Jump to content

Government of North Korea: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
5,358,699 edits
Add: date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | #UCB_toolbar
Formatting for Korea-related articles, replaced: (판사) → ({{Korean|hangul=판사|labels=no}}) (2), Kim Jong-un → Kim Jong Un, 2001-2009 → 2001–2009, Chosun Ilbo → The Chosun Ilbo, North Korea → North Korea, Kim Yo-jong →
 
(65 intermediate revisions by 46 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{more citations needed|date=October 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox communist government
{{Infobox communist government
| government_name = Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| government_name = Government of the<br/>Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| image = Emblem of North Korea.svg
| image = Emblem of North Korea.svg
| caption = Emblem of North Korea
| caption = Emblem of North Korea
| date = 9 September 1948
| date = 9 September 1948
| url =
| url =
| legislature = [[Supreme People's Assembly]]
| legislature = {{nowrap|[[Supreme People's Assembly]]}}

| party = [[Workers' Party of Korea]]
| party = [[Workers' Party of Korea]]
| leader_title = [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea|General Secretary]]
| leader_title = [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea|General Secretary]]
| leader_name = [[Kim Jong-un]]
| leader_name = [[Kim Jong Un]]
| executive = [[State Affairs Commission of North Korea|State Affairs Commission]]<br/>[[Cabinet of North Korea|Cabinet]]
| executive = [[State Affairs Commission of North Korea|State Affairs Commission]]<br/>[[Cabinet of North Korea|Cabinet]]
| president_title = [[President of the State Affairs Commission|President of State Affairs]]
| president_title = {{nowrap|[[President of the State Affairs Commission|President of State Affairs]]&nbsp;}}
| president_name = [[Kim Jong-un]]
| president_name = [[Kim Jong Un]]
| premier_title = [[Premier of North Korea|Cabinet Premier]]
| premier_title = [[Premier of North Korea|Cabinet Premier]]
| premier_name = [[Kim Tok-hun]]
| premier_name = [[Kim Tok-hun]]
Line 21: Line 20:
| military = [[Korean People's Army]]
| military = [[Korean People's Army]]
| commander_title = [[Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|Supreme Commander]]
| commander_title = [[Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|Supreme Commander]]
| commander_name = [[Kim Jong-un]]
| commander_name = [[Kim Jong Un]]
}}
}}
{{Politics of North Korea|expanded=Government}}
{{Politics of North Korea|expanded=Government}}
In the '''North Korean government''', [[Cabinet of North Korea|the Cabinet]] is the administrative and [[Executive branch|executive body]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16370671 |title=North Korea names Kim Jong-un army commander |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=2011-12-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16370671 |archive-date=2012-01-14 }}</ref> The [[North Korea]]n [[government]] consists of three branches: administrative, legislative, and [[Judiciary of North Korea|judicial]]. However, they are not independent of each other.<ref>Teen Life in Asia By Judith J. Slater</ref>
In the '''North Korean government''', [[Cabinet of North Korea|the Cabinet]] is the administrative and [[Executive branch|executive body]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16370671 |title=North Korea names Kim Jong-un army commander |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=2011-12-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16370671 |archive-date=2012-01-14 }}</ref> The [[North Korea]]n [[government]] consists of three branches: administrative, legislative, and [[Judiciary of North Korea|judicial]]. However, they are not independent of each other, but all branches are under the exclusive political leadership of the [[Workers' Party of Korea]] (WPK).<ref>Teen Life in Asia By Judith J. Slater</ref>


==Institutions==
==Institutions==
The leader must work through various agents and their institutions, which has the power to delay, modify, or even resist the leader's orders. These institutions may set the overall tone and direction for North Korea's foreign and domestic policy, make suggestions, offer policy options, and lobby Kim himself.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=David C. |title=They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea- A Review Essay |journal=International Security |volume= 36| issue = 3 |pages= 148}}</ref>
The leader must work through various agents and their institutions, which has the power to delay, modify, or even resist the leader's orders. These institutions may set the overall tone and direction for North Korea's foreign and domestic policy, make suggestions, offer policy options, and lobby Kim himself.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=David C. |title=They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea- A Review Essay |journal=International Security |volume= 36| issue = 3 |pages= 148}}</ref>


The government is also confirmed by the [[Supreme People's Assembly]] (SPA). The [[Premier of North Korea|Premier]], who appoints three Vice Premiers and the government's ministers, heads the cabinet. The government is dominated by the ruling [[Workers' Party of Korea]] (WPK) and has been since North Korea's inception in 1948.
The government is also confirmed by the [[Supreme People's Assembly]] (SPA). The [[Premier of North Korea|Premier]], who appoints three [[Vice Premier of North Korea|Vice Premiers]] and the government's ministers, heads the cabinet. The government is dominated by the ruling [[Workers' Party of Korea]] (WPK) and has been since North Korea's inception in 1948.


