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{{Short description|Russian Orthodox bishop}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2022}}
[[File:Леонид Горбачев митрополит-20220107-VAR09112-обр.jpg|thumb|Leonid Gorbachov]]


⚫
'''Metropolitan Leonid''' (secular name '''Leonid Eduardovich Gorbachov''', {{langx|ru|Леонид Эдуардович Горбачёв}}; born 26 October 1968, Stavropol) is a retired [[Bishop in the Eastern Orthodox Church|bishop]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. He holds the title "[[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] of [[Klin, Klinsky District, Moscow Oblast|Klin]]". Former [[Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa|Patriarchal Exarch of Africa]] (2021-2023).
[[File:Archbishop Leonid.jpg|thumb]]
⚫
'''Metropolitan Leonid''' (secular name '''Leonid Eduardovich Gorbachov''', {{lang-ru|Леонид Эдуардович Горбачёв}}; 26 October 1968, Stavropol) is a bishop of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. He holds the title "Metropolitan of Klin,{{Where|date=January 2022}} [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'|Patriarchal]] [[Exarch]] of [[Africa]]".


== Biography ==
== Biography ==

=== Early life ===
=== Early life ===
He was worn on 26 Octobe, 1968, in [[Stavropol]]. Since 1970, his family lived in [[Krasnodar]]. He graduated from high school in 1985. In 1985–1986, he was a laboratory assistant. In the same years, he was the [[Sexton (office)|sexton]] of St. George's Church in [[Krasnodar]]. In 1986-1988 he served in the [[Soviet Armed Forces|Armed Forces of the USSR]].<ref name="patriarchia_bio">[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3010995.html Леонид, митрополит Клинский (Горбачев Леонид Эдуардович)]</ref>
He was born on 26 October 1968, in [[Stavropol]]. Since 1970, his family lived in [[Krasnodar]]. He graduated from high school in 1985. In 1985–1986, he was a laboratory assistant. During those same years, he was the [[Sexton (office)|sexton]] of St. George's Church in [[Krasnodar]]. In 1986-1988 he served in the [[Soviet Armed Forces|Armed Forces of the USSR]].<ref name="patriarchia_bio">[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3010995.html Леонид, митрополит Клинский (Горбачев Леонид Эдуардович)]</ref>


In 1988–1989, he was a reader-singer of St. George's Church in Krasnodar and subdeacon of Bishop [[Isidore (Kirichenko)]] of Krasnodar and [[Kuban]]. In 1989-1992 he studied at the [[Leningrad Theological Seminary]].<ref name="patriarchia_bio" />
In 1988–1989, he was a reader-singer of St. George's Church in [[Krasnodar]] and subdeacon of Bishop [[Isidore (Kirichenko)]] of Krasnodar and [[Kuban]]. In 1989-1992 he studied at the [[Saint Petersburg Theological Academy|Leningrad Theological Seminary]].<ref name="patriarchia_bio" />


=== Clergyman ===
=== Deacon and priest ===
On 8 April 1990, he was [[ordained]] a [[deacon]]. On June 18, 1990, he was [[tonsured]] a [[monk]], and on 8 October 1990, he was ordained a [[hieromonk]]. In 1990-1997 he was a full-time cleric of St. Catherine Cathedral in Krasnodar. In 1995-1997 he was the [[sacristan]] of same cathedral.<ref name="patriarchia_bio" />
On 8 April 1990, he was [[ordained]] a [[deacon]]. On June 18, 1990, he was [[tonsured]] a [[monk]], and on 8 October 1990, he was ordained a [[hieromonk]]. In 1990-1997 he was a full-time cleric of St. Catherine Cathedral in Krasnodar. In 1995-1997 he was the [[sacristan]] of same cathedral.<ref name="patriarchia_bio" />


Since 1997, he has been an employee within the [[Moscow Patriarchate]] of the Synodal Department for Interaction with the Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies (in [[Moscow]]).<ref name="patriarchia_bio" />
Since 1997, he has been an employee within the [[Moscow Patriarchate]] of the Synodal Department for Relations with the Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies (in [[Moscow]]).<ref name="patriarchia_bio" />


From March to September 1998, he was on a business trip as part of the Russian separate airborne brigade of the contingent of the [[United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina]],<ref name="patriarchia_bio" /> where, as he later recalled, he had to face "unprecedented blatant injustice against this Eastern Orthodox country as a whole ".<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3037690.html Слово архимандрита Леонида (Горбачёва) при наречении во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского]</ref>
From March to September 1998, he was on a business trip as part of the Russian separate airborne brigade of the contingent of the [[United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina]],<ref name="patriarchia_bio" /> where, as he later recalled, he had to face "unprecedented blatant injustice against an Eastern Orthodox people".<ref>{{cite web |title=Слово архимандрита Леонида (Горбачева) при наречении во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского / Проповеди / Патриархия.ru |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3037690.html |website=Патриархия.ru |publisher=2013-06-11 |language=ru}}</ref>


