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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{speciesbox
| name = Australian golden whistler
| name = Australian golden whistler
| image = Golden Whistler.jpg
⚫
| image = Pachycephala pectoralis youngi 2.jpg
| image_caption = Male
| image_caption = Male
⚫
| image2 = Pachycephala pectoralis female.jpg
⚫
| image2 = Pachycephala pectoralis female.jpg
| image2_caption = Female, [[Queensland]], Australia
| image2_caption = Female, [[Queensland]], Australia
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN|id=103693368 |title=''Pachycephala pectoralis'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2016.3 |year=2016 |accessdate=3 February 2017}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International. |year=2024 |title=''Pachycephala pectoralis'' |volume=2024 |page=e.T103693368A263821612 |doi= |access-date=8 November 2024}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| genus = Pachycephala
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
⚫
| species = pectoralis
| classis = [[Aves]]
⚫
| authority = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1801)
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Pachycephalidae]]
⚫
| genus = ''[[Pachycephala]]''
⚫
| species = '''''P. pectoralis'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Pachycephala pectoralis''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1801)
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = See text
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms = * ''Muscicapa pectoralis''
| synonyms = {{Specieslist
|Muscicapa pectoralis|
* ''Pachycephala gutturalis''
|Pachycephala gutturalis|
}}
}}
}}


The '''Australian golden whistler''' (''Pachycephala pectoralis''), or '''golden whistler''', is a species of [[bird]] found in forest, woodland, [[Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands|mallee]], mangrove and scrub in Australia (except the interior and most of the north)<ref name=SimpsonDay>Ken Simpson, K., & N. Day. (1994). ''Field Guide to the Birds of Australia.'' 2nd edition. [[Christopher Helm Publishers|Christopher Helm]]. ISBN 0-7136-3930-X.</ref> Most populations are resident, but some in south-eastern Australia migrate north during the winter. Its [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] is highly complex and remains a matter of dispute, with some authorities including as many as 59 [[subspecies]] of the golden whistler (one of the highest numbers of subspecies in any bird),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hbw.com/species/golden-whistler-pachycephala-pectoralis|title=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=Oct 19, 2016}}</ref> while others treat several of these as separate species (as done here).
The '''Australian golden whistler''' ('''''Pachycephala pectoralis''''') or '''golden whistler''', is a species of [[bird]] found in forest, woodland, [[Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands|mallee]], mangrove and scrub in Australia (except the interior and most of the north).<ref name=SimpsonDay>{{cite book|author=Ken Simpson |author2=K. Day |author3=N. Day|year=1994|title=Field Guide to the Birds of Australia|edition=2nd |publisher=[[Christopher Helm Publishers|Christopher Helm]]|isbn=0-7136-3930-X}}</ref> Most populations are resident, but some in south-eastern Australia migrate north during the winter. Its [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] is highly complex and remains a matter of dispute, with some authorities including as many as 59 [[subspecies]] of the golden whistler (one of the highest numbers of subspecies in any bird),<ref>{{Cite taxon|HBWa|url=http://www.hbw.com/species/golden-whistler-pachycephala-pectoralis|title=Golden whistler (''Pachycephala pectoralis'')|access-date=Oct 19, 2016}}</ref> while others treat several of these as separate species. This bird is also known as White-Throated Thickhead in older books.<ref>{{cite book|title=The birds of Australia |volume= 8|author=Mathews, Gregory M.|location=London|publisher=Witherby|year=1910–1927}}</ref>


==Taxonomy and systematics==
==Taxonomy and systematics==
The Australian golden whistler was originally described in the genus ''[[Muscicapa]]'' by the English ornithologist [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]] in 1801.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Latham | first=John | author-link=John Latham (ornithologist) | year=1801 | title=Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae | place=London | publisher=Leigh & Sotheby | language=Latin | url=http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33261425 | page=li }}</ref>
The Australian golden whistler was originally described in the genus ''[[Muscicapa]]'' by the English ornithologist [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]] in 1801.<ref>{{cite book | last=Latham | first=John | author-link=John Latham (ornithologist) | year=1801 | title=Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae | place=London | publisher=Leigh & Sotheby | language=la | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33261425 | page=li }}</ref>