[[Cabinet of North Korea|The Cabinet]] now has the right to supervise and control the [[Provisional People's Committee for North Korea]] (LPC) with regard to local economies and administration. As the State Administrative Council (SAC) was replaced by the Cabinet, the Local Administrative and Economic Committee (LAEC) was abolished and its functions regarding local politics transferred to the LPC. Under WPK former General Secretary [[Kim Jong-il]], the cabinet's power was elevated to equal status with [[Workers' Party of Korea]] (WPK) and [[Korean People's Army Ground Force]]. (KPA)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=David C. |title=They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea- A Review Essay |journal=International Security |volume= 36| issue = 3 |pages= 147}}</ref>
[[Cabinet of North Korea|The Cabinet]] has the right to supervise and control the [[Local People's Committee]] (LPC,지방인민위원회) with regard to local economies and administration. As the [[State Administrative Council (North Korea)|State Administrative Council]] (SAC,정무원) was replaced by the Cabinet, the [[Local Administrative and Economic Committee]] (LAEC,지방행정경제위원회) was abolished and its functions regarding local politics transferred to the LPC. Under WPK former General Secretary [[Kim Jong Il]], the cabinet's power was elevated to equal status with Workers' Party of Korea and [[Korean People's Army Ground Force]] (KPA).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=David C. |title=They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea- A Review Essay |journal=International Security |volume= 36| issue = 3 |pages= 147}}</ref>


A party chief secretary no longer concurrently holds the post of LPC chairman, which has been taken over by a former LAEC chairman. Thus, the LPC is theoretically independent of the local party and is under the control of the Cabinet. The status of the LPC as the local executive organ, in principle, became higher than before.
A party chief secretary no longer concurrently holds the post of LPC chairman, which has been taken over by a former LAEC chairman. Thus, the LPC is theoretically independent of the local party and is under the control of the Cabinet. The status of the LPC as the local executive organ, in principle, became higher than before.
Line 40: Line 39:
|access-date=2013-04-15
|access-date=2013-04-15
|date=2013-03-22
|date=2013-03-22
|publisher=[[Chosun Ilbo]]
|publisher=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]
|url-status=live
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506212828/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/03/22/2013032201056.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506212828/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/03/22/2013032201056.html
Line 48: Line 47:
===Judiciary===
===Judiciary===
{{main|Judiciary of North Korea}}
{{main|Judiciary of North Korea}}
[[Judiciary of North Korea|North Korea's judiciary]] is headed by the [[Supreme Court of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea]], which consists of a Chief Justice and two People's Assessors; three judges may be present in some cases.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/north_korea.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408053124/http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/north_korea.htm |archive-date=2013-04-08 }}</ref> Their terms of office coincide with those of the members of the Supreme People's Assembly. Every court in North Korea has the same composition as the Central Court. The judicial system is theoretically held accountable to the SPA and the Presidium of the SPA when the legislature is not in session.
[[Judiciary of North Korea|North Korea's judiciary]] is headed by the [[Central Court (North Korea)|Central Court]], which consists of a Chief Justice ({{Korean|hangul=판사|labels=no}}) and two People's Assessors ({{Korean|hangul=인민참심원|labels=no}}); three judges may be present in some cases.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/north_korea.htm |title=GlobaLex - Overview of the North Korean Legal System and Legal Research |access-date=2013-05-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408053124/http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/north_korea.htm |archive-date=2013-04-08 }}</ref> Their terms of office coincide with those of the members of the Supreme People's Assembly. Every court in North Korea has the same composition as the Central Court. The judicial system is theoretically held accountable to the SPA and the [[Presidium of the SPA]] when the legislature is not in session.


The judiciary does not practice [[judicial review]]. The security forces so often interfere with the actions of the judiciary that the conclusion of most cases is foregone; experts outside North Korea and numerous defectors confirm this to be a widespread problem.<ref name=state>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61612.htm |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices |publisher=U.S. Department of State |access-date=2006-02-22 |date=March 8, 2006 }}</ref> Freedom House states that, "North Korea does not have an independent judiciary and does not acknowledge individual rights...reports of arbitrary detentions, 'disappearances,' and extrajudicial killings are common; torture is widespread and severe"<ref name=fh>{{cite web|url=http://freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6993 |title=Freedom in the World, 2006 |publisher=Freedom House |access-date=2007-02-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714213705/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6993 |archive-date=2007-07-14 }}</ref>
The judiciary does not practice [[judicial review]]. The security forces so often interfere with the actions of the judiciary that the conclusion of most cases is foregone; experts outside North Korea and numerous defectors confirm this to be a widespread problem.<ref name=state>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61612.htm |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices |publisher=U.S. Department of State |access-date=2006-02-22 |date=March 8, 2006 }}</ref> [[Freedom House]] states that, "North Korea does not have an independent judiciary and does not acknowledge individual rights...reports of arbitrary detentions, 'disappearances,' and extrajudicial killings are common; torture is widespread and severe".<ref name=fh>{{cite web|url=http://freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6993 |title=Freedom in the World, 2006 |publisher=Freedom House |access-date=2007-02-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714213705/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6993 |archive-date=2007-07-14 }}</ref>


