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{{Infobox Port
{{Infobox Port
| name = Port of Split
| name = Port of Split
| image = SplitFMFSkatalog.jpg
| image = Port of Split in Croatia (48608601531).jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = The City Port in Split
| image_caption = The City Port in Split
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| pushpin_map_geomask = yes
| pushpin_map_geomask = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|43.505079|N|16.442156|E}}
| coordinates = {{coord|43.505079|N|16.442156|E}}
| locode = HRSPU<ref name="Locode-1">{{cite web |title=UNLOCODE (HR) - CROATIA |url=https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/hr.htm |website=service.unece.org |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>
| locode = HRSPU<ref name="Locode-1">{{cite web |title=Unlocode (HR) - Croatia |url=https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/hr.htm |website=service.unece.org |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>
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| containervolume = {{increase}} 6,822&nbsp;[[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]] (2019)<ref name="DZS"/>
| containervolume = {{increase}} 6,822&nbsp;[[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]] (2019)<ref name="DZS"/>
| cargovalue =
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic = {{increase}} 5,319,441 (2019)<ref name="DZS"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portsplit.hr/luka-split/statistike/|title=Statistike}}</ref>
| passengertraffic = {{increase}} 5,8 million (2024)<ref name="DZS"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portsplit.hr/luka-split/statistike/|title=Statistike}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/split/splitska-gradska-luka-oborila-rekord-nikad-toliko-putnika-kao-prosle-godine-premasila-je-po-broju-cak-i-famoznu-2019-1363651|title=Slobodna Dalmacija}}</ref>
| revenue =
| revenue =
| profit =
| profit =
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The '''Port of Split''' ({{lang-hr|Luka Split}}) is a [[port]] in the central [[Dalmatia]]n city of [[Split, Croatia|Split]], [[Croatia]]. The port was originally a trading post originally established by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] settlers from the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]] and subsequently taken over by the Romans. The port thrived through the [[Middle Ages]], but it suffered a decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when the [[Port of Rijeka]] took over as the primary trading and shipping outlet of the region. The decline was also attributed to the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]], a traditional market for the Port of Split, and the growing domination of [[Austrian Empire]].
The '''Port of Split''' ({{langx|hr|Luka Split}}) is a [[port]] in the central [[Dalmatia]]n city of [[Split, Croatia|Split]], [[Croatia]]. The port was originally a trading post originally established by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] settlers from the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]] and subsequently taken over by the Romans. The port thrived through the [[Middle Ages]], but it suffered a decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when the [[Port of Rijeka]] took over as the primary trading and shipping outlet of the region. The decline was also attributed to the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]], a traditional market for the Port of Split, and the growing domination of [[Austrian Empire]].


As of 2017, the port ranks as the largest passenger port in Croatia, the largest passenger port in the [[Adriatic]],<ref>Risposte Turismo: ''[http://www.adriaticseaforum.com/2017/Public/RisposteTurismo_AdriaticSeaTourismReport2017.pdf Adriatic Sea Tourism Report 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331092845/http://www.adriaticseaforum.com/2017/Public/RisposteTurismo_AdriaticSeaTourismReport2017.pdf |date=2021-03-31 }}'', p. 24</ref> and the 11th largest port in the Mediterranean,<ref>[[List of busiest ports in Europe#Busiest passenger ports]]</ref> with annual passenger volume of approximately 5 million. By 2010, the Port of Split recorded 18,000 ship arrivals each year. The port is managed by the Port of Split Authority (PSA). In the late 2000s, the PSA and the port operators, Trajektna Luka Split d.d. and Luka d.d. Split, started to implement an investment plan aimed at increasing both passenger and cargo traffic volume, scheduled to be completed by 2015, which would allow the port to handle up to 7&nbsp;million passengers per year.
As of 2017, the port ranks as the largest passenger port in Croatia, the largest passenger port in the [[Adriatic]],<ref>Risposte Turismo: ''[http://www.adriaticseaforum.com/2017/Public/RisposteTurismo_AdriaticSeaTourismReport2017.pdf Adriatic Sea Tourism Report 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331092845/http://www.adriaticseaforum.com/2017/Public/RisposteTurismo_AdriaticSeaTourismReport2017.pdf |date=31 March 2021 }}'', p. 24</ref> and the 11th largest port in the Mediterranean,<ref>[[List of busiest ports in Europe#Busiest passenger ports]]</ref> with annual passenger volume of approximately 5 million. By 2010, the Port of Split recorded 18,000 ship arrivals each year. The port is managed by the Port of Split Authority (PSA). In the late 2000s, the PSA and the port operators, Trajektna Luka Split d.d. and Luka d.d. Split, started to implement an investment plan aimed at increasing both passenger and cargo traffic volume, scheduled to be completed by 2015, which would allow the port to handle up to 7&nbsp;million passengers per year.


