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{{Short description|Castle-class corvette of the Royal Navy}}
{{Other ships|HMS Hedingham Castle}}
{{Other ships|HMS Hedingham Castle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
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{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:HMS Orangeville FL17101.jpg|300px]]
|Ship image=HMS Orangeville FL17101.jpg
|Ship caption=As HMCS ''Orangeville'' in 1944
|Ship caption=As HMCS ''Orangeville'' in 1944
}}
}}
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|UK|naval}}
|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=''Hedingham Castle''
|Ship name=''Hedingham Castle''
|Ship namesake= [[Hedingham Castle]]
|Ship namesake= [[Hedingham Castle]]
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|Ship identification=Pennant number: K491
|Ship identification=Pennant number: K491
|Ship fate= Sold for mercantile service
|Ship fate= Sold for mercantile service
|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship homeport=
}}
}}
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*''Hsi Lin'' (1947–51)
*''Hsi Lin'' (1947–51)
|Ship operator=
|Ship operator=
|Ship owner=[[China Merchants Group|China Merchants Steam Navigation Company]]
|Ship owner=
|Ship route=
|Ship route=
|Ship registry=
|Ship registry=
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|Ship identification=
|Ship identification=
|Ship fate=Taken over by [[Taiwan|Nationalist China]] 1951
|Ship fate=Taken over by [[Taiwan|Nationalist China]] 1951
|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship homeport=
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=[[Republic of China|Nationalist China]]
|Ship country=[[Republic of China]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Taiwan|naval}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Taiwan|naval}}
|Ship name=''Te An''
|Ship name=''Te An''
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|Ship identification=
|Ship identification=
|Ship fate= Discarded 1967
|Ship fate= Discarded 1967
|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship homeport=
}}
}}
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=(as built)
|Header caption=(as built)
|Ship type={{sclass2-|Castle|corvette}}
|Ship type={{sclass2|Castle|corvette}}
|Ship displacement={{convert|1060|LT|t|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship displacement={{convert|1060|LT|t|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|252|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|252|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|36|ft|8|in||m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|36|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|13|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|13|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*2 × water-tube boilers
|Ship power=*2 × water-tube boilers
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|Ship armament=*1 × [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|QF 4-inch Mk XIX gun]]
|Ship armament=*1 × [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|QF 4-inch Mk XIX gun]]
*1 × [[Squid (weapon)|Squid]] [[anti-submarine mortar]]
*1 × [[Squid (weapon)|Squid]] [[anti-submarine mortar]]
*1 × depth charge rail, 15 depth charges
*1 × [[Depth charge]] rail, 15 depth charges
*4–10 × 20 mm anti-aircraft cannon
*4–10 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm]] anti-aircraft cannon
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''HMS ''Hedingham Castle''''' was a {{sclass2-|Castle|corvette}} constructed for the [[Royal Navy]] during the [[Second World War]]. Before being completed, the ship was transferred to the [[Royal Canadian Navy]], renamed '''HMCS ''Orangeville''''' and used as a [[convoy]] escort for the rest of the war. Following the war, the ship was sold to Chinese interests for mercantile use and renamed '''''Ta Tung''''' in 1946. In 1947, the ship was renamed '''''Hsi Lin''''' before being taken over by [[Taiwan|Nationalist China]] in 1951, rearmed and renamed '''''Te An'''''. ''Te An'' remained in service until 1967.
'''HMS ''Hedingham Castle''''' was a {{sclass2|Castle|corvette}} constructed for the [[Royal Navy during the Second World War]]. Before being completed, the ship was transferred to the [[Royal Canadian Navy]], renamed '''HMCS ''Orangeville''''' and used as a [[convoy]] escort for the rest of the war. Following the war, the ship was sold to Chinese interests for mercantile use and renamed '''''Ta Tung''''' in 1946. In 1947, the ship was renamed '''''Hsi Lin''''' before being taken over by [[Taiwan|Nationalist China]] in 1951, rearmed and renamed '''''Te An'''''. ''Te An'' remained in service until 1967.