North Korea's fifth and current [[Constitution of North Korea|constitution]] was approved and adopted in September 1998, replacing the one previously adopted in 1972. The former constitution had last been amended in 1992. Under the new constitution, North Korea is a socialist state representing the interests of all the Korean people.<ref>Teen Life in Asia By Judith J. Slate</ref> Criminal penalties can be stiff; one of the basic functions of the system is to uphold the power of the regime. Because so little information is available concerning what actually occurs inside of the country, the extent to which there is any [[rule of law]] is uncertain. In any case, North Korea is known for its poor [[Human rights in North Korea|human rights]] situation and regularly detains thousands of dissidents without trial or benefit of legal advice. According to a US Department of State report on human rights practices, the government of North Korea often punishes the family of a criminal along with the perpetrator.<ref name="state"/>
North Korea's fifth and current [[Constitution of North Korea|constitution]] was approved and adopted in September 1998, replacing the one previously adopted in 1972. The former constitution had last been amended in 1992. Under the new constitution, North Korea is a socialist state representing the interests of all the Korean people.<ref>Teen Life in Asia By Judith J. Slate</ref> Criminal penalties can be stiff; one of the basic functions of the system is to uphold the power of the regime. Because so little information is available concerning what actually occurs inside of the country, the extent to which there is any [[rule of law]] is uncertain. In any case, North Korea is known for [[Human rights in North Korea|its poor human rights situation]] and regularly detains thousands of dissidents without trial or benefit of legal advice. According to a US Department of State report on human rights practices, the government of North Korea often punishes the family of a criminal along with the perpetrator.<ref name="state"/>


===Workers' Party of Korea===
===Workers' Party of Korea===
{{Main|Workers' Party of Korea}}
{{Main|Workers' Party of Korea}}
The Workers' Party of Korea is organized according to the [[Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System|Monolithic Ideological System]] and the [[Great Leader (concept)|Great Leader]], a system and theory conceived by [[Kim Yong-ju]] and [[Kim Jong-il]]. The highest body of the WPK is formally the Congress, which last convened as the [[7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea]] in May 2016. Although the WPK is (in theory) organizationally similar to [[Communist party|communist parties]], in practice it is far less institutionalized and informal politics plays a larger role than usual. Institutions such as the [[Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea|Central Committee]], the [[Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea|Secretariat]], the [[Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea|Central Military Commission]] (CMC), the [[Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea|Politburo]] and the [[Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea|Presidium]] have much less power than that formally bestowed on them by the party's charter. [[Kim Jong-un]] is the current [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea|General Secretary of the WPK]].
The Workers' Party of Korea is organized according to the [[Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System|Monolithic Ideological System]] and the [[Great Leader (concept)|Great Leader]], a system and theory conceived by [[Kim Yong-ju]] and [[Kim Jong Il]]. The highest body of the WPK is formally the Congress, which last convened as the [[7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea]] in May 2016. Although the WPK is (in theory) organizationally similar to [[Communist party|communist parties]], in practice it is far less institutionalized and informal politics plays a larger role than usual. Institutions such as the [[Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea|Central Committee]], the [[Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea|Secretariat]], the [[Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea|Central Military Commission]] (CMC), the [[Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea|Politburo]] and the [[Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea|Presidium]] have much less power than that formally bestowed on them by the party's charter. [[Kim Jong Un]] is the current [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea|General Secretary of the WPK]].


Relatively compared with other institutions of North Korea, the WPK remains to be the most ideological and views itself as the defender of the revolutionary way by emphasizing [[sovereignty]] and [[nationalism]], as well as its commitment to a [[socialist]] ideology. Therefore, in theory, the WPK opposes accommodation and economic reform of any type.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=David C. |title=They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea—A Review Essay. |journal=International Security |volume= 36| issue = 3 |pages= 148}}</ref>
Relatively compared with other institutions of North Korea, the WPK remains to be the most ideological and views itself as the defender of the revolutionary way by emphasizing [[sovereignty]] and [[nationalism]], as well as its commitment to a [[socialist]] ideology. Therefore, in theory, the WPK opposes accommodation and economic reform of any type.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=David C. |title=They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea—A Review Essay. |journal=International Security |volume= 36| issue = 3 |pages= 148}}</ref>