==Business operations==
==Business operations==
[[File:Jadrolinija Petar Hektorović, Split.jpg|thumb|left|250px|alt=Ferry underway|The ferry ''Petar Hektorović'' departing the Port of Split]]
[[File:Jadrolinija Petar Hektorović, Split.jpg|thumb|left|250px|alt=Ferry underway|The ferry ''Petar Hektorović'' departing the Port of Split]]
The Port of Split is the largest passenger port in Croatia and the third largest passenger seaport in the Mediterranean.<ref name="SD-3-Med-Split">{{cite news| newspaper= [[Slobodna Dalmacija]]| title= Premijerka Kosor otvorila produljeni Gat sv. Duje u Splitu| trans-title= Prime Minister Kosor Opens extended St. Domnius Pier in Split| language= Croatian| url= http://web1.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Split/tabid/72/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/108223/Default.aspx| date= 3 July 2010| access-date= 3 October 2011| author= Petar Dorić}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The port is administered by the Port of Split Authority, and the primary [[Concession (contract)|concessionaires]] Trajektna Luka Split and Luka d.d. Split, as well as 11 secondary concessionaires awarded concessions to use the port facilities or provide services in the port. The primary concessionaires are operating the City Port Split and Vranjic-Solin basin area, respectively, with the secondary concessionaires active in Vranjic-Solin area of the port and the terminals based in Kaštela. The latter are Dalmacijacement, PROplin, Brodomerkur, Trast, Tehnospoj, Dujmovača, Žitni Terminal, [[INA (company)|INA]], Profectus, Eko Kaštelanski Zaljev and [[OMV]] companies.<ref name="PSA-Concessionaires">{{cite web| publisher= Split Port Authority| url= http://www.portsplit.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=35&lang=en| title= Concessionaries for Terminals| date= 26 November 2009| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref> Passenger and vehicle transit is handled by [[Jadrolinija]], [[Krilo Shipping Company]], [[Krilo - Kapetan Luka]] and [[Split Express]]; however in 2009 [[Jadrolinija]] share of the passenger traffic volume reached 85%. In 2009, total passenger traffic volume reached 3,995,846 passengers, representing a 3.3% drop compared to the previous year.<ref name="PSA-Passengers2009">{{cite web| publisher= Split Port Authority| title= Brodari 2009|trans-title=Shipping companies 2009| language= Croatian| url= http://www.portsplit.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=106&Itemid=96| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref> The port serves eight island ferry lines, and nine additional passenger shipping lines connecting nearby islands. There are such transport links to the islands of [[Brač]] and [[Hvar]]&mdash;carrying up to 2,000 and 1,000 vehicles per day during tourist seasons&mdash;as well as to islands of [[Vis (island)|Vis]], [[Lastovo]], [[Korčula]], [[Šolta]], [[Drvenik Veliki]], [[Drvenik Mali]] providing regular transport links for a large area.<ref name="Ferries">{{cite web|publisher=Coastal Line Maritime Transport Agency |url=http://www.agencija-zolpp.hr/Brodskelinije/tabid/1267/Default.aspx |language=Croatian |title=Plovidbeni red za 2011. godinu |trans-title=Sailing schedule for year 2011 |access-date=September 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902234646/http://www.agencija-zolpp.hr/Brodskelinije/tabid/1267/Default.aspx |archive-date=September 2, 2011 }}</ref> In 2009, the ferry lines carried [[annual average daily traffic]] of 1,698 vehicles. During the summer peak season, the [[Annual average daily traffic#Average summer daily traffic|volume]] increases to a total of 3,812 vehicles on average.<ref name="Traffic-Count-2009">{{cite web|publisher=[[Hrvatske ceste]] |url=http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |title=Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009 |date=May 2010 |access-date=September 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721100545/http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref>
The Port of Split is the largest passenger port in Croatia and the third largest passenger seaport in the Mediterranean.<ref name="SD-3-Med-Split">{{cite news| newspaper= [[Slobodna Dalmacija]]| title= Premijerka Kosor otvorila produljeni Gat sv. Duje u Splitu| trans-title= Prime Minister Kosor Opens extended St. Domnius Pier in Split| language= Croatian| url= http://web1.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Split/tabid/72/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/108223/Default.aspx| date= 3 July 2010| access-date= 3 October 2011| author= Petar Dorić}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The port is administered by the Port of Split Authority, and the primary [[Concession (contract)|concessionaires]] Trajektna Luka Split and Luka d.d. Split, as well as 11 secondary concessionaires awarded concessions to use the port facilities or provide services in the port. The primary concessionaires are operating the City Port Split and Vranjic-Solin basin area, respectively, with the secondary concessionaires active in Vranjic-Solin area of the port and the terminals based in Kaštela. The latter are Dalmacijacement, PROplin, Brodomerkur, Trast, Tehnospoj, Dujmovača, Žitni Terminal, [[INA (company)|INA]], Profectus, Eko Kaštelanski Zaljev and [[OMV]] companies.<ref name="PSA-Concessionaires">{{cite web| publisher= Split Port Authority| url= http://www.portsplit.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=35&lang=en| title= Concessionaries for Terminals| date= 26 November 2009| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref> Passenger and vehicle transit is handled by [[Jadrolinija]], [[Krilo Shipping Company]], [[Krilo - Kapetan Luka]] and [[Split Express]]; however in 2009 [[Jadrolinija]] share of the passenger traffic volume reached 85%. In 2009, total passenger traffic volume reached 3,995,846 passengers, representing a 3.3% drop compared to the previous year.<ref name="PSA-Passengers2009">{{cite web| publisher= Split Port Authority| title= Brodari 2009|trans-title=Shipping companies 2009| language= Croatian| url= http://www.portsplit.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=106&Itemid=96| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref> The port serves eight island ferry lines, and nine additional passenger shipping lines connecting nearby islands. There are such transport links to the islands of [[Brač]] and [[Hvar]]&mdash;carrying up to 2,000 and 1,000 vehicles per day during tourist seasons&mdash;as well as to islands of [[Vis (island)|Vis]], [[Lastovo]], [[Korčula]], [[Šolta]], [[Drvenik Veliki]], [[Drvenik Mali]] providing regular transport links for a large area.<ref name="Ferries">{{cite web|publisher=Coastal Line Maritime Transport Agency |url=http://www.agencija-zolpp.hr/Brodskelinije/tabid/1267/Default.aspx |language=Croatian |title=Plovidbeni red za 2011. godinu |trans-title=Sailing schedule for year 2011 |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902234646/http://www.agencija-zolpp.hr/Brodskelinije/tabid/1267/Default.aspx |archive-date=2 September 2011 }}</ref> In 2009, the ferry lines carried [[annual average daily traffic]] of 1,698 vehicles. During the summer peak season, the [[Annual average daily traffic#Average summer daily traffic|volume]] increases to a total of 3,812 vehicles on average.<ref name="Traffic-Count-2009">{{cite web|publisher=[[Hrvatske ceste]] |url=http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |title=Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009 |date=May 2010 |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721100545/http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>