==Design and description==
==Design and description==
The Castle class were an improved corvette design over their predecessor {{sclass2-|Flower|corvette|4}}. The Flower class was not considered acceptable for mid-Atlantic sailing and was only used on Atlantic convoy duty out of need. Though the [[Admiralty]] would have preferred {{sclass2-|Loch|frigate}}s, the inability of many small shipyards to construct the larger ships required them to come up with a smaller vessel. The increased length of the Castle class over their predecessors<ref name=chesneau1>Chesneau, p.63</ref> and their improved hull form gave the Castles better speed and performance on patrol in the North Atlantic and an acceptable replacement for the Flowers.<ref name=brown1>Brown 2007, p.142</ref> This, coupled with improved anti-submarine armament in the form of the [[Squid (weapon)|Squid]] mortar led to a much more capable anti-submarine warfare (ASW) vessel.<ref name=chesneau1/> However, the design did have criticisms, mainly in the way it handled at low speeds and that the class's maximum speed was already slower than the speeds of the new [[U-boat]]s they would be facing.<ref name=brown2>Brown 2007, p.127</ref>
The Castle class were an improved corvette design over their predecessor {{sclass2|Flower|corvette|4}}. The Flower class was not considered acceptable for mid-Atlantic sailing and was only used on Atlantic convoy duty out of need. Though the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] would have preferred {{sclass2|Loch|frigate}}s, the inability of many small shipyards to construct the larger ships required them to come up with a smaller vessel. The increased length of the Castle class over their predecessors<ref name=chesneau1>Chesneau, p.63</ref> and their improved hull form gave the Castles better speed and performance on patrol in the North Atlantic and an acceptable replacement for the Flowers.<ref name=brown1>Brown 2007, p.142</ref> This, coupled with improved anti-submarine armament in the form of the [[Squid (weapon)|Squid]] mortar led to a much more capable anti-submarine warfare (ASW) vessel.<ref name=chesneau1/> However, the design did have criticisms, mainly in the way it handled at low speeds and that the class's maximum speed was already slower than the speeds of the new [[U-boat]]s they would be facing.<ref name=brown2>Brown 2007, p.127</ref>


A Castle-class corvette was {{convert|252|ft|m}} [[Length overall|long]] with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|36|ft|8|in|m}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|13|ft|6|in|m}} at deep load.<ref name=chesneau1/><ref group=note>Brown states the beam at {{convert|36.5|ft|m}} and the draught at {{convert|13.5|ft|m}}</ref> The ships displaced {{convert|1060|t|LT}} standard<ref name=chesneau1/> and {{convert|1580|t|LT}} deep load.<ref name=brown2/><ref group=note>Chesneau states the displacement at deep load as {{convert|1590|-|1630|t|LT|abbr=on}}</ref> The ships had a complement of 120.<ref name=chesneau1/><ref group=note>Brown states the complement as 99 and Johnston states the complement of Canadian ships at 112 (7 officers and 105 ratings).</ref>
A Castle-class corvette was {{convert|252|ft|m}} [[Length overall|long]] with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|36|ft|8|in|m}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|13|ft|6|in|m}} at deep load.<ref name=chesneau1/><ref group=note>Brown states the beam at {{convert|36.5|ft|m}} and the draught at {{convert|13.5|ft|m}}</ref> The ships displaced {{convert|1060|LT|t}} standard<ref name=chesneau1/> and {{convert|1580|LT|t}} deep load.<ref name=brown2/><ref group=note>Chesneau states the displacement at deep load as {{convert|1590|-|1630|LT|t|abbr=on}}</ref> The ships had a complement of 120.<ref name=chesneau1/><ref group=note>Brown states the complement as 99 and Johnston states the complement of Canadian ships at 112 (7 officers and 105 ratings).</ref>


The ships were powered by two [[Three-drum boiler#Admiralty boiler|Admiralty three-drum boilers]] which created {{convert|2750|ihp|kW|lk=in}}. This powered one [[vertical triple expansion]] engine that drove one shaft, giving the ships a maximum speed of {{convert|16.5|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name=chesneau1/> The ships carried 480 tons of oil giving them a range of {{convert|6200|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}.<ref name=brown2/>
The ships were powered by two [[Three-drum boiler#Admiralty boiler|Admiralty three-drum boilers]] which created {{convert|2750|ihp|kW|lk=in}}. This powered one [[vertical triple expansion]] engine that drove one shaft, giving the ships a maximum speed of {{convert|16.5|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name=chesneau1/> The ships carried 480 tons of oil giving them a range of {{convert|6200|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}.<ref name=brown2/>
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The corvettes were armed with one [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|QF 4-inch Mk XIX gun]] mounted forward.<ref name=chesneau1/><ref group=note>Mk XIX = Mark 19. Britain used [[Roman numerals]] to denote Marks (models) of ordnance until after World War II. This was the nineteenth model of British QF 4-inch gun</ref> Anti-air armament varied from 4 to 10<ref name=chesneau1/> [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]]s.<ref name=brown3>Brown 2007, p.126</ref> For ASW purposes, the ships were equipped with one three-barreled Squid anti-submarine mortar with 81 projectiles. The ships also had two depth charge throwers and one depth charge rail on the stern that came with 15 [[depth charge]]s.<ref name=brown2/>
The corvettes were armed with one [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|QF 4-inch Mk XIX gun]] mounted forward.<ref name=chesneau1/><ref group=note>Mk XIX = Mark 19. Britain used [[Roman numerals]] to denote Marks (models) of ordnance until after World War II. This was the nineteenth model of British QF 4-inch gun</ref> Anti-air armament varied from 4 to 10<ref name=chesneau1/> [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]]s.<ref name=brown3>Brown 2007, p.126</ref> For ASW purposes, the ships were equipped with one three-barreled Squid anti-submarine mortar with 81 projectiles. The ships also had two depth charge throwers and one depth charge rail on the stern that came with 15 [[depth charge]]s.<ref name=brown2/>


