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{{short description|Chivalric order of the Ottoman Empire}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2011}}
{{For|the medieval Order of the Crescent|Ordre du Croissant}}
[[Image:Ster van de Orde van de Halve Maan Turkije 1800.jpg|thumb|The star as painted by Gustav Adolph Ackermann 1855]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{infobox award
| name = Imperial Order of the Crescent<br />''نشانِ خلال''
| image = Ster van de Orde van de Halve Maan Turkije 1800.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = The star of the Order of the Crescent of the Ottoman Empire
| presenter = <br /> [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|35px]] <br /> [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Sultan]]
| country = {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
| type = [[Order (honour)|Order of Merit]]
| eligibility = Non-muslims
| awarded_for = Military service
| campaign =
| status = No longer awarded
| description =
| motto =
| clasps =
| post-nominals =
| established = 1799
| firstawarded =
| lastawarded =
| total_awarded =
| total_awarded_posthumously =
| total_recipients =
| precedence_label =
| individual =
| higher =
| same =
| lower =
| related =
| image2 = [[File:OTT_Order_of_the_Crescent_BAR.svg|100px]]
| caption2 = Ribbon of the order
}}
[[Image:HoratioNelson1Crescent.jpg|thumb|[[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Nelson]], by Lemuel Francis Abbott - his Order of the Crescent, circled, is here painted the right way up.]]
[[Image:HoratioNelson1Crescent.jpg|thumb|[[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Nelson]], by Lemuel Francis Abbott - his Order of the Crescent, circled, is here painted the right way up.]]
:''For the medieval Order of the Crescent, see [[Ordre du Croissant]].''
The '''Imperial Order of the Crescent''' ({{langx|ota|نشانِ خلال}}) was a [[chivalric order]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
⚫
The '''Imperial Order of the Crescent''' (in Ottoman Turkish ''Hilal Nişanı'') was a [[chivalric order]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. It was instituted in 1799 by [[Sultan]] [[Selim III]] when he wished to reward [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]], an [[Church of England|Anglican]] [[Christian]], for his victory at the [[Battle of the Nile]]. None of the existing [[Ottoman Dynasty|Ottoman]] orders could be awarded to non-[[Muslim]]s, so Selim specially created the Order of the Crescent for Nelson, making him its first Knight and sending him the insignia in August 1799. (He also rewarded Nelson with the separate award of the [[chelengk]].) The Order was then extended to reward further British military successes on land and sea against [[Napoleon I|Napoleon's]] forces in [[Egypt]] and the Eastern [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] in 1801.


==History==
⚫
Nelson was so proud of his award that he appended it to his name in the Articles of Capitulation with Denmark after the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1801)|Battle of Copenhagen]] on 9 April 1801 (news of which appending so pleased the Sultan that he added a ribbon and gold medal to Nelson's star). However, the British [[Royal Warrant]] at the [[College of Arms]] allowing him to wear it is only dated 20 March 1802. Nelson also constantly wore a replica of his Order of the Crescent on his British naval uniform coats, though on the coat he wore at the [[Battle of Trafalgar]] it is sewn on upside-down and in his posthumous portrait by [[Arthur William Devis]] it is shown the wrong way up.
⚫
The order was instituted in 1799 by [[Sultan]] [[Selim III]] when he wished to reward [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]], an [[Church of England|Anglican]] [[Christians|Christian]], for his victory at the [[Battle of the Nile]].<ref name=nelson>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutnelson.co.uk/crescent.htm|title=The Imperial Order of The Ottoman Crescent|publisher=About Nelson|access-date=5 March 2016}}</ref> None of the existing [[Ottoman Dynasty|Ottoman]] orders could be awarded to non-[[Muslim]]s, so Selim specially created the Order of the Crescent for Nelson, making him its first Knight and sending him the insignia in August 1799. (He also rewarded Nelson with the separate award of the [[chelengk]].) The Order was then extended to reward further British military successes on land and sea against [[Napoleon I|Napoleon's]] forces in [[Egypt]] and the Eastern [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] in 1801.<ref name=nelson/>


⚫
Nelson was so proud of his award that he appended it to his name in the Articles of Capitulation with Denmark after the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1801)|Battle of Copenhagen]] on 9 April 1801 (news of which appending so pleased the Sultan that he added a ribbon and gold medal to Nelson's star). However, the British [[Royal warrant (document)|Royal Warrant]] at the [[College of Arms]] allowing him to wear it is only dated 20 March 1802.<ref name=nelson/>
⚫
Recipients (usually naval or army officers or representatives of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] or [[France]], highly present in the region during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]) were awarded a lozenge-shaped silver radiant star, embroidered in silver thread on an [[Azure (heraldry)|azure]] background with a [[star and crescent]] in the centre, and a red ribbon, to be worn with the crescent to the star's left. The order had two degrees, Knight First Class and Knight Second Class: the First Class members wore the insignia like a scarf, with the badge appendant (hung from the collar), whilst Second Class knights wore a slightly smaller version with no star, jewelling or ornamentation and a narrower ribbon [[saltire|saltier]]-wise (on a diagonal ribbon from one shoulder to the opposite waist).
⚫
[[Image:Sebastianilegiondhonneur.jpg|thumb|[[Sébastiani de La Porta]] with his star, the wrong way up.]]


