Butia capitata: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of palm}} |
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{{taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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|image = Butia capitata, Tresco.JPG |
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|image = Cocos capitata + Diplothemium campestre (3768428135).jpg |
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|image_caption = ''Butia capitata'', [[Tresco, Isles of Scilly|Tresco]], [[Isles of Scilly]], UK |
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|image_caption = First illustration, the lectotype. |
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|status_system = IUCN2.3 |
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|image2 = Ripe fruit of Butia capitata on the vine.jpg |
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|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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|image2_caption = Ripe fruit |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] |
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|ordo = [[Arecales]] |
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|synonyms_ref = <ref name=WCSP>{{cite web |url=http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=28149 |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |last=Govaerts |first=R. |date=2018 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> |
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|familia = [[Arecaceae]] |
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|synonyms = |
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*''Cocos capitata'' <small>[[Mart.]] [1916]</small><ref name=IPNI2>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=cocos+capitata&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html |title=IPNI Plant Name Details |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2018 |website=International Plant Names Index |publisher=The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, The Harvard University Herbaria, and the Australian National Herbarium |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> |
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*''Calappa capitata'' <small>([[Mart.]]) Kuntze [1891]</small> |
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|binomial = ''Butia capitata'' |
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*''Butia capitata'' subsp. ''eucapitata'' <small>Herter, not validly publ. [1940]</small> |
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*''Syagrus capitata'' <small>([[Mart.]]) Glassman [1970]</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Butia capitata''''', also known as '''jelly palm''', |
'''''Butia capitata''''', also known as '''jelly palm''', is a ''[[Butia]]'' [[Arecaceae|palm]] native to the states of [[Minas Gerais]] and [[Goiás]] in [[Brazil]].<ref name=Soares2015>{{cite journal |last=Soares |first=Kelen Pureza |date=2015 |title=Le genre Butia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288181003 |language=fr |journal=Principes |volume=1 |pages=12–57 |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> It is known locally as '''''coquinho-azedo''''' or '''''butiá''''' in (northern) Minas Gerais.<ref name=fruits>Fruits of Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc as good sources of β-carotene and provitamin A. Juliana Pereira Faria, Egle M. A. Siqueira, Roberto Fontes Vieira and Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Cost, Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Oct. 2011, vol.33, no.spe1, {{doi|10.1590/S0100-29452011000500084}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
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''Butia capitata'' is notable as one of the [[hardy palms|hardiest]] feather palms, tolerating temperatures down to about −10 °C; it is widely cultivated in temperate climates. In the United States, ''B. capitata'' is grown along the West Coast from San Diego to Seattle, and along the East Coast from Florida to Virginia Beach, with a few known plantings north to the Long Island, NY area. ''Butia capitata'' has become naturalized in some areas of the [[Southern United States]], from [[Virginia]] to [[Florida]]. |
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In [[Minas Gerais]], it flowers from May to July<ref name="Martius">{{cite book |last=von Martius |first=Karl Friedrich Philipp |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9917#page/124/mode/1up |title=Historia Naturalis Palmarum - opus tripartium |date=1826 |publisher=T. O. Weigel |volume=2 |location=Leipzig |pages=114–115 |language=la |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.506}}</ref> and is in fruit from November to February.<ref name="fruits" /> Ripe fruit are about the size of large cherry, and yellowish/orange in color, but can also include a blush towards the tip. |
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Ripe fruit are about the size of large cherry, and yellowish/orange in color, but can also include a blush towards the tip. The taste is a mixture of [[pineapple]], [[apricot]], and [[vanilla]]. Taste can vary depending on soil conditions, and the tastes of [[apple]], [[pineapple]], and [[banana]] together is also common. It is tart and sweet at the same time, with a flesh similar to a [[loquat]], but slightly more fibrous. |
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Palms cultivated around the world under the name ''Butia capitata'' are actually almost all [[Butia odorata|''B. odorata'']]. The real ''B. capitata'' is not notably [[hardy palms|hardy]], nor widely cultivated.<ref name=Soares2015/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=4222 |title=Butia capitata - Species Page |last1=Wunderlin |first1=R. P. |last2=Hansen |first2=B. F. |last3=Franck |first3=A. R. |last4=Essig |first4=F. B. |date=16 September 2018 |website=Atlas of Florida Plants |publisher=Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa |access-date=17 September 2018 |quote=Recent taxonomy suggests B. odorata is the species naturalized in Florida, which has globose fruits, small midrib bundles completely encircling the fibrous cylinder, and does not have raphide-containing idioblasts in the foliar margin, unlike B. capitata (Sant’Anna-Santos et. al 2015)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hardytropicals.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?f=114&t=19106&hilit=butia+odorata |title=Buita nomenclature -new names |last=Kembrey |first=Nigel |date=9 February 2013 |website=Hardy Tropicals UK |access-date=18 September 2018}}</ref> |