The ships were equipped with Type 145 and Type 147B [[ASDIC]].<ref name=brown2/> The Type 147B was tied to the Squid anti-submarine mortar and would automatically set the depth on the fuses of the projectiles until the moment of firing. A single Squid-launched attack had a success rate of 25%.<ref name=Brown4>Brown 2012, p.129</ref> The class was also provided with [[High-frequency direction finding|HF/DF]] and Type 277 radar.<ref name=brown3/>
The ships were equipped with Type 145 and Type 147B [[ASDIC]].<ref name=brown2/> The Type 147B was tied to the Squid anti-submarine mortar and would automatically set the depth on the fuses of the projectiles until the moment of firing. A single Squid-launched attack had a success rate of 25%.<ref name=Brown4>Brown 2012, p.129</ref> The class was also provided with [[High-frequency direction finding|HF/DF]] and [[Type 277 radar]].<ref name=brown3/>


==Service history==
==Service history==
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* {{cite book |last=Brown |first=David K. |date=2012 |title=Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923–1945 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-84832-149-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Brown |first=David K. |date=2012 |title=Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923–1945 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-84832-149-6}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Chesneau |editor-first=Roger |date=1980 |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=Greenwich, UK |isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Chesneau |editor-first=Roger |date=1980 |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=Greenwich, UK |isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{colledge}}
* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
* {{cite book |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |last2=Barrie |first2=Ron |date=2002 |title=The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 |edition=Third |publisher=Vanwell Publishing |location=St. Catharines, Ontario |isbn=1-55125-072-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |last2=Barrie |first2=Ron |date=2002 |title=The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 |edition=Third |publisher=Vanwell Publishing |location=St. Catharines, Ontario |isbn=1-55125-072-1}}


{{Castle class corvette}}
{{Castle class corvette}}

Latest revision as of 16:39, 8 November 2024

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Hedingham Castle.

As HMCS Orangeville in 1944
History
United Kingdom
NameHedingham Castle
NamesakeHedingham Castle
BuilderHenry Robb Ltd., Leith
Laid down23 July 1943
Launched26 January 1944
IdentificationPennant number: K491
FateTransferred to the Royal Canadian Navy
Canada
NameOrangeville
NamesakeOrangeville, Ontario
Acquired1943
Commissioned24 April 1944
Decommissioned12 April 1946
IdentificationPennant number: K491
Honours and
awards		Atlantic 1944–45[1]
FateSold for mercantile service
Name
  • Ta Tun (1946)
  • Hsi Lin (1947–51)
OwnerChina Merchants Steam Navigation Company
In service5 September 1946
Out of service1951
FateTaken over by Nationalist China 1951
Republic of China
NameTe An
Acquired1951
Decommissioned1967
FateDiscarded 1967
General characteristics (as built)
TypeCastle-class corvette
Displacement1,060 long tons (1,077 t)
Length252 ft (77 m)
Beam36 ft 8 in (11.18 m)
Draught13 ft 6 in (4.11 m)
Installed power
  • 2 × water-tube boilers
  • 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)
Propulsion
  • 1 × 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine
  • Single screw
Speed16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph)
Range6,200 nmi (11,500 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement120
Sensors and
processing systems
  • Type 272 radar
  • Type 145 sonar
  • Type 147B sonar
Armament

HMS Hedingham Castle was a Castle-class corvette constructed for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Before being completed, the ship was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy, renamed HMCS Orangeville and used as a convoy escort for the rest of the war. Following the war, the ship was sold to Chinese interests for mercantile use and renamed Ta Tung in 1946. In 1947, the ship was renamed Hsi Lin before being taken over by Nationalist China in 1951, rearmed and renamed Te An. Te An remained in service until 1967.

