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Coordinates: 32°37′36″N 65°52′24″E / 32.62667°N 65.87333°E / 32.62667; 65.87333
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{{Short description|City in Uruzgan, Afghanistan}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
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|other_name =
|other_name =
|native_name = ترينکوټ
|native_name = ترينکوټ
|nickname =
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|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
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<!-- Location ------------------>
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Afghanistan|Taliban}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Afghanistan}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Afghanistan|Province]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Afghanistan|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Uruzgan Province|Uruzgan]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Uruzgan Province|Uruzgan]]
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|population_footnotes =
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|population_note =
|population_note =
|population_total = 71,604
|population_total = 71604<ref name="auto" />
|population_density_km2 =
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|population_density_metro_km2 =
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|population_urban =
|population_urban = 71,604 <ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities Report 2015 |url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |ref=UN-Habitat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031111515/http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |archive-date=2015-10-31 }}</ref>
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<!-- General information --------------->
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|timezone = [[UTC+4:30]]
|timezone = [[Time in Afghanistan|AFT]]
|utc_offset =
|utc_offset = +4:30
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|coordinates = {{coord|32|37|36|N|65|52|24|E|region:AF|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|32|37|36|N|65|52|24|E|region:AF|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =1317
|elevation_m = 1317
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|website =
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| blank_name_sec1 = Control
| blank_info_sec1 = {{Flagicon|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}} [[Taliban]]
}}
}}


'''Tarīnkōṭ''' ({{lang-ps|ترينکوټ}}), also spelled as '''Tarin Kowt''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-07-29/brown---tarin-kowt-and-the-battle-for-minds/2816352|title=Tarin Kowt and the battle for minds|first=James|last=Brown|date=July 29, 2011|website=ABC News}}</ref> is the capital of [[Uruzgan Province]] in southern [[Afghanistan]] in the [[Tarinkot District]]. Tarinkot city has a population of 71,604 (2015),<ref name="auto"/> with some 200 small shops in the city's [[bazaar]].
'''Tarinkot''' ({{langx|prs|ترين کوت}}), also spelled as '''Tarin Kowt''', is a [[list of cities in Afghanistan|city]] in south-central [[Afghanistan]], serving as the capital of [[Uruzgan Province]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-27925-237-b2.pdf |title=Context Analysis URUZGAN Province |publisher=Royal Netherlands Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan |date=19 October 2006 |access-date=2024-04-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-07-29/brown---tarin-kowt-and-the-battle-for-minds/2816352 |title=Tarin Kowt and the battle for minds |last=Brown |first=James |publisher=ABC News |location=Australia |date=July 29, 2011}}</ref> It sits at {{cvt|1317|m}} [[above sea level]], and is connected by a [[transport in Afghanistan|road network]] with [[Kandahar]] to the south,<ref name="Call to speed up Kandahar-Uruzgan highway repair work" /><ref name="TOLO-186240" /> [[Nili, Afghanistan|Nili]] in [[Daykundi Province]] to the north, and [[Malistan]] in [[Ghazni Province]] to the northeast.


In Tarinkot district, two major Pashtun tribal confederations are represented, [[Tareen]] tribes: [[Popolzai]], [[Barakzai]], [[Nurzai]], [[Achakzai]]; and the [[Ghilzai]] tribes: [[Tokhi]], [[Hotak]]. There are no medium or large-scale economic enterprises in the city. The provincial governor, currently [[Asadullah Hamdam]], lives and works in a compound adjacent to the bazaar.
Located within the [[Tarinkot District]], the city had a population of approximately 71,604 people in 2015.<ref name="auto" /> In the district, two major [[Pashtun tribes|Pashtun tribal]] confederations are represented, [[Tareen]] tribes: [[Popalzai]], [[Barakzai]], [[Nurzai]], [[Achakzai]]; and the [[Ghilzai]] tribes: [[Tokhi]], [[Hotak]].