From October 1998 to September 2002, he studied at the Theological Department of the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]], was a minor cleric of the [[Church of Saint Panteleimon of Acharnai|Russian lower Church of the Great Martyr Panteleimon]] in [[Agios Panteleimonas, Athens|Agios Pandeleimonas]] in Athens, Greece.<ref name="patriarchia_bio" />
From October 1998 to September 2002, he studied at the Theological Department of the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]], was a minor cleric of the [[Church of Saint Panteleimon of Acharnai|Russian lower Church of the Great Martyr Panteleimon]] in [[Agios Panteleimonas, Athens|Agios Pandeleimonas]] in Athens, Greece.<ref name="patriarchia_bio" />
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On December 24, 2004, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was dismissed from the post of a member of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem and he was appointed rector of the Metochion of the Russian Orthodox Church in [[Alexandria]] and the Church of Demetrius of Thessaloniki in Cairo, Representative of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia to the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 24 декабря 2004 года / Официальные документы / Патриархия.ru |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/1470090.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=2005-04-18}}</ref>
On December 24, 2004, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was dismissed from the post of a member of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem and he was appointed rector of the Metochion of the Russian Orthodox Church in [[Alexandria]] and the Church of Demetrius of Thessaloniki in Cairo, Representative of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia to the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 24 декабря 2004 года / Официальные документы / Патриархия.ru |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/1470090.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=2005-04-18}}</ref>


On 25–29 September 2007, as part of the delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, he attended the celebrations dedicated to the 2000th anniversary of the Birth of Christ according to the [[Ethiopian calendar]].<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/302165.html Делегация Русской Православной Церкви приняла участие в торжествах по случаю празднования 2000-летия от Рождества Христова по эфиопскому календарю]</ref>
On 25–29 September 2007, as part of the delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, he attended the celebrations dedicated to the 2000th anniversary of the Birth of Christ according to the [[Ethiopian calendar]].<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/302165.html Делегация Русской Православной Церкви приняла участие в торжествах по случаю празднования 2000-летия от Рождества Христова по эфиопскому календарю]</ref>


In June 2009, he attended the meeting of [[Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria]] and President of the Russian Federation [[Dmitry Medvedev]] in Cairo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161103220721/http://www.rusmissionafrica.com/hram-istoriya-sovremennost/vizit-prezidenta-rossiyskoy-federacii-damedvedeva-v-arabskuyu-respubliku Визит Президента Российской Федерации Д. А. Медведева в Арабскую Республику Египет 23—24 июня 2009 года]</ref>
In June 2009, he attended the meeting of [[Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria]] and President of the Russian Federation [[Dmitry Medvedev]] in Cairo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161103220721/http://www.rusmissionafrica.com/hram-istoriya-sovremennost/vizit-prezidenta-rossiyskoy-federacii-damedvedeva-v-arabskuyu-respubliku Визит Президента Российской Федерации Д. А. Медведева в Арабскую Республику Египет 23—24 июня 2009 года]</ref>
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On 11 April 2010, at the [[metochion]] of the Russian Orthodox Church in [[Cairo]], [[Patriarch Kirill of Moscow]], during his visit to the Patriarchate of Alexandria, elevated him to the rank of [[Archimandrite]].<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/1135617.html Святейший Патриарх Кирилл совершил молебен на подворье Русской Православной Церкви в Каире]</ref><ref name="Визит2010">[http://www.rusmissionafrica.com/hram-istoriya-sovremennost/vizit-svyateyshego-patriarha-moskovskogo-i-vseya-rusi-kirilla-v Визит Святейшего Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла в Александрийскую Православную Церковь 10—12 апреля 2010 года]</ref>
On 11 April 2010, at the [[metochion]] of the Russian Orthodox Church in [[Cairo]], [[Patriarch Kirill of Moscow]], during his visit to the Patriarchate of Alexandria, elevated him to the rank of [[Archimandrite]].<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/1135617.html Святейший Патриарх Кирилл совершил молебен на подворье Русской Православной Церкви в Каире]</ref><ref name="Визит2010">[http://www.rusmissionafrica.com/hram-istoriya-sovremennost/vizit-svyateyshego-patriarha-moskovskogo-i-vseya-rusi-kirilla-v Визит Святейшего Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла в Александрийскую Православную Церковь 10—12 апреля 2010 года]</ref>