[[File:Dalmatia (ship, 1977) IMO 7516761; At the port of Split, 2011-09-23.jpg|thumb|right|MV Dalmatia in the port of Split]]
[[File:Dalmatia (ship, 1977) IMO 7516761; At the port of Split, 2011-09-23.jpg|thumb|right|MV Dalmatia in the port of Split]]


In 2008, the Port of Split recorded a total of 16,527 ship arrivals, and handled 2.7&nbsp;million tonnes of cargo.<ref name="DZS-LukaSplit">{{cite web| publisher= [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]]| url= http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2009/PDF/21-bind.pdf| title= Statistical Yearbook - year 2008| year= 2009| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref> In 2008, Luka d.d. Split, the primary cargo concessionaire company of the Port of Split, recorded substantial growth of transshipment volume. In the first nine months of the year, the company handled 276,000&nbsp;tonnes of cargo, representing a growth rate of 20% achieved by that company. The cargo volume projected for the entire year was estimated at 345,000&nbsp;tonnes, including 6,170&nbsp;[[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]]. The growth was permitted by investments made in late 2007, and the increased volume of operation brought about profit of approximately 2.4&nbsp;million [[Croatian kuna|kuna]] (325,000&nbsp;[[euro]]) in the first nine months of 2008.<ref name="Limun-LukaSplit">{{cite web| publisher= Limun.hr| url= http://www.limun.hr/main.aspx?ID=356517| language= Croatian| title= Luka Split nastavlja sa rastom prometa|trans-title=Luka Split turnover continues to grow| date= 17 October 2008| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref> Overall port operations continue to grow, as 18,000 arrivals were recorded by 2010.<ref name="SD-3-Med-Split"/> Director of the Split Port Authority is Joško Berket Bakota.<ref name="MMPI-PortAuthorities">{{cite web| publisher= [[Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)]]| language= Croatian| title= Lučke uprave|trans-title=Port Authorities| access-date= 3 October 2011| url= http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=661}}</ref>
In 2008, the Port of Split recorded a total of 16,527 ship arrivals, and handled 2.7&nbsp;million tonnes of cargo.<ref name="DZS-LukaSplit">{{cite web| publisher= [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]]| url= http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2009/PDF/21-bind.pdf| title= Statistical Yearbook - year 2008| year= 2009| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref> In 2008, Luka d.d. Split, the primary cargo concessionaire company of the Port of Split, recorded substantial growth of transshipment volume. In the first nine months of the year, the company handled 276,000&nbsp;tonnes of cargo, representing a growth rate of 20% achieved by that company. The cargo volume projected for the entire year was estimated at 345,000&nbsp;tonnes, including 6,170&nbsp;[[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]]. The growth was permitted by investments made in late 2007, and the increased volume of operation brought about profit of approximately 2.4&nbsp;million [[Croatian kuna|kuna]] (325,000&nbsp;[[euro]]) in the first nine months of 2008.<ref name="Limun-LukaSplit">{{cite web| publisher= Limun.hr| url= http://www.limun.hr/main.aspx?ID=356517| language= Croatian| title= Luka Split nastavlja sa rastom prometa| trans-title= Luka Split turnover continues to grow| date= 17 October 2008| access-date= 3 October 2011| archive-date= 2 April 2012| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120402021150/http://www.limun.hr/main.aspx?ID=356517| url-status= dead}}</ref> Overall port operations continue to grow, as 18,000 arrivals were recorded by 2010.<ref name="SD-3-Med-Split"/> Director of the Split Port Authority is Joško Berket Bakota.<ref name="MMPI-PortAuthorities">{{cite web| publisher= [[Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)]]| language= Croatian| title= Lučke uprave| trans-title= Port Authorities| access-date= 3 October 2011| url= http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=661}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