Tarinkot is a Provincial Centre in south central Afghanistan. The majority of land is classified as non built-up (69%) of which agriculture is 67%. Residential land accounts for 47% of built-up land.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities Report 2015|url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/|access-date=20 October 2015|ref=UN-Habitat}}</ref> The airport is located within the municipal boundaries, accounting the second largest built-up land use (24%).<ref name="auto1"/>
The majority of land in the district is classified as non built-up (69%) of which agriculture is 67%. Residential land accounts for 47% of built-up land.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://unhabitat.org/soac2015 |title=The State of Afghan Cities Report 2015 |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |access-date=2015-10-31}}</ref> The [[Tarinkot Airport]] is located within the municipal boundaries, accounting the second largest built-up land use (24%).<ref name="auto" />


During the August [[2021 Taliban offensive]], all [[Afghan National Security Forces]] under President [[Ashraf Ghani]] surrendered to the [[Taliban]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |title=Taliban sweep across Afghanistan's south, take 3 more cities |publisher=AP News |date=August 13, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-13}}</ref> Tarinkot continues to be one of the least developed populated places in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-186889 |title= Lack of Bridge Over Tarinkot River Creates Challenges |work=TOLOnews |date=9 January 2024 |access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref>
On 13 August 2021, Tarinkot was captured by [[Taliban]] fighters as part of the wider [[2021 Taliban offensive]].
<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-13|title=Taliban sweep across Afghanistan's south, take 3 more cities|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402|access-date=2021-08-13|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813105628/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402|url-status=live}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{Further|History of Afghanistan}}
Historically, this locale remained a seat of some of the Tarin (or [[Tareen]]) [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribal [[sardar]]s, as early as the 12th-13th centuries AD<ref>Dr SB Panni, ''Tareekh i Hazara'' Peshawar, 1969 ed, p. 301</ref> and some of them later migrated to the [[South Asia|Indian subcontinent]] during or after the [[Mughal-Safavid War (1622-23)]].<ref>Including some settled near [[Pishin, Pakistan|Pishin]] Baluchistan and some in the Hazara area of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], see Panni</ref>
Tarinkot was historically part of the [[Loy Kandahar]] (Greater Kandahar) region. This locale remained a seat of some of the Tarin (or Tareen) [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribal [[sardar]]s, as early as the 12th-13th centuries AD<ref>Dr SB Panni, ''Tareekh i Hazara'' Peshawar, 1969 ed, p. 301</ref> and some of them later migrated to the [[South Asia|Indian subcontinent]] during or after the [[Mughal-Safavid War (1622-23)]].<ref> Including some settled near [[Pishin, Pakistan|Pishin]] and some in the Hazara area of what is now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]</ref>


===Recent war===
===21st century===
{{Further|Multi National Base Tarin Kot}}
This town in southern Afghanistan was of significant strategic value to the Taliban in 2001. On November 16, the citizens here [[Battle of Tarinkot|rose up against their Taliban governor]], which marked the first organized Pashtun resistance against the Taliban. [[Hamid Karzai]], then an obscure statesman, was in the region at the time trying to build an insurgency/army while accompanied by an 11-man U.S. Special Forces team, known as [[Operational Detachment Alpha 574]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/2003/journey/afghanistan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408191839/http://www.time.com/time/asia/2003/journey/afghanistan.html |archive-date=April 8, 2011 |title=Afghanistan: Home Free}}</ref> The Taliban launched a counterattack, confronting Karzai and his militia who dug in to defend the town. With the help of U.S. air power, the U.S. and militia force drove the Taliban back from Tarinkot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Afghanistan/Operation%20Enduring%20Freedom.htm#p14a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201013730/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Afghanistan/Operation%20Enduring%20Freedom.htm|url-status=dead |title=The United States Army in Afghanistan - Operation ENDURING FREEDOM - October 2001-March 2003|archive-date=February 1, 2010}}</ref>
On November 16, 2001, anti-Taliban groups in the area [[Battle of Tarinkot|rose up against their Taliban governor]], which marked the first organized Pashtun resistance against the Taliban. [[Hamid Karzai]], then an obscure statesman, was in the region at the time trying to organize a militia while accompanied by an 11-man U.S. Special Forces team, known as [[Operational Detachment Alpha 574]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/2003/journey/afghanistan.html |title=Afghanistan: Home Free |publisher=Time |date=August 11, 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408191839/http://www.time.com/time/asia/2003/journey/afghanistan.html |archive-date=April 8, 2011}}</ref> The Taliban launched a counterattack, confronting Karzai and his militia who dug in to defend the town. With the help of U.S. air power, they drove the Taliban back from Tarinkot.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Afghanistan/Operation%20Enduring%20Freedom.htm#p14a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201013730/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Afghanistan/Operation%20Enduring%20Freedom.htm|url-status=dead |title=The United States Army in Afghanistan - Operation ENDURING FREEDOM - October 2001-March 2003|archive-date=February 1, 2010}}</ref>