==== Bishop ====
=== Bishop ===
On 29 May 2013, the Holy Synod of the ROC elected him Bishop of Argentina and South America.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3005123.html Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 29 мая 2013 года.] Журнал № 40.</ref>
On 29 May 2013, the Holy Synod of the ROC elected him Bishop of Argentina and South America.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3005123.html Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 29 мая 2013 года.] Журнал № 40.</ref>


On 11 June 2013, at the patriarchal and synodal residence of the Danilov Monastery, he was nominated as bishop.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3037603.html Святейший Патриарх Кирилл возглавил наречение архимандрита Сергия (Булатникова) во епископа Клинцовского и Трубчевского, Леонида (Горбачёва) во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского и архимандрита Игнатия (Тарасова) во епископа Костомукшского и Кемского].</ref>
On 11 June 2013, at the patriarchal and synodal residence of the [[Danilov Monastery]], he was nominated as bishop.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3037603.html Святейший Патриарх Кирилл возглавил наречение архимандрита Сергия (Булатникова) во епископа Клинцовского и Трубчевского, Леонида (Горбачёва) во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского и архимандрита Игнатия (Тарасова) во епископа Костомукшского и Кемского].</ref>


On 17 June 2013, in the Church of St. Igor of Chernigov in Peredelkino, he was consecrated Bishop of Argentina and South America. The consecration was performed by Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, Metropolitan [[Barsanuphius (Sudakov)]] of Saransk and Mordovia, Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Alfeyev)]] of Volokolamsk, Archbishop [[Arsenius (Epifanov)]] of Istra, Archbishop [[Mark (Golovkov)]] of Yegoryevsk, Bishop [[Sergius (Chashin)]] of Solnechnogorsk, Bishop [[Tikhon (Zaitsev)]] of Podolsk.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3050171.html Предстоятель Русской Церкви совершил Литургию в храме святого князя Игоря Черниговского в подмосковном Переделкине и возглавил хиротонию архимандрита Леонида (Горбачёва) во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского]</ref>
On 17 June 2013, in the Church of St. Igor of Chernigov in Peredelkino, he was consecrated Bishop of Argentina and South America. The consecration was performed by Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, Metropolitan [[Barsanuphius Sudakov|Barsanuphius (Sudakov)]] of Saransk and Mordovia, Metropolitan [[Hilarion Alfeyev|Hilarion (Alfeyev)]] of Volokolamsk, Archbishop [[Arsenius (Yepifanov)]] of Istra, Archbishop [[Mark Golovkov|Mark (Golovkov)]] of Yegoryevsk, Bishop [[Sergius (Chashin)]] of Solnechnogorsk, Bishop [[Tikhon (Zaitsev)]] of Podolsk.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3050171.html Предстоятель Русской Церкви совершил Литургию в храме святого князя Игоря Черниговского в подмосковном Переделкине и возглавил хиротонию архимандрита Леонида (Горбачёва) во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского]</ref>


On 16 July 2013, he was dismissed from the post of representative of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia to the [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa]].<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3102896.html Журналы заседания Синода от 16 июля 2013. Журнал № 93]</ref> In August of the same year, he handed over the affairs at the [[farmstead]] in Cairo to priest Viktor Kulaga, and left for South America.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Ирина Якушева, Епископ Аргентинский Леонид (Горбачев) |title=Епископ Леонид (Горбачев): Египет находится на пороге гражданской войны |url=http://www.pravmir.ru/episkop-leonid-gorbachev-egipet-naxoditsya-na-poroge-grazhdanskoj-vojny/ |website=www.pravmir.ru |language=ru-RU |date=2013-08-16}}</ref>
On 16 July 2013, he was dismissed from the post of representative of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia to the [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa]].<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3102896.html Журналы заседания Синода от 16 июля 2013. Журнал № 93]</ref> In August of the same year, he handed over the affairs at the [[metochion]] in Cairo to priest Viktor Kulaga, and left for South America.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Ирина Якушева, Епископ Аргентинский Леонид (Горбачев) |title=Епископ Леонид (Горбачев): Египет находится на пороге гражданской войны |url=http://www.pravmir.ru/episkop-leonid-gorbachev-egipet-naxoditsya-na-poroge-grazhdanskoj-vojny/ |website=www.pravmir.ru |language=ru-RU |date=2013-08-16}}</ref>