==Transport facilities==
==Transport facilities==
[[File:Splitska riva 2.JPG|thumb|right|250px|alt=Moored fery|Ferry dock in the Port of Split]]
[[File:Splitska riva 2.JPG|thumb|right|250px|alt=Moored fery|Ferry dock in the Port of Split]]
The Port of Split is located on the [[Adriatic Sea]] coast in a bay protected by the [[Split, Croatia|Split]] peninsula and a string of islands. Its facilities include terminals and other structures in Split, [[Solin]] and [[Kaštela]], all located on approximately {{convert|15|km|abbr=off|sp=us}} of coast. The port is connected by the [[International E-road network]] routes [[European route E65|E65]] and [[European route E71|E71]] carried by the [[A1 (Croatia)|Croatian A1 motorway]] and the [[D1 road (Croatia)|D1 state road]].<ref name="Regulation on motorway markings">{{cite web | publisher=[[Narodne novine]] | language = Croatian | url = http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/305463.html | title = Pravilnik o označavanju autocesta, njihove stacionaže, brojeva izlaza i prometnih čvorišta te naziva izlaza, prometnih čvorišta i odmorišta |trans-title=Regulation on motorway markings, chainage, interchange/exit/rest area numbers and names | date = May 6, 2003 | access-date=August 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="UNECE-384E">{{cite web | publisher=[[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] | url = http://live.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/conventn/ECE-TRANS-SC1-384e.pdf | title = European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries | date = March 28, 2008 | access-date=August 24, 2011}}</ref> The port is also connected with Zagreb by an [[Railway electrification system|un-electrified]] single-track railway, which runs through Knin and Karlovac.<ref name="PSA-History">{{cite web| publisher= Split Port Authority| url= http://www.portsplit.hr/index.php?Itemid=30&id=13&option=com_content&sectionid=4&task=category| title= Port History| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)]]|language=Croatian|url=http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=7115|title=Strateški plan Ministarstva mora, prometa in infrastrukture za razdoblje 2011.-2013.|trans-title=Strategic plan of the Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure for 2011-2013 period|date=6 August 2010|access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref>
The Port of Split is located on the [[Adriatic Sea]] coast in a bay protected by the [[Split, Croatia|Split]] peninsula and a string of islands. Its facilities include terminals and other structures in Split, [[Solin]] and [[Kaštela]], all located on approximately {{convert|15|km|abbr=off|sp=us}} of coast. The port is connected by the [[International E-road network]] routes [[European route E65|E65]] and [[European route E71|E71]] carried by the [[A1 (Croatia)|Croatian A1 motorway]] and the [[D1 road (Croatia)|D1 state road]].<ref name="Regulation on motorway markings">{{cite web | publisher=[[Narodne novine]] | language = Croatian | url = http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/305463.html | title = Pravilnik o označavanju autocesta, njihove stacionaže, brojeva izlaza i prometnih čvorišta te naziva izlaza, prometnih čvorišta i odmorišta |trans-title=Regulation on motorway markings, chainage, interchange/exit/rest area numbers and names | date = 6 May 2003 | access-date=24 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="UNECE-384E">{{cite web | publisher=[[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] | url = http://live.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/conventn/ECE-TRANS-SC1-384e.pdf | title = European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries | date = 28 March 2008 | access-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> The port is also connected with Zagreb by an [[Railway electrification system|un-electrified]] single-track railway, which runs through Knin and Karlovac.<ref name="PSA-History">{{cite web| publisher= Split Port Authority| url= http://www.portsplit.hr/index.php?Itemid=30&id=13&option=com_content&sectionid=4&task=category| title= Port History| access-date= 3 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)]]|language=Croatian|url=http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=7115|title=Strateški plan Ministarstva mora, prometa in infrastrukture za razdoblje 2011.-2013.|trans-title=Strategic plan of the Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure for 2011-2013 period|date=6 August 2010|access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref>


The port comprises several terminals:
The port comprises several terminals:
Line 77: Line 78:


==History==
==History==
[[File:US Navy 090530-N-5345W-109 Deck department Sailors man the foc'sle rails as the amphibious dock landing ship USS Fort McHenry (LSD 43) makes her approach to the port city of Split, Croatia.jpg|thumb|right|250px|alt=View of coast and port from an approaching ship|The Port of Split approach seen from the [[USS Fort McHenry (LSD-43)|USS ''Fort McHenry'']]]]
[[File:Port of Split from the USS George H.W. Bush.jpg|thumb|right|250px|alt=View of coast and port from a ship at anchor|Port of Split seen from the flightdeck of the [[USS George H.W. Bush|USS ''George H.W. Bush'']]]]
The first trading post at the site of the Port of Split was Aspalathos, established by Greek settlers from the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]] in the 4th century BC. Position of the trading post was selected because of its location in a natural harbor and its proximity to numerous Adriatic Sea islands and extensive hinterland populated by [[Illyria]]ns, most notably in [[Salona]]. The area subsequently became a part of the [[Roman Empire]],<ref>{{cite book|author1=Edward Gibbon|author-link=Edward Gibbon|author2=John Bagnell Bury|author2-link=John Bagnell Bury|author3=Daniel J. Boorstin|author3-link=Daniel J. Boorstin|title=The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|publisher=[[Modern Library]]|year=1995|location=New York|page=335|isbn=978-0-679-60148-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bdKLyie1M50C|access-date=27 October 2011}}</ref> and after its [[Decline of the Roman Empire]], the coast was brought under rule of the [[Byzantine Empire]], until the area was absorbed into the [[Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)|Kingdom of Croatia]] in the beginning of the 10th century.<ref name="Posavec">{{cite journal|journal=Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest|volume=30|issue=1|issn=0353-295X|pages=281–290|title=Povijesni zemljovidi i granice Hrvatske u Tomislavovo doba|trans-title=Historical maps and borders of Croatia in age of Tomislav|language=Croatian|author=Vladimir Posavec|date=March 1998|access-date=16 October 2011|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=62779}}</ref> In 1102, Croatia and [[Kingdom of Hungary]] were joined in a [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|personal union]].<ref name="HR-HU-Heka">{{cite journal|journal=Scrinia Slavonica|issn=1332-4853|publisher=Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje|title= Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije|trans-title=Croatian-Hungarian relations from the Middle Ages to the Compromise of 1868, with a special survey of the Slavonian issue|language=Croatian|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68144|author= Ladislav Heka|date=October 2008|volume=8|issue=1|pages=152–173|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> By the 12th century, Split had developed trading routes with its hinterland and maritime trade throughout the Adriatic Sea and the [[Mediterranean]].<ref name="PSA-History"/> The [[Republic of Venice]] of gained full control of [[Dalmatia]] and the city of Split by 1428.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C|author=Richard C. Frucht|title=Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn= 978-1-57607-800-6|access-date=21 December 2011|pages=422–423}}</ref> In the 16th century, Split was the central maritime trade outlet of the [[Balkans]], where goods were transported from the [[Ottoman Empire]], [[India]] and [[Persia]] to the Venetian Republic and vice versa. After the fall of Venice, Split was briefly ruled by the [[Habsburg monarchy]] and [[Austrian Empire]] between 1797 and 1806, and the [[First French Empire]] until 1813 when Austrian rule was restored.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTC3IWC_py8C|author=Harold Nicolson|author-link=Harold Nicolson|title=The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity: 1812–1822|publisher=[[Grove Press]]|isbn=978-0-8021-3744-9|page=180|year=2000|access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref> In that period, trade routes shifted to other Adriatic ports, especially the [[Port of Rijeka]], causing a downturn in the city's economy.<ref name="PSA-History"/>
The first trading post at the site of the Port of Split was Aspalathos, established by Greek settlers from the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]] in the 4th century BC. Position of the trading post was selected because of its location in a natural harbor and its proximity to numerous Adriatic Sea islands and extensive hinterland populated by [[Illyria]]ns, most notably in [[Salona]]. The area subsequently became a part of the [[Roman Empire]],<ref>{{cite book|author1=Edward Gibbon|author-link=Edward Gibbon|author2=John Bagnell Bury|author2-link=John Bagnell Bury|author3=Daniel J. Boorstin|author3-link=Daniel J. Boorstin|title=The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|publisher=[[Modern Library]]|year=1995|location=New York|page=335|isbn=978-0-679-60148-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bdKLyie1M50C|access-date=27 October 2011}}</ref> and after its [[Decline of the Roman Empire]], the coast was brought under rule of the [[Byzantine Empire]], until the area was absorbed into the [[Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)|Kingdom of Croatia]] in the beginning of the 10th century.<ref name="Posavec">{{cite journal|journal=Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest|volume=30|issue=1|issn=0353-295X|pages=281–290|title=Povijesni zemljovidi i granice Hrvatske u Tomislavovo doba|trans-title=Historical maps and borders of Croatia in age of Tomislav|language=Croatian|author=Vladimir Posavec|date=March 1998|access-date=16 October 2011|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=62779}}</ref> In 1102, Croatia and [[Kingdom of Hungary]] were joined in a [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|personal union]].<ref name="HR-HU-Heka">{{cite journal|journal=Scrinia Slavonica|issn=1332-4853|publisher=Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje|title= Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije|trans-title=Croatian-Hungarian relations from the Middle Ages to the Compromise of 1868, with a special survey of the Slavonian issue|language=Croatian|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68144|author= Ladislav Heka|date=October 2008|volume=8|issue=1|pages=152–173|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> By the 12th century, Split had developed trading routes with its hinterland and maritime trade throughout the Adriatic Sea and the [[Mediterranean]].<ref name="PSA-History"/> The [[Republic of Venice]] of gained full control of [[Dalmatia]] and the city of Split by 1428.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C|author=Richard C. Frucht|title=Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn= 978-1-57607-800-6|access-date=21 December 2011|pages=422–423}}</ref> In the 16th century, Split was the central maritime trade outlet of the [[Balkans]], where goods were transported from the [[Ottoman Empire]], [[India]] and [[Persia]] to the Venetian Republic and vice versa. After the fall of Venice, Split was briefly ruled by the [[Habsburg monarchy]] and [[Austrian Empire]] between 1797 and 1806, and the [[First French Empire]] until 1813 when Austrian rule was restored.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTC3IWC_py8C|author=Harold Nicolson|author-link=Harold Nicolson|title=The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity: 1812–1822|publisher=[[Grove Press]]|isbn=978-0-8021-3744-9|page=180|year=2000|access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref> In that period, trade routes shifted to other Adriatic ports, especially the [[Port of Rijeka]], causing a downturn in the city's economy.<ref name="PSA-History"/>