* [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea]]: [[Kim Jong-un]]
* [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea]]: [[Kim Jong Un]]
* Chairman of the [[Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea|Central Military Commission]]: Kim Jong-un
* Chairman of the [[Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea]]: Kim Jong Un


===State Affairs Commission===
===State Affairs Commission===
{{Main|State Affairs Commission of North Korea}}
{{Main|State Affairs Commission of North Korea}}
In June 2010, Kim appointed his uncle (by marriage), [[Chang Sung-taek]], as vice-chairman of the NDC, in a move seen as propping up his own position. Chang was already regarded as the second-most powerful person in North Korea and his appointment strengthened the probability that Kim's third son, [[Kim Jong-un]], would succeed him.<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=bdaf79fa7d129210VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=Insight&s=Opinion Fading Kim sets the stage for power play] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612084637/http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=bdaf79fa7d129210VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=Insight&s=Opinion |date=2012-06-12 }}, [[Donald Kirk]], [[South China Morning Post|SCMP]], 11 June 2010</ref> However, in December 2013 Chang was fired from all government posts and subsequently executed. Kim Jong Un ordered for his uncle to be executed.<ref name=executed-ap>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/nkorea-executes-kim-jong-un-39-uncle-214524268.html |title=North Korea executes Kim Jong Un's uncle |agency=Associated Press |date=12 December 2013 |access-date=12 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213064835/http://news.yahoo.com/nkorea-executes-kim-jong-un-39-uncle-214524268.html |archive-date=13 December 2013 }}</ref>
In June 2010, Kim Jong Il appointed his brother-in-law, [[Chang Sung-taek]], as vice-chairman of the [[National Defence Commission]], in a move seen as propping up his own position. Chang was already regarded as the second-most powerful person in North Korea and his appointment strengthened the probability that Kim's third son, [[Kim Jong Un]], would succeed him.<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=bdaf79fa7d129210VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=Insight&s=Opinion Fading Kim sets the stage for power play] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612084637/http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=bdaf79fa7d129210VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=Insight&s=Opinion |date=2012-06-12 }}, [[Donald Kirk]], [[South China Morning Post|SCMP]], 11 June 2010</ref> However, in December 2013 Chang was fired from all government posts and subsequently executed. Kim Jong Un ordered the execution.<ref name=executed-ap>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/nkorea-executes-kim-jong-un-39-uncle-214524268.html |title=North Korea executes Kim Jong Un's uncle |agency=Associated Press |date=12 December 2013 |access-date=12 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213064835/http://news.yahoo.com/nkorea-executes-kim-jong-un-39-uncle-214524268.html |archive-date=13 December 2013 }}</ref>


In June 2016, following the 7th WPK Conference, the [[Constitution of North Korea]] was updated, replacing the [[National Defence Commission]] with the [[State Affairs Commission of North Korea|State Affairs Commission]] and placing [[Kim Jong-un]] as the [[Chairman of the State Affairs Commission]].<ref>{{cite web |title=DPRK Constitution Text Released Following 2016 Amdendments |url=https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2016/09/04/dprk-constitution-text-released-following-2016-amdendments/ |website=nkleadershipwatch |access-date=18 April 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418164245/https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2016/09/04/dprk-constitution-text-released-following-2016-amdendments/ |archive-date=18 April 2017 }}</ref> This places Kim Jong-un as the official head of state.<ref>{{cite web|title=N.Korea updates constitution expanding Kim Jong Un's position |url=https://www.nknews.org/2016/06/n-korea-updates-constitution-expanding-kim-jong-uns-position/ |website=NK News |date=30 June 2016 |publisher=NK News |access-date=18 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014055/https://www.nknews.org/2016/06/n-korea-updates-constitution-expanding-kim-jong-uns-position/ |archive-date=6 October 2016 }}</ref>
In June 2016, following the 7th WPK Conference, the [[Constitution of North Korea]] was updated, replacing the [[National Defence Commission]] with the [[State Affairs Commission of North Korea|State Affairs Commission]] and placing [[Kim Jong Un]] as the [[Chairman of the State Affairs Commission]].<ref>{{cite web |title=DPRK Constitution Text Released Following 2016 Amdendments |url=https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2016/09/04/dprk-constitution-text-released-following-2016-amdendments/ |website=nkleadershipwatch |access-date=18 April 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418164245/https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2016/09/04/dprk-constitution-text-released-following-2016-amdendments/ |archive-date=18 April 2017 }}</ref> This places Kim Jong Un as the official head of state.<ref>{{cite web|title=N.Korea updates constitution expanding Kim Jong Un's position |url=https://www.nknews.org/2016/06/n-korea-updates-constitution-expanding-kim-jong-uns-position/ |website=[[NK News]] |date=30 June 2016 |access-date=18 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014055/https://www.nknews.org/2016/06/n-korea-updates-constitution-expanding-kim-jong-uns-position/ |archive-date=6 October 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Ministry of Social Security (North Korea)|Minister of People's Security]]: [[Choe Pu-il]]
* [[Minister of People's Security]]: [[Choe Pu-il]]
* [[Minister of People's Armed Forces]]: [[Pak Yong-sik]]
* [[Minister of People's Armed Forces]]: [[Pak Yong-sik]]