⚫
In 2004, an American base called FOB Ripley, named after U.S. Marine [[John Ripley (USMC)|John Ripley]] was built in Tarinkot.<ref>
The defeat of the Taliban at Tarinkot was an important victory for Karzai, who used the victory to recruit more men to his fledgling guerrilla band. His force would grow in size to a peak of around 800 men. On November 30, they left Tarinkot and began advancing on [[Fall of Kandahar|Kandahar]].
⚫
{{cite web

⚫
An American base called FOB Ripley, named after U.S. Marine [[John Ripley (USMC)|John Ripley]] was built in Tarinkot in 2004.<ref name=MarineNews2004-05-10>
⚫
{{cite news
| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2004/05/mil-040510-mcn01a.htm
| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2004/05/mil-040510-mcn01a.htm
| title=22d MEU (SOC)'s FOB in Afghanistan pays homage to Marine hero
| title=22d MEU (SOC)'s FOB in Afghanistan pays homage to Marine hero
| publisher=[[Marine Corps News]]
| publisher=Marine Corps News
| date=2004-05-10
| date=2004-05-10
| author=Keith A. Milks
| author=Keith A. Milks
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| archive-date=2004-05-24
| archive-date=2004-05-24
| url-status=live
| url-status=live
| quote='He's a hero to the Marine Corps,' said Colonel Kenneth F. McKenzie, Jr., commanding officer of the Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable), referring to Col. John W. Ripley, the new FOB's namesake. 'He's a true warrior and an honorable man.' McKenzie puts Col. Ripley with the small group of Marine leaders mentioned prominently in the Corps' proud history.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
It was established by a Joint Task Force made up mainly of the [[22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit]] (Special Operations Capable) (22ndMEU SOC), 2-5 Infantry (bobcats)/3rd BDE/ 25th Infantry Division, US Army Civil Affairs, and the Florida and Iowa National Guard Task Force 168 in May 2004. In autumn 2001, the region was the last stronghold of [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Taliban regime]].
It was established by a Joint Task Force made up mainly of the [[22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit]] (Special Operations Capable) (22ndMEU SOC), 2-5 Infantry (bobcats)/3rd BDE/ 25th Infantry Division, US Army Civil Affairs, and the Florida and Iowa National Guard Task Force 168 in May 2004. Subsequently, other foreign military forces have operated at the base outside Tarinkot.
Subsequently, other foreign military forces have operated at the base outside Tarinkot.

⚫
After the 22nd MEU SOC led [[Military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Operation Mountain Storm]], most of the Taliban forces moved to the mountainous region between Afghanistan and Pakistan. As NATO's ISAF mission assumed responsibility for security in Afghanistan's south, Dutch NATO troops built [[Kamp Holland]] in August 2006.


⚫
After the 22nd MEU SOC led [[Military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Operation Mountain Storm]], most of the Taliban forces moved to the mountainous region between Afghanistan and Pakistan. In August 2006, as [[ISAF]]'s mission assumed responsibility for security in Afghanistan's south, Dutch troops built Kamp Holland, later becoming the [[Multi National Base Tarin Kot]].
⚫
Beginning in March 2007, the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] (USACE)<ref>[http://www.aed.usace.army.mil/ Afghanistan Engineer District] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315033715/http://www.aed.usace.army.mil/ |date=2007-03-15 }}, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.</ref> began construction of a road from Tarinkot westward to [[Deh Rahwod]] and then to [[Shahidi Hassas District]], in the western areas of Oruzgan province. At the same time, the USACE also started paving and bridge construction to improve the road to Kandahar.
⚫
[[File:U.S. Army 1st Lt. Patrick Gurski, foreground, with a security force assistance team (SFAT) with the 56th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Texas Army National Guard, watches Afghans pass during a logistics 130604-A-FS372-018.jpg|thumb|250px|U.S. Army soldier watching Afghans pass during a logistics inspection in Tarinkot.]]