Latest revision as of 00:27, 9 November 2024

Port of Split
The City Port in Split
Map
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
Location
CountryCroatia
LocationSplit
Coordinates43°30′18″N 16°26′32″E / 43.505079°N 16.442156°E / 43.505079; 16.442156
UN/LOCODEHRSPU[1]
Details
Operated bySplit Port Authority
Luka d.d. Split
Trajektna Luka Split d.d.
Director of the Port AuthorityJoško Berket Bakota
Luka d.d. Split chairmanDragan Žanetić
Trajektna Luka Split d.d. chairmanToni Medvidović
Statistics
Vessel arrivals23,468 (2019)[2]
Annual cargo tonnageIncrease 2,040,547 tonnes (2020)[2]
Annual container volumeIncrease 6,822 TEUs (2019)[2]
Passenger trafficIncrease 5,8 million (2024)[2][3][4]
Website
www.portsplit.hr

The Port of Split (Croatian: Luka Split) is a port in the central Dalmatian city of Split, Croatia. The port was originally a trading post originally established by Greek settlers from the island of Vis and subsequently taken over by the Romans. The port thrived through the Middle Ages, but it suffered a decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when the Port of Rijeka took over as the primary trading and shipping outlet of the region. The decline was also attributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire, a traditional market for the Port of Split, and the growing domination of Austrian Empire.

As of 2017, the port ranks as the largest passenger port in Croatia, the largest passenger port in the Adriatic,[5] and the 11th largest port in the Mediterranean,[6] with annual passenger volume of approximately 5 million. By 2010, the Port of Split recorded 18,000 ship arrivals each year. The port is managed by the Port of Split Authority (PSA). In the late 2000s, the PSA and the port operators, Trajektna Luka Split d.d. and Luka d.d. Split, started to implement an investment plan aimed at increasing both passenger and cargo traffic volume, scheduled to be completed by 2015, which would allow the port to handle up to 7 million passengers per year.

Business operations

[edit]
Ferry underway
The ferry Petar Hektorović departing the Port of Split

The Port of Split is the largest passenger port in Croatia and the third largest passenger seaport in the Mediterranean.[7] The port is administered by the Port of Split Authority, and the primary concessionaires Trajektna Luka Split and Luka d.d. Split, as well as 11 secondary concessionaires awarded concessions to use the port facilities or provide services in the port. The primary concessionaires are operating the City Port Split and Vranjic-Solin basin area, respectively, with the secondary concessionaires active in Vranjic-Solin area of the port and the terminals based in Kaštela. The latter are Dalmacijacement, PROplin, Brodomerkur, Trast, Tehnospoj, Dujmovača, Žitni Terminal, INA, Profectus, Eko Kaštelanski Zaljev and OMV companies.[8] Passenger and vehicle transit is handled by Jadrolinija, Krilo Shipping Company, Krilo - Kapetan Luka and Split Express; however in 2009 Jadrolinija share of the passenger traffic volume reached 85%. In 2009, total passenger traffic volume reached 3,995,846 passengers, representing a 3.3% drop compared to the previous year.[9] The port serves eight island ferry lines, and nine additional passenger shipping lines connecting nearby islands. There are such transport links to the islands of Brač and Hvar—carrying up to 2,000 and 1,000 vehicles per day during tourist seasons—as well as to islands of Vis, Lastovo, Korčula, Šolta, Drvenik Veliki, Drvenik Mali providing regular transport links for a large area.[10] In 2009, the ferry lines carried annual average daily traffic of 1,698 vehicles. During the summer peak season, the volume increases to a total of 3,812 vehicles on average.[11]