===Subspecies===
===Subspecies===
The taxonomy of the golden whistler [[Species complex|complex]] is difficult, and remains a matter of dispute.<ref name=Clements/><ref>Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2016. [http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/whistlers/ IOC World Bird List (v 6.3)]. doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.6.3. Accessed 19 October 2016.</ref><ref>Dickinson, E. C. Eds. (2003). ''[[The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World]].'' 3rd edition. [[Christopher Helm Publishers|Christopher Helm]]. ISBN 0-7136-6536-X.</ref> Some authorities include a wide range of – often strikingly different – [[taxa]] from Indonesia, East Timor, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Fiji as subspecies of ''P. pectoralis'', in which case the combined species simply is known as the golden whistler (a common name sometimes also used exclusively for the Australian species).
The taxonomy of the golden whistler [[Species complex|complex]] is difficult, and remains a matter of dispute.<ref name=Clements/><ref>{{cite web|editor=Gill, F |editor2= D Donsker|year=2016 |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/whistlers/ |title=IOC World Bird List |version=v 6.3 |doi=10.14344/IOC.ML.6.3|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor=Dickinson, E. C. |year=2003|title=[[The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World]]|edition=3rd |publisher= [[Christopher Helm Publishers|Christopher Helm]]|isbn=0-7136-6536-X}}</ref> Some authorities include a wide range of – often strikingly different – [[taxa]] from Indonesia, East Timor, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Fiji as subspecies of ''P. pectoralis'', in which case the combined species simply is known as the golden whistler (a common name sometimes also used exclusively for the Australian species).

Five remaining [[subspecies]] are recognized:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=August 2024 | title=Whiteheads, sittellas, Ploughbill, Australo-Papuan bellbirds, Shriketit, whistlers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/whistlers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=21 September 2024 }}</ref>


Presently, six remaining [[subspecies]] are recognized:<ref>{{Cite journal|title=IOC World Bird List 6.3|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ioc-lists/crossref|journal=IOC World Bird List Datasets|doi=10.14344/ioc.ml.6.3}}</ref>
* ''P. p. pectoralis'' - <small>([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1801)</small>: Found in eastern Australia
* ''P. p. pectoralis'' - <small>([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1801)</small>: Found in eastern Australia
* '''[[Norfolk golden whistler]]''' (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') - <small>[[John Gould|Gould]], 1838</small>: Originally described as a separate species. Found on [[Norfolk Island]] (Australia).
* '''[[Norfolk golden whistler]]''' (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') - <small>[[John Gould|Gould]], 1838</small>: Originally described as a separate species. Found on [[Norfolk Island]] (Australia).
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* ''P. p. youngi'' - <small>[[Gregory Mathews|Mathews]], 1912</small>: Found in south-eastern Australia
* ''P. p. youngi'' - <small>[[Gregory Mathews|Mathews]], 1912</small>: Found in south-eastern Australia
* ''P. p. glaucura'' - <small>Gould, 1845</small>: Originally described as a separate species. Found in [[Tasmania]] and the [[Bass Strait Islands]] (Australia)
* ''P. p. glaucura'' - <small>Gould, 1845</small>: Originally described as a separate species. Found in [[Tasmania]] and the [[Bass Strait Islands]] (Australia)
* ''P. p. fuliginosa'' - <small>[[Nicholas Aylward Vigors|Vigors]] & [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1827</small>: Originally described as a separate species. Found in south-central Australia


Some authorities also consider the following related species as subspecies of the Australian golden whistler:<ref name=Clements>Clements, J. F. (2007). ''[[The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World]].'' 6th edition. ISBN 978-0-7136-8695-1.</ref>
Some authorities also consider the following related species as subspecies of the Australian golden whistler:<ref name=Clements>{{cite book|author=Clements, J. F. |year=2007|title=[[The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World]]|publisher=Christopher Helm |edition=6th|isbn=978-0-7136-8695-1}}</ref>
* [[Rusty-breasted whistler|Rusty-breasted (fulvous-tinted) whistler]] (as ''P. p. fulvotincta'') from south-western [[Wallacea]], [[Bali]] and [[Java]] in Indonesia.
* [[Rusty-breasted whistler|Rusty-breasted (fulvous-tinted) whistler]] from south-western [[Wallacea]], [[Bali]] and [[Java]] in Indonesia.
* [[Yellow-throated whistler]] (as ''P. p. macrorhyncha'') from central and south-eastern Wallacea.
* [[Yellow-throated whistler]] from central and south-eastern Wallacea.
* [[Baliem whistler]] (as ''P. p. balim'') from west-central New Guinea.
* [[Baliem whistler]] from west-central New Guinea.
* [[Black-chinned whistler]] (as ''P. p. mentalis'') from [[North Maluku]] in Indonesia.
* [[Black-chinned whistler]] from [[North Maluku]] in Indonesia.
* [[Bismarck whistler]] (as ''P. p. citreogaster'') from the [[Bismarck Archipelago|Bismarck]] and [[Louisiade Archipelago]]s in Papua New Guinea.
* [[Bismarck whistler]] from the [[Bismarck Archipelago|Bismarck]] and [[Louisiade Archipelago]]s in Papua New Guinea.
* [[Oriole whistler]] (as ''P. p. orioloides'') from the Solomons (except [[Santa Cruz Islands]]), and the islands of [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]] and [[Buka Island|Buka]] in far eastern Papua New Guinea.
* [[Oriole whistler]] from the Solomons (except [[Santa Cruz Islands]]), and the islands of [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]] and [[Buka Island|Buka]] in far eastern Papua New Guinea.
* [[Fiji whistler]] (as ''P. p.graeffii'') from central and northern islands in Fiji.
* [[Fiji whistler]] from central and northern islands in Fiji.
* [[White-throated whistler]] (as ''P. p.vitiensis'') from southern islands in Fiji, and the central and northern Santa Cruz Islands in the Solomons.
* [[White-throated whistler]] from southern islands in Fiji, and the central and northern Santa Cruz Islands in the Solomons.


