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| caption = Turkmen infantry
| caption = Turkmen infantry
| start_date = 1992
| start_date = 1992
| branch = Ground force
| branch =
| type = [[Army]]
| type = [[Army]]
| role = Ground warfare
| role = Ground warfare
| size = 18,500 troops
| size = 42,758 troops
| command_structure =
| command_structure = [[Armed Forces of Turkmenistan]]
| garrison = [[Ashgabat]]
| garrison = [[Ashgabat]]
| garrison_label = Headquarters
| garrison_label = Headquarters
Line 30: Line 30:
| flying_hours =
| flying_hours =
| website = <!-- Commanders -->
| website = <!-- Commanders -->
| commander1 = [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]]
| commander1 = [[Serdar Berdimuhamedow]]
| commander1_label = Commander-in-chief
| commander1_label = Supreme Commander-in-chief
| commander2 = Lieutenant Colonel Ayazov
| commander2 = Colonel Rovshen Ayazov
| commander2_label = Commander of the Ground Forces
| commander2_label = Commander of the [[Turkmen Ground Forces]]
| commander3 =
| commander3 = Colonel Ali Muhammetow
| commander3_label =
| commander3_label = Commander of the [[Turkmen Air Force]]
| commander4 =
| commander4 =
| commander4_label =
| commander4_label =
Line 78: Line 78:
| aircraft_helicopter_transport =
| aircraft_helicopter_transport =
}}
}}
[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (52).jpg|thumb|An armored vehicle during a parade in 2011]]
[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (51).jpg|thumb|An armored vehicle during a parade in 2011]]
The '''Turkmen Ground Forces''' ({{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň gury ýer güýçleri}}) is the army branch of the [[Armed Forces of Turkmenistan]]. The ground forces include the [[2nd Training Motor Rifle Division "Alp Arslan"|2nd]], 3rd, [[11th Motor Rifle Division "Sultan Sanjar"|11th]], and [[22nd Motor Rifle Division "Atamyrat Niyazov"|22nd]] Motor Rifle [[Division (military)|Divisions]] as well as smaller units consisting of various types of troops.
The '''Turkmen Ground Forces''' ({{Langx|tk|Türkmenistanyň gury ýer güýçleri}}) is the army branch of the [[Armed Forces of Turkmenistan]]. The ground forces include the [[2nd Training Motor Rifle Division "Alp Arslan"|2nd]], 3rd, [[11th Motor Rifle Division "Sultan Sanjar"|11th]], and [[22nd Motor Rifle Division "Atamyrat Niyazov"|22nd]] Motor Rifle [[Division (military)|Divisions]] as well as smaller units consisting of various types of troops.


== History ==
== History ==
Line 86: Line 86:
== Structure ==
== Structure ==
[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (10).jpg|thumb|Anti-aircraft units]]
[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (10).jpg|thumb|Anti-aircraft units]]
Units of the Ground Forces are located in each of the five military districts:<ref>https://www.caravan.kz/articles/voennyjj-balans-v-centralnojj-azii-371405/amp/</ref><ref name=":1">https://tugulympu.ru/ashhabada-v-voiskah-artillerii-posle-armii-mira-vooruzhennye-sily-turkmenii/</ref> [[Ahal Region|Ahal]] Military District, [[Balkan Region|Balkan]] Military District, [[Daşoguz Region|Dashoguz]] Military District, [[Lebap Region|Lebap]] Military District, [[Mary Region|Mary]] Military District. Direct operational control of the ground forces is carried out by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan.
Units of the Ground Forces are located in each of the five military districts:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caravan.kz/articles/voennyjj-balans-v-centralnojj-azii-371405/amp/|title=Военный баланс в Центральной Азии}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://tugulympu.ru/ashhabada-v-voiskah-artillerii-posle-armii-mira-vooruzhennye-sily-turkmenii/|title = Ашхабада в войсках артиллерии после. Армии мира}}</ref> [[Ahal Region|Ahal]] Military District, [[Balkan Region|Balkan]] Military District, [[Daşoguz Region|Dashoguz]] Military District, [[Lebap Region|Lebap]] Military District, [[Mary Region|Mary]] Military District. Direct operational control of the ground forces is carried out by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan.


In late 2017, the [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] listed the Ground Forces with a special forces regiment; a tank brigade, reportedly the 14th; the 3rd Motor Rifle Division, of a tank regiment, three motor rifle regiments, and an artillery regiment; the [[22nd Motor Rifle Division "Atamyrat Niyazov"]] with one tank regiment, one motor rifle regiment, and an artillery regiment; four motor rifle brigades; a naval infantry brigade, and the [[2nd Training Motor Rifle Division "Alp Arslan"]].<ref>Military Balance 2017, p226</ref> The IISS also listed smaller formations: a Scud brigade with [[SS-1 Scud]]; an artillery brigade; a mixed artillery/anti-tank regiment; a [[multiple rocket launcher]] brigade; an anti-tank regiment; an engineer regiment; and two [[surface-to-air missile]] brigades.
In late 2017, the [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] listed the Ground Forces with a special forces regiment; a tank brigade, reportedly the 14th; the 3rd Motor Rifle Division, of a tank regiment, three motor rifle regiments, and an artillery regiment; the [[22nd Motor Rifle Division "Atamyrat Niyazov"]] with one tank regiment, one motor rifle regiment, and an artillery regiment; four motor rifle brigades; a naval infantry brigade, and the [[2nd Training Motor Rifle Division "Alp Arslan"]].<ref>Military Balance 2017, p226</ref> The IISS also listed smaller formations: a Scud brigade with [[SS-1 Scud]]; an artillery brigade; a mixed artillery/anti-tank regiment; a [[multiple rocket launcher]] brigade; an anti-tank regiment; an engineer regiment; and two [[surface-to-air missile]] brigades.