==Party leaders==
⚫
{{main|8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea}}

===General Secretary===
*[[Kim Jong Un]]

===Presidium of the Political Bureau===
⚫
*[[Kim Jong Un]], [[Choe Ryong-hae]], [[Pak Pong-ju]], [[Kim Yong-nam]] (to April 2019), [[Hwang Pyong-so]] (to 2018)

===Members of the Political Bureau===
⚫
*Kim Jong Un, Kim Yong-nam, Hwang Pyong-so, Pak Pong-ju, Choe Ryong-hae, [[Kim Ki-nam (politician)|Kim Ki-nam]], [[Choe Thae-bok]], [[Ri Su-yong]], [[Kim Phyong-hae]], [[O Su-yong]], [[Kwak Pom-gi]], [[Kim Yong-chol]], [[Ri Man-gon]], [[Ro Tu-chol]], [[Pak Yong-sik]], [[Ri Myong-su]], [[Kim Won-hong]] and [[Choe Pu-il]] and [[Ri Yong-ho (diplomat)|Ri Yong-ho]] (October 2017), [[Kim Jae-ryong]] (April 2019)

===Alternate members of the Political Bureau===
*[[Kim Su-gil]], [[Kim Nung-o]], [[Pak Thae-song]], [[Ri Yong-ho (diplomat)|Ri Yong-ho]], [[Im Chol-ung]], [[Jo Yon-jun]], [[Ri Pyong-chol]], [[No Kwang-chol]] and [[Ri Yong-gil]], and [[Kim Yo Jong]], [[Kim Jong-sik]], [[Ri Pyong-chol]] (October 2017)

⚫
===Secretariat of the Central Committee===
⚫
*Secretary: Choe Ryong-hae, Kim Ki-nam, Choe Thae-bok, Ri Su-yong, Kim Phyong-hae, O Su-yong, Kwak Pom-gi, Kim Yong-chol and Ri Man-gon

⚫
===Central Military Commission===
⚫
*Chairman: Kim Jong Un
⚫
**Members: Hwang Pyong-so, Pak Pong-ju, Pak Yong-sik, Ri Myong-su, Kim Yong-chol, Ri Man-gon, Kim Won-hong, Choe Pu-il, Kim Kyong-ok, Ri Yong-gil and [[So Hong-chan]]

⚫
===Department of the Central Committee===
⚫
*Directors: Kim Ki-nam, Ri Su-yong, Kim Phyong-hae, O Su-yong, Kim Yong-chol, Ri Man-gon, [[Ri Il-hwan]], [[An Jong-su]], [[Ri Chol-man]], [[Choe Sang-gon]], [[Ri Yong-rae]], [[Kim Jong-im]], [[Kim Jung-hyop]], [[Kim Man-song]] and [[Kim Yong-su (politician)|Kim Yong-su]]

⚫
===Control Commission of the Central Committee===
*Chairman: [[Hong In-bom]]


==State leaders==
==State leaders==
===State Affairs Commission of DPRK===
===State Affairs Commission of DPRK===
Members of the [[State Affairs Commission of North Korea]] are as follows:{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
Members of the [[State Affairs Commission of North Korea]] are as follows:{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* President: [[Kim Jong-un]]
* [[President of the State Affairs Commission|President]]: [[Kim Jong Un]]
* First Vice President of the State Affairs Commission: [[Choe Ryong-hae]]
* First Vice President of the State Affairs Commission: [[Choe Ryong-hae]]
*Members of the commission:
*Members of the commission:
Line 83: Line 110:
** [[Kim Yong-chol]], WPK Vice Chairman for United Front Work
** [[Kim Yong-chol]], WPK Vice Chairman for United Front Work
** [[Jong Kyong-thaek]], Minister of State Security
** [[Jong Kyong-thaek]], Minister of State Security
** [[Ri Pyong-chol]], Vice Chairman of the CMC, top advisor of Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un
** [[Ri Pyong-chol]], Vice Chairman of the CMC, top advisor of Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un
** General of the Army [[Ri Yong-gil]], Minister of Public Security
** General of the Army [[Ri Yong-gil]], Minister of Public Security
** [[Kim Yong-jae]], External Economic Relations (Foreign Trade)
** [[Kim Yong-jae]], External Economic Relations (Foreign Trade)