Additionally, all except the [[nominate subspecies]] of the [[Melanesian whistler]] are sometimes included as subspecies of ''P. pectoralis'' (in which case ''P. caledonica'' is known as the [[New Caledonian whistler]]).<ref name=HBW/> Historically even the New Caledonian, [[Tongan whistler|Tongan]] and [[Samoan whistler]] have been treated as subspecies of ''P. pectoralis''.<ref name=HBW/> Strong published evidence in favour of either treatment is limited, and further study is warranted to resolve the situation.<ref name=HBW/>
Additionally, all except the [[nominate subspecies]] of the [[Melanesian whistler]] are sometimes included as subspecies of ''P. pectoralis'' (in which case ''P. caledonica'' is known as the [[New Caledonian whistler]]).<ref name=HBW/> Historically even the New Caledonian, [[Tongan whistler|Tongan]] and [[Samoan whistler]] have been treated as subspecies of ''P. pectoralis''.<ref name=HBW/> Strong published evidence in favour of either treatment is limited, and further study is warranted to resolve the situation.<ref name=HBW/>
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[[File:Golden Whistler male kobble08.jpg|thumb|Male, [[Queensland]], Australia]]
[[File:Golden Whistler male kobble08.jpg|thumb|Male, [[Queensland]], Australia]]
[[File:Pachycephala pectoralis -Wollery, Denmark, Western Australia, Australia -juvenile-8.jpg|thumb|A juvenile Australian golden whistler]]
[[File:Pachycephala pectoralis -Wollery, Denmark, Western Australia, Australia -juvenile-8.jpg|thumb|A juvenile Australian golden whistler]]
[[File:Golden Whistler singing.jpg|thumb|Male golden whistler singing, [[Mallacoota]], Australia]]
[[File:Song of the Australian Golden Whistler.ogg|thumb|Song of the Australian golden whistler (''Pachycephala pectoralis'') recorded October 22, 2018, in [[Mallacoota]], Victoria, Australia]]


The male has a bright yellow underside and nape, [[Olive (colour)|olive]]-green back and wings, a black head and chest-band, and a white throat. A notable exception is the Norfolk golden whistler (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') where the [[plumage]] of the male is female-like. In Australia females are overall dull brownish-grey, though some have yellowish undertail [[Covert (feather)|coverts]]. Both sexes have a black bill, dark legs and red-brown eyes.<ref name=HBW>Boles, W. E. (2007). Golden Whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis). Pp. 421–423 in: del Hoyo, J., A. Elliot, & D. Christie. Eds. (2007). ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]''. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2</ref>
The male has a bright yellow underside and nape, [[Olive (colour)|olive]]-green back and wings, a black head and chest-band, and a white throat. A notable exception is the Norfolk golden whistler (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') where the [[plumage]] of the male is female-like. In Australia females are overall dull brownish-grey, though some have yellowish undertail [[Covert (feather)|coverts]]. Both sexes have a black bill, dark legs and red-brown eyes.<ref name=HBW>{{Cite taxon|BOW|author=Boles, W. E. |title=Golden Whistler (''Pachycephala pectoralis'') |pages=421–423 |editor=del Hoyo, J.|editor2= A. Elliot |editor3= D. Christie |year=2007|series=[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]|volume=12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees |publisher=Lynx Edicions|location=Barcelona|isbn=978-84-96553-42-2}}</ref>