An undated list of Ground Forces units included the following:<ref>http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/1516</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Л.Кияшко: Национальная армия Туркменистана - гарант мира и безопасности|url=https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1150025160|access-date=2020-12-25|website=centrasia.org}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
An undated list of Ground Forces units included the following:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/1516|title=TURKMEN ARMY UNITS NAMED AFTER PROMINENT GENERALS &#124; Turkmenistan.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Л.Кияшко: Национальная армия Туркменистана - гарант мира и безопасности|url=https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1150025160|access-date=2020-12-25|website=centrasia.org}}</ref><ref name=":1" />


*[[2nd Training Motor Rifle Division "Alp Arslan"]] (Headquarters [[Tejen]] in the [[Ahal Region]])<ref name=":1" />
*[[2nd Training Motor Rifle Division "Alp Arslan"]] (Headquarters [[Tejen]] in the [[Ahal Region]])<ref name=":1" />
Line 96: Line 96:
**1 Motorized Rifle Regiment
**1 Motorized Rifle Regiment
**1 Artillery Regiment
**1 Artillery Regiment
*3rd Motorized Rifle Division named [[Bairam Khan]] (Headquarters [[Ashgabat]])<ref>http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/14192</ref><ref name=":1" />
*3rd Motorized Rifle Division named [[Bairam Khan]] (Headquarters [[Ashgabat]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/14192|title = ДВА ГЕНЕРАЛ-МАЙОРА РАЗЖАЛОВАНЫ В ТУРКМЕНИИ ЗА НАРУШЕНИЯ И ПРОСТУПКИ &#124; Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
**1 Tank Regiment
**1 Tank Regiment
**3 Motorized Rifle Regiments
**3 Motorized Rifle Regiments
Line 104: Line 104:
**1 (23rd) Motorized Rifle Regiment
**1 (23rd) Motorized Rifle Regiment
**1 Artillery Regiment
**1 Artillery Regiment
*[[22nd Motor Rifle Division "Atamyrat Niyazov"|22nd Motorized Rifle Division named after Hero of Turkmenistan Atamyrat Niyazov]] (Headquarters [[Serdar (city)|Serdar]], [[Balkan Region]])<ref>http://old.redstar.ru/2004/07/15_07/n.html</ref><ref>http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/7320</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkmenistan conducts comprehensive military-tactical exercises {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/4033|access-date=2020-12-25|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
*[[22nd Motor Rifle Division "Atamyrat Niyazov"|22nd Motorized Rifle Division named after Hero of Turkmenistan Atamyrat Niyazov]] (Headquarters [[Serdar (city)|Serdar]], [[Balkan Region]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://old.redstar.ru/2004/07/15_07/n.html|title=НОВОСТИ на REDSTARe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/7320|title=Turkmen army demonstrates military skills to Turkmen president &#124; Turkmenistan.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkmenistan conducts comprehensive military-tactical exercises {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/4033|access-date=2020-12-25|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
**1 Tank Regiment
**1 Tank Regiment
**1 Motorized Rifle Regiment
**1 Motorized Rifle Regiment
Line 125: Line 125:
*Kelyata Training Center ([[Bäherden|Bäherden District]] of the [[Ahal Region]])
*Kelyata Training Center ([[Bäherden|Bäherden District]] of the [[Ahal Region]])
*Northern Kelete Training Ground (near the village of Kelete)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annual military exercise Galkan - 2007 held in Turkmenistan {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/5618|access-date=2020-12-20|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref>
*Northern Kelete Training Ground (near the village of Kelete)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annual military exercise Galkan - 2007 held in Turkmenistan {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/5618|access-date=2020-12-20|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref>
*Mountain Training Center "South Kelyata" (near [[Ashgabat]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkmenistan holds military-tactical exercise “Galkan-2011” {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/14821.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref>
*Mountain Training Center "South Kelyata" (near [[Ashgabat]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkmenistan holds military-tactical exercise "Galkan-2011" {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/14821.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref>


== Equipment ==
== Equipment ==
{{Main|List of equipment of the Turkmen Ground Forces}}
The number of vehicles is around 2,000, the number of tanks is around 700 and the number of artillery pieces is around 560.

