River Towy: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|River in Wales}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}} |
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{{Infobox river |
{{Infobox river |
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| name = River Towy |
| name = River Towy |
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| native_name ={{native name|cy|Afon Tywi}} |
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| name_native_lang = |
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| name_other = |
| name_other = |
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| source1 = |
| source1 = |
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| source1_location = [[Cambrian Mountains]] (SN802631) |
| source1_location = [[Cambrian Mountains]] (SN802631) |
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| source1_coordinates= |
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| source1_elevation = {{ |
| source1_elevation = {{Convert|488|m|abbr=on}} |
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| mouth = [[Carmarthen Bay]] |
| mouth = [[Carmarthen Bay]] |
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| mouth_location = |
| mouth_location = |
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| progression = |
| progression = |
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| river_system = |
| river_system = |
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| basin_size = {{ |
| basin_size = {{Convert|515|km2|abbr=on}} |
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| tributaries_left = |
| tributaries_left = [[Afon Brân|Brân]], [[River Sawdde|Sawdde]] |
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| tributaries_right = |
| tributaries_right = [[Afon Cothi|Cothi]], [[River Gwili|Gwili]] |
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The '''River |
The '''River Towy''' ({{langx|cy|Afon Tywi}}, {{IPA|cy|ˈtəwɪ|IPA}}; also known as the '''River Tywi''')<ref>{{Cite web |title=What to see on a trip along the River Tywi |url=https://www.visitwales.com/destinations/west-wales/river-tywi-source-sea |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=VisitWales |language=en}}</ref> is one of the longest rivers flowing entirely within [[Wales]]. Its total length is {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}}. It is noted for its [[sea trout]] and [[salmon]] fishing. |
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==Route== |
==Route== |
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The Towy rises within {{convert|15|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of the source of the [[River Teifi]] on the lower slopes of Crug Gynan in the [[Cambrian Mountains]].{{#tag:ref|{{gbmapping|SN802631}}|group= n}} Flowing through the steep hills of the Tywi Forest, it forms the boundary between [[Ceredigion]] and [[Powys]]. The river flows generally south-westwards through [[Carmarthenshire]], passing through the towns of [[Llandovery]] and [[Llandeilo]]. |
The Towy rises within {{convert|15|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of the source of the [[River Teifi]] on the lower slopes of Crug Gynan in the [[Cambrian Mountains]].{{#tag:ref|{{gbmapping|SN802631}}|group= n}} Flowing through the steep hills of the Tywi Forest, it forms the boundary between [[Ceredigion]] and [[Powys]]. The river flows generally south-westwards through [[Carmarthenshire]], passing through the towns of [[Llandovery]] and [[Llandeilo]]. |
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Its total length is {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref> |
Its total length is {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, Menna; & Lynch, Peredur I. (eds). "River Towy". Cardiff: University of Wales Press (2008). pg. 894; ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.</ref> with numerous tributaries that include the [[River Cothi|Cothi]], [[River Gwili|Gwili]], Brân, and Doethie.<ref>"First Water Resources Survey : Report", South West Wales River Authority (1970), pg. 41; Table 1.</ref> |
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In [[Carmarthen]], it is joined by a substantial [[tributary]], the [[River Gwili]], at [[Abergwili]]. The [[estuary]] meets [[Carmarthen Bay]] east of the [[Pendine Sands]] along with the [[River Taf]] and both branches of the [[River Gwendraeth]]. The estuary was guarded by [[Llansteffan Castle]], a 12th-century [[Norman architecture|Norman]] castle.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} |
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==Damming of the Towy== |
==Damming of the Towy== |
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==Ecology== |
==Ecology== |
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===Fish=== |
===Fish=== |
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The |
The Towy is a national draw for big [[sea trout]] (local name ''sewin''), the seagoing form of the brown trout, ''[[Salmo trutta]]''. These fish enter the river each spring and early summer to breed in the tributaries. The river is thought to produce more double-figure (10 lbs plus, or about 5 kg or more) sea trout than any other in Britain. Anglers and estuary netsmen have taken these fish to over {{convert|20|lb|kg|0}} in weight. In summer and autumn there is also a substantial run of Atlantic salmon (''[[Salmo salar]]''). In May the Towy has a run of the rare and protected [[twaite shad]] and [[allis shad]]. The Towy also contains brown trout, eels, pike, and a variety of small fish species, and is home to brook lampreys, river lampreys and sea lampreys. |
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The |