⚫
Beginning in March 2007, the [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] (USACE)<ref>[http://www.aed.usace.army.mil/ Afghanistan Engineer District] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315033715/http://www.aed.usace.army.mil/ |date=2007-03-15 }}, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.</ref> began construction of a road from Tarinkot westward to [[Deh Rahwod]] and then to [[Shahidi Hassas District]], in the western areas of Oruzgan province. At the same time, the USACE also started paving and bridge construction to improve the road to Kandahar.
⚫
On 4 July 2010, U.S. soldiers from 1st Squadron, [[2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment]] assumed responsibility over operations in Tarinkot and [[Deh Rahwod]] in the wake of the Dutch withdrawal from Oruzgan.


⚫
On 4 July 2010, U.S. soldiers from 1st Squadron, [[2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment]] assumed responsibility over operations in Tarinkot and Deh Rahwod in the wake of the Dutch withdrawal from Uruzgan.
⚫
On 27 July 2011, a [[Pakistani people|Pakistani]] suicide terrorist from the [[Waziristan]] region of Pakistan was captured by the [[Afghan National Army]] and [[ISAF]] forces during a raid on the house of Mullah Qasim in the [[Sur Marghab]] area near Tirinkot. The would-be bomber named Saifullah was interviewed by [[Pajhwok Afghan News]] reporter [[Ahmad Omaid Khpalwak]]. In the interview Saifullah said he and 14 other terrorists from Pakistan spent at least two months wandering around the city to select a proper time and place for an attack. "Many times we encountered foreigners, but Mullah Qasim would escape after seeing foreigners and finally we were arrested without carrying out any attack," he said.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/28/bombing-suspect-says-pakistani-mullahs-brainwashed-him|title=Bombing suspect says Pakistani mullahs brainwashed him|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref>


⚫
On 27 July 2011, a young [[Pakistani]] man from the [[Waziristan]] region was captured by the [[Afghan National Army]] and ISAF forces during a raid on the house of Mullah Qasim in the Sur Marghab area near Tirinkot. The would-be bomber named Saifullah was interviewed by ''[[Pajhwok Afghan News]]'' reporter [[Ahmad Omaid Khpalwak]]. In the interview Saifullah said he and 14 other Pakistanis spent at least two months wandering around the city to select a proper time and place for an attack. "Many times we encountered foreigners, but Mullah Qasim would escape after seeing foreigners and finally we were arrested without carrying out any attack," he said.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/28/bombing-suspect-says-pakistani-mullahs-brainwashed-him |title=Bombing suspect says Pakistani mullahs brainwashed him |date=28 July 2011 |access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref>
⚫
The next day, at around 12 pm, 28 July, three suicide attackers blew up vehicles packed with explosives at the gates of government compounds while other suicide bombers equipped with heavy weapons entered the buildings and began killing everyone inside. After the shooting ended at least 19 people were killed and 37 others wounded. The dead included Pajhwok reporter Khpalwak, 10 children, 2 women and 1 member of the [[Afghan National Police]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/07/28/138777873/suicide-attacks-target-afghan-government-compound?ft=1&f=1004|title=Suicide Attacks Target Afghan Government Compound}}</ref> Khpalwak was shot 20 times in different parts of his body.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/28/khpalwaks-last-contact-pajhwok|title=Khpalwak's last contact with Pajhwok|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref> By 29 July the number of dead were raised to 21. [[Major General]] Angus Campbell, commander of [[Australian Defence Force|Australian troops]] deployed to the region, said "Hard-line elements of the insurgency continue to pursue their campaign through violence and attempted targeted killings. Yesterday they paid a heavy price for their ambitions with all insurgents killed while failing to achieve their mission."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/18-afghan-civilians-killed-roadside-bomb-army-072500373.html|title=18 civilians killed in Helmand bomb: Afghan police}}</ref> [[Afghan National Army]] spokesman Hekmatullah Kuchi said "There were two blasts at the deputy governor's office. One was detonated by a suicide bomber and the other was caused by an [[Afghan National Army|ANA]] ([[Afghan National Army|Afghan army]]) soldier shooting another suicide attacker."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/news/|title=Today's Stock Market News and Analysis from Nasdaq.com|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:U.S. Army 1st Lt. Patrick Gurski, foreground, with a security force assistance team (SFAT) with the 56th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Texas Army National Guard, watches Afghans pass during a logistics 130604-A-FS372-018.jpg|thumb|U.S. Army soldier in June 2013 watching Afghans pass on a road in Tarinkot.]]
⚫
The next day, at around 12 pm, 28 July, three suicide attackers blew up vehicles packed with explosives at the gates of government compounds while other suicide bombers equipped with heavy weapons entered the buildings and began killing everyone inside. After the shooting ended at least 19 people were killed and 37 others wounded. The dead included Pajhwok reporter Khpalwak, 10 children, 2 women and 1 member of the [[Afghan National Police]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/07/28/138777873/suicide-attacks-target-afghan-government-compound?ft=1&f=1004 |title=Suicide Attacks Target Afghan Government Compound}}</ref> Khpalwak was shot 20 times in different parts of his body.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/28/khpalwaks-last-contact-pajhwok |title=Khpalwak's last contact with Pajhwok |date=28 July 2011 |access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref>