===Light weapons===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! style="width:9%;"| Photo
! style="width:15%;"| Model
! style="width:15%;"| Type
! style="width:15%;"| Caliber
! style="width:15%;"| Origin
! Notes
|-
! colspan="7" | Infantry small arms
|-
|[[File:9-мм пистолет Макарова с патронами.jpg|130px]]
|[[Makarov PM]]
|[[Semi-automatic pistol]]
|9x18mm Makarov
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:PX4Storm.jpg|130px]]
|[[Beretta Px4 Storm]]<ref>https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=890</ref>
|Semi-automatic pistol
|9x19mm Parabellum
|{{flag|Italy}}
|
|-
|[[File:Fhdf 002.jpg|130px]]
|[[AK-47]]
|[[Assault rifle]]
|7.62x39mm
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:AKM automatkarbin, Ryssland - 7,62x39mm - Armémuseum.jpg|130px]]
|[[AKM]]<br>[[AKMS]]
|Assault rifle
|7.62x39mm
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:Ak74gp35.jpg|130px]]
|[[AK-74]]<br>[[AKS-74]]
|Assault rifle
|5.45x39mm
|{{USSR}}<br>{{RUS}}
|
|-
|[[File:Beretta ARX-160, Interpolitex 2012.jpg|130px]]
|[[Beretta ARX160]]
|Assault rifle
|5.56x45mm NATO
|{{ITA}}
|
|-
|[[File:Dragunovs rt.JPG|130px]]
|[[Dragunov SVD]]
|[[Marksman rifle]]
|7.62x54mmR
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|
|[[RPK]]<br>[[RPK-74]]
|[[Light machine gun]]
|7.62x39mm<br>5.45x39
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:SpB-Museum-artillery-114.jpg|130px]]
|[[PK machine gun]]
|Light machine gun
|7.62x54mmR
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:NSV machine gun-01.jpg|130px]]
|[[NSV machine gun]]
|[[Heavy machine gun]]
|12.7x108mm
|{{USSR}}<br>{{RUS}}
|
|-
|
|[[DShK]]
|[[Heavy machine gun]]
|12.7x108mm
|{{USSR}}<br>{{RUS}}
|
|-
|[[File:12,7-мм пулемет Корд - Интерполитех-2011 01.jpg|130px]]
|[[Kord machine gun]]
|[[Heavy machine gun]]
|12.7x108mm
|{{USSR}}<br>{{RUS}}
|
|-
! colspan="7" | Anti-tank weaponry
|-
|[[File:RPG-7 detached.jpg|130px]]
|[[RPG-7]]
|Anti-tank grenade launcher
|40mm
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:RPG-18-cutaway.JPG|130px]]
|[[RPG-18]]
|Rocket propelled grenade
|64mm
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:RPG-22 at exhibition «Presence».jpg|130px]]
|[[RPG-22]]
|Rocket propelled grenade
|73mm
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:SPG-9M rus.jpeg|130px]]
|[[SPG-9]]
|Recoilless rifle
|73mm
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:Malyutka.JPG|130px]]
|[[9M14 Malyutka]]<ref name="IISS">{{cite book |date= 2018 |title= Military Balance 2018 |publisher= IISS |page=208 |isbn=978-1857439007 }}</ref>
|MLCOS guided missile
|125mm
|{{USSR}}
| Designated AT-3 Sagger by NATO.
|-
|[[File:POLK 9K111 Fagot.jpg|130px]]
|[[9K111 Fagot]]<ref name="IISS" />
|SALCOS guided missile
|120mm
|{{USSR}}
|Designated AT-4 Spigot by NATO.
|-
|[[File:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Russian-Made Missile Found in Hezbollah Hands.jpg|130px]]
|[[9M113 Konkurs]]<ref name="IISS" />
|SALCOS guided missile
|135mm
|{{USSR}}
|Designated AT-5 Spandrel by NATO.
|-
|[[File:POLK 9K115 Metis.jpg|130px]]
|[[9K115 Metis]]<ref name="IISS" />
|SALCOS guided missile
|94mm
|{{USSR}}<br>{{RUS}}
|Designated AT-7 Saxhorn by NATO.
|-
|}