The Towy has the distinction of having accidentally produced by far the biggest fish ever taken on rod and line in fresh water in Britain. This was a [[sturgeon]] (''Acipwienser sturio'') weighing 388 lb (176 kg) and {{convert|9|ft|2|in|m|spell=in}} in length which was caught in the river near Nantgaredig by Alec Allen on 28 July 1932.{{#tag:ref|Its photograph can be seen in the Cresselly Arms at [[Pontargothi]] on the [[A40 road|A40]].|group= n}} |
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The last sturgeon in UK waters was seen in the river in 1993. <ref> https://www.wwf.org.uk/press-release/calls-save-sturgeon-living-fossil-fish-slip-towards-extinction#:~:text=In%20the%20UK%2C%20sturgeon%20were,routes%20contributed%20to%20their%20decline.</ref> |
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===Mammals=== |
===Mammals=== |
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The |
The Towy has a thriving population of [[Eurasian otter|otters]], as well as many commoner mammal species. [[Grey seal]]s are common in the lower reaches and sometimes penetrate several miles up river in pursuit of sea trout and salmon. |
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===Birds=== |
===Birds=== |
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The |
The Towy and surrounding valley ({{langx|cy|Dyffryn Tywi}}) are home to a very large variety of water and wetland birds. Among the more distinctive species found along the river are [[sand martin]]s, [[common sandpiper]]s, [[little ringed plover]]s, [[white-throated dipper|dippers]], [[common kingfisher|kingfishers]] and [[grey wagtail]]s. [[Red kite]]s and [[common buzzard|buzzards]] are numerous. [[Goosander]]s and [[great cormorant|cormorants]] prey on sea trout and salmon. |
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===Plants=== |
===Plants=== |
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The prevalence of [[oxbow lake]]s in the |
The prevalence of [[oxbow lake]]s in the Towy valley provides some spectacular shows through the year. In summer at Bishop's Pond in Abergwili (an oxbow lake formed when the river flooded in 1802) there is a spectacular show of yellow [[Nymphaeaceae|water lilies]] on the pond when the water level drops and [[Glyceria maxima|reed sweet-grass]] fringes the edges – a species also found nearby in the [[River Teifi|Teifi valley]] further west in [[Pembrokeshire]], in [[Gower Peninsula|Gower]], in Powys (especially along the [[Montgomery Canal]]), on [[Anglesey]] and in several sites along the North Wales coast. |
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==Glanrhyd Bridge disaster== |
==Glanrhyd Bridge disaster== |
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{{Main|Glanrhyd Bridge collapse}} |
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On 19 October 1987, three days after the [[Great Storm of 1987]], four people were killed when a train plunged off Glanrhyd Bridge near Llangadog into the flooded river. |
On 19 October 1987, three days after the [[Great Storm of 1987]], four people were killed when a train plunged off Glanrhyd Bridge near Llangadog into the flooded river. |
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==Notes and references== |
==Notes and references== |
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=== Explanatory notes === |
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;Notes |
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{{Reflist|group=n}} |
{{Reflist|group=n}} |
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=== References === |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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* [http://www.carmarthenshire.org.uk/Towy%20Salmon%20Action%20Plan/part_2.htm Tywy Salmon Action Plan] |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*{{cite book |
*{{cite book |
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| last = Day |
| last = Day |
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| first = Ken |
| first = Ken |
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| year = 2006 |
| year = 2006 |
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| title = Beloved Tywi |
| title = Beloved Tywi: A Visual Journey |
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| edition = First |
| edition = First |
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| publisher = Gomer Press |
| publisher = Gomer Press |
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| isbn = 9781843236511 |
| isbn = 9781843236511 |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Carmarthen Bay]] |
[[Category:Carmarthen Bay]] |
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[[Category:Fishing in Wales|Towy]] |
[[Category:Fishing in Wales|Towy]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of Carmarthenshire|Towy]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Carmarthenshire|Towy]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of Ceredigion|Towy]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Ceredigion|Towy]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of Powys|Towy]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Powys|Towy]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:37, 8 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022) |
| River Towy | |
|---|---|
 River Towy at Carmarthen | |
 Course of the River Towy | |
| Native name | Afon Tywi (Welsh) |
| Location | |
| Cities | Llandovery, Llandeilo, Carmarthen |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Cambrian Mountains (SN802631) |
| • coordinates | 52°15′11″N 3°45′23″W / 52.25299°N 3.75642°W |
| • elevation | 488 m (1,601 ft) |
| Mouth | Carmarthen Bay |
| Length | 120 km (75 mi) |
| Basin size | 515 km2 (199 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 45 m3/s (1,600 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Brân, Sawdde |
| • right | Cothi, Gwili |
The River Towy (Welsh: Afon Tywi, IPA: [ˈtəwɪ]; also known as the River Tywi)[1] is one of the longest rivers flowing entirely within Wales. Its total length is 120 km (75 mi). It is noted for its sea trout and salmon fishing.