On March 1, 2011, U.S. soldiers from 4th Battalion, 70th Armor Regiment assumed responsibility of Tarinkot and Deh Rawod. On November 23, 2011 U.S. soldiers from the 1st [[Brigade combat team#Reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition squadron|Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition Squadron]], [[14th Cavalry Regiment]]<ref>[[14th Cavalry Regiment (United States)]], 14th Cavalry Regiment</ref> assumed responsibility over operations in Tarinkot.
On March 1, 2011, U.S. soldiers from 4th Battalion, 70th Armor Regiment assumed responsibility of Tarinkot and Deh Rawod. On November 23, 2011, U.S. soldiers from the 1st [[Brigade combat team#Reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition squadron|Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition Squadron]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-10-16|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Brigade combat team#Reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition squadron|reason= The anchor (Reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition squadron) [[Special:Diff/538532008|has been deleted]].}}, [[14th Cavalry Regiment]]<ref>[[14th Cavalry Regiment (United States)]], 14th Cavalry Regiment</ref> assumed responsibility over operations in Tarinkot.


In September 2016, Tarinkot was under threat by Taliban militants, who had occupied the Kandahar–Tarinkot Highway, while also launching an attack on Tarinkot itself.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ariananews.af/heavy-clashes-ongoing-in-urozgans-city/ |title=Heavy Clashes Ongoing in Urozgan's City |work=Ariana News |date=September 7, 2016 |access-date=2023-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/09/afghanistan-taliban-threaten-tarin-kot-again/ |title=Afghanistan: Taliban Threaten Tarin Kot Again |last=Snow |first=Shawn |publisher=The Diplomat |date=September 24, 2016 |access-date=2023-05-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> It was fully captured by the Taliban during the August [[2021 Taliban offensive]].<ref name=":0" />
==Transportation==
As of May 2014 [[Tarinkot Airport]] had regularly scheduled direct passenger service to [[Kabul International Airport|Kabul]].


==Geography==
==Geography==
{{Further|Geography of Afghanistan}}
Tarinkot is somewhat isolated: its only airstrip is on the military base of the NATO-led ISAF [[Provincial Reconstruction Team]] on the outskirts of the town. Tarinkot's only ground access to the outside is a road to the regional center of [[Kandahar]] to the south, which can be subject to Taliban attacks sometimes and washouts.
Tarinkot is somewhat isolated. It sits next to two [[list of rivers of Afghanistan|rivers]] with a network of various size canals that provide water to nearby farms.


==Climate==
==Climate==
Tarinkot has a [[cold semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BSk'') with hot summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is low, and mostly falls from December to March.
Tarinkot has a [[cold semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BSk'') with hot summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is low, and mostly falls from December to March. [[Snow]] can be seen every winter.