** [[Kim Yo Jong]], Deputy Department Director of the [[Publicity and Information Department]]
** [[Kim Yo Jong]], Deputy Department Director of the [[Publicity and Information Department]]


===Presidium of the SPA of the DPRK===
===Presidium of the SPA of the DPRK===
The [[Presidium of the SPA]] is as follows:<ref name=c>{{Cite web | title = Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Korea, North - NDE | publisher = Central Intelligence Agency | date = 21 June 2018 | access-date = 28 August 2018 | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html }}</ref>
The [[Presidium of the SPA]] is as follows:<ref name=c>{{Cite web | title = Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Korea, North - NDE | publisher = Central Intelligence Agency | date = 21 June 2018 | access-date = 28 August 2018 | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html | archive-date = 4 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200804035735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/KN.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*[[President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly|President]]: [[Choe Ryong-hae]]
*[[President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly|President]]: [[Choe Ryong-hae]]
*Vice presidents: [[Yang Hyong-sop]] and [[Kim Yong-dae (politician)|Kim Yong-dae]]
*Vice presidents: [[Yang Hyong-sop]] and [[Kim Yong-dae (politician)|Kim Yong-dae]]
Line 105: Line 131:
*[[Premier of North Korea|Premier]]: [[Kim Jae-ryong]] (April 2019)
*[[Premier of North Korea|Premier]]: [[Kim Jae-ryong]] (April 2019)
*[[Vice Premier of North Korea|Vice Premier]]s: [[Ro Tu-chol]] (from April 2009), [[Ri Mu-yong]] (April 2014), Kim Yong Jin (April 2014), [[Ri Chol-man]] (since April 2012), [[Kim Tok-hun]] (April 2014)
*[[Vice Premier of North Korea|Vice Premier]]s: [[Ro Tu-chol]] (from April 2009), [[Ri Mu-yong]] (April 2014), Kim Yong Jin (April 2014), [[Ri Chol-man]] (since April 2012), [[Kim Tok-hun]] (April 2014)
*[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]: [[Ri Son Gwon]] (21 January 2020)
*[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]: [[Ri Son-gwon]] (21 January 2020)
*[[Minister of Finance (North Korea)|Minister of Finance]]: [[Choe Kwang-jin]]
*[[Minister of Finance (North Korea)|Minister of Finance]]: [[Choe Kwang-jin]]

⚫
===WPK Central Committee===
⚫
{{main|7th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea}}
⚫
*Presidium of the Political Bureau: [[Kim Jong-un]], [[Choe Ryong-hae]], [[Pak Pong-ju]], [[Kim Yong-nam]] (to April 2019), [[Hwang Pyong-so]] (to 2018)
⚫
*Members of the Political Bureau: Kim Jong-un, Kim Yong-nam, Hwang Pyong-so, Pak Pong-ju, Choe Ryong-hae, [[Kim Ki-nam (politician)|Kim Ki-nam]], [[Choe Thae-bok]], [[Ri Su-yong]], [[Kim Phyong-hae]], [[O Su-yong]], [[Kwak Pom-gi]], [[Kim Yong-chol]], [[Ri Man-gon]], [[Yang Hyong-sop]], [[Ro Tu-chol]], [[Pak Yong-sik]], [[Ri Myong-su]], [[Kim Won-hong]] and [[Choe Pu-il]] and [[Ri Yong-ho (diplomat)|Ri Yong-ho]] (Ocstober 2017), [[Kim Jae-ryong]] (April 2019). Alternate Members of the Political Bureau: [[Kim Su-gil]], [[Kim Nung-o]], [[Pak Thae-song]], [[Ri Yong-ho (diplomat)|Ri Yong-ho]], [[Im Chol-ung]], [[Jo Yon-jun]], [[Ri Pyong-chol]], [[No Kwang-chol]] and [[Ri Yong-gil]], and [[Kim Yo-jong]], [[Kim Jong-sik]], [[Ri Pyong-chol]] (October 2017)
⚫
*Secretairat of the Party Central Committee:
**General Secretary of the WPK: Kim Jong-un
⚫
**Secretary: Choe Ryong-hae, Kim Ki-nam, Choe Thae-bok, Ri Su-yong, Kim Phyong-hae, O Su-yong, Kwak Pom-gi, Kim Yong-chol and Ri Man-gon
⚫
*Central Military Commission:
⚫
**Chairman: Kim Jong-un
⚫
**Members: Hwang Pyong-so, Pak Pong-ju, Pak Yong-sik, Ri Myong-su, Kim Yong-chol, Ri Man-gon, Kim Won-hong, Choe Pu-il, Kim Kyong-ok, Ri Yong-gil and [[So Hong-chan]]
⚫
*Department Directors of the C.C., the WPK: Kim Ki-nam, Ri Su-yong, Kim Phyong-hae, O Su-yong, Kim Yong-chol, Ri Man-gon, [[Ri Il-hwan]], [[An Jong-su]], [[Ri Chol-man]], [[Choe Sang-gon]], [[Ri Yong-rae]], [[Kim Jong-im]], [[Kim Jung-hyop]], [[Kim Man-song]] and [[Kim Yong-su (politician)|Kim Yong-su]]
⚫
*Chairman of the Control Commission of the Party Central Committee: [[Hong In-bom]]