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== Chemistry == |
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The triterpenes [[cylindrin]] and [[lupeol]] methyl ether can be isolated from ''Butia capitata'' leaf epicuticular waxes.<ref>Triterpene methyl ethers from palmae epicuticular waxes. S. García, H. Heinzen, C. Hubbuch, R. Martínez, X. de Vries and P. Moyna, Phytochemistry, August 1995, Volume 39, Issue 6, Pages 1381–1382, {{doi|10.1016/0031-9422(95)00173-5}}</ref> The pulp is a good source of [[β-carotene]] and provitamin A.<ref>Fruits of Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc as good sources of β-carotene and provitamin A. Juliana Pereira Faria, Egle M. A. Siqueira, Roberto Fontes Vieira and Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Cost, Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Oct. 2011, vol.33, no.spe1, {{doi|10.1590/S0100-29452011000500084}}</ref> |
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[[File:After Blizzard 1.4.14 2.jpg|thumb|9 foot Pindo after the Blizzard of 2014 in [[Roslyn Harbor, New York|Roslyn Harbor]], [[New York (state)|New York]]]] |
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== |
==Taxonomy== |
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This taxon was first scientifically described in 1826 as ''Cocos capitata'' in the [[Historia naturalis palmarum|Historia Naturalis Palmarum]] by [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius]], who described and illustrated the palm from sketches and herbarium collections he made on montane grasslands near the Serra de Santo Antônio, [[Minas Gerais]].<ref name=IPNI2/><ref name=Martius/> |
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<gallery> |
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File:Ripe fruit of Butia capitata on the vine.jpg|Ripe fruit of ''Butia capitata'' palm growing in [[Ocean Isle Beach]] |
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In 1970, Sidney Fredrick Glassman moved this species, along with all other ''Butia'', to ''[[Syagrus (plant)|Syagrus]]'',<ref name=Glassman1970>{{cite journal |last=Glassman |first=Sidney Fredrick |date=1970 |title=A conspectus of the palm genus Butia Becc. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19907#page/35/mode/1up |journal=Fieldiana |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=143–145 |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.2384 |access-date=12 October 2018|doi-access=free }}</ref> but in 1979 he changed his mind and moved everything back.<ref name=Glassman1979>{{cite journal |last=Glassman |first=Sidney Fredrick |date=1979 |title=Re-evaluation of the Genus Butia With a Description of a New Species |url=http://media.e-taxonomy.eu/palmae/protologe/palm_tc_28144_P.pdf |journal=Principes |volume=23 |pages=70–71 |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> |
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File:Butia capitata palm bearing both ripe and unripe fruit.jpg|''Butia capitata'' palm growing in [[Ocean Isle Beach]], bearing both ripe and unripe fruit |
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Butia capitata MHNT.BOT.2016.24.65.jpg|Butia capitata - [[MHNT]] |
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==Uses== |
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</gallery> |
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The fruits are locally harvested from the wild between November and February to make juices, liquor, marmalades and ice-cream. The fruit has orange, sometimes red, skin. The pulp is bright orange, highly aromatic, somewhat oily, and quite fibrous. The pulp can be frozen for industrial production. In the north of Minas Gerais state, ''B. capitata'' juice has been added to some public school lunches.<ref name=fruits/> |
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An oil can be extracted from the nuts which is quite similar to coconut oil.<ref name=fruits/> |
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=== Nutrition === |
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The pulp is a good source of [[β-carotene]] and provitamin A compared with other fruits usually consumed. A glass of juice containing 100g of ''B. capitata'' pulp can provide 40% of the daily vitamin A requirements for children aged under eight by the standards of the [[National Academy of Medicine]].<ref name=fruits/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2705848}} |
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== External links == |
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*http://www.sunpalmtrees.com/Cold-Hardy-Palm-Trees-Pindo-Palms.htm |
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*http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/butcapa.pdf |
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[[Category:Butia|capitata]] |
[[Category:Butia|capitata]] |
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[[Category:Ornamental trees]] |
[[Category:Ornamental trees]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari]] |
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{{Cocoeae-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 08:40, 8 November 2024
| Butia capitata | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
| First illustration, the lectotype. | |
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| Ripe fruit | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | Butia |
| Species: | B. capitata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Butia capitata | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
Butia capitata, also known as jelly palm, is a Butia palm native to the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás in Brazil.[4] It is known locally as coquinho-azedo or butiá in (northern) Minas Gerais.[5]
Description
[edit]This palm grows up to 8m (exceptionally 10m). It has feather palm pinnate leaves that arch inwards towards a thick stout trunk.