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
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|Dec humidity = 56
|Dec humidity = 56
|source 1 = NOAA (1972-1982) <ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
|source 1 = NOAA (1972-1982) <ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
|url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/AH/40977.TXT
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-II/AH/40977.TXT
|title = Trinkot Climate Normals 1972-1982
|title = Trinkot Climate Normals 1972-1982
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
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|date=September 2011
|date=September 2011
}}
}}

==Economy==
{{Further|Economy of Afghanistan}}
The main source of income of Tarinkot residents has always been [[agriculture]] and [[transport in Afghanistan|transport]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/Afghanistan-tarin-kot-uruzgan-taliban-war-water/29145638.html |title=In Rural Afghan War, Irrigation Water Is Tool |work=TOLOnews |date=April 4, 2018 |access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref> The city is connected by a road network with [[Kandahar]] to the south,<ref name="Call to speed up Kandahar-Uruzgan highway repair work">{{cite news |url=https://pajhwok.com/2023/12/09/call-to-speed-up-kandahar-uruzgan-highway-repair-work/ |title=Call to speed up Kandahar-Uruzgan highway repair work |work=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=9 December 2023 |access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref><ref name="TOLO-186240">{{cite news |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/provincial-186240 |title=Calls Mount to Speed Up Work on Uruzgan-Kandahar Highway |work=TOLOnews |date=28 November 2023 |access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref> [[Nili, Afghanistan|Nili]] in [[Daykundi Province]] to the north, and [[Malistan]] in [[Ghazni Province]] to the northeast. [[Tarinkot Airport]] serves the population of both Uruzgan and Daykundi provinces.

== Sport ==
{{Further|Sport in Afghanistan}}
[[Cricket in Afghanistan|Cricket]] and [[association football]] are the most popular [[sport in Afghanistan|sports]] in the area. The city has one major multipurpose stadium.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of cities in Afghanistan]]
*[[List of cities in Afghanistan]]
*[[Orūzgān Province]]


==References==
==References==
Line 321: Line 323:
==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*{{YouTube|algwTN7TksQ|Tarinkot center of Urozgan Province, Afghanistan}} (Dec. 7, 2022)
* (http://www.onlythingworthdyingfor.com)

* [http://www.defence.gov.au/opEx/global/opslipper/RTF.htm Australian Reconstruction Task Force 3]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121065828/http://www.globalcollab.org/Nautilus/australia/bases/martello FOB Martello], [[Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability]] at [[RMIT University]].
{{Urozgan Province}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080107152929/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/lfwa/feature_A_Coy.htm FOB Martello Construction], June, 2006, Canadian Army news.


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Latest revision as of 20:04, 8 November 2024

Tarinkot
ترينکوټ
Tarinkot is located in Afghanistan
Tarinkot
Tarinkot
Location in Afghanistan
Coordinates: 32°37′36″N 65°52′24″E / 32.62667°N 65.87333°E / 32.62667; 65.87333
Country Afghanistan
ProvinceUruzgan
DistrictTarinkot
Elevation
4,321 ft (1,317 m)
Population
 (2015)
 • Total
71,604[1]
Time zoneUTC+4:30 (AFT)

Tarinkot (Dari: ترين کوت), also spelled as Tarin Kowt, is a city in south-central Afghanistan, serving as the capital of Uruzgan Province.[2][3] It sits at 1,317 m (4,321 ft) above sea level, and is connected by a road network with Kandahar to the south,[4][5] Nili in Daykundi Province to the north, and Malistan in Ghazni Province to the northeast.

Located within the Tarinkot District, the city had a population of approximately 71,604 people in 2015.[1] In the district, two major Pashtun tribal confederations are represented, Tareen tribes: Popalzai, Barakzai, Nurzai, Achakzai; and the Ghilzai tribes: Tokhi, Hotak.

The majority of land in the district is classified as non built-up (69%) of which agriculture is 67%. Residential land accounts for 47% of built-up land.[1] The Tarinkot Airport is located within the municipal boundaries, accounting the second largest built-up land use (24%).[1]

During the August 2021 Taliban offensive, all Afghan National Security Forces under President Ashraf Ghani surrendered to the Taliban.[6] Tarinkot continues to be one of the least developed populated places in the country.[7]

History

[edit]
Further information: History of Afghanistan

Tarinkot was historically part of the Loy Kandahar (Greater Kandahar) region. This locale remained a seat of some of the Tarin (or Tareen) Pashtun tribal sardars, as early as the 12th-13th centuries AD[8] and some of them later migrated to the Indian subcontinent during or after the Mughal-Safavid War (1622-23).[9]