He visited all twenty countries of the diocese entrusted to him. The diocese itself was experiencing growth at that time, but faced serious difficulties: a shortage of clergy, lack of legal registration of parishes, chronic lack of funds, the presence of ROCOR parishes that did not adopt the 2007 [[Act of Canonical Communion]]. At the same time, there were very few Russian enterprises and wealthy compatriots able to provide charitable assistance in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Паласио |first1=Мигель |title=Храм-посольство и "Отче наш" по-индейски |url=http://e-vestnik.ru/analytics/pravoslavie_v_latinskoy_amerike_9476/ |website=e-vestnik.ru |ref=22 march 2016 |language=ru}}</ref>
He visited all twenty countries of the diocese entrusted to him. The diocese itself was experiencing growth at that time, but faced serious difficulties: a shortage of clergy, lack of legal registration of parishes, chronic lack of funds, the presence of ROCOR parishes that did not adopt the 2007 [[Act of Canonical Communion]]. At the same time, there were very few Russian enterprises and wealthy compatriots able to provide charitable assistance in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Паласио |first1=Мигель |title=Храм-посольство и "Отче наш" по-индейски |url=http://e-vestnik.ru/analytics/pravoslavie_v_latinskoy_amerike_9476/ |website=e-vestnik.ru |date=22 March 2016 |language=ru}}</ref>


On 3 June 2016, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed Bishop of [[Vladikavkaz]] and [[Alania]].<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4486294.html Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 3 июня 2016 года]</ref>
On 3 June 2016, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed Bishop of [[Vladikavkaz]] and [[Alania]].<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4486294.html Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 3 июня 2016 года]</ref>
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In October 2016, the Vladikavkaz Theological College ceased its activities due to the fact that it had not organized a full-fledged educational process that meets the modern requirements of the education system, which was required by the ongoing reform of the theological schools of the Russian Orthodox Church. At the same time, in the same autumn, an agreement was reached between the Vladikavkaz Diocese and the [[North Ossetian State University]] to open a theological department at this university.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4971905.html Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 29 июля 2017 года.] Патриархия.ru.</ref>
In October 2016, the Vladikavkaz Theological College ceased its activities due to the fact that it had not organized a full-fledged educational process that meets the modern requirements of the education system, which was required by the ongoing reform of the theological schools of the Russian Orthodox Church. At the same time, in the same autumn, an agreement was reached between the Vladikavkaz Diocese and the [[North Ossetian State University]] to open a theological department at this university.<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4971905.html Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 29 июля 2017 года.] Патриархия.ru.</ref>


On 27 December 2016, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was appointed administrator of the [[Patriarchal Parishes in Armenia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 27 декабря 2016 года |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4726691.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=27.12.2016}}</ref> On February 15, 2017, he met with Catholicos [[Karekin II]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Управляющий приходами Русской Православной Церкви в Армении епископ Владикавказский Леонид встретился с Католикосом всех армян Гарегином II |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4805895.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=2017-02-17}}</ref>
On 27 December 2016, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was appointed administrator of the [[Patriarchal Parishes in Armenia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 27 декабря 2016 года |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4726691.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=27 December 2016}}</ref> On February 15, 2017, he met with Catholicos [[Karekin II]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Управляющий приходами Русской Православной Церкви в Армении епископ Владикавказский Леонид встретился с Католикосом всех армян Гарегином II |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4805895.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=2017-02-17}}</ref>


On 4 December 2017, in accordance with the new regulations on awards, [[Patriarch Kirill]] of Moscow and All Russia was elevated to the rank of [[archbishop]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Блаженнейший Патриарх Александрийский и всей Африки Феодор II возглавил торжественное богослужение в Храме Христа Спасителя в день 100-летия интронизации святителя Тихона, Патриарха Московского |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5077693.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=2017-12-04}}</ref>
On 4 December 2017, in accordance with the new regulations on awards, [[Patriarch Kirill]] of Moscow and All Russia was elevated to the rank of [[archbishop]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Блаженнейший Патриарх Александрийский и всей Африки Феодор II возглавил торжественное богослужение в Храме Христа Спасителя в день 100-летия интронизации святителя Тихона, Патриарха Московского |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5077693.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=2017-12-04}}</ref>


On 17 October 2019, at an extraordinary meeting of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed deputy chairman of the Department for External Church Relations while retaining the position of the ruling bishop of the Vladikavkaz diocese.<ref>{{cite web |title=ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 17 октября 2019 года |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5514925.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=17.10.2019}}</ref>
On 17 October 2019, at an extraordinary meeting of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed deputy chairman of the [[Department for External Church Relations]] while retaining the position of the ruling bishop of the Vladikavkaz diocese.<ref>{{cite web |title=ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 17 октября 2019 года |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5514925.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=17 October 2019}}</ref>


