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{{Infobox bilateral relations|China–Uzbekistan|China|Uzbekistan|envoytitle1 =[[Chinese Ambassador to Uzbekistan|Ambassador]] |envoy1 = [[Jiang Yan(diplomat)|Jiang Yan]]|envoytitle2 =[[Ambassadors of Uzbekistan to China|Ambassador]] |envoy2 = [[Farhod Nuritdinovich Arziev]]|mission1 = [[Embassy of People's Republic of China in Uzbekistan|Chinese Embassy, Tashkent]] |mission2 = [[Embassy of Uzbekistan in China|Uzbek Embassy, Beijing]]
{{Infobox bilateral relations|China–Uzbekistan|China|Uzbekistan|envoytitle1 =[[Chinese Ambassador to Uzbekistan|Ambassador]] |envoy1 = [[Jiang Yan(diplomat)|Jiang Yan]]|envoytitle2 =[[Ambassadors of Uzbekistan to China|Ambassador]] |envoy2 = [[Farhod Nuritdinovich Arziev]]|mission1 = [[Embassy of People's Republic of China in Uzbekistan|Chinese Embassy, Tashkent]] |mission2 = [[Embassy of Uzbekistan in China|Uzbek Embassy, Beijing]]
}}
}}
'''China–Uzbekistan relations''' ({{lang-uz|Xitoy-O'zbekiston munosabatlari}}) are the [[bilateral relations]]hip between China and [[Uzbekistan]]. Both countries are members of the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|Shanghai Cooperation Organization]].
'''China–Uzbekistan relations'''{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{langx|uz|Xitoy-O‘zbekiston munosabatlari}}, {{smaller|[[Uzbek alphabet#Cyrillic script|cyrillized]]:}} Хитой-Ўзбекистон муносабатлари, {{smaller|[[Uzbek alphabet#Arabic script|arabized]]:}} خىتاي-ئوزبېكىستان مۇناسەبەتلەرى, {{IPA|uz|χɨ̥ˌtʰɒj‿ɵzbekɪ̥sˈtʰɒn mʊnɒsɐbɐtlæˈɾɪ|pron}}|{{lang-zh|中國—烏茲別克斯坦關係}}, {{smaller|[[Simplified Chinese characters|simplified]]:}} 中国—乌兹别克斯坦关系, {{smaller|[[Pinyin|romanized]]:}} ''Zhōngguó—Wūzībiékèsītǎn guānxì'', {{smaller|[[Cyrillization of Chinese|cyrillized]]:}} Җунгуй–Вузбекстан гуанщи, {{smaller|[[Xiao'erjing|arabized]]:}} جْوقُوَ–وُذِبِیَكْسْتً قُوًاسِ, {{IPA|zh|ʈʂʊ́ŋkwǒ wútsɹ̩́pjěkʰɤ̂sɹ̩́tʰàn kwánɕî|pron}}}}}} are the [[bilateral relations]]hip between China and [[Uzbekistan]]. Both countries are members of the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|Shanghai Cooperation Organization]].


== History ==
== History ==
Line 13: Line 13:


== Economic relations ==
== Economic relations ==
China is the second-largest importer of raw materials from Uzbekistan.<ref name=":Sun" />{{Rp|page=152}} As of 2024, significant Chinese investment in the country has resulted in approximately 600 Chinese-Uzbek joint enterprises.<ref name=":Sun" />{{Rp|page=152}}
China is currently Uzbekistan's leading trading partner as the largest source of exports and imports for the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-10/31/c_138518582.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031230012/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-10/31/c_138518582.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 31, 2019|title=China-Uzbekistan partnership to reach higher level - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|website=www.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=May 2024}} China has also increasing its development loans to Uzbekistan.<ref name=":0" /> China regards Uzbekistan as a critical part of the [[Belt and Road Initiative]].{{cn|date=May 2024}}

China has also increasing its development loans to Uzbekistan.<ref name=":0" /> China regards Uzbekistan as a critical part of the [[Belt and Road Initiative]].{{cn|date=May 2024}}


== Cultural and educational ==
== Cultural and educational ==
In 2013, Uzbekistan and China signed a cultural exchange agreement to increase engagement in culture, education, science, and technology.<ref name=":Sun" />{{Rp|page=159}} The first exchange per the agreement occurred in 2017, during which seminars, exhibitions, and performances were held.<ref name=":Sun" />{{Rp|page=159}} These exchanges have been repeated since.<ref name=":Sun" />{{Rp|page=159}}

China provides support for the preservation of and restoration of [[cultural heritage]] sites in Uzbekistan.<ref name=":Sun" />{{Rp|page=159}}

[[China Central Television]] (CCTV) and Uzbekistan's National Television and Radio Corporation (UzTRK) cooperate to produce joint programs and documentaries.<ref name=":Sun" />{{Rp|page=159}}