Australian golden whistlers have a strong, musical voice.<ref name=SimpsonDay/>
Australian golden whistlers have a strong, musical voice.<ref name=SimpsonDay/>
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==Status==
==Status==
The Australian golden whistler is considered to be of [[least concern]],<ref name=IUCN/> and it is generally described as common to fairly common.<ref name=HBW/>
The Australian golden whistler is considered to be of [[least concern]],<ref name="iucn"/> and it is generally described as common to fairly common.<ref name=HBW/>


The Norfolk golden whistler (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') declined for many years due to [[habitat loss]] and fragmentation and possibly also due to [[Introduced species|introduced]] predators such as the black rat<ref name=HBW/> Most of the population is now restricted to the [[Norfolk Island National Park]].<ref name=HBW/> This has resulted in it being listed as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]] by the Australian Government.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=64444 Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta — Golden Whistler (Norfolk Island).] [[Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts]]. Accessed 10 February 2010.</ref> Another island subspecies, the Lord Howe golden whistler (''P. p. contempta'') remains common,<ref name=HBW/> but was listed as vulnerable by the Australian Government due to its small range.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/pubs/list-threat-sp.pdf List of Extinct, Threatened and Near Threatened Australian birds.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005024134/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/pubs/list-threat-sp.pdf |date=October 5, 2012 }} The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000. Accessed 10 February 2010.</ref> It is not listed anymore.<ref>[[EPBC Act]]: [http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicthreatenedlist.pl?wanted=fauna List of Threatened Fauna.] [[DEWHA]]. Accessed 10 February 2010.</ref>
The Norfolk golden whistler (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') declined for many years due to [[habitat loss]] and fragmentation and possibly also due to [[Introduced species|introduced]] predators such as the black rat.<ref name=HBW/> Most of the population is now restricted to the [[Norfolk Island National Park]].<ref name=HBW/> This has resulted in it being listed as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]] by the Australian Government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=64444 |title=''Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta'' — Golden Whistler (Norfolk Island)|publisher=[[Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts]]|access-date=10 February 2010}}</ref> Another island subspecies, the Lord Howe golden whistler (''P. p. contempta'') remains common,<ref name=HBW/> but was listed as vulnerable by the Australian Government due to its small range.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/pubs/list-threat-sp.pdf |title=List of Extinct, Threatened and Near Threatened Australian birds|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005024134/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/pubs/list-threat-sp.pdf |archive-date=October 5, 2012 |series=The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000|access-date=10 February 2010}}</ref> It is not listed anymore.<ref>{{cite web|series=[[EPBC Act]]|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicthreatenedlist.pl?wanted=fauna |title=List of Threatened Fauna|publisher=[[DEWHA]]|access-date= 10 February 2010}}</ref>


[[File:Pachycephala pectoralis calling - Meehan Range.ogv|thumb|thumbtime=10|300px|right|Meehan Range, Tasmania]]
[[File:Pachycephala pectoralis calling - Meehan Range.ogv|thumb|thumbtime=10|300px|right|Meehan Range, Tasmania]]



== References ==<!-- Emu100:324 -->
== References ==<!-- Emu100:324 -->
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Pachycephala pectoralis}}
{{Commons category|Pachycephala pectoralis}}
{{wikispecies|Pachycephala pectoralis}}
{{Wikispecies|Pachycephala pectoralis}}
* [https://ebird.org/species/golwhi1 Photos and audio of golden whistler on eBird]
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/golden-whistler-pachycephala-pectoralis Golden whistler videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [https://xeno-canto.org/explore?query=Australian%20Golden%20Whistler Sonograms of golden whistler on xeno-canto]
* [http://www.graemechapman.com.au/library/viewphotos.php?c=559 Photos and calls of golden whistler by Graeme Chapman]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1584926}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:whistler, golden, Australian}}
[[Category:Pachycephala|Australian golden whistler]]
[[Category:Pachycephala|Australian golden whistler]]
[[Category:Birds of Australia|Australian golden whistler]]
[[Category:Birds of Australia|Australian golden whistler]]

Latest revision as of 12:05, 8 November 2024

Australian golden whistler
Male
Female, Queensland, Australia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Pachycephalidae
Genus: Pachycephala
Species:
P. pectoralis
Binomial name
Pachycephala pectoralis
(Latham, 1801)
Subspecies