==See also==
==See also==
Line 132: Line 145:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{Official website|name=''Minju Choson'', the official newspaper of the government}} {{in lang|ko}}
* {{Official website|name=''Minju Choson'', the official newspaper of the government}} {{in lang|ko}}
* {{Curlie|Regional/Asia/North_Korea/Government}}


{{Asia topic|Government of|title=Governments of Asia|TW=Government of the Republic of China}}
{{Asia topic|Government of|title=Governments of Asia|TW=Government of the Republic of China}}

Latest revision as of 00:08, 8 November 2024

Government of the
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Emblem of North Korea
Formation9 September 1948
LegislatureSupreme People's Assembly
Communist Party
PartyWorkers' Party of Korea
General SecretaryKim Jong Un
Government
ExecutiveState Affairs Commission
Cabinet
President of State Affairs Kim Jong Un
Cabinet PremierKim Tok-hun
Assembly Standing Committee ChairmanChoe Ryong-hae
MilitaryKorean People's Army
Supreme CommanderKim Jong Un
Politics of North Korea
Constitution
Workers' Party of Korea
Congress (8th)
Supreme People's Assembly
14th term
State Affairs Commission
14th term
Cabinet
14th term
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Related topics
flag North Korea portal

In the North Korean government, the Cabinet is the administrative and executive body.[1] The North Korean government consists of three branches: administrative, legislative, and judicial. However, they are not independent of each other, but all branches are under the exclusive political leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK).[2]

Institutions

[edit]

The leader must work through various agents and their institutions, which has the power to delay, modify, or even resist the leader's orders. These institutions may set the overall tone and direction for North Korea's foreign and domestic policy, make suggestions, offer policy options, and lobby Kim himself.[3]

The government is also confirmed by the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA). The Premier, who appoints three Vice Premiers and the government's ministers, heads the cabinet. The government is dominated by the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and has been since North Korea's inception in 1948.

The Cabinet has the right to supervise and control the Local People's Committee (LPC,지방인민위원회) with regard to local economies and administration. As the State Administrative Council (SAC,정무원) was replaced by the Cabinet, the Local Administrative and Economic Committee (LAEC,지방행정경제위원회) was abolished and its functions regarding local politics transferred to the LPC. Under WPK former General Secretary Kim Jong Il, the cabinet's power was elevated to equal status with Workers' Party of Korea and Korean People's Army Ground Force (KPA).[4]

A party chief secretary no longer concurrently holds the post of LPC chairman, which has been taken over by a former LAEC chairman. Thus, the LPC is theoretically independent of the local party and is under the control of the Cabinet. The status of the LPC as the local executive organ, in principle, became higher than before.

The Economist Intelligence Unit listed North Korea in last place as an authoritarian regime in its 2012 Democracy Index assessing 168 countries.[5]

Judiciary

[edit]
Main article: Judiciary of North Korea

North Korea's judiciary is headed by the Central Court, which consists of a Chief Justice (판사) and two People's Assessors (인민참심원); three judges may be present in some cases.[6] Their terms of office coincide with those of the members of the Supreme People's Assembly. Every court in North Korea has the same composition as the Central Court. The judicial system is theoretically held accountable to the SPA and the Presidium of the SPA when the legislature is not in session.

The judiciary does not practice judicial review. The security forces so often interfere with the actions of the judiciary that the conclusion of most cases is foregone; experts outside North Korea and numerous defectors confirm this to be a widespread problem.[7] Freedom House states that, "North Korea does not have an independent judiciary and does not acknowledge individual rights...reports of arbitrary detentions, 'disappearances,' and extrajudicial killings are common; torture is widespread and severe".[8]

North Korea's fifth and current constitution was approved and adopted in September 1998, replacing the one previously adopted in 1972. The former constitution had last been amended in 1992. Under the new constitution, North Korea is a socialist state representing the interests of all the Korean people.[9] Criminal penalties can be stiff; one of the basic functions of the system is to uphold the power of the regime. Because so little information is available concerning what actually occurs inside of the country, the extent to which there is any rule of law is uncertain. In any case, North Korea is known for its poor human rights situation and regularly detains thousands of dissidents without trial or benefit of legal advice. According to a US Department of State report on human rights practices, the government of North Korea often punishes the family of a criminal along with the perpetrator.[7]