29 October 2019, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed co-chairman of the working group on the coordination of bilateral relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the [[Malankara Church]].<ref>http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5520929.html</ref>
29 October 2019, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed co-chairman of the working group on the coordination of bilateral relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the [[Malankara Church]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5520929.html|title = ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 29 октября 2019 года / Официальные документы / Патриархия.ru}}</ref>


On 11 March 2020, by the decision of the Holy Synod of he was appointed co-chairman of the Commission on Dialogue between the Russian Orthodox Church and the [[Ethiopian Church]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 11 марта 2020 года |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5605040.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=2020-03-11}}</ref>
On 11 March 2020, by the decision of the Holy Synod of he was appointed co-chairman of the Commission on Dialogue between the Russian Orthodox Church and the [[Ethiopian Church]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 11 марта 2020 года |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5605040.html |website=Патриархия.ru |language=ru |date=2020-03-11}}</ref>


On 24 September 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was released from the administration of the Vladikavkaz diocese and the post of the archimandrite of the Alan Assumption Monastery with an expression of gratitude for the labors incurred; he was appointed vicar of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia with the title "of Klin", with a stay in Moscow. In addition, in view of the "numerous appeals of the clergy of the Orthodox Church of Alexandria to His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia with a request to accept them under the omophorion of the Moscow Patriarchate," he was instructed to "submit proposals to the Holy Synod after a thorough study of the received appeals".<ref>{{cite web|title=Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 23—24 сентября 2021 года |url= http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5837973.html |publisher= Московская патриархия|date=24.09.2021|quote=Журнал № 61}}</ref>
On 24 September 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was released from the administration of the Vladikavkaz diocese and the post of the archimandrite of the Alan Assumption Monastery with an expression of gratitude for the labors incurred; he was appointed vicar of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia with the title "of Klin", with a stay in Moscow. In addition, in view of the "numerous appeals of the clergy of the Orthodox Church of Alexandria to His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia with a request to accept them under the omophorion of the Moscow Patriarchate," he was instructed to "submit proposals to the Holy Synod after a thorough study of the received appeals".<ref>{{cite web|title=Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 23—24 сентября 2021 года |url= http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5837973.html |publisher= Московская патриархия|date=24 September 2021|quote=Журнал № 61}}</ref>


On 15 October 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod of he ROC, in connection with the formation of the Yerevan and Armenia Diocese, he was appointed its administrator, while retaining the post of deputy chairman of the Department for External Church Relations.<ref>{{Cite web |language=ru |url= http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5853045.html |title=Журналы Священного Синода от 15 октября 2021 года |website=Патриархия.ru|date=2021-10-15}}</ref>
On 15 October 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod of he ROC, in connection with the formation of the [[Diocese of Yerevan and Armenia]], he was appointed its administrator, while retaining the post of deputy chairman of the Department for External Church Relations.<ref>{{Cite web |language=ru |url= http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5853045.html |title=Журналы Священного Синода от 15 октября 2021 года |website=Патриархия.ru|date=2021-10-15}}</ref>


On 29 December 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod, he was appointed Patriarchal Exarch of Africa with the assignment of the administration of the North African Diocese and the interim administration of the South African Diocese and the dismissal of the deputy chairman of the DECR and the preservation of the interim administration of the Yerevan-Armenian Diocese.<ref>{{cite web |title= Журналы Священного Синода от 29 декабря 2021 года. Журнал № 100 |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5877047.html |website= Патриархия.ru |date= 2021-12-29 |language=ru}}</ref>
On 29 December 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod, he was appointed [[Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa|Patriarchal Exarch of Africa]] with the assignment of the administration of the North African Diocese and the interim administration of the South African Diocese and the dismissal of the deputy chairman of the DECR and the preservation of the interim administration of the Yerevan-Armenian Diocese.<ref>{{cite web |title= Журналы Священного Синода от 29 декабря 2021 года. Журнал № 100 |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5877047.html |website= Патриархия.ru |date= 2021-12-29 |language=ru}}</ref>


On 7 January 2022, in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia elevated him to the rank of [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=В праздник Рождества Христова Предстоятель Русской Церкви совершил великую вечерню в Храме Христа Спасителя |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5880576.html|website=Патриархия.ru|date=2022-01-07 |language=ru }}</ref>
On 7 January 2022, in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia elevated him to the rank of [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=В праздник Рождества Христова Предстоятель Русской Церкви совершил великую вечерню в Храме Христа Спасителя |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5880576.html|website=Патриархия.ru|date=2022-01-07 |language=ru }}</ref>

