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{{Infobox pipeline
⚫
The '''Ingolstadt-Kralupy-Litvínov pipeline''' (also known as '''IKL pipeline''' and '''MERO pipeline''') is a [[petroleum|crude oil]] [[pipeline transport|pipeline]] in [[Central Europe]]. It allows the transport of crude oil from [[Germany]] to the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] oil [[refinery|refineries]] of [[Kralupy nad Vltavou|Kralupy]] and [[Litvínov]]. The name of the Ingolstadt-Kralupy-Litvínov pipeline is a misnomer, as the pipeline does not start in [[Ingolstadt]] and does not run to Kralupy and Litvínov.<ref name=ikl/>
⚫
| name = Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline
| type = oil
| map =
| map_caption = Location of Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline
| country = [[Germany]], [[Czech Republic]]
| coordinates =
| photo =
| caption =
| operator = MERO Pipeline GmbH
| partners =
| length_km = 347
| discharge = 10&nbsp;million tonnes per year
| direction = west–east
| start = [[Vohburg]], the [[Transalpine Pipeline]]
| finish = [[Nelahozeves]]
| est = 1996
| through =
| par =
}}


⚫
The '''Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline''' ({{langx|cs|Ropovod Ingolstadt – Kralupy nad Vltavou – Litvínov}}) also known as '''IKL pipeline''' and '''MERO pipeline''', is a crude oil [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] in [[Central Europe]]. It facilitates the transport of [[Petroleum|crude oil]] from Germany to the Czech oil [[Oil refinery|refineries]] of [[Kralupy nad Vltavou|Kralupy]] and [[Litvínov]]. The name of the Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline is misleading, as the pipeline does not start in [[Ingolstadt]] and does not run to Kralupy and Litvínov.<ref name=ikl/>
⚫
==History==

⚫
Negotiations to construct the Ingolstadt-Kralupy-Litvínov pipeline started in October 1990 and were finished in 1992.<ref name=ikl/> Originally the pipeline was planned to run from Ingolstadt to Litvínov, but the route was changed to run from [[Vohburg]] to [[Nelahozeves]]. However, the original name of the pipeline was kept.<ref name=ikl2>
⚫
== History ==

⚫
Negotiations to construct the Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline started in October 1990 and were concluded in 1992.<ref name=ikl/> Originally, the pipeline was planned to run from Ingolstadt to Litvínov, but the route was changed to run from [[Vohburg]] to [[Nelahozeves]]. However, the original name of the pipeline was kept.<ref name=ikl2>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url= http://www.mero.cz/provoz/ropovod-ikl/
| url= http://www.mero.cz/en/provoz/ropovod-ikl/
| title= Ropovod IKL (''IKL Pipeline'')
| title= The IKL Crude Oil Pipeline
| publisher= MERO ČR
| publisher= MERO ČR
| accessdate=2009-01-11
| accessdate=2009-01-11}}
| language = '''Czech'''}}
</ref>
</ref>


The construction of the pipeline started in 1994, and the pipeline was commissioned in 1996. It is the main pipeline in the Czech Republic allowing oil supplies other than those of [[Russia]]n origin. In 2003, the pipeline was modernized by improving remote control systems and increasing capacity.<ref name=iea>
Construction of the pipeline started on 1 September 1994 and was completed in December 2005. It was inaugurated on 13 March 1996.<ref name=ikl2/> It is the main pipeline in the Czech Republic allowing oil supplies other than those of Russian origin. In 2003, the pipeline was modernized by improving remote control systems and increasing capacity.<ref name=iea>
{{cite book
{{cite book
| title = Energy Policies of IEA Countries
| title = Energy Policies of IEA Countries – Czech Republic
| publisher = [[OECD]]/[[International Energy Agency|IEA]]
| publisher = [[OECD]]/[[International Energy Agency|IEA]]
| date = 2005
| year = 2005
| url = http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2000/czech2001.pdf
| url = http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2005/CzechRep.pdf
| page = 91
| format = PDF
| format = PDF
| isbn=92-64-109-293
| isbn=92-64-10929-3
| accessdate = 2008-08-09}}
| accessdate = 2008-08-09}}
</ref>
</ref>


