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Persian Gulf National Day (Persian: روز ملی خلیج فارس) is an official holiday in Iran observed on the 10th day of Ordibehesht, the second month in the Iranian calendar. This usually coincides with 29 or 30 April of the Gregorian calendar.^[1] The purpose of this holiday is to celebrate the history, name, and significance of the Persian Gulf. The holiday commemorates the day that combined forces of the Safavid Empire and the British East India Company captured Ormuz expelled the Portuguese from the Strait of Hormuz.^[2]

Background

The Persian Gulf, in Western Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.^[3] The Tehran Times notes that the term Persian Gulf and its translations have been used since earlier than 400 BC in many languages, and especially in the Arabic language. On almost all the maps printed before 1960 and in most modern international treaties, documents and plans, this water basin is known as the "Persian Gulf". The 10th day of Ordibehesht has been designated as the Persian Gulf National Day to commemorate the historic victory and also serves as a reminder of the real name of the Persian Gulf.^[2]

The establishment of National Persian Gulf Day was a response to the movement among pan-Arabists to rename the Persian Gulf the Arabian Gulf. The Arab League officially recognized the name Arabian Gulf in 1964, but most international bodies, including the United Nations and International Hydrographic Organization use the term Persian Gulf. Arab states of the Persian Gulf largely use the term Arabian Gulf.^[4] The United States use the term Persian Gulf,^[5] though the practice of the United States Fifth Fleet, based in Bahrain, is to use the preferred term of the host nation.^[6]

Iran established Persian Gulf National Day in 2005.^[7] The day is marked with various ceremonies in Iran, especially in the coastal cities of the Persian Gulf.^[8]

The date commemorates the Anglo-Persian capture of Ormuz in 1622 which drove Portuguese colonial forces out of the Strait of Hormuz. The Postal Service of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has issued a series of stamps commemorating "the national day of Persian Gulf".^[9]

Anglo-Persian conquest of Hormuz

In the Persian–Portuguese war, Safavid Iran and the British East India Company challenged Portugal and The Kingdom of Ormus for supremacy in the Persian Gulf. In 1602, the Safavid army under the command of Imam-Quli Khan expelled the Portuguese from Bahrain.^[2]^[10] In 1612, the Portuguese Empire took the city of Gamrūn and transliterated the name to Comorão. Almost two years later (in 1615), Comorão was taken by 'Abbās the Great after a naval battle with the Portuguese and renamed Bandar-e' Abbās, or "Port of 'Abbās".^[2]

In 1622, with the help of four English ships, Shah Abbas and Persians took Hormuz from the Portuguese in the Capture of Ormuz (1622).^[11]

Registration as a day of National Heritage

In 2010, traditional naval documentation of the Persian Gulf was registered on Iran's National Heritage List. The decision was made by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization and presided over by former vice President Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei, to register the day as a day of national heritage. The campaign launched by individual Arab states to rename the Persian Gulf which drove this decision.^[12]^[13] The Iranian postal authority has issued a series of stamps commemorating the day.^[14] In October 2018, the WIPO, the intellectual property agency of the UN, certified Persian Gulf Pearl based on the Lisbon Agreement. According to the agreement, based on international law, no country, government, or organization can use another name to refer to the Persian Gulf Pearl brand.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ "Iran to celebrate Persian Gulf National Day". Tehran Times. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rahmani, Morteza (29 April 2020). "Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth". Tehran Times. Retrieved 10 June 2020. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^ United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Working Paper No. 61, 23rd Session, Vienna, 27 March – 4 April 2006. accessed October 9, 2010
^ Henderson, Simon (Spring 2004). "Understanding the Gulf States". The Washington Institute. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
^ "Persian Gulf States Country Studies" (PDF). American Memory from the Library of Congress. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
^ "Navy Causes Controversy by Changing 'Persian Gulf' to 'Arabian Gulf'". AllGov. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
^ Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam
^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
^ Persian Gulf stamps, Retrieved on 26 February 2009.
^ Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", p. 186, through JSTOR. [1]
^ Nahavandi and Bomati pp. 159-162
^ "Iran Names Persian Gulf National Day" Archived 1 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
^ "Iranians To Observe Persian Gulf Day". Tehran Times. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
^ Documents on the Persian Gulf's name Dr.Mohammad Ajam