On 22 November 2022, Leonid was defrocked by the Holy Synod of the [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria|Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa]] for "… a series of canonical offenses", such as "inheritance in the jurisdiction of the Church’s pontificate, distribution of the holy myrrh, enticing local clergy and, propagating ethno-tribalism, or ethno-phyletism".<ref>{{cite web |title=Stern decisions by Holy Synod of Patriarchate of Alexandria & All Africa against 'intrusion' by Moscow Patriarchate |url=https://www.orthodoxianewsagency.gr/foreignnews/stern-decisions-by-holy-synod-of-patriarchate-of-alexandria-all-africa-against-intrusion-by-moscow-patriarchate/}}</ref> Metropolitan Leonid stated that this decision is "canonically insignificant" and will have absolutely no effect on his ministry: "Only the Church in which I serve can deprive me of my dignity. ...it's like if the President of Russia by his decree dismissed the Minister of Defense of Great Britain".<ref>{{cite web |title=Митрополит Клинский Леонид. Любые вердикты Александрийской Церкви в отношении духовенства РПЦ будут канонически ничтожны |url=https://pravoslavie.ru/149629.html |website=[[pravoslavie.ru]] |language=ru |date=2022-11-24}}</ref> On December 29, 2022, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, reacting to this, decided: "based on the universally recognized principle rooted in the canons and tradition of the non-jurisdiction of the clergy of one autocephalous Church to the court of another autocephalous Church, to consider the decision of the Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria on the "defrocking" of the Patriarchal exarch of Africa, Metropolitan Leonid of Klin, and all other similar decisions regarding the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Churches that have no canonical force and are invalid".<ref>{{cite web|title=ЖУРНАЛЫ Священного Синода от 29 декабря 2022 года|url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5989206.html|website=Патриархия.ru|date=2022-12-29|access-date=2022-12-29|archive-date=2022-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229175451/http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5989206.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 21 June 2023 he decried the May 2022 self-declared separation of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] of the ROC and declared that the Russian Orthodox Church would absorb its dioceses in [[Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine|areas of Ukraine occupied by Russia]] (in the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]).<ref name="LeonidInterview23062023">{{cite web |title=ROC hierarch: As we conquer Ukraine, we will take away UOC eparchies |url=https://spzh.news/en/news/74431-roc-hierarch-as-we-conquer-ukraine-we-will-take-away-uoc-eparchies |website=Union of Orthodox Journalists |language=English |access-date=23 June 2023}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{improve categories|date=January 2022}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorbachov, Leonid}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorbachov, Leonid}}
[[Category:Peoples' Friendship University of Russia alumni]]
[[Category:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni]]
[[Category:Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church]]
[[Category:Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Latest revision as of 08:47, 9 November 2024

Leonid Gorbachov

Metropolitan Leonid (secular name Leonid Eduardovich Gorbachov, Russian: Леонид Эдуардович Горбачёв; born 26 October 1968, Stavropol) is a retired bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church. He holds the title "Metropolitan of Klin". Former Patriarchal Exarch of Africa (2021-2023).

Biography

[edit]

Early life

[edit]

He was born on 26 October 1968, in Stavropol. Since 1970, his family lived in Krasnodar. He graduated from high school in 1985. In 1985–1986, he was a laboratory assistant. During those same years, he was the sexton of St. George's Church in Krasnodar. In 1986-1988 he served in the Armed Forces of the USSR.[1]

In 1988–1989, he was a reader-singer of St. George's Church in Krasnodar and subdeacon of Bishop Isidore (Kirichenko) of Krasnodar and Kuban. In 1989-1992 he studied at the Leningrad Theological Seminary.[1]

Deacon and priest

[edit]

On 8 April 1990, he was ordained a deacon. On June 18, 1990, he was tonsured a monk, and on 8 October 1990, he was ordained a hieromonk. In 1990-1997 he was a full-time cleric of St. Catherine Cathedral in Krasnodar. In 1995-1997 he was the sacristan of same cathedral.[1]

Since 1997, he has been an employee within the Moscow Patriarchate of the Synodal Department for Relations with the Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies (in Moscow).[1]

From March to September 1998, he was on a business trip as part of the Russian separate airborne brigade of the contingent of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina,[1] where, as he later recalled, he had to face "unprecedented blatant injustice against an Eastern Orthodox people".[2]

From October 1998 to September 2002, he studied at the Theological Department of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, was a minor cleric of the Russian lower Church of the Great Martyr Panteleimon in Agios Pandeleimonas in Athens, Greece.[1]

Since October 2002, he has been an employee of the Secretariat of Inter-E. Orthodox Relations of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate.[1]

On 30 July 2003, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed a member of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem.[1]

On December 24, 2004, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was dismissed from the post of a member of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem and he was appointed rector of the Metochion of the Russian Orthodox Church in Alexandria and the Church of Demetrius of Thessaloniki in Cairo, Representative of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia to the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa.[3]