==Route==
== Route ==

The {{convert|347|km|mi}} long pipeline starts from Vohburg in Germany, where it is connected with the [[Transalpine Pipeline]], and ends at the [[oil depot]] in Nelahozeves near [[Prague]] in the Czech Republic. The German section of the pipeline is {{convert|178|km|mi}} and the Czech section is {{convert|169|km|mi}} long.<ref name=ikl>
The {{convert|347|km|adj=on|sp=us}} pipeline starts from Vohburg in Germany, where it is connected with the [[Transalpine Pipeline]], and ends at the [[oil depot]] in Nelahozeves near Prague in the Czech Republic. The German section of the pipeline is {{convert|178|km|sp=us}} and the Czech section is {{convert|169|km|sp=us}} long.<ref name=ikl>{{cite web
{{cite web
| url= http://www.petroleum.cz/doprava/ropovod-ikl.aspx
| url= http://www.petroleum.cz/doprava/ropovod-ikl.aspx
| title= Ropovod IKL (''IKL Pipeline'')
| title= Ropovod IKL (''IKL Pipeline'')
| publisher= Petroleum.cz
| publisher= Petroleum.cz
| accessdate=2008-08-09
| accessdate= 2008-08-09
| language = '''Czech'''}}
| language= Czech
| archive-date= 2020-01-13
⚫
</ref>
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200113093726/http://www.petroleum.cz/doprava/ropovod-ikl.aspx
| url-status= dead
⚫
}}</ref>


==Technical description==
== Technical description ==

The pipeline has a diameter of {{convert|714|mm|in}}, and the pressure varies from 65&nbsp;bar (943&nbsp;psi) in Vohburg to 20&nbsp;bar (290&nbsp;psi) in Nelahozeves. The capacity of the pipeline is around ten million tonnes per annum, of which normally 30% is in use.<ref name=ikl/> The additional capacity is reserved for securing oil supplies in case of disruption of Russian supplies through the [[Druzhba pipeline]] as it happened in July 2008.<ref name=iht3>
The pipeline has a diameter of {{convert|714|mm|in|sp=us}}, and the pressure varies from {{convert|65|bar|sp=us}} in Vohburg to {{convert|20|bar|sp=us}} in Nelahozeves. The capacity of the pipeline is around ten million tonnes per year, of which normally 30% is in use.<ref name=ikl/><ref name=iea/> The additional capacity is reserved for securing oil supplies in case of disruption of Russian supplies through the [[Druzhba pipeline]], as happened in July 2008.<ref name=iht3>
{{cite news
{{cite news
| url= http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/11/europe/czech.php
| url= http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/11/europe/czech.php
Line 43: Line 69:
</ref> The control center, which controls the whole pipeline, is located in Vohburg. The backup control center is located in Nelahozeves.<ref name=ikl/>
</ref> The control center, which controls the whole pipeline, is located in Vohburg. The backup control center is located in Nelahozeves.<ref name=ikl/>


The tank farm in Vohburg consists of four tanks, with a total capacity of 200,000&nbsp;cubic meters.<ref name=ikl/>
The tank farm in Vohburg consists of four tanks, with a total capacity of {{convert|200000|m3|sp=us}}.<ref name=ikl/> The tank farm in Nelahozeves, serving the IKL and Druzhba pipelines, consists of sixteen tanks with a total capacity of {{convert|1550000|m3|sp=us}}.<ref name=nelahozeves>{{cite web
| url= http://www.mero.cz/en/provoz/ctr-nelahozeves/
| title= The Central Crude Oil Tank Farm Nelahozeves
| publisher= MERO ČR
| accessdate= 2015-11-15
| archive-date= 2016-03-03
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210145/http://www.mero.cz/en/provoz/ctr-nelahozeves/
| url-status= dead
}}</ref>