MV Dalmatia in the port of Split

In 2008, the Port of Split recorded a total of 16,527 ship arrivals, and handled 2.7 million tonnes of cargo.[12] In 2008, Luka d.d. Split, the primary cargo concessionaire company of the Port of Split, recorded substantial growth of transshipment volume. In the first nine months of the year, the company handled 276,000 tonnes of cargo, representing a growth rate of 20% achieved by that company. The cargo volume projected for the entire year was estimated at 345,000 tonnes, including 6,170 TEUs. The growth was permitted by investments made in late 2007, and the increased volume of operation brought about profit of approximately 2.4 million kuna (325,000 euro) in the first nine months of 2008.[13] Overall port operations continue to grow, as 18,000 arrivals were recorded by 2010.[7] Director of the Split Port Authority is Joško Berket Bakota.[14]

Transport facilities

[edit]
Moored fery
Ferry dock in the Port of Split

The Port of Split is located on the Adriatic Sea coast in a bay protected by the Split peninsula and a string of islands. Its facilities include terminals and other structures in Split, Solin and Kaštela, all located on approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) of coast. The port is connected by the International E-road network routes E65 and E71 carried by the Croatian A1 motorway and the D1 state road.[15][16] The port is also connected with Zagreb by an un-electrified single-track railway, which runs through Knin and Karlovac.[17][18]

The port comprises several terminals:

  • The Port of Split - handles yachts, fishing vessels, passenger ships, navigation safety craft, sailing ships, tugboats, seaplanes and ferries; contains a passenger terminal and a rail link, 28 berths and accommodates vessels up to 250 meters (820 feet) long with draught up to 7.9 meters (26 feet)[19]
  • Resnik-Divulje passenger terminal - designed to facilitate transfer of ship passengers to the Split Airport, located just 950 metres (3,120 feet) away; The terminal consists of a single berth accommodating craft up to 40 meters (130 feet) long with draught up to 4.5 meters (15 feet)[20]
  • Vranjic-Solin basin - used as a container cargo terminal, comprising 5 berths, a roll-on/roll-off ramp, 8 storage warehouses, including refrigerated storage and open storage area; the terminal accommodates ships up to 198 meters (650 feet) long with draught up to 10.2 meters (33 feet); The facility is located in Vranjic area north of the city of Split, connected by railway and its own truck terminal.[21] The terminal comprises a Free Zone, allowing tax breaks for transshipment of cargo and processing of goods.[22] The terminal encompasses a 19.8-hectare (49-acre) area.[23]
  • Kaštela basin A - reserved for mooring of ships under instructions by the port authority[24]
  • Kaštela basin B - cargo terminal used by the secondary concessionaires (other than Luka d.d. Split), generally for their own transport needs, accommodating ships with draught up to 8.2 meters (27 feet)[25]
  • Kaštela basin C - mooring for laid-up vessels, pest control, fishing boats etc.; the terminal accommodates craft with draught up to 11.6 meters (38 feet)[26]

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

As of 13 August 2016, there are currently no scheduled services as the only airline here, European Coastal Airlines, has suspended operations.

History

[edit]
View of coast and port from a ship at anchor
Port of Split seen from the flightdeck of the USS George H.W. Bush

The first trading post at the site of the Port of Split was Aspalathos, established by Greek settlers from the island of Vis in the 4th century BC. Position of the trading post was selected because of its location in a natural harbor and its proximity to numerous Adriatic Sea islands and extensive hinterland populated by Illyrians, most notably in Salona. The area subsequently became a part of the Roman Empire,[27] and after its Decline of the Roman Empire, the coast was brought under rule of the Byzantine Empire, until the area was absorbed into the Kingdom of Croatia in the beginning of the 10th century.[28] In 1102, Croatia and Kingdom of Hungary were joined in a personal union.[29] By the 12th century, Split had developed trading routes with its hinterland and maritime trade throughout the Adriatic Sea and the Mediterranean.[17] The Republic of Venice of gained full control of Dalmatia and the city of Split by 1428.[30] In the 16th century, Split was the central maritime trade outlet of the Balkans, where goods were transported from the Ottoman Empire, India and Persia to the Venetian Republic and vice versa. After the fall of Venice, Split was briefly ruled by the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire between 1797 and 1806, and the First French Empire until 1813 when Austrian rule was restored.[31] In that period, trade routes shifted to other Adriatic ports, especially the Port of Rijeka, causing a downturn in the city's economy.[17]

In the second half of the 19th century, the economy of the city of Split and its surrounding area started to recover and Split soon became hub of the central Dalmatia, connecting the hinterland and the neighboring islands. This spurred development of the city port and its transport connections, including construction of a new breakwater and the Split–Knin railway. In 1925, the railway was linked to the Rijeka–Zagreb railway via Gospić, allowing development of a modern port. Since 1957,[32] cargo terminals of the Port of Split were relocated from the city centre to industrial zones in Solin and Kaštela areas, while passenger traffic still uses the centrally positioned harbor.[17]