===Combat vehicles===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! style="width:9%;"| Photo
! style="width:15%;"| Model
! style="width:15%;"| Type
! style="width:15%;"| Origin
! style="width:15%;"| Number
! Notes
|-
! colspan="7" | Tanks
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (66).jpg|150px]]
|[[T-90S]]
|[[Main battle tank]]
|{{RUS}}
|10<ref name="IISS" />
|30 on order.<ref>https://www.army-technology.com/news/newsrussia-to-supply-t-90-tanks-to-algeria-turkmenistan/</ref>
|-
|[[File:Russia Arms Expo 2013 (531-07).jpg|150px]]
|[[T-72|T-72UMG]]
|Main battle tank
|{{USSR}}<br>{{UKR}}
|670<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
! colspan="7" | Infantry fighting vehicles
|-
|[[File:BMP-1M «Shkval» in Kyiv.jpg|150px]]
|[[BMP-1]]<br>[[BMP-1|BMP-1M]]
|[[Infantry fighting vehicle]]
|{{USSR}}<br>{{UKR}}
|600<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (1).jpg|150px]]
|[[BMP-2]]
|Infantry fighting vehicle
|{{USSR}}
|430<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:BMP-3 in Russian service (1).jpg|150px]]
|[[BMP-3]]
|Infantry fighting vehicle
|{{RUS}}
|4<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:Bmd-1 ifv.jpg|150px]]
|[[BMD-1]]
|Airborne infantry fighting vehicle
|{{USSR}}
|8<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
! colspan="7" | Armored personnel carriers
|-
|[[File:Lazar 3 30mm - Partner 2019 - 1.jpg|150x150px]]
|[[Lazar 3]]
|[[Armoured personnel carrier|Armored personal carrier]]
|{{Flag|Serbia}}
|24 ?
|About 24 vehicles ordered.
Deliveries will start in 2021.<ref>https://rus.azathabar.com/amp/31167630.html</ref>
|-
|[[File:Бронетраспортер БТР-60.jpg|150px]]
|[[BTR-60]]
|Armored personnel carrier
|{{USSR}}
|120<ref name="IISS" />
|Different versions in service.
|-
|[[File:Мемориал - экспозиция военной техники. Бронетехника.201206261906 IMAG0553.jpg|150px]]
|[[BTR-70]]
|Armored personnel carrier
|{{USSR}}
|300<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (57).jpg|150px]]
|[[BTR-80]]<br>[[BTR-80|BTR-80A]]
|Armored personnel carrier
|{{USSR}}<br>{{RUS}}
|454<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (51).jpg|150px]]
|Bars
|Armored personnel carrier
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|Unknown
|
|-
|[[File:2012 Eurosatory BMC trucks.JPG|150px]]
|[[BMC Kirpi]]
|Infantry mobility vehicle
|{{TUR}}
|28+<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:Paradbaku98.jpg|150px]]
|[[Otokar Cobra]]
|Infantry mobility vehicle
|{{TUR}}
|4+<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:AJBAN 440A - IDET 2017 (1).JPG|150px]]
|[[Nimr|Nimr Ajban 440A]]
|Infantry mobility vehicle
|{{UAE}}
|10<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
! colspan="7" | Anti-tank vehicles
|-
|[[File:9P122 Malyutka 2.JPEG|150px]]
|[[BRDM-2|9P122]]
|ATGM carrier
|{{USSR}}
|8<ref name="IISS" />
|Armed with [[9M14 Malyutka|Malytka-M]] missile.
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (56).jpg|150px]]
|[[BRDM-2|9P133]]
|ATGM carrier
|{{USSR}}
|8<ref name="IISS" />
|Armed with [[9M14 Malyutka]] missile.
|-
|[[File:Romanian 9P148 Konkurs cropped.jpg|150px]]
|[[BRDM-2|9P148]]
|ATGM carrier
|{{USSR}}
|2<ref name="IISS" />
|Armed with [[9M113 Konkurs]] missile.
|-
|[[File:9P149 Shturm-S Tank Destroyer.jpg|150px]]
|[[MT-LB|9P149]]
|ATGM carrier
|{{USSR}}
|36<ref name="IISS" />
|Armed with [[9K114 Shturm]] missile.
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (55).jpg|150px]]
|Karkal
|ATGM carrier
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|4+<ref name="IISS" />
|Armed with [[Shershen|Baryer]] missile.
|-
|}

===Artillery===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! style="width:9%;"| Photo
! style="width:15%;"| Model
! style="width:15%;"| Type
! style="width:15%;"| Origin
! style="width:15%;"| Number
! Notes
|-
! colspan="7" | Rocket artillery
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (77).jpg|150px]]
|[[BM-21]]<br>[[BM-21|9P138]]
|122mm [[multiple rocket launcher]]
|{{USSR}}<br>{{flag|Belarus}}
|88<ref name="IISS" />
|Range: 20–45&nbsp;km
|-
|[[File:RM-70 Vampire 4D.jpg|150px]]
|[[RM-70]]
|122mm multiple rocket launcher
|{{CZE}}
|6<ref name="IISS" />
|Range: 20&nbsp;km
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (79).jpg|150px]]
|[[BM-27]]
|220mm multiple rocket launcher
|{{USSR}}
|60<ref name="IISS" />
|Range: 35–50&nbsp;km
|-
|[[File:RSZO Smertch.jpg|150px]]
|[[BM-30]]
|300mm multiple rocket launcher
|{{RUS}}
|6<ref name="IISS" />
|Range: 90&nbsp;km
|-
|[[File:SCUD 2.JPG|150px]]
|[[Scud]]
|Tactical ballistic missile
|{{USSR}}
|16<ref name="IISS" />
|Range: 180–800&nbsp;km, depends on type.
|-
! colspan="7" | Self-propelled guns
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (72).jpg|150px]]
|[[2S3 Akatsiya]]
|152mm self-propelled howitzer
|{{USSR}}
|16<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (71).jpg|150px]]
|[[2S1 Gvozdika]]
|122mm self-propelled howitzer
|{{USSR}}
|40<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:2S9 Nona in Saint-Petersburg.jpg|150px]]
|[[2S9 Nona]]
|120mm self-propelled mortar
|{{USSR}}
|17<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
! colspan="7" | Towed artillery
|-
|[[File:122- мм гаубица Д-30 (1).jpg|150px]]
|[[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]]
|122mm howitzer
|{{USSR}}
|350<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:M-46 Lutsk.jpg|150px]]
|[[130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)|M-46]]
|130mm field gun
|{{USSR}}
|6<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:D1 howitzer kiev.jpg|150px]]
|[[152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1)|D-1]]
|152mm howitzer
|{{USSR}}
|17<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:Howitzer D-20.jpg|150px]]
|[[152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20)|D-20]]
|152mm howitzer
|{{USSR}}
|72<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:152-мм пушка Гиацинт-Б (1).jpg|150px]]
|[[152 mm gun 2A36|2A36]]
|152mm howitzer
|{{USSR}}
|6<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:ParkPatriot2015part6-58.jpg|150px]]
|[[152 mm howitzer 2A65|2A65]]
|152mm howitzer
|{{USSR}}
|6<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:2009-11-22-seelower-hoehen-by-Ralf-10.jpg|150px]]
|[[M1938 mortar]]
|120mm mortar
|{{USSR}}
|66<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|[[File:2B14 Podnos at "Engineering Technologies 2010" forum.jpg|150px]]
|[[2B14 Podnos]]
|82mm mortar
|{{USSR}}
|31<ref name="IISS" />
|
|-
|}