Workers' Party of Korea

[edit]
Main article: Workers' Party of Korea

The Workers' Party of Korea is organized according to the Monolithic Ideological System and the Great Leader, a system and theory conceived by Kim Yong-ju and Kim Jong Il. The highest body of the WPK is formally the Congress, which last convened as the 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea in May 2016. Although the WPK is (in theory) organizationally similar to communist parties, in practice it is far less institutionalized and informal politics plays a larger role than usual. Institutions such as the Central Committee, the Secretariat, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the Politburo and the Presidium have much less power than that formally bestowed on them by the party's charter. Kim Jong Un is the current General Secretary of the WPK.

Relatively compared with other institutions of North Korea, the WPK remains to be the most ideological and views itself as the defender of the revolutionary way by emphasizing sovereignty and nationalism, as well as its commitment to a socialist ideology. Therefore, in theory, the WPK opposes accommodation and economic reform of any type.[10]

State Affairs Commission

[edit]
Main article: State Affairs Commission of North Korea

In June 2010, Kim Jong Il appointed his brother-in-law, Chang Sung-taek, as vice-chairman of the National Defence Commission, in a move seen as propping up his own position. Chang was already regarded as the second-most powerful person in North Korea and his appointment strengthened the probability that Kim's third son, Kim Jong Un, would succeed him.[11] However, in December 2013 Chang was fired from all government posts and subsequently executed. Kim Jong Un ordered the execution.[12]

In June 2016, following the 7th WPK Conference, the Constitution of North Korea was updated, replacing the National Defence Commission with the State Affairs Commission and placing Kim Jong Un as the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission.[13] This places Kim Jong Un as the official head of state.[14]

Party leaders

[edit]
Main article: 8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea

General Secretary

[edit]

Presidium of the Political Bureau

[edit]

Members of the Political Bureau

[edit]

Alternate members of the Political Bureau

[edit]

Secretariat of the Central Committee

[edit]
  • Secretary: Choe Ryong-hae, Kim Ki-nam, Choe Thae-bok, Ri Su-yong, Kim Phyong-hae, O Su-yong, Kwak Pom-gi, Kim Yong-chol and Ri Man-gon

Central Military Commission

[edit]
  • Chairman: Kim Jong Un
    • Members: Hwang Pyong-so, Pak Pong-ju, Pak Yong-sik, Ri Myong-su, Kim Yong-chol, Ri Man-gon, Kim Won-hong, Choe Pu-il, Kim Kyong-ok, Ri Yong-gil and So Hong-chan

Department of the Central Committee

[edit]

Control Commission of the Central Committee

[edit]

State leaders

[edit]

State Affairs Commission of DPRK

[edit]

Members of the State Affairs Commission of North Korea are as follows:[citation needed]

Presidium of the SPA of the DPRK

[edit]

The Presidium of the SPA is as follows:[15]

Supreme People's Assembly

[edit]

The chairman and vice-chairpersons of the Supreme People's Assembly are:[15]

Cabinet

[edit]

Some ministers of the Cabinet of North Korea are as follows:[15]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "North Korea names Kim Jong-un army commander". BBC News. 2011-12-31. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14.
  2. ^ Teen Life in Asia By Judith J. Slater
  3. ^ Kang, David C. "They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea- A Review Essay". International Security. 36 (3): 148.
  4. ^ Kang, David C. "They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea- A Review Essay". International Security. 36 (3): 147.
  5. ^ "S.Korea Outranks U.S. in Democracy Index". The Chosun Ilbo. 2013-03-22. Archived from the original on 2014-05-06. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
  6. ^ "GlobaLex - Overview of the North Korean Legal System and Legal Research". Archived from the original on 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
  7. ^ a b "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices". U.S. Department of State. March 8, 2006. Retrieved 2006-02-22.
  8. ^ "Freedom in the World, 2006". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
  9. ^ Teen Life in Asia By Judith J. Slate
  10. ^ Kang, David C. "They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea—A Review Essay". International Security. 36 (3): 148.
  11. ^ Fading Kim sets the stage for power play Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine, Donald Kirk, SCMP, 11 June 2010
  12. ^ "North Korea executes Kim Jong Un's uncle". Associated Press. 12 December 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  13. ^ "DPRK Constitution Text Released Following 2016 Amdendments". nkleadershipwatch. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  14. ^ "N.Korea updates constitution expanding Kim Jong Un's position". NK News. 30 June 2016. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  15. ^ a b c "Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Korea, North - NDE". Central Intelligence Agency. 21 June 2018. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Government_of_North_Korea&oldid=1256055686"