External links

Interview with the proposer of the Persian Gulf National Day
Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [2]
Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [3]
more Maps and documents from the book: [4]
32 historical map of Persian gulf, from the Documents on the Persian Gulf's name.
france24:Al-Janabi"it has been called the Persian Gulf since Alexander the Great"

[5]

DEC. 2, 2004 Los AngelesTIMES: Iran's Anger Over a New Map Magnifies a Perception Gulf[6]

[1] "Iran to celebrate Persian Gulf National Day". Tehran Times. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2020.

[Times-2] Rahmani, Morteza (29 April 2020). "Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth". Tehran Times. Retrieved 10 June 2020. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[unstats.un.org-3] United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Working Paper No. 61, 23rd Session, Vienna, 27 March – 4 April 2006. accessed October 9, 2010

[4] Henderson, Simon (Spring 2004). "Understanding the Gulf States". The Washington Institute. Retrieved 1 June 2016.

[5] "Persian Gulf States Country Studies" (PDF). American Memory from the Library of Congress. Retrieved 2 June 2016.

[6] "Navy Causes Controversy by Changing 'Persian Gulf' to 'Arabian Gulf'". AllGov. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

[7] Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam

[8] "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018.

[9] Persian Gulf stamps, Retrieved on 26 February 2009.

[10] Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", p. 186, through JSTOR. [1]

[11] Nahavandi and Bomati pp. 159-162

[12] "Iran Names Persian Gulf National Day" Archived 1 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 February 2009.

[13] "Iranians To Observe Persian Gulf Day". Tehran Times. Retrieved 30 April 2010.