On 25–29 September 2007, as part of the delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, he attended the celebrations dedicated to the 2000th anniversary of the Birth of Christ according to the Ethiopian calendar.[4]

In June 2009, he attended the meeting of Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria and President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev in Cairo.[5]

On 11 April 2010, at the metochion of the Russian Orthodox Church in Cairo, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow, during his visit to the Patriarchate of Alexandria, elevated him to the rank of Archimandrite.[6][7]

Bishop

[edit]

On 29 May 2013, the Holy Synod of the ROC elected him Bishop of Argentina and South America.[8]

On 11 June 2013, at the patriarchal and synodal residence of the Danilov Monastery, he was nominated as bishop.[9]

On 17 June 2013, in the Church of St. Igor of Chernigov in Peredelkino, he was consecrated Bishop of Argentina and South America. The consecration was performed by Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, Metropolitan Barsanuphius (Sudakov) of Saransk and Mordovia, Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev) of Volokolamsk, Archbishop Arsenius (Yepifanov) of Istra, Archbishop Mark (Golovkov) of Yegoryevsk, Bishop Sergius (Chashin) of Solnechnogorsk, Bishop Tikhon (Zaitsev) of Podolsk.[10]

On 16 July 2013, he was dismissed from the post of representative of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia to the Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa.[11] In August of the same year, he handed over the affairs at the metochion in Cairo to priest Viktor Kulaga, and left for South America.[12]

He visited all twenty countries of the diocese entrusted to him. The diocese itself was experiencing growth at that time, but faced serious difficulties: a shortage of clergy, lack of legal registration of parishes, chronic lack of funds, the presence of ROCOR parishes that did not adopt the 2007 Act of Canonical Communion. At the same time, there were very few Russian enterprises and wealthy compatriots able to provide charitable assistance in Latin America.[13]

On 3 June 2016, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed Bishop of Vladikavkaz and Alania.[14]

In October 2016, the Vladikavkaz Theological College ceased its activities due to the fact that it had not organized a full-fledged educational process that meets the modern requirements of the education system, which was required by the ongoing reform of the theological schools of the Russian Orthodox Church. At the same time, in the same autumn, an agreement was reached between the Vladikavkaz Diocese and the North Ossetian State University to open a theological department at this university.[15]

On 27 December 2016, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was appointed administrator of the Patriarchal Parishes in Armenia.[16] On February 15, 2017, he met with Catholicos Karekin II.[17]

On 4 December 2017, in accordance with the new regulations on awards, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia was elevated to the rank of archbishop.[18]

On 17 October 2019, at an extraordinary meeting of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed deputy chairman of the Department for External Church Relations while retaining the position of the ruling bishop of the Vladikavkaz diocese.[19]

29 October 2019, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was appointed co-chairman of the working group on the coordination of bilateral relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Malankara Church.[20]

On 11 March 2020, by the decision of the Holy Synod of he was appointed co-chairman of the Commission on Dialogue between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Ethiopian Church.[21]

On 24 September 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the ROC, he was released from the administration of the Vladikavkaz diocese and the post of the archimandrite of the Alan Assumption Monastery with an expression of gratitude for the labors incurred; he was appointed vicar of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia with the title "of Klin", with a stay in Moscow. In addition, in view of the "numerous appeals of the clergy of the Orthodox Church of Alexandria to His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia with a request to accept them under the omophorion of the Moscow Patriarchate," he was instructed to "submit proposals to the Holy Synod after a thorough study of the received appeals".[22]

On 15 October 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod of he ROC, in connection with the formation of the Diocese of Yerevan and Armenia, he was appointed its administrator, while retaining the post of deputy chairman of the Department for External Church Relations.[23]

On 29 December 2021, by the decision of the Holy Synod, he was appointed Patriarchal Exarch of Africa with the assignment of the administration of the North African Diocese and the interim administration of the South African Diocese and the dismissal of the deputy chairman of the DECR and the preservation of the interim administration of the Yerevan-Armenian Diocese.[24]

On 7 January 2022, in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia elevated him to the rank of Metropolitan.[25]

On 22 November 2022, Leonid was defrocked by the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa for "… a series of canonical offenses", such as "inheritance in the jurisdiction of the Church’s pontificate, distribution of the holy myrrh, enticing local clergy and, propagating ethno-tribalism, or ethno-phyletism".[26] Metropolitan Leonid stated that this decision is "canonically insignificant" and will have absolutely no effect on his ministry: "Only the Church in which I serve can deprive me of my dignity. ...it's like if the President of Russia by his decree dismissed the Minister of Defense of Great Britain".[27] On December 29, 2022, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, reacting to this, decided: "based on the universally recognized principle rooted in the canons and tradition of the non-jurisdiction of the clergy of one autocephalous Church to the court of another autocephalous Church, to consider the decision of the Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria on the "defrocking" of the Patriarchal exarch of Africa, Metropolitan Leonid of Klin, and all other similar decisions regarding the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Churches that have no canonical force and are invalid".[28]