⚫
Recipients (usually naval or army officers or representatives of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] or France, highly present in the region during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]) were awarded a lozenge-shaped silver radiant star, embroidered in silver thread on an [[Azure (heraldry)|azure]] background with a [[star and crescent]] in the centre, and a red ribbon, to be worn with the crescent to the star's left. The order had two degrees, Knight First Class and Knight Second Class: the First Class members wore the insignia like a scarf, with the badge appendant (hung from the collar), whilst Second Class knights wore a slightly smaller version with no star, jewelling or ornamentation and a narrower ribbon [[saltire|saltier]]-wise (on a diagonal ribbon from one shoulder to the opposite waist).<ref name=nelson/>
⚫
British recipients sometimes used the [[postnominal letters]] '''KC'''.<ref>For example in {{London Gazette|issue=21640|startpage=4051|date=12 December 1854}}.</ref>
⚫
[[File:SebastianiTassaert.jpg|thumb|[[Sébastiani de La Porta]] with his star, the wrong way up.]]

⚫
British recipients sometimes used the [[postnominal letters]] '''KC'''.<ref>For example in {{London Gazette|issue=21640|page=4051|date=12 December 1854}}.</ref>


==Recipients==
==Recipients==
*[[Horatio Nelson]], Knight, 1799, by Selim III
*[[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]], Knight, 1799, by Selim III<ref name=nelson/>
*[[Thomas Staines]], [[circa|c.]] 1801, by Selim III<ref>[http://books.google.ca/books?id=QQYcAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA255&lpg=PA255&dq=Thomas+Staines+Order+of+the+Crescent&source=bl&ots=AUXS2dYGlL&sig=RoR9azoL_P0jJUDh3TnFNnptYtM&hl=en&ei=SmvmTPruMcvwnge6ju3uDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Thomas%20Staines%20Order%20of%20the%20Crescent&f=false Thomas Staines] obituary in ''The United service magazine, Volume 1870, Issue 3'', p. 255</ref>
*[[Thomas Staines]], {{circa|1801}}, by Selim III<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QQYcAQAAIAAJ&dq=Thomas+Staines+Order+of+the+Crescent&pg=PA255 Thomas Staines] obituary in ''The United service magazine, Volume 1870, Issue 3'', p. 255</ref>
*[[Charles Marsh Schomberg]], Knight, 1801, by Selim III<ref name="marshall">{{cite book |last=Marshall |first=John |author-link=John Marshall (biographer) |title=Royal Naval Biography : or Memoirs of the services of all the flag-officers, superannuated rear-admirals, retired-captains, post-captains and commanders, whose names appeared on the Admiralty list of sea officers at the commencement of the year 1760, or who have since been promoted; illustrated by a series of historical and explanatory notes. With copious addenda. |volume=II, Part II |pages=[https://archive.org/details/royalnavalbiopt202marsuoft/page/817 817]–838 |year=1825 |publisher=[[Longman|Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green]] |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/royalnavalbiopt202marsuoft |access-date=21 November 2013 }}</ref>
*[[Charles Marsh Schomberg]], Knight, 1801, by Selim III
*[[Philip Beaver]] Captain of the Royal Navy 1801
*[[Philip Beaver]] Captain of the Royal Navy 1801<ref>Smyth, p. 154</ref>
*[[John Hely-Hutchinson, 2nd Earl of Donoughmore|Lord Hutchinson]], Knight Ist Class, by Selim III
*[[John Hely-Hutchinson, 2nd Earl of Donoughmore|Lord Hutchinson]], Knight Ist Class, by Selim III<ref name=nelson/>
*Major General [[Eyre Coote (British Army officer)|Sir Eyre Coote]], Knight Ist Class, by Selim III
*Major General [[Eyre Coote (British Army officer)|Sir Eyre Coote]], Knight Ist Class, by Selim III<ref name=nelson/>
*[[George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith|Lord Keith]], Knight Ist Class, by Selim III
*[[George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith|Lord Keith]], Knight Ist Class, by Selim III<ref name=nelson/>
*[[Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet|Sir Richard Bickerton]], Knight Ist Class, by Selim III
*[[Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet|Sir Richard Bickerton]], Knight Ist Class, by Selim III<ref name=nelson/>
*[[Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta|Sébastiani de La Porta]], Knight Ist Class, 1807, by [[Mustafa IV]]
*[[Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta|Sébastiani de La Porta]], Knight Ist Class, 1807, by [[Mustafa IV]]<ref name="massey">Pierre François Marie Massey de Tyronne, ''Biographie des députés de la Chambre septennale de 1824 à 1830'', J.-G. Dentu, Paris, 1826, p.566–571</ref>
*[[Sir William Houston, 1st Baronet]], c.1801, Knight Second Class
* [[Armand Charles Guilleminot]], Knight<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maisonrc.com/en/lot/91966/10130855|title=ECOLE FRANÇAISE DU MILIEU DU XIXE SIÈCLE... - LOT 83 - MAISON R&C, COMMISSAIRES-PRISEURS ASSOCIÉS|date=n.d.|publisher=Maison R&C - Associate Auctioneers|access-date=2022-01-02|language=fr}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Smyth|first=William Henry|title=The life and services of captain Philip Beaver|publisher=Murray|year=1829|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeandservices00smytgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/lifeandservices00smytgoog/page/n174 154]|quote=Philip Beaver order of the crescent.}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/nelson/viewObject.cfm?ID=REL0121 Nelson's replica Order of the Crescent]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090218231010/http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/nelson/viewObject.cfm?ID=REL0121 Nelson's replica Order of the Crescent]
*[http://www.medals.org.uk/turkey/turkey007.htm www.medals.org.uk]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080124050930/http://www.medals.org.uk/turkey/turkey007.htm www.medals.org.uk]
*[http://www.aboutnelson.co.uk/crescent.htm www.aboutnelson.co.uk]