===Army air defence===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! style="width:9%;"| Photo
! style="width:15%;"| Model
! style="width:15%;"| Type
! style="width:15%;"| Number
! style="width:15%;"| Origin
! Notes
|-
! colspan="7" | MANPADs
|-
|[[File:SA-7.jpg|150px]]
|[[9K32 Strela-2]]<ref name="IISS" />
|[[MANPAD]]
|Unknown
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:SA-14 missile and launch tube.jpg|150px]]
|[[9K34 Strela-3]]<ref name="IISS" />
|MANPAD
|Unknown
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:9K38 Igla in the Belgrade Aviation Museum (cropped).jpg|150px]]
|[[9K38 Igla]]<ref name="IISS" />
|MANPAD
|Unknown
|{{USSR}}<br>{{RUS}}
|
|-
! colspan="7" | Self-propelled SAMs
|-
|[[File:Strela 10.jpg|150px]]
|[[9K35 Strela-10]]
|Mobile [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]]
|13<ref name="IISS" />
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (82).jpg|150px]]
|[[9K33 Osa]]
|Mobile SAM
|40<ref name="IISS" />
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:Independence Day Parade - Flickr - Kerri-Jo (73).jpg|150px]]
|[[2K12 Kub]]<ref name="IISS" />
|Mobile SAM
|4
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|
|[[HQ-7|FM-90]]<ref name="IISS" />
|Mobile SAM
|Unknown
|{{PRC}}
|
|-
! colspan="7" | Anti-air guns
|-
|[[File:Zsu-23-4 shilka.jpg|150px]]
|[[ZSU-23-4]]
|Self-propelled anti-air gun
|48<ref name="IISS" />
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:S-60-57mm-hatzerim-1.jpg|150px]]
|[[AZP S-60]]
|Anti-air gun
|22<ref name="IISS" />
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|[[File:Zu-23-2-belarus.jpg|150px]]
||[[ZU-23-2]]<ref name="IISS" />
|Anti-air gun
|Unknown
|{{USSR}}
|
|-
|}


== Commanders ==
== Commanders ==


* [[Geldymukhammed Ashirmukhammedov]] (1997-2002)<ref>http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/1635</ref>
* [[Geldymukhammed Ashirmukhammedov]] (1997-2002)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/1635|title=GELDYMUKHAMMED ASHIRMUKHAMMEDOV APPOINTED NEW TURKMEN INTERIOR MINISTER &#124; Turkmenistan.ru}}</ref>
* Colonel Mashat Orazgeldyev (2002-24 June 2004)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Главком сухопутных войск Туркмении М.Оразгельдыев опорочил звание офицера|url=https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1088572620|access-date=2020-12-25|website=centrasia.org}}</ref>
* Colonel Mashat Orazgeldyev (2002-24 June 2004)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Главком сухопутных войск Туркмении М.Оразгельдыев опорочил звание офицера|url=https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1088572620|access-date=2020-12-25|website=centrasia.org}}</ref>
* Colonel Bayramgeldy Akummedov (23 June 2007 – 5 November 2009)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Байрамгелды Акуммедов назначен командующим Сухопутными войсками ВС Туркменистана {{!}} Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/18954|access-date=2020-12-25|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref>
* Colonel Bayramgeldy Akummedov (23 June 2007 – 5 November 2009)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Байрамгелды Акуммедов назначен командующим Сухопутными войсками ВС Туркменистана {{!}} Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/18954|access-date=2020-12-25|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref>
* Lieutenant Colonel Batyr Mollayev (5 November 2009-?)<ref>{{Cite web|title=МОЛЛАЕВ Батыр Мередович {{!}} ЦентрАзия|url=https://centrasia.org/person2.php?st=1182848281|access-date=2020-12-25|website=centrasia.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-11-08|title=Президент Туркменистана произвел кадровые назначения в Вооруженных силах|url=https://www.forbes.ru//news/24347-prezident-turkmenistana-proizvel-kadrovye-naznacheniya-v-vooruzhennyh-silah|access-date=2020-12-25|website=Forbes.ru|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Lieutenant Colonel Batyr Mollayev (5 November 2009-?)<ref>{{Cite web|title=МОЛЛАЕВ Батыр Мередович {{!}} ЦентрАзия|url=https://centrasia.org/person2.php?st=1182848281|access-date=2020-12-25|website=centrasia.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-11-08|title=Президент Туркменистана произвел кадровые назначения в Вооруженных силах|url=https://www.forbes.ru//news/24347-prezident-turkmenistana-proizvel-kadrovye-naznacheniya-v-vooruzhennyh-silah|access-date=2020-12-25|website=Forbes.ru|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Lieutenant Colonel Ayazov<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watan Habarlary 10.05.2018 - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6Xg1a5qNXU|access-date=2020-12-27|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> (c. 2017)
*Colonel Rovshen Ayazov<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watan Habarlary 10.05.2018 - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6Xg1a5qNXU|access-date=2020-12-27|website=www.youtube.com| date=10 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/39309/prezident-turkmenistana-prisvoil-ryadu-oficerov-voinskoe-zvanie-polkovnika | title=Президент Туркменистана присвоил ряду офицеров воинское звание полковника &#124; Политика }}</ref> (c. 2017)