[14] Documents on the Persian Gulf's name Dr.Mohammad Ajam

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+{{Short description|Persian Gulf national day}}
-{{Multiple issues|
-{{citation style|date=February 2012}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
+'''Persian Gulf National Day''' ({{langx|fa|روز ملی خلیج فارس}}) is an official holiday in [[Iran]] observed on the 10th day of [[Ordibehesht]], the second month in the [[Iranian calendar]]. This usually coincides with 29 or 30 April of the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-29|title=Iran to celebrate Persian Gulf National Day|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/435264/Iran-to-celebrate-Persian-Gulf-National-Day|access-date=2020-07-05|website=Tehran Times|language=en}}</ref> The purpose of this holiday is to celebrate the history, name, and significance of the [[Persian Gulf]]. The holiday commemorates the day that combined forces of the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid Empire]] and the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] [[Capture of Ormuz (1622)|captured Ormuz]] expelled the Portuguese from the [[Strait of Hormuz]].<ref name="Times">{{cite web |last1=Rahmani |first1=Morteza |title=Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth |website=Tehran Times |accessdate=10 June 2020 |language=en |date=29 April 2020}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]]  Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>
-{{cleanup rewrite|date=April 2012}}
-{{copy edit|reason=remove duplicate and triplicate material and organize|date=June 2020}}
-}}
-'''National Persian Gulf Day''' ({{lang-fa|روز ملی خلیج فارس}}) is an official holiday in [[Iran]] that takes place on the 10th of [[Ordibehesht]], the second month on the [[Iranian calendar]]{{snd}}usually occurring on 29 or 30 April on the Georgian calendar{{snd}}to commemorate the history, name, and significance of the [[Persian Gulf]]. The date coincides with the anniversary of [[Abbas I of Persia]]'s successful military campaign when the [[Portuguese navy|Portuguese occupation]] ended and the Portuguese navy left the [[Strait of Hormuz]] in the [[Capture of Ormuz (1622)]].<ref name="Times">{{cite web |last1=Rahmani |first1=Morteza |title=Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth |website=Tehran Times |accessdate=10 June 2020 |language=en |date=29 April 2020}}  [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]]  Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>
 == Background ==
-[[File:Map of persia.jpg|thumb|the Book that proposed the Persian Gulf National Day 2003 ]]
+[[File:Map of persia.jpg|thumb|The book that proposed the Persian Gulf National Day 2003 ]]
-The ''Tehran Times'' notes that the term the Persian Gulf and its equivalents have been used continuously since earlier than 400 BC in all languages, but especially in the Arabic language. On almost all the maps printed before 1960 and in most modern international treaties, documents, and plans, this body of water is known by the name "Persian Gulf." The 10th day of [[Ordibehesht]] (on April 29 in 2020) has been designated as the Persian Gulf National Day to commemorate the historic victory and also as a reminder of the real name of the Persian Gulf.<ref name="Times"/>
+The Persian Gulf, in [[Western Asia]], is an extension of the [[Indian Ocean]] located between [[Iran]] and the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref name="unstats.un.org">United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf Working Paper No. 61], 23rd Session, Vienna, 27 March – 4 April 2006. accessed October 9, 2010</ref> The ''[[Tehran Times]]'' notes that the term Persian Gulf and its translations have been used since earlier than 400 BC in many languages, and especially in the [[Arabic language influence on the Spanish language|Arabic language]]. On almost all the maps printed before 1960 and in most modern international treaties, documents and plans, this water basin is known as the "Persian Gulf". The 10th day of [[Ordibehesht]] has been designated as the Persian Gulf National Day to commemorate the historic victory and also serves as a reminder of the real name of the Persian Gulf.<ref name="Times"/>
+The establishment of National Persian Gulf Day was a response to the movement among [[Pan-Arabism|pan-Arabists]] to [[Persian Gulf naming dispute|rename the Persian Gulf the Arabian Gulf]]. [[Arab League|The Arab League]] officially recognized the name Arabian Gulf in 1964, but most international bodies, including the [[United Nations]] and International Hydrographic Organization use the term Persian Gulf. [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf]] largely use the term Arabian Gulf.<ref>Henderson, Simon (Spring 2004). "Understanding the Gulf States". ''The Washington Institute''. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</ref> The United States use the term Persian Gulf,<ref>"[http://memory.loc.gov/master/frd/frdcstdy/pe/persiangulfstate00metz_0/persiangulfstate00metz_0.pdf Persian Gulf States Country Studies]" (PDF). ''American Memory from the Library of Congress''. Retrieved 2 June 2016.</ref> though the practice of the [[United States Fifth Fleet]], based in Bahrain, is to use the preferred term of the host nation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Navy Causes Controversy by Changing 'Persian Gulf' to 'Arabian Gulf'|url=http://www.allgov.com/news?news=841875|access-date=2020-06-23|website=AllGov}}</ref>