See text

Synonyms
  • Muscicapa pectoralis
  • Pachycephala gutturalis

The Australian golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis) or golden whistler, is a species of bird found in forest, woodland, mallee, mangrove and scrub in Australia (except the interior and most of the north).[2] Most populations are resident, but some in south-eastern Australia migrate north during the winter. Its taxonomy is highly complex and remains a matter of dispute, with some authorities including as many as 59 subspecies of the golden whistler (one of the highest numbers of subspecies in any bird),[3] while others treat several of these as separate species. This bird is also known as White-Throated Thickhead in older books.[4]

Taxonomy and systematics

[edit]

The Australian golden whistler was originally described in the genus Muscicapa by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801.[5]

Subspecies

[edit]

The taxonomy of the golden whistler complex is difficult, and remains a matter of dispute.[6][7][8] Some authorities include a wide range of – often strikingly different – taxa from Indonesia, East Timor, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Fiji as subspecies of P. pectoralis, in which case the combined species simply is known as the golden whistler (a common name sometimes also used exclusively for the Australian species).

Five remaining subspecies are recognized:[9]

Some authorities also consider the following related species as subspecies of the Australian golden whistler:[6]

Additionally, all except the nominate subspecies of the Melanesian whistler are sometimes included as subspecies of P. pectoralis (in which case P. caledonica is known as the New Caledonian whistler).[10] Historically even the New Caledonian, Tongan and Samoan whistler have been treated as subspecies of P. pectoralis.[10] Strong published evidence in favour of either treatment is limited, and further study is warranted to resolve the situation.[10]

Description

[edit]
Male, Queensland, Australia
A juvenile Australian golden whistler
Male golden whistler singing, Mallacoota, Australia
Song of the Australian golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis) recorded October 22, 2018, in Mallacoota, Victoria, Australia

The male has a bright yellow underside and nape, olive-green back and wings, a black head and chest-band, and a white throat. A notable exception is the Norfolk golden whistler (P. p. xanthoprocta) where the plumage of the male is female-like. In Australia females are overall dull brownish-grey, though some have yellowish undertail coverts. Both sexes have a black bill, dark legs and red-brown eyes.[10]

Australian golden whistlers have a strong, musical voice.[2]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

The Australian golden whistler can be found in almost any wooded habitat, especially dense forests. It eats berries, insects, spiders, and other small arthropods. They usually feed alone and obtain food from the lower to middle tree level, or they may alternatively take part in mixed-species feeding flocks.

Behaviour

[edit]

This species breeds between September and January. Male and female both work on the nest, which is a shallow bowl made of twigs, grass, and bark, and bound together with spider web. Only one brood is raised per season and both birds share incubation and care of young. Eggs hatch 15 days after they are laid and the young leave the nest after 12 days.

Status

[edit]

The Australian golden whistler is considered to be of least concern,[1] and it is generally described as common to fairly common.[10]

The Norfolk golden whistler (P. p. xanthoprocta) declined for many years due to habitat loss and fragmentation and possibly also due to introduced predators such as the black rat.[10] Most of the population is now restricted to the Norfolk Island National Park.[10] This has resulted in it being listed as vulnerable by the Australian Government.[11] Another island subspecies, the Lord Howe golden whistler (P. p. contempta) remains common,[10] but was listed as vulnerable by the Australian Government due to its small range.[12] It is not listed anymore.[13]

Meehan Range, Tasmania


References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b BirdLife International. (2024). "Pachycephala pectoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T103693368A263821612. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b Ken Simpson; K. Day; N. Day (1994). Field Guide to the Birds of Australia (2nd ed.). Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-3930-X.
  3. ^ "Golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved Oct 19, 2016.
  4. ^ Mathews, Gregory M. (1910–1927). The birds of Australia. Vol. 8. London: Witherby.
  5. ^ Latham, John (1801). Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae (in Latin). London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. li.
  6. ^ a b Clements, J. F. (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6th ed.). Christopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-8695-1.
  7. ^ Gill, F; D Donsker, eds. (2016). "IOC World Bird List". v 6.3. doi:10.14344/IOC.ML.6.3. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  8. ^ Dickinson, E. C., ed. (2003). The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World (3rd ed.). Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-6536-X.
  9. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Whiteheads, sittellas, Ploughbill, Australo-Papuan bellbirds, Shriketit, whistlers". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Boles, W. E. (2007). del Hoyo, J.; A. Elliot; D. Christie (eds.). "Golden Whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis)". Birds of the World Online. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 421–423. ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2.
  11. ^ "Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta — Golden Whistler (Norfolk Island)". Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
  12. ^ "List of Extinct, Threatened and Near Threatened Australian birds" (PDF). The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
  13. ^ "List of Threatened Fauna". EPBC Act. DEWHA. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
[edit]
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