== Traditions ==
== Traditions ==


=== Battle Banners ===
=== Battle Banners ===
To receive a battle banner, commanders of military units approach the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, receiving the battle banner from his hands and handing it over to the standard bearer. Then, having unfurled the green battle banners, groups of standard-bearers led by their commanders, chasing a step, pass in front of the line of participants in the current ceremony and take their places.<ref>[http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=5878]</ref> It occurs on holidays such as [[State Flag and Constitution Day (Turkmenistan)|State Flag and Constitution Day]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=turkmenportal|title=Президент Туркменистана вручил знамёна подразделениям Вооружённых Сил Туркменистана {{!}} Политика|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/14511/prezident-turkmenistana-vruchil-znamena-podrazdeleniyam-vooruzhennyh-sil-turkmenistana|access-date=2020-12-29|website=Туркменистан, интернет портал о культурной, деловой и развлекательной жизни в Туркменистане|language=ru}}</ref>
To receive a battle banner, commanders of military units approach the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, receiving the battle banner from his hands and handing it over to the standard bearer. Then, having unfurled the green battle banners, groups of standard-bearers led by their commanders, chasing a step, pass in front of the line of participants in the current ceremony and take their places.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=5878 | title=Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr }}</ref> It occurs on holidays such as [[State Flag and Constitution Day (Turkmenistan)|State Flag and Constitution Day]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=turkmenportal|title=Президент Туркменистана вручил знамёна подразделениям Вооружённых Сил Туркменистана {{!}} Политика|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/14511/prezident-turkmenistana-vruchil-znamena-podrazdeleniyam-vooruzhennyh-sil-turkmenistana|access-date=2020-12-29|website=Туркменистан, интернет портал о культурной, деловой и развлекательной жизни в Туркменистане|language=ru}}</ref>


=== Cavalry ===
=== Cavalry ===
Line 676: Line 148:


=== Ranks ===
=== Ranks ===
In 2003, President Niyazov called for the strengthening Army in accordance with national traditions. Speaking at the Defence Ministry, he said that the Turkmen "esger" (warrior) carries more respect that just “soldier”.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Niyazov called for strengthening Army following national traditions {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/2254|access-date=2020-12-20|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref> As a result, he reverted the ranks to traditional names and structure:
In 2003, President Niyazov called for the strengthening of the Ground Forces in accordance with national traditions. Speaking at the Defence Ministry, he said that the Turkmen "esger" (warrior) carries more respect that just “soldier”.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Niyazov called for strengthening Army following national traditions {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/node/2254|access-date=2020-12-20|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}</ref> As a result, he reverted the ranks to traditional names and structure:


* Esger - warrior
* Esger - warrior
Line 686: Line 158:
The rank of a marshal was also reintroduced.<ref name=":0">Игорь Елков, Вся постсоветская рать: Какая из бывших советских республик всех сильнее, ''Российская газета'' - Неделя №3893 от 7 октября 2005 г.[http://www.rg.ru/2005/10/07/sng-armii.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129133037/http://www.rg.ru/2005/10/07/sng-armii.html|date=29 November 2009}}</ref> These ranks were all reverted to their more [[russified]] predecessors after his death in 2006.
The rank of a marshal was also reintroduced.<ref name=":0">Игорь Елков, Вся постсоветская рать: Какая из бывших советских республик всех сильнее, ''Российская газета'' - Неделя №3893 от 7 октября 2005 г.[http://www.rg.ru/2005/10/07/sng-armii.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129133037/http://www.rg.ru/2005/10/07/sng-armii.html|date=29 November 2009}}</ref> These ranks were all reverted to their more [[russified]] predecessors after his death in 2006.