-Since 1964, Arab-speaking countries have tried to [[Persian Gulf naming dispute|change]] the historical name of the [[Persian Gulf]] in the Arab-language mass media, but Iran has attributed the effort as politically motivated. The Arab-speaking countries also tried to change this name in both the English and non-Arab language media, prompting Iran to announce a national day for preserving the long-used name.
-Persian Gulf Day is an important day for the Iranian people. It has taken place every year since 2004, and is marked with various ceremonies in [[Iran]], especially in the coastal cities of the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJK5NTSzels|title=YouTube|author=|date=|website=www.youtube.com|accessdate=31 March 2018}}</ref> The [[Persian Gulf]], in [[Western Asia]], is an extension of the [[Indian Ocean]] located between [[Iran]] (Persia) and the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref name="unstats.un.org">United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf Working Paper No. 61], 23rd Session, Vienna, 27 March – 4 April 2006. accessed October 9, 2010</ref>
+Iran established Persian Gulf National Day in 2005.<ref>[https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam<!-- -->]</ref> The day is marked with various ceremonies in [[Iran]], especially in the coastal cities of the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJK5NTSzels|title=YouTube|author=|date=|website=www.youtube.com|accessdate=31 March 2018}}</ref>
+The date commemorates the Anglo-Persian [[Capture of Ormuz (1622)|capture of Ormuz in 1622]] which drove [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colonial forces out of the [[Strait of Hormuz]]. [[Iran Post|The Postal Service of the Islamic Republic of Iran]], has issued a series of stamps commemorating "the national day of Persian Gulf".<ref>[http://www.wnsstamps.ch/en/stamps/IR003.08 Persian Gulf stamps], Retrieved on 26 February 2009.</ref>
-In 1964 the [[Arab League]] officially changed the name to the Arabian Gulf (Al Khaleej Al Arabi), apparently a change accepted by many Arab-speaking countries. After the [[Iran–Iraq War]], the decision was realized. The act angered Iranians, mainly when the Arabs used the new appellation in the English mass media. While historical documents show that the waterway has always been referred to as the 'Persian Gulf,' individual Arab states have made efforts to remove 'Persian' from the name of the watercourse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Information sheet|url=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy11pdf02/2010344035.pdf|website=catdir.loc.gov}}</ref> After many gatherings and seminars by the NGOs and the geographers of Iran asking the government to preserve the heritage name of the Persian Gulf, finally, the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], in 2004, officially designated April 30 as the "National [[Persian Gulf]] Day."<ref>[https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth  Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam<!-- -->]</ref>
-The date coincides with the anniversary of [[Abbas I of Persia|Shah Abbas]], a successful military campaign against the [[Portuguese navy]] in the Persian Gulf. The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colonial forces were driven out of the [[Strait of Hormuz]] in the [[Capture of Ormuz (1622)]]. Post Company of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], has issued a series of stamps commemorating "the national day of Persian Gulf."<ref>[http://www.wnsstamps.ch/en/stamps/IR003.08 Persian Gulf stamps], Retrieved on 26 February 2009.</ref>
 [[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumb|500px|Names, routes and locations of the ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea''.]]
-==Persian reconquest of Hormuz==
+==Anglo-Persian conquest of Hormuz==
-In the [[Persian–Portuguese war]] in 1602, by order of [[Abbas I of Persia|Abbas I]], the Persian army under the command of [[Imam-Quli Khan|Imam-Quli Khan,]] managed to expel the Portuguese from [[Bahrain]].<ref name="Times"/><ref>Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", p. 186, through JSTOR. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/163353]</ref> In 1612, the [[Portuguese Empire]] took the city of [[Bandar-Abbas|Gamrūn]] and transliterated the name to '''Comorão'''. Almost two years later (in 1615), Comorão was made by [[Abbas I of Persia|'Abbās the Great]] after a naval battle with the Portuguese and renamed [[Bandar-Abbas|''Bandar-e' Abbās'']], or "Port of 'Abbās."<ref name="Times"/>
+In the [[Persian–Portuguese war]], [[Safavid Iran]] and the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] challenged [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] and [[Ormus|The Kingdom of Ormus]] for supremacy in the Persian Gulf. In 1602, the Safavid army under the command of [[Imam Quli Khan (governor)|Imam-Quli Khan]] expelled the Portuguese from [[Bahrain]].<ref name="Times"/><ref>Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", p. 186, through JSTOR. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/163353]</ref> In 1612, the [[Portuguese Empire]] took the city of [[Bandar-Abbas|Gamrūn]] and transliterated the name to Comorão. Almost two years later (in 1615), Comorão was taken by [[Abbas I of Persia|'Abbās the Great]] after a naval battle with the Portuguese and renamed [[Bandar-Abbas|''Bandar-e' Abbās'']], or "Port of 'Abbās".<ref name="Times"/>