⚫
== Operating company ==


⚫
==Operating company==
The pipeline is operated by MERO Pipeline GmbH.<ref name=ikl/>
The pipeline is operated by MERO Pipeline GmbH.<ref name=ikl/>


==References==
==See also==
{{Portal|Czech Republic|Germany|Energy}}
* [[Energy in the Czech Republic]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{coord missing|Czech Republic}}
{{coord missing|Czech Republic}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingolstadt-Kralupy-Litvinov pipeline}}
[[Category:Oil pipelines]]
[[Category:Energy in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1996]]
[[Category:Pipelines in Germany]]
[[Category:Oil pipelines in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Oil pipelines in Germany]]
[[Category:Czech Republic–Germany relations]]

[[cs:Ropovod Ingolstadt]]
⚫
[[hu:Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov-kőolajvezeték]]

Latest revision as of 21:33, 8 November 2024

Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline
Location
CountryGermany, Czech Republic
General directionwest–east
FromVohburg, the Transalpine Pipeline
ToNelahozeves
General information
Typeoil
OperatorMERO Pipeline GmbH
Commissioned1996
Technical information
Length347 km (216 mi)
Maximum discharge10 million tonnes per year

The Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline (Czech: Ropovod Ingolstadt – Kralupy nad Vltavou – Litvínov) also known as IKL pipeline and MERO pipeline, is a crude oil pipeline in Central Europe. It facilitates the transport of crude oil from Germany to the Czech oil refineries of Kralupy and Litvínov. The name of the Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline is misleading, as the pipeline does not start in Ingolstadt and does not run to Kralupy and Litvínov.[1]

History

[edit]

Negotiations to construct the Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline started in October 1990 and were concluded in 1992.[1] Originally, the pipeline was planned to run from Ingolstadt to Litvínov, but the route was changed to run from Vohburg to Nelahozeves. However, the original name of the pipeline was kept.[2]

Construction of the pipeline started on 1 September 1994 and was completed in December 2005. It was inaugurated on 13 March 1996.[2] It is the main pipeline in the Czech Republic allowing oil supplies other than those of Russian origin. In 2003, the pipeline was modernized by improving remote control systems and increasing capacity.[3]

Route

[edit]

The 347-kilometer (216 mi) pipeline starts from Vohburg in Germany, where it is connected with the Transalpine Pipeline, and ends at the oil depot in Nelahozeves near Prague in the Czech Republic. The German section of the pipeline is 178 kilometers (111 mi) and the Czech section is 169 kilometers (105 mi) long.[1]

Technical description

[edit]

The pipeline has a diameter of 714 millimeters (28.1 in), and the pressure varies from 65 bars (6,500 kPa) in Vohburg to 20 bars (2,000 kPa) in Nelahozeves. The capacity of the pipeline is around ten million tonnes per year, of which normally 30% is in use.[1][3] The additional capacity is reserved for securing oil supplies in case of disruption of Russian supplies through the Druzhba pipeline, as happened in July 2008.[4] The control center, which controls the whole pipeline, is located in Vohburg. The backup control center is located in Nelahozeves.[1]

The tank farm in Vohburg consists of four tanks, with a total capacity of 200,000 cubic meters (7,100,000 cu ft).[1] The tank farm in Nelahozeves, serving the IKL and Druzhba pipelines, consists of sixteen tanks with a total capacity of 1,550,000 cubic meters (55,000,000 cu ft).[5]

Operating company

[edit]

The pipeline is operated by MERO Pipeline GmbH.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Ropovod IKL (IKL Pipeline)" (in Czech). Petroleum.cz. Archived from the original on 2020-01-13. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  2. ^ a b "The IKL Crude Oil Pipeline". MERO ČR. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
  3. ^ a b Energy Policies of IEA Countries – Czech Republic (PDF). OECD/IEA. 2005. p. 91. ISBN 92-64-10929-3. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  4. ^ Andrew E. Kramer (2008-07-11). "Russian oil to Czechs slows after U.S. pact". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  5. ^ "The Central Crude Oil Tank Farm Nelahozeves". MERO ČR. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-11-15.

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