== Conscripts ==
==Personnel==
=== Conscripts ===
Service in the army is required for all males under 27 years of age.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-03|title=Spring conscription into the army for two-year service came to the end in Turkmenistan|url=https://orient.tm/en/spring-conscription-into-the-army-for-two-year-service-came-to-the-end-in-turkmenistan/|access-date=2020-12-19|website=ORIENT: NEWS AGENCY|language=en-US}}</ref> Only some of the conscript's time in the military is occupied with military service, the rest being occupied with "labour" (half a day) and "self-improvement" (2–3 hours a day) by reciting traditional Turkoman texts, learning songs and playing music.<ref name=":0" /> Minister of Defence [[Dangatar Kopekov]] stated in 1992 that legislation was drafted to where draft dodgers would face "very severe measures, including criminal responsibility". Despite this, desertion is rampant, and was at a 20% rate in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Country report and updates:|url=https://wri-irg.org/en/programmes/world_survey/country_report/de/Turkmenistan|access-date=2020-12-19|website=War Resisters' International|language=en}}</ref> In August 2020, a Turkmen court sentenced [[Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witness]] siblings to two years in prison for conscientious objection to military service.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two years in prison for two Jehovah’s Witnesses objecting to military service {{!}} IIRF|url=https://www.iirf.eu/news/other-news/two-years-in-prison-for-two-jehovahs-witnesses-objecting-to-military-service/|access-date=2020-12-19|website=www.iirf.eu}}</ref>
Service in the army is required for all males under 27 years of age.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-03|title=Spring conscription into the army for two-year service came to the end in Turkmenistan|url=https://orient.tm/en/spring-conscription-into-the-army-for-two-year-service-came-to-the-end-in-turkmenistan/|access-date=2020-12-19|website=ORIENT: NEWS AGENCY|language=en-US}}</ref> Only some of the conscript's time in the military is occupied with military service, the rest being occupied with "labour" (half a day) and "self-improvement" (2–3 hours a day) by reciting traditional Turkoman texts, learning songs and playing music.<ref name=":0" /> Minister of Defence [[Dangatar Kopekov]] stated in 1992 that legislation was drafted to where draft dodgers would face "very severe measures, including criminal responsibility". Despite this, desertion is rampant, and was at a 20% rate in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Country report and updates|url=https://wri-irg.org/en/programmes/world_survey/country_report/de/Turkmenistan|access-date=2020-12-19|website=War Resisters' International|language=en}}</ref> In August 2020, a Turkmen court sentenced [[Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witness]] siblings to two years in prison for conscientious objection to military service.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two years in prison for two Jehovah's Witnesses objecting to military service {{!}} IIRF|url=https://www.iirf.eu/news/other-news/two-years-in-prison-for-two-jehovahs-witnesses-objecting-to-military-service/|access-date=2020-12-19|website=www.iirf.eu}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Latest revision as of 06:18, 9 November 2024

Turkmen Ground Forces
Türkmenistanyň gury ýer güýçleri / Түркменстаның гуры ер гүйчлери
Turkmen infantry
Founded1992
Country Turkmenistan
TypeArmy
RoleGround warfare
Size42,758 troops
Part ofArmed Forces of Turkmenistan
HeadquartersAshgabat
Colors  Green
Anniversaries27 January
Commanders
Supreme Commander-in-chiefSerdar Berdimuhamedow
Commander of the Turkmen Ground ForcesColonel Rovshen Ayazov
Commander of the Turkmen Air ForceColonel Ali Muhammetow
Insignia
Flag
An armored vehicle during a parade in 2011

The Turkmen Ground Forces (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň gury ýer güýçleri) is the army branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. The ground forces include the 2nd, 3rd, 11th, and 22nd Motor Rifle Divisions as well as smaller units consisting of various types of troops.

History

[edit]

The basis of the present-day Turkmen Ground Forces are several rifle divisions from the Turkestan Military District (based in neighboring Uzbekistan) of the Soviet Armed Forces. Of these units, the 36th Army Corps was stationed in the Turkmen SSR.[1] More than 50,000 former Soviet Army personnel were either withdrawn or fired following the creation of the national defence ministry. This was more than half the Soviet troops who operated in the Turkmen SSR at the end of 1991. The interim army commanders in the first half of the 1990s included Major General Viktor Zavarzin and Lieutenant General Nikolai Kormiltsev (chief of staff and commander of the Separate Combined-Arms Army of Turkmenistan respectively). By 1993, the ground forces operated 200 military units, 70 of which were under joint Turkmen-Russian jurisdictions. The ground forces had been reduced to about 11,000 by 1996, which was organized into a singular army corps.[2] The army has celebrated 27 January as Defender of the Fatherland Day since 2009.[3]

Structure

[edit]
Anti-aircraft units

Units of the Ground Forces are located in each of the five military districts:[4][5] Ahal Military District, Balkan Military District, Dashoguz Military District, Lebap Military District, Mary Military District. Direct operational control of the ground forces is carried out by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan.

In late 2017, the International Institute for Strategic Studies listed the Ground Forces with a special forces regiment; a tank brigade, reportedly the 14th; the 3rd Motor Rifle Division, of a tank regiment, three motor rifle regiments, and an artillery regiment; the 22nd Motor Rifle Division "Atamyrat Niyazov" with one tank regiment, one motor rifle regiment, and an artillery regiment; four motor rifle brigades; a naval infantry brigade, and the 2nd Training Motor Rifle Division "Alp Arslan".[6] The IISS also listed smaller formations: a Scud brigade with SS-1 Scud; an artillery brigade; a mixed artillery/anti-tank regiment; a multiple rocket launcher brigade; an anti-tank regiment; an engineer regiment; and two surface-to-air missile brigades.

An undated list of Ground Forces units included the following:[7][8][5]

Turkmen Captain Ali Tuvakklychev with his Azeri counterpart during the exercise Combined Endeavor 2007 in Germany.

Facilities

[edit]

Equipment

[edit]
Main article: List of equipment of the Turkmen Ground Forces

Commanders

[edit]

Traditions

[edit]

Battle Banners

[edit]

To receive a battle banner, commanders of military units approach the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, receiving the battle banner from his hands and handing it over to the standard bearer. Then, having unfurled the green battle banners, groups of standard-bearers led by their commanders, chasing a step, pass in front of the line of participants in the current ceremony and take their places.[22] It occurs on holidays such as State Flag and Constitution Day.[23]

Cavalry

[edit]
Mounted army cavalry in Ashgabat.