Route
[edit]The Towy rises within 15 km (9 mi) of the source of the River Teifi on the lower slopes of Crug Gynan in the Cambrian Mountains.[n 1] Flowing through the steep hills of the Tywi Forest, it forms the boundary between Ceredigion and Powys. The river flows generally south-westwards through Carmarthenshire, passing through the towns of Llandovery and Llandeilo.
Its total length is 120 km (75 mi).[2] with numerous tributaries that include the Cothi, Gwili, Brân, and Doethie.[3]
In Carmarthen, it is joined by a substantial tributary, the River Gwili, at Abergwili. The estuary meets Carmarthen Bay east of the Pendine Sands along with the River Taf and both branches of the River Gwendraeth. The estuary was guarded by Llansteffan Castle, a 12th-century Norman castle.[citation needed]
Damming of the Towy
[edit]
About 10 km (6 mi) from its source, the swift flow of the Towy is interrupted by the Llyn Brianne reservoir, created in 1972 by damming a section of the river to store winter rain for release into the river during dry periods. The reservoir supports the new abstraction at Nantgaredig which supplies a large swathe of south-east Wales with drinking water. The flow in the River Towy would have been unable to sustain such an abstraction were it not for the release of water from the upland reservoir.
Ecology
[edit]Fish
[edit]The Towy is a national draw for big sea trout (local name sewin), the seagoing form of the brown trout, Salmo trutta. These fish enter the river each spring and early summer to breed in the tributaries. The river is thought to produce more double-figure (10 lbs plus, or about 5 kg or more) sea trout than any other in Britain. Anglers and estuary netsmen have taken these fish to over 20 pounds (9 kg) in weight. In summer and autumn there is also a substantial run of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In May the Towy has a run of the rare and protected twaite shad and allis shad. The Towy also contains brown trout, eels, pike, and a variety of small fish species, and is home to brook lampreys, river lampreys and sea lampreys.
The Towy has the distinction of having accidentally produced by far the biggest fish ever taken on rod and line in fresh water in Britain. This was a sturgeon (Acipwienser sturio) weighing 388 lb (176 kg) and nine feet two inches (2.79 m) in length which was caught in the river near Nantgaredig by Alec Allen on 28 July 1932.[n 2] The last sturgeon in UK waters was seen in the river in 1993. [4]
Mammals
[edit]The Towy has a thriving population of otters, as well as many commoner mammal species. Grey seals are common in the lower reaches and sometimes penetrate several miles up river in pursuit of sea trout and salmon.
Birds
[edit]The Towy and surrounding valley (Welsh: Dyffryn Tywi) are home to a very large variety of water and wetland birds. Among the more distinctive species found along the river are sand martins, common sandpipers, little ringed plovers, dippers, kingfishers and grey wagtails. Red kites and buzzards are numerous. Goosanders and cormorants prey on sea trout and salmon.
Plants
[edit]The prevalence of oxbow lakes in the Towy valley provides some spectacular shows through the year. In summer at Bishop's Pond in Abergwili (an oxbow lake formed when the river flooded in 1802) there is a spectacular show of yellow water lilies on the pond when the water level drops and reed sweet-grass fringes the edges – a species also found nearby in the Teifi valley further west in Pembrokeshire, in Gower, in Powys (especially along the Montgomery Canal), on Anglesey and in several sites along the North Wales coast.
Glanrhyd Bridge disaster
[edit]On 19 October 1987, three days after the Great Storm of 1987, four people were killed when a train plunged off Glanrhyd Bridge near Llangadog into the flooded river.
Notes and references
[edit]Explanatory notes
[edit]- ^ grid reference SN802631
- ^ Its photograph can be seen in the Cresselly Arms at Pontargothi on the A40.
References
[edit]- ^ "What to see on a trip along the River Tywi". VisitWales. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, Menna; & Lynch, Peredur I. (eds). "River Towy". Cardiff: University of Wales Press (2008). pg. 894; ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
- ^ "First Water Resources Survey : Report", South West Wales River Authority (1970), pg. 41; Table 1.
- ^ https://www.wwf.org.uk/press-release/calls-save-sturgeon-living-fossil-fish-slip-towards-extinction#:~:text=In%20the%20UK%2C%20sturgeon%20were,routes%20contributed%20to%20their%20decline.
Further reading
[edit]- Day, Ken (2006). Beloved Tywi: A Visual Journey (First ed.). Llandysul: Gomer Press. ISBN 9781843236511.
- Lillicrap, R. J. The Llyn Brianne Dam and the River Towy Scheme. Llandovery: Llandovery Publications, 1998.
External links
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| International | |
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| Geographic | |