+In 1622, with the help of four English ships, Shah Abbas and Persians took [[Hormuz Island|Hormuz]] from the Portuguese in the [[Capture of Ormuz (1622)]].<ref>Nahavandi and Bomati pp. 159-162</ref>
+== Registration as a day of National Heritage ==
-In 1622, with the help of four English ships, Shah Abbas and Persians retook [[Hormuz Island|Hormuz]] from the Portuguese in the [[Capture of Ormuz (1622)]].<ref>Nahavandi and Bomati pp. 159-162</ref>
+In 2010, traditional naval documentation of the Persian Gulf was registered on Iran's National Heritage List. The decision was made by the [[Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran|Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization]] and presided over by former vice President [[Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei]], to register the day as a day of national heritage. The campaign launched by individual Arab states to rename the Persian Gulf which drove this decision.<ref>[http://www.muslimherald.com/English/EN_News/International/065233849.htm "Iran Names Persian Gulf National Day"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601090505/http://www.muslimherald.com/English/EN_News/International/065233849.htm |date=1 June 2010 }}. Retrieved 26 February 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218557 "Iranians To Observe Persian Gulf Day"]. ''[[Tehran Times]]''. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</ref> The Iranian postal authority has issued a series of stamps commemorating the day.<ref>[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034 Documents on the Persian Gulf's name Dr.Mohammad Ajam<!-- -->]</ref> In October 2018, the [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]], the [[intellectual property]] agency of the [[United Nations|UN]], certified Persian Gulf Pearl based on the [[Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration|Lisbon Agreement]]. According to the agreement, based on [[international law]], no country, government, or organization can use another name to refer to the Persian Gulf Pearl brand.{{cn|date=August 2021}}
-== Registration of the day ==
-In 2010 traditional naval documentation of the Persian Gulf registered on Iran's National Heritage List. The decision was taken by the [[Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran|Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization]], presided over by former vice President [[Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei]], to register the day as the national heritage.  the campaign launched by individual Arab states to rename the Persian Gulf which drove this decision.<ref>[http://www.muslimherald.com/English/EN_News/International/065233849.htm "Iran Names Persian Gulf National Day"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601090505/http://www.muslimherald.com/English/EN_News/International/065233849.htm |date=1 June 2010 }}. Retrieved 26 February 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218557 "Iranians To Observe Persian Gulf Day"]. ''[[Tehran Times]]''.  Retrieved 30 April 2010.</ref> The Iranian postal authority has issued a series of stamps commemorating the day.<ref>[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034  Documents on the Persian Gulf's name Dr.Mohammad Ajam<!-- -->]</ref>  In October 2018, the [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]] as an agency of the [[United Nations|UN]] registered Persian Gulf pearl in the official certificate based on the [[Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration|Lisbon Agreement]]. According to this agreement, based on international law, no country, government, or organization can use another name to refer to the Persian Gulf Pearl brand.<ref>{{cite web|title=UN agency registers 'Persian Gulf' in official certificate|publisher=PressTV|url=http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/10/22/577753/Iran-Persian-Gulf|date=Oct 22, 2018}}</ref>
 == See also ==
@@ Line 39: / Line 35: @@
 ==External links==
 *  [http://shahraraonline.ir/news/73526 Interview with the proposer of the Persian Gulf National Day]
-*Documents on the Persian Gulf’s name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033]
+*Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033]
-*Documents on the Persian Gulf’s name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034]
+*Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034]
-* more Maps and documents from the book: [http://parssea.org/?p=724]
+* more Maps and documents from the book: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220031503/http://parssea.org/?p=724]
-* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/54272266@N06/6863021370/in/photostream/ 32 historical map of Persian gulf],from the Documents on the Persian Gulf's name.
+* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/54272266@N06/6863021370/in/photostream/ 32 historical map of Persian gulf], from the Documents on the Persian Gulf's name.
+*france24:Al-Janabi"it has been called the Persian Gulf since Alexander the Great"
+[https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092227/https://observers.france24.com/en/20100616-web-controversy-persian-gulf-or-arabian-gulf-iran]
+*DEC. 2, 2004 Los AngelesTIMES: Iran's Anger Over a New Map Magnifies a Perception Gulf[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-dec-02-fg-gulfwar2-story.html]
 [[Category:Persian culture]]
 [[Category:April observances]]