[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Ottoman Empire|Crescent]]
[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Ottoman Empire|Crescent]]

Latest revision as of 12:33, 8 November 2024

For the medieval Order of the Crescent, see Ordre du Croissant.

Imperial Order of the Crescent
نشانِ خلال
The star of the Order of the Crescent of the Ottoman Empire
TypeOrder of Merit
Awarded forMilitary service
Country Ottoman Empire
Presented by

Ottoman Sultan
EligibilityNon-muslims
StatusNo longer awarded
Established1799
Ribbon of the order
Nelson, by Lemuel Francis Abbott - his Order of the Crescent, circled, is here painted the right way up.

The Imperial Order of the Crescent (Ottoman Turkish: نشانِ خلال) was a chivalric order of the Ottoman Empire.

History

[edit]

The order was instituted in 1799 by Sultan Selim III when he wished to reward Horatio Nelson, an Anglican Christian, for his victory at the Battle of the Nile.[1] None of the existing Ottoman orders could be awarded to non-Muslims, so Selim specially created the Order of the Crescent for Nelson, making him its first Knight and sending him the insignia in August 1799. (He also rewarded Nelson with the separate award of the chelengk.) The Order was then extended to reward further British military successes on land and sea against Napoleon's forces in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean in 1801.[1]

Nelson was so proud of his award that he appended it to his name in the Articles of Capitulation with Denmark after the Battle of Copenhagen on 9 April 1801 (news of which appending so pleased the Sultan that he added a ribbon and gold medal to Nelson's star). However, the British Royal Warrant at the College of Arms allowing him to wear it is only dated 20 March 1802.[1]

Recipients (usually naval or army officers or representatives of Britain or France, highly present in the region during the Napoleonic Wars) were awarded a lozenge-shaped silver radiant star, embroidered in silver thread on an azure background with a star and crescent in the centre, and a red ribbon, to be worn with the crescent to the star's left. The order had two degrees, Knight First Class and Knight Second Class: the First Class members wore the insignia like a scarf, with the badge appendant (hung from the collar), whilst Second Class knights wore a slightly smaller version with no star, jewelling or ornamentation and a narrower ribbon saltier-wise (on a diagonal ribbon from one shoulder to the opposite waist).[1]

Sébastiani de La Porta with his star, the wrong way up.

British recipients sometimes used the postnominal letters KC.[2]

Recipients

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "The Imperial Order of The Ottoman Crescent". About Nelson. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  2. ^ For example in "No. 21640". The London Gazette. 12 December 1854. p. 4051..
  3. ^ Thomas Staines obituary in The United service magazine, Volume 1870, Issue 3, p. 255
  4. ^ Marshall, John (1825). Royal Naval Biography : or Memoirs of the services of all the flag-officers, superannuated rear-admirals, retired-captains, post-captains and commanders, whose names appeared on the Admiralty list of sea officers at the commencement of the year 1760, or who have since been promoted; illustrated by a series of historical and explanatory notes. With copious addenda. Vol. II, Part II. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. pp. 817–838. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  5. ^ Smyth, p. 154
  6. ^ Pierre François Marie Massey de Tyronne, Biographie des députés de la Chambre septennale de 1824 à 1830, J.-G. Dentu, Paris, 1826, p.566–571
  7. ^ "ECOLE FRANÇAISE DU MILIEU DU XIXE SIÈCLE... - LOT 83 - MAISON R&C, COMMISSAIRES-PRISEURS ASSOCIÉS" (in French). Maison R&C - Associate Auctioneers. n.d. Retrieved 2 January 2022.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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