In Minas Gerais, it flowers from May to July[6] and is in fruit from November to February.[5] Ripe fruit are about the size of large cherry, and yellowish/orange in color, but can also include a blush towards the tip.
Palms cultivated around the world under the name Butia capitata are actually almost all B. odorata. The real B. capitata is not notably hardy, nor widely cultivated.[4][7][8]
Taxonomy
[edit]This taxon was first scientifically described in 1826 as Cocos capitata in the Historia Naturalis Palmarum by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, who described and illustrated the palm from sketches and herbarium collections he made on montane grasslands near the Serra de Santo Antônio, Minas Gerais.[2][6]
In 1970, Sidney Fredrick Glassman moved this species, along with all other Butia, to Syagrus,[9] but in 1979 he changed his mind and moved everything back.[10]
Uses
[edit]The fruits are locally harvested from the wild between November and February to make juices, liquor, marmalades and ice-cream. The fruit has orange, sometimes red, skin. The pulp is bright orange, highly aromatic, somewhat oily, and quite fibrous. The pulp can be frozen for industrial production. In the north of Minas Gerais state, B. capitata juice has been added to some public school lunches.[5]
An oil can be extracted from the nuts which is quite similar to coconut oil.[5]
Nutrition
[edit]The pulp is a good source of β-carotene and provitamin A compared with other fruits usually consumed. A glass of juice containing 100g of B. capitata pulp can provide 40% of the daily vitamin A requirements for children aged under eight by the standards of the National Academy of Medicine.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "Butia capitata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-04-24.
- ^ a b "IPNI Plant Name Details". International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, The Harvard University Herbaria, and the Australian National Herbarium. 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ Govaerts, R. (2018). "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ a b Soares, Kelen Pureza (2015). "Le genre Butia". Principes (in French). 1: 12–57. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Fruits of Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc as good sources of β-carotene and provitamin A. Juliana Pereira Faria, Egle M. A. Siqueira, Roberto Fontes Vieira and Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Cost, Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Oct. 2011, vol.33, no.spe1, doi:10.1590/S0100-29452011000500084
- ^ a b von Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp (1826). Historia Naturalis Palmarum - opus tripartium (in Latin). Vol. 2. Leipzig: T. O. Weigel. pp. 114–115. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.506.
- ^ Wunderlin, R. P.; Hansen, B. F.; Franck, A. R.; Essig, F. B. (16 September 2018). "Butia capitata - Species Page". Atlas of Florida Plants. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
Recent taxonomy suggests B. odorata is the species naturalized in Florida, which has globose fruits, small midrib bundles completely encircling the fibrous cylinder, and does not have raphide-containing idioblasts in the foliar margin, unlike B. capitata (Sant'Anna-Santos et. al 2015)
- ^ Kembrey, Nigel (9 February 2013). "Buita nomenclature -new names". Hardy Tropicals UK. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
- ^ Glassman, Sidney Fredrick (1970). "A conspectus of the palm genus Butia Becc". Fieldiana. 32 (10): 143–145. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.2384. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
- ^ Glassman, Sidney Fredrick (1979). "Re-evaluation of the Genus Butia With a Description of a New Species" (PDF). Principes. 23: 70–71. Retrieved 12 October 2018.