was also a critic and a playwright, producing 200 plays for [[Radio Pakistan]], features, critical essays, and research papers for different literary newspapers of [[Pakistan]].<ref name="dawn"/>


== Influence ==
== Influence ==
He belonged to the [[Shinwari (Pashtun tribe)|Shinwari tribe]] of the ethnic [[Pashtuns]]. His work is considered a fusion between classic and modern poetry. He wrote classical [[poetry]], blended it with recent innovations, and introduced new ideas in [[Pashto language|Pashto]] [[Ghazals]]. He is also known as the father of Pashto Ghazals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=father of Pashto Ghazals|date=6 March 2011 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/611114/poetry-celebrating-the-father-of-pashto-ghazal}}</ref>
He belonged to the [[Shinwari|Shinwari tribe]] of the ethnic [[Pashtuns]]. His work is considered a fusion between classic and modern poetry. He wrote classical [[poetry]], blended it with recent innovations, and introduced new ideas in Pashtan [[ghazal]]s. He is also known as the father of Pashto Ghazals.<ref name="dawn">{{cite magazine |title=Celebrating the father of Pashto ghazal |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/611114/poetry-celebrating-the-father-of-pashto-ghazal |magazine=Dawn Magazine |date=6 March 2011 |language=en}}</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
Hamza lived in [[Landi Kotal]]; his home was in Muhalla Sakhi Shah Mardan. He died in February 1994 and is buried in [[Khyber Agency]].{{cn|date=July 2022}}
Hamza lived in Landi Kotal; {{cn span|his home was in Muhalla Sakhi Shah Mardan.|date=July 2022}} He died in February 1994 and is buried in [[Khyber District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile: Ameer Hamza Shinwari |url=https://thepeshawar.com/thekhyber/thekhyber-march-2013/profile-ameer-hamza-shinwari/ |website=The Peshawar |date=30 March 2013}}</ref>


He lived for almost more than 30 years in Mardan, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].{{cn|date=July 2022}}
He lived for some thirty years in Mardan, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].{{cn|date=July 2022}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news |title=Death anniversary of Pashto poet Amir Hamza Shinwari observed |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/19-Feb-2021/death-anniversary-of-pashto-poet-amir-hamza-shinwari-observed |work=The Nation |date=19 February 2021}}
* {{cite news |author1=Mohammad Taqi |title=Baheer: three currents of Hamza Shinwari's poetry |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/111243/baheer-three-currents-of-hamza-shinwaris-poetry/ |work=Daily Times |date=27 July 2011 |id=[Opinion-editorial]}}


==External links==
==External links==
* Shinwari poem "''ځم''" at [http://www.chakdara.com/pushto-poetry/ameer-hamza-shinwari.php Chakdara.com]
* Hamza Shinwari poem {{lang|ps|ځم}} at [http://www.chakdara.com/pushto-poetry/ameer-hamza-shinwari.php Chakdara.com]


{{Pashto literature}}
{{Pashto literature}}

Latest revision as of 22:56, 7 November 2024

Ameer Hamza Shinwari

امیر حمزہ شینواری

حمزہ بابا شینواری
Hamza BaBa
Born1907
Landi Kotal, NWFP, British India (Now, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Died18 February 1994
Burial placeLandi Kotal, Khyber District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Known forPashto and Urdu poetry
Notable work
  • Ghazawanay
  • Baheer
  • Yoon
  • Tazkira-e-Satariya
  • Tajaliyat-e-Muhammadia
  • Kulyaat

Amir Hamza Khan Shinwari (Pashto: اميرحمزه خان), commonly known as Hamza Baba (حمزه بابا) was a prominent Pashto poet, playwright and author. His works are studied at Master-level at the University of Peshawar. He is considered a bridge between classic Pashto literature and modern forms. He founded the Khyber School in Pashto literature. A number of notable poets of this school, such as Nazir Shinwari, Khatir Afridi, and Khyber Afridi were his pupils.[citation needed]

Early life

[edit]

Hamza was born in Landi Kotal, Khyber District,[1] as the fourth of five sons in the house of Malik Bazmir Khan. The family was known for upholding Pashtunwali tradition. Orphaned early in life, he was raised by an elder brother, Bawar Khan. His early experience of formal education set the pattern for the remainder of his schooling. His primary-school teacher set the six-year-old to writing out the alphabet; Hamza received rather severe punishment when he instead followed his artistic inclinations and drew human figures. The incident deterred him from attending school; from this young age he would roam the local area, returning home at the same time as his school fellows. When his long-term absence from school was noted, his brother enrolled him in the Islamia Collegiate School in Peshawar. To attend, Hamza had to board in a hostel in the city. He endured what was for him a miserable experience for as long as he could, leaving school permanently during the tenth grade.[2]

Career

[edit]

As early as the fifth grade Hamza began writing poetry in Urdu; at this time there was little verse published in Pashto. When his murshid (spiritual guide), Khawaja Syed Abdul Sattar Shah, advised him to write in his mother tongue Pashto, he followed that guidance.[3] One reviewer commented in 2011:[1]

Baba may not have been a first-rate Urdu poet, but once he started composing verses in Pashto, he perfected Pashto ghazal to the extent that Pashtun critics conferred on him the title, Baba-e-Pashto ghazal.

— From Dawn's Inpaper magazine (2011)

When Shinwari worked on the railways, he had very little money. He received a low-income certificate and quit. He travelled to Mumbai to work in the film industry but failed to establish himself.[2]

Hamza's literary influences included Mirza Khan Ansari and Khushal Khan Khattak.[3] In the early 1940s, his poetry focused on romanticism. He wrote about different aspects of romance.

Hamza was also a critic and a playwright, producing 200 plays for Radio Pakistan, features, critical essays, and research papers for different literary newspapers of Pakistan.[1]

Influence

[edit]

He belonged to the Shinwari tribe of the ethnic Pashtuns. His work is considered a fusion between classic and modern poetry. He wrote classical poetry, blended it with recent innovations, and introduced new ideas in Pashtan ghazals. He is also known as the father of Pashto Ghazals.[1]

Personal life

[edit]

Hamza lived in Landi Kotal; his home was in Muhalla Sakhi Shah Mardan.[citation needed] He died in February 1994 and is buried in Khyber District.[4]

He lived for some thirty years in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Celebrating the father of Pashto ghazal". Dawn Magazine. 6 March 2011.
  2. ^ a b Raj Wali Shah Khattak (2010). "Hamza Shinwari (1907-1994): A Biographical Sketch". Introduction to Pashtun Culture. Peshawar: University Publishers. pp. 126–132.
  3. ^ a b Caron, James (February 2016) [Print issue: Winter 2015]. "The Lives of Amir Hamza Shinwari". Tanqeed. No. 10.
  4. ^ "Profile: Ameer Hamza Shinwari". The Peshawar. 30 March 2013.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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