21st century

[edit]
Further information: Multi National Base Tarin Kot

On November 16, 2001, anti-Taliban groups in the area rose up against their Taliban governor, which marked the first organized Pashtun resistance against the Taliban. Hamid Karzai, then an obscure statesman, was in the region at the time trying to organize a militia while accompanied by an 11-man U.S. Special Forces team, known as Operational Detachment Alpha 574.[10] The Taliban launched a counterattack, confronting Karzai and his militia who dug in to defend the town. With the help of U.S. air power, they drove the Taliban back from Tarinkot.[11]

In 2004, an American base called FOB Ripley, named after U.S. Marine John Ripley was built in Tarinkot.[12] It was established by a Joint Task Force made up mainly of the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) (22ndMEU SOC), 2-5 Infantry (bobcats)/3rd BDE/ 25th Infantry Division, US Army Civil Affairs, and the Florida and Iowa National Guard Task Force 168 in May 2004. Subsequently, other foreign military forces have operated at the base outside Tarinkot.

After the 22nd MEU SOC led Operation Mountain Storm, most of the Taliban forces moved to the mountainous region between Afghanistan and Pakistan. In August 2006, as ISAF's mission assumed responsibility for security in Afghanistan's south, Dutch troops built Kamp Holland, later becoming the Multi National Base Tarin Kot.

Beginning in March 2007, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)[13] began construction of a road from Tarinkot westward to Deh Rahwod and then to Shahidi Hassas District, in the western areas of Oruzgan province. At the same time, the USACE also started paving and bridge construction to improve the road to Kandahar.

On 4 July 2010, U.S. soldiers from 1st Squadron, 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment assumed responsibility over operations in Tarinkot and Deh Rahwod in the wake of the Dutch withdrawal from Uruzgan.

On 27 July 2011, a young Pakistani man from the Waziristan region was captured by the Afghan National Army and ISAF forces during a raid on the house of Mullah Qasim in the Sur Marghab area near Tirinkot. The would-be bomber named Saifullah was interviewed by Pajhwok Afghan News reporter Ahmad Omaid Khpalwak. In the interview Saifullah said he and 14 other Pakistanis spent at least two months wandering around the city to select a proper time and place for an attack. "Many times we encountered foreigners, but Mullah Qasim would escape after seeing foreigners and finally we were arrested without carrying out any attack," he said.[14]

U.S. Army soldier in June 2013 watching Afghans pass on a road in Tarinkot.

The next day, at around 12 pm, 28 July, three suicide attackers blew up vehicles packed with explosives at the gates of government compounds while other suicide bombers equipped with heavy weapons entered the buildings and began killing everyone inside. After the shooting ended at least 19 people were killed and 37 others wounded. The dead included Pajhwok reporter Khpalwak, 10 children, 2 women and 1 member of the Afghan National Police.[15] Khpalwak was shot 20 times in different parts of his body.[16]

On March 1, 2011, U.S. soldiers from 4th Battalion, 70th Armor Regiment assumed responsibility of Tarinkot and Deh Rawod. On November 23, 2011, U.S. soldiers from the 1st Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition Squadron[broken anchor], 14th Cavalry Regiment[17] assumed responsibility over operations in Tarinkot.

In September 2016, Tarinkot was under threat by Taliban militants, who had occupied the Kandahar–Tarinkot Highway, while also launching an attack on Tarinkot itself.[18][19] It was fully captured by the Taliban during the August 2021 Taliban offensive.[6]

Geography

[edit]
Further information: Geography of Afghanistan

Tarinkot is somewhat isolated. It sits next to two rivers with a network of various size canals that provide water to nearby farms.

Climate

[edit]

Tarinkot has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with hot summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is low, and mostly falls from December to March. Snow can be seen every winter.