In October 2012, special cavalry units were ordered to be established in the ground forces.[24] That same year, the Equestrian Complex of the Ministry of Defense was opened.[25]

Ranks

[edit]

In 2003, President Niyazov called for the strengthening of the Ground Forces in accordance with national traditions. Speaking at the Defence Ministry, he said that the Turkmen "esger" (warrior) carries more respect that just “soldier”.[26] As a result, he reverted the ranks to traditional names and structure:

  • Esger - warrior
  • Onbashi - leader of 10 (section leader)
  • Yuzbashi - leader of 100 (junior officer)
  • Munbashi - leader of 1000 (senior officer)
  • Goshunbashi - Army commander

The rank of a marshal was also reintroduced.[27] These ranks were all reverted to their more russified predecessors after his death in 2006.

Personnel

[edit]

Conscripts

[edit]

Service in the army is required for all males under 27 years of age.[28] Only some of the conscript's time in the military is occupied with military service, the rest being occupied with "labour" (half a day) and "self-improvement" (2–3 hours a day) by reciting traditional Turkoman texts, learning songs and playing music.[27] Minister of Defence Dangatar Kopekov stated in 1992 that legislation was drafted to where draft dodgers would face "very severe measures, including criminal responsibility". Despite this, desertion is rampant, and was at a 20% rate in 1994.[29] In August 2020, a Turkmen court sentenced Jehovah's Witness siblings to two years in prison for conscientious objection to military service.[30]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Захаров 2011, p. 59.
  2. ^ Hays, Jeffrey. "MILITARY OF TURKMENISTAN | Facts and Details". factsanddetails.com. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  3. ^ "Turkmenistan marks Day of Homeland Defenders for the first time | Turkmenistan.ru". www.turkmenistan.ru. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  4. ^ "Военный баланс в Центральной Азии".
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Ашхабада в войсках артиллерии после. Армии мира".
  6. ^ Military Balance 2017, p226
  7. ^ "TURKMEN ARMY UNITS NAMED AFTER PROMINENT GENERALS | Turkmenistan.ru".
  8. ^ "Л.Кияшко: Национальная армия Туркменистана - гарант мира и безопасности". centrasia.org. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  9. ^ "ДВА ГЕНЕРАЛ-МАЙОРА РАЗЖАЛОВАНЫ В ТУРКМЕНИИ ЗА НАРУШЕНИЯ И ПРОСТУПКИ | Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru".
  10. ^ "НОВОСТИ на REDSTARe".
  11. ^ "Turkmen army demonstrates military skills to Turkmen president | Turkmenistan.ru".
  12. ^ "Turkmenistan conducts comprehensive military-tactical exercises | Turkmenistan.ru". www.turkmenistan.ru. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  13. ^ "Annual military exercise Galkan - 2007 held in Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan.ru". www.turkmenistan.ru. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  14. ^ "Turkmenistan holds military-tactical exercise "Galkan-2011" | Turkmenistan.ru". www.turkmenistan.ru. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  15. ^ "GELDYMUKHAMMED ASHIRMUKHAMMEDOV APPOINTED NEW TURKMEN INTERIOR MINISTER | Turkmenistan.ru".
  16. ^ "Главком сухопутных войск Туркмении М.Оразгельдыев опорочил звание офицера". centrasia.org. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  17. ^ "Байрамгелды Акуммедов назначен командующим Сухопутными войсками ВС Туркменистана | Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru". www.turkmenistan.ru. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  18. ^ "МОЛЛАЕВ Батыр Мередович | ЦентрАзия". centrasia.org. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  19. ^ "Президент Туркменистана произвел кадровые назначения в Вооруженных силах". Forbes.ru. 2009-11-08. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  20. ^ "Watan Habarlary 10.05.2018 - YouTube". www.youtube.com. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
  21. ^ "Президент Туркменистана присвоил ряду офицеров воинское звание полковника | Политика".
  22. ^ "Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr".
  23. ^ turkmenportal. "Президент Туркменистана вручил знамёна подразделениям Вооружённых Сил Туркменистана | Политика". Туркменистан, интернет портал о культурной, деловой и развлекательной жизни в Туркменистане (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-12-29.
  24. ^ "Special cavalry units to be established in military and law enforcement agencies of Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan.ru". www.turkmenistan.ru. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  25. ^ goşun, Milli. "Watan goragçysynyň syrdaşy". Milli goşun (in Turkmen). Retrieved 2020-12-27.
  26. ^ "Niyazov called for strengthening Army following national traditions | Turkmenistan.ru". www.turkmenistan.ru. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  27. ^ a b Игорь Елков, Вся постсоветская рать: Какая из бывших советских республик всех сильнее, Российская газета - Неделя №3893 от 7 октября 2005 г.[1] Archived 29 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ "Spring conscription into the army for two-year service came to the end in Turkmenistan". ORIENT: NEWS AGENCY. 2019-07-03. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
  29. ^ "Country report and updates". War Resisters' International. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
  30. ^ "Two years in prison for two Jehovah's Witnesses objecting to military service | IIRF". www.iirf.eu. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
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