On 21 June 2023 he decried the May 2022 self-declared separation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) of the ROC and declared that the Russian Orthodox Church would absorb its dioceses in areas of Ukraine occupied by Russia (in the Russian invasion of Ukraine).[29]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Леонид, митрополит Клинский (Горбачев Леонид Эдуардович)
  2. ^ "Слово архимандрита Леонида (Горбачева) при наречении во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского / Проповеди / Патриархия.ru". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 2013-06-11.
  3. ^ "ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 24 декабря 2004 года / Официальные документы / Патриархия.ru". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 2005-04-18.
  4. ^ Делегация Русской Православной Церкви приняла участие в торжествах по случаю празднования 2000-летия от Рождества Христова по эфиопскому календарю
  5. ^ Визит Президента Российской Федерации Д. А. Медведева в Арабскую Республику Египет 23—24 июня 2009 года
  6. ^ Святейший Патриарх Кирилл совершил молебен на подворье Русской Православной Церкви в Каире
  7. ^ Визит Святейшего Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла в Александрийскую Православную Церковь 10—12 апреля 2010 года
  8. ^ Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 29 мая 2013 года. Журнал № 40.
  9. ^ Святейший Патриарх Кирилл возглавил наречение архимандрита Сергия (Булатникова) во епископа Клинцовского и Трубчевского, Леонида (Горбачёва) во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского и архимандрита Игнатия (Тарасова) во епископа Костомукшского и Кемского.
  10. ^ Предстоятель Русской Церкви совершил Литургию в храме святого князя Игоря Черниговского в подмосковном Переделкине и возглавил хиротонию архимандрита Леонида (Горбачёва) во епископа Аргентинского и Южноамериканского
  11. ^ Журналы заседания Синода от 16 июля 2013. Журнал № 93
  12. ^ Ирина Якушева, Епископ Аргентинский Леонид (Горбачев) (2013-08-16). "Епископ Леонид (Горбачев): Египет находится на пороге гражданской войны". www.pravmir.ru (in Russian).
  13. ^ Паласио, Мигель (22 March 2016). "Храм-посольство и "Отче наш" по-индейски". e-vestnik.ru (in Russian).
  14. ^ Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 3 июня 2016 года
  15. ^ Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 29 июля 2017 года. Патриархия.ru.
  16. ^ "ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 27 декабря 2016 года". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 27 December 2016.
  17. ^ "Управляющий приходами Русской Православной Церкви в Армении епископ Владикавказский Леонид встретился с Католикосом всех армян Гарегином II". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 2017-02-17.
  18. ^ "Блаженнейший Патриарх Александрийский и всей Африки Феодор II возглавил торжественное богослужение в Храме Христа Спасителя в день 100-летия интронизации святителя Тихона, Патриарха Московского". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 2017-12-04.
  19. ^ "ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 17 октября 2019 года". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 17 October 2019.
  20. ^ "ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 29 октября 2019 года / Официальные документы / Патриархия.ru".
  21. ^ "ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 11 марта 2020 года". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 2020-03-11.
  22. ^ "Журналы заседания Священного Синода от 23—24 сентября 2021 года". Московская патриархия. 24 September 2021. Журнал № 61
  23. ^ "Журналы Священного Синода от 15 октября 2021 года". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 2021-10-15.
  24. ^ "Журналы Священного Синода от 29 декабря 2021 года. Журнал № 100". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 2021-12-29.
  25. ^ "В праздник Рождества Христова Предстоятель Русской Церкви совершил великую вечерню в Храме Христа Спасителя". Патриархия.ru (in Russian). 2022-01-07.
  26. ^ "Stern decisions by Holy Synod of Patriarchate of Alexandria & All Africa against 'intrusion' by Moscow Patriarchate".
  27. ^ "Митрополит Клинский Леонид. Любые вердикты Александрийской Церкви в отношении духовенства РПЦ будут канонически ничтожны". pravoslavie.ru (in Russian). 2022-11-24.
  28. ^ "ЖУРНАЛЫ Священного Синода от 29 декабря 2022 года". Патриархия.ru. 2022-12-29. Archived from the original on 2022-12-29. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
  29. ^ "ROC hierarch: As we conquer Ukraine, we will take away UOC eparchies". Union of Orthodox Journalists. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
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