Design and description

[edit]

The Castle class were an improved corvette design over their predecessor Flower class. The Flower class was not considered acceptable for mid-Atlantic sailing and was only used on Atlantic convoy duty out of need. Though the Admiralty would have preferred Loch-class frigates, the inability of many small shipyards to construct the larger ships required them to come up with a smaller vessel. The increased length of the Castle class over their predecessors[2] and their improved hull form gave the Castles better speed and performance on patrol in the North Atlantic and an acceptable replacement for the Flowers.[3] This, coupled with improved anti-submarine armament in the form of the Squid mortar led to a much more capable anti-submarine warfare (ASW) vessel.[2] However, the design did have criticisms, mainly in the way it handled at low speeds and that the class's maximum speed was already slower than the speeds of the new U-boats they would be facing.[4]

A Castle-class corvette was 252 feet (77 m) long with a beam of 36 feet 8 inches (11.18 m) and a draught of 13 feet 6 inches (4.11 m) at deep load.[2][note 1] The ships displaced 1,060 long tons (1,080 t) standard[2] and 1,580 long tons (1,610 t) deep load.[4][note 2] The ships had a complement of 120.[2][note 3]

The ships were powered by two Admiralty three-drum boilers which created 2,750 indicated horsepower (2,050 kW). This powered one vertical triple expansion engine that drove one shaft, giving the ships a maximum speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph).[2] The ships carried 480 tons of oil giving them a range of 6,200 nautical miles (11,500 km; 7,100 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[4]

The corvettes were armed with one QF 4-inch Mk XIX gun mounted forward.[2][note 4] Anti-air armament varied from 4 to 10[2] Oerlikon 20 mm cannons.[5] For ASW purposes, the ships were equipped with one three-barreled Squid anti-submarine mortar with 81 projectiles. The ships also had two depth charge throwers and one depth charge rail on the stern that came with 15 depth charges.[4]

The ships were equipped with Type 145 and Type 147B ASDIC.[4] The Type 147B was tied to the Squid anti-submarine mortar and would automatically set the depth on the fuses of the projectiles until the moment of firing. A single Squid-launched attack had a success rate of 25%.[6] The class was also provided with HF/DF and Type 277 radar.[5]

Service history

[edit]

Hedingham Castle, named for the castle in Essex, was laid down on 23 July 1943 by Henry Robb Ltd., at Leith.[7] At some point in 1943, the ship was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy was launched on 26 January 1944.[8] Renamed Orangeville for the town in Ontario, the corvette was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 24 April 1944 with the pennant number K491.[7]

After commissioning, the ship worked up at Tobermory and in May 1944, joined the Mid-Ocean Escort Force as a member of the convoy escort group C-1. Orangeville spend the rest of the Second World War as a convoy escort, with her last convoy, ONS 48 westbound to Canada. After arriving in Canada, Orangeville was sent to Liverpool, Nova Scotia for a refit in May that lasted until August. Following the refit, the ship was placed in reserve at Halifax, Nova Scotia and was paid off at Halifax on 12 April 1946.[7]

The ship was sold on 5 September 1946 for mercantile use to Chinese interests and renamed Ta Tung in 1947.[7][8] Ta Tung had a gross register tonnage of 1,387 tons.[9] The ship was renamed twice in 1947, first as Hsi Ling, then as Shih Lin.[8][9] Registered at the port of Shanghai, the ship was first owned by the Chinese government. The ship was sold to the China Merchants' SN Company in 1948.[9] In June 1951, Hsi Lin was taken over by the Nationalist Chinese government, rearmed and renamed Te An and remained in service until being discarded in 1967.[7][8][note 5]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Brown states the beam at 36.5 feet (11.1 m) and the draught at 13.5 feet (4.1 m)
  2. ^ Chesneau states the displacement at deep load as 1,590–1,630 long tons (1,620–1,660 t)
  3. ^ Brown states the complement as 99 and Johnston states the complement of Canadian ships at 112 (7 officers and 105 ratings).
  4. ^ Mk XIX = Mark 19. Britain used Roman numerals to denote Marks (models) of ordnance until after World War II. This was the nineteenth model of British QF 4-inch gun
  5. ^ Miramar states that Te An was only stricken in 1969.

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "Battle Honours". Britain's Navy. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Chesneau, p.63
  3. ^ Brown 2007, p.142
  4. ^ a b c d e Brown 2007, p.127
  5. ^ a b Brown 2007, p.126
  6. ^ Brown 2012, p.129
  7. ^ a b c d e Macpherson and Barrie, p.165
  8. ^ a b c d Colledge, p.455
  9. ^ a b c "Orangeville (6128787)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 13 May 2016.

Sources

[edit]
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