Future expansion

[edit]

As of 2011, the Port of Split facilities are intended to be modernized to specialize in domestic and international passenger traffic. Consequently, St. Nicholas pier is planned to be extended and summer seasonal berths are scheduled to be added by 2015. The Resnik-Divulje passenger terminal is planned to be expanded within the framework of the second construction stage entailing two additional berths by the end of 2014. The expansions of the two passenger terminals are aimed at achieving passenger transport capacity of 7 million passengers per year. Two new berths capable of accommodating 300-metre (980 ft) long cruise ships are also planned, and is expected to cost 100 million kuna (13.3 million euro) to construct.[33][34] The container terminal in Vranjic-Solin basin is also expected to be modernized and its infrastructure is planned to be upgraded. Other segments of the port are scheduled to undergo comparably minor repairs as well.[35]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Unlocode (HR) - Croatia". service.unece.org. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d "Transport - promet u morskim lukama", DZS
  3. ^ "Statistike".
  4. ^ "Slobodna Dalmacija".
  5. ^ Risposte Turismo: Adriatic Sea Tourism Report 2017 Archived 31 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, p. 24
  6. ^ List of busiest ports in Europe#Busiest passenger ports
  7. ^ a b Petar Dorić (3 July 2010). "Premijerka Kosor otvorila produljeni Gat sv. Duje u Splitu" [Prime Minister Kosor Opens extended St. Domnius Pier in Split]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 3 October 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^ "Concessionaries for Terminals". Split Port Authority. 26 November 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  9. ^ "Brodari 2009" [Shipping companies 2009] (in Croatian). Split Port Authority. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  10. ^ "Plovidbeni red za 2011. godinu" [Sailing schedule for year 2011] (in Croatian). Coastal Line Maritime Transport Agency. Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  11. ^ "Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009" (PDF). Hrvatske ceste. May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  12. ^ "Statistical Yearbook - year 2008" (PDF). Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  13. ^ "Luka Split nastavlja sa rastom prometa" [Luka Split turnover continues to grow] (in Croatian). Limun.hr. 17 October 2008. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  14. ^ "Lučke uprave" [Port Authorities] (in Croatian). Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia). Retrieved 3 October 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  15. ^ "Pravilnik o označavanju autocesta, njihove stacionaže, brojeva izlaza i prometnih čvorišta te naziva izlaza, prometnih čvorišta i odmorišta" [Regulation on motorway markings, chainage, interchange/exit/rest area numbers and names] (in Croatian). Narodne novine. 6 May 2003. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  16. ^ "European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 28 March 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  17. ^ a b c d "Port History". Split Port Authority. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  18. ^ "Strateški plan Ministarstva mora, prometa in infrastrukture za razdoblje 2011.-2013" [Strategic plan of the Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure for 2011-2013 period] (in Croatian). Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia). 6 August 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  19. ^ "The City Port of Split". Split Port Authority. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  20. ^ "Terminal for Passenger Traffic RESNIK-DIVULJE". Split Port Authority. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  21. ^ "Berths". Luka d.d. Split. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  22. ^ "Free Zone". Luka d.d. Split. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  23. ^ "Basic information". Luka d.d. Split. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  24. ^ "Kastela Basin - Basin A". Split Port Authority. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  25. ^ "Kastela Basin - Basin B". Split Port Authority. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  26. ^ "Kastela Basin - Basin C". Split Port Authority. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  27. ^ Edward Gibbon; John Bagnell Bury; Daniel J. Boorstin (1995). The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. New York: Modern Library. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-679-60148-7. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  28. ^ Vladimir Posavec (March 1998). "Povijesni zemljovidi i granice Hrvatske u Tomislavovo doba" [Historical maps and borders of Croatia in age of Tomislav]. Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest (in Croatian). 30 (1): 281–290. ISSN 0353-295X. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  29. ^ Ladislav Heka (October 2008). "Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije" [Croatian-Hungarian relations from the Middle Ages to the Compromise of 1868, with a special survey of the Slavonian issue]. Scrinia Slavonica (in Croatian). 8 (1). Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje: 152–173. ISSN 1332-4853. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  30. ^ Richard C. Frucht (2005). Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 422–423. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  31. ^ Harold Nicolson (2000). The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity: 1812–1822. Grove Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-8021-3744-9. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  32. ^ Sandi Vidulić (2 March 2010). "Od Rodrige do Žuvića" [From Rodriga to Žuvić]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  33. ^ Dobrila Stella (7 February 2011). "Splitska luka za 100 milijuna kuna gradi dva veza za ploveće hotele" [The Port of Split to Build two Berths for Floating Hotels]. Vjesnik (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  34. ^ "Luke" [Ports] (in Croatian). Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia). Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  35. ^ Jadranka Klisović (3 October 2011). "Hrvatske luke postaju vodeće u ovom dijelu Europe" [Croatian Ports to Become Leading in this Part of Europe]. Vjesnik (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
[edit]
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