Uzbekistan has two [[Confucius Institute|Confucius Institutes]].<ref name=":Sun">{{Cite book |last=Sun |first=Yi |title=China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment |publisher=[[Leiden University Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9789087284411 |editor-last=Fang |editor-first=Qiang |chapter=Necessitated by Geopolitics: China's Economic and Cultural Initiatives in Central Asia |jstor=jj.15136086 |editor-last2=Li |editor-first2=Xiaobing}}</ref>{{Rp|page=156}}
Uzbekistan has two [[Confucius Institute|Confucius Institutes]].<ref name=":Sun">{{Cite book |last=Sun |first=Yi |title=China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment |publisher=[[Leiden University Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9789087284411 |editor-last=Fang |editor-first=Qiang |chapter=Necessitated by Geopolitics: China's Economic and Cultural Initiatives in Central Asia |jstor=jj.15136086 |editor-last2=Li |editor-first2=Xiaobing}}</ref>{{Rp|page=156}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references />
{{Foreign relations of China}}{{Foreign relations of Uzbekistan}}
{{Foreign relations of China}}{{Foreign relations of Uzbekistan}}


Latest revision as of 07:18, 8 November 2024

China–Uzbekistan relations
Map indicating locations of China and Uzbekistan

China
Uzbekistan
Diplomatic mission
Chinese Embassy, TashkentUzbek Embassy, Beijing
Envoy
Ambassador Jiang YanAmbassador Farhod Nuritdinovich Arziev

China–Uzbekistan relations[a] are the bilateral relationship between China and Uzbekistan. Both countries are members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

History

[edit]

According to the Ming Shilu, ambassadors from the Uzbek Khanate and Bukhara Khanate corresponded with Ming China more than 20 times between 1488 and 1618.[1]

China recognized Uzbekistan's independence on 27 December 1991 and the two countries established relations on 2 January 1992.[2] Both countries signed the "China-Uzbek Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" in 2005, during Uzbek leader Islam Karimov's meeting with Chinese leader Hu Jintao in Beijing.[3]

Uzbekistan has cooperated with China in extraditing Uyghur activists from the country.[4] In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Uzbekistan, signed a joint letter to the United Nations Human Rights Council defending China's persecution of Uyghurs.[5][6] Uzbekistan was one of 16 countries that defended China in 2019 but did not do so in 2020.[7]

Uzbek Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov called China Uzbekistan's "closest partner" on a 26 August 2019 meeting.[8]

Economic relations

[edit]

China is the second-largest importer of raw materials from Uzbekistan.[9]: 152  As of 2024, significant Chinese investment in the country has resulted in approximately 600 Chinese-Uzbek joint enterprises.[9]: 152 

China has also increasing its development loans to Uzbekistan.[8] China regards Uzbekistan as a critical part of the Belt and Road Initiative.[citation needed]

Cultural and educational

[edit]

In 2013, Uzbekistan and China signed a cultural exchange agreement to increase engagement in culture, education, science, and technology.[9]: 159  The first exchange per the agreement occurred in 2017, during which seminars, exhibitions, and performances were held.[9]: 159  These exchanges have been repeated since.[9]: 159 

China provides support for the preservation of and restoration of cultural heritage sites in Uzbekistan.[9]: 159 

China Central Television (CCTV) and Uzbekistan's National Television and Radio Corporation (UzTRK) cooperate to produce joint programs and documentaries.[9]: 159 

Uzbekistan has two Confucius Institutes.[9]: 156 

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Tūqmāq (Golden Horde), the Qazaq Khanate, the Shībānid Dynasty, Rūm (Ottoman Empire), and Moghūlistan in the XIV-XVI Centuries: from Original Sources" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-01-16. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  2. ^ "Cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the countries of the Asia and the Pacific". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2015-10-22. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
  3. ^ Buckley, Chris (2005-05-27). "China 'honors' Uzbekistan crackdown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-01-31. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
  4. ^ Jardine, Bradley. "China's Surveillance State Has Eyes on Central Asia". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2019-11-15. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
  5. ^ "Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies?". The Diplomat. 15 July 2019. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  6. ^ "Saudi Arabia and Russia among 37 states backing China's Xinjiang policy". Reuters. 12 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-12-10. Retrieved 2019-07-13.
  7. ^ Basu, Zachary (8 October 2020). "Mapped: More countries sign UN statement condemning China's mass detentions in Xinjiang". Axios. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Uzbekistan Increasingly Turns to China for Development Loans". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 2019-09-09. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Sun, Yi (2024). "Necessitated by Geopolitics: China's Economic and Cultural Initiatives in Central Asia". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.). China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment. Leiden University Press. ISBN 9789087284411. JSTOR jj.15136086.
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