Climate data for Tarinkot
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.3
(64.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		29.5
(85.1) 		39.3
(102.7) 		38.5
(101.3) 		44.5
(112.1) 		43.0
(109.4) 		42.8
(109.0) 		37.9
(100.2) 		36.6
(97.9) 		28.4
(83.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		44.5
(112.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7) 		11.1
(52.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		31.3
(88.3) 		36.8
(98.2) 		38.4
(101.1) 		37.4
(99.3) 		32.9
(91.2) 		26.5
(79.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		12.8
(55.0) 		24.9
(76.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		4.9
(40.8) 		10.8
(51.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		22.4
(72.3) 		28.0
(82.4) 		29.7
(85.5) 		27.7
(81.9) 		22.8
(73.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		9.0
(48.2) 		5.2
(41.4) 		16.4
(61.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		3.8
(38.8) 		9.0
(48.2) 		12.7
(54.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		18.6
(65.5) 		17.0
(62.6) 		10.9
(51.6) 		5.6
(42.1) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		7.5
(45.5)
Record low °C (°F) −20
(−4) 		−11.9
(10.6) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		0.9
(33.6) 		4.0
(39.2) 		7.0
(44.6) 		9.0
(48.2) 		5.6
(42.1) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−15.8
(3.6) 		−20
(−4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48.9
(1.93) 		61.7
(2.43) 		62.2
(2.45) 		18.3
(0.72) 		8.0
(0.31) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.4
(0.06) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		4.8
(0.19) 		12.6
(0.50) 		30.3
(1.19) 		248.2
(9.78)
Average rainy days 7 7 9 5 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 38
Average snowy days 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Average relative humidity (%) 60 58 53 44 35 25 26 29 28 33 40 56 41
Mean monthly sunshine hours 194.4 167.2 219.1 260.8 341.1 378.3 359.5 349.3 327.2 288.1 260.9 200.4 3,346.3
Source: NOAA (1972-1982) [20]

Economy

[edit]
Further information: Economy of Afghanistan

The main source of income of Tarinkot residents has always been agriculture and transport.[21] The city is connected by a road network with Kandahar to the south,[4][5] Nili in Daykundi Province to the north, and Malistan in Ghazni Province to the northeast. Tarinkot Airport serves the population of both Uruzgan and Daykundi provinces.

Sport

[edit]
Further information: Sport in Afghanistan

Cricket and association football are the most popular sports in the area. The city has one major multipurpose stadium.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "The State of Afghan Cities Report 2015". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. Retrieved 2015-10-31.
  2. ^ "Context Analysis URUZGAN Province" (PDF). Royal Netherlands Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan. 19 October 2006. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  3. ^ Brown, James (July 29, 2011). "Tarin Kowt and the battle for minds". Australia: ABC News.
  4. ^ a b "Call to speed up Kandahar-Uruzgan highway repair work". Pajhwok Afghan News. 9 December 2023. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  5. ^ a b "Calls Mount to Speed Up Work on Uruzgan-Kandahar Highway". TOLOnews. 28 November 2023. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  6. ^ a b "Taliban sweep across Afghanistan's south, take 3 more cities". AP News. August 13, 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
  7. ^ "Lack of Bridge Over Tarinkot River Creates Challenges". TOLOnews. 9 January 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  8. ^ Dr SB Panni, Tareekh i Hazara Peshawar, 1969 ed, p. 301
  9. ^ Including some settled near Pishin and some in the Hazara area of what is now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
  10. ^ "Afghanistan: Home Free". Time. August 11, 2001. Archived from the original on April 8, 2011.
  11. ^ "The United States Army in Afghanistan - Operation ENDURING FREEDOM - October 2001-March 2003". Archived from the original on February 1, 2010.
  12. ^ Keith A. Milks (2004-05-10). "22d MEU (SOC)'s FOB in Afghanistan pays homage to Marine hero". Marine Corps News. Archived from the original on 2004-05-24.
  13. ^ Afghanistan Engineer District Archived 2007-03-15 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
  14. ^ "Bombing suspect says Pakistani mullahs brainwashed him". 28 July 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  15. ^ "Suicide Attacks Target Afghan Government Compound".
  16. ^ "Khpalwak's last contact with Pajhwok". 28 July 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  17. ^ 14th Cavalry Regiment (United States), 14th Cavalry Regiment
  18. ^ "Heavy Clashes Ongoing in Urozgan's City". Ariana News. September 7, 2016. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  19. ^ Snow, Shawn (September 24, 2016). "Afghanistan: Taliban Threaten Tarin Kot Again". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  20. ^ "Trinkot Climate Normals 1972-1982". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  21. ^ "In Rural Afghan War, Irrigation Water Is Tool". TOLOnews. April 4, 2018. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
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