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{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ambaghai
| name = Ambaghai
| title =
| title = [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of [[Khamag Mongol|Khamag Mongol Confederacy]]
| succession = [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of [[Khamag Mongol]]
| succession = 2nd [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of [[Khamag Mongol]]
| predecessor = [[Khabul Khan]]
| predecessor = [[Khabul Khan]]
| successor = [[Hotula Khan]]
| successor = [[Hotula Khan]]
| reign = 1148{{snd}}1156 AD
| reign = 1148{{snd}}1156 AD
| issue = Adal Khan <br> and eight others
| era dates = [[12th Century]]
| house = [[Borjigin]]
| era dates =
| father = ?
| house =
| house-type =
| father =
| mother =
| occupation = Ruler
| occupation = Ruler
| birth_date = ?
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mongolia]]
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{circa|1156}}
| death_date = {{circa|1156}}
| death_place = [[Huining Prefecture]], [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]]
| death_place = [[Huining Prefecture]], [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]]
| spouse = Orbei <br> Sokhatai
| spouse-type = Wife
| religion = [[Tengrism]]
| religion = [[Tengrism]]
| succession1 = [[Tribal chief|Chief]] of the [[Taichuud]]
| succession1 = [[Tribal chief|Chief]] of the [[Taichuud]]
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}}
}}


'''Ambaghai''' or '''Hambaqai'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis|title=Studies in the career of Chinggis Qan.|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29577/|publisher=SOAS University of London|date=1996|degree=phd|language=en|first=Chih-Shu E.|last=Cheng}}</ref> '''Khan''' ({{Lang-mn|ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ}}; {{zh|c=俺巴孩}}) ( ? – died 1156) was a [[Khan (title)|khan]] of the [[Khamag Mongol]], one of the great grandsons of [[Khaidu Khan]] and the cousin and predecessor of [[Qutula Khan|Hotula Khan]].
'''Ambaghai''' or '''Hambaqai'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis|title=Studies in the career of Chinggis Qan.|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29577/|publisher=SOAS University of London|date=1996|degree=phd|language=en|first=Chih-Shu E.|last=Cheng}}</ref> '''Khan''' ({{Langx|mn|ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ}}; ? – died 1156) was a [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of the [[Khamag Mongol]], succeeding his cousin [[Khabul Khan]]. He was one of the great-grandsons of [[Khaidu Khan]] and the cousin and predecessor of [[Qutula Khan|Hotula Khan]]. He was the Leader of the [[Taichiud|Taichud]] clan, one of the sub-branches of the [[Borjigin|Borjigid]], and also grandson and successor of Charaqai Lingqum.


== Life ==
== Life ==
[[File:Tayichud and Chenghisid geneologican charts.jpg|alt=|thumb|left|Genealogican chart.]]
⚫
Ambaghai was born to Sorqaduqtu China, a son of Charaqai Lingqum<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/rashiduddin-fazlullahs-jamiut-tawarikh-compendium-of-chronicles/oclc/41120851|title=Rashiduddin Fazlullah's Jamiʻuʼt-tawarikh = Compendium of chronicles|last2=Thackston|first2=W. M|date=1998|publisher=Harvard University, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations|location=Cambridge, Mass.|pages=121–123|language=en|oclc=41120851}}</ref> who in turn was son of [[Kaidu (11th century)|Khaidu Khan]]. His father is mentioned as Senggüm Bilge in ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]].'' A member of the cadet branch of Borjigin clan, he was ruler of the [[Taichiud|Taichuud]] tribe and later khan of [[Khamag Mongol]]. According to [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani|Rashidaddin]], he succeeded [[Khabul Khan]], because he was seniormost in Borjigid line.<ref name=":1" /> Toward the end of his rule, he was captured alongside [[Khabul Khan]]'s son Tödö'en Otchigin by the [[Tatars]] when he was on a trip to marry his son Qadaan Taishi to a daughter of the chief of the Airu'ut Tatars. In fact, this was done under the commands of the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] in response to the Mongols' growing power. He was brought to the Jin capital [[Zhongdu]], crucified, and then hacked to death.<ref>Kubilay Atik, [http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12620854/index.pdf DYNASTIC RELATIONS IN EAST ASIA DURING THE 10TH-14TH CENTURIES], p. 177</ref> Sources do not give exact date on Ambaghai's reign or death date. According to Chih-Shu Eva Cheng's calculation, he died {{Circa|1156}} at same time as Marcus, khan of the [[Naimans]] and father of [[Cyriacus Buyruk Khan|Cyriacus]].<ref name=":0" /> While [[Christoph Baumer]] states he reigned through 1146–1156.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baumer|first=Christoph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7eiWDwAAQBAJ|title=The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols|date=2016-05-30|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-83860-939-9|language=en}}</ref> He was followed by [[Hotula Khan]], his distant cousin.


⚫
Ambaghai was born to Sorqaduqtu China, a son of Charaqai Lingqum<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41120851|title=Rashiduddin Fazlullah's Jamiʻuʼt-tawarikh = Compendium of chronicles|last2=Thackston|first2=W. M|date=1998|publisher=Harvard University, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations|location=Cambridge, Mass.|pages=121–123|language=en|oclc=41120851}}</ref> who in turn was son of [[Kaidu (11th century)|Khaidu Khan]]. His father is mentioned as Senggüm Bilge in ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]].'' A member of the cadet branch of Borjigin clan, he was ruler of the [[Taichiud|Taichuud]] tribe and later khan of [[Khamag Mongol]]. According to [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani|Rashidaddin]], Ambaghai succeeded [[Khabul Khan]], because he was senior most in the Borjigid line.<ref name=":1" /> Toward the end of his rule, he was captured alongside [[Khabul Khan]]'s son Tödö'en Otchigin by the [[Tatars]] when he was on a trip to marry his son Qadaan Taishi to a daughter of the chief of the Airu'ut Tatars. In fact, this was done under the commands of the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] in response to the Mongols' growing power. He was brought to the Jin capital [[Zhongdu]], crucified, and then hacked to death.<ref>Kubilay Atik, [http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12620854/index.pdf DYNASTIC RELATIONS IN EAST ASIA DURING THE 10TH-14TH CENTURIES], p. 177</ref> Sources do not give exact dates of Ambaghai's reign or his death date. According to Chih-Shu Eva Cheng's calculation, he died {{Circa|1156}} at the same time as Marcus, khan of the [[Naimans]] and father of [[Cyriacus Buyruk Khan|Cyriacus]].<ref name=":0" /> While [[Christoph Baumer]] states he reigned through 1146–1156.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baumer|first=Christoph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7eiWDwAAQBAJ|title=The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols|date=2016-05-30|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-83860-939-9|language=en}}</ref> He was followed by [[Hotula Khan]], his distant cousin.
⚫
His son Qadaan Taishi followed him as de facto chief of Taichuud and joined Hotula Khan on his campaigns against Tatars. But he was poisoned in 1160s, possibly by his brothers and cousins over succession.<ref name=":0" /> Qadaan seems to be succeeded by Targutai Kiriltuk - a rival of [[Genghis Khan]] later.

⚫
His son Qadaan Taishi followed him as de facto chief of Taichuud and joined Hotula Khan on his campaigns against Tatars. But he was poisoned in 1160s, possibly by his brothers and cousins over succession.<ref name=":0" /> Qadaan seems to be succeeded by Targutai Kiriltuk - a subsequent rival of [[Genghis Khan]].


In 1211 [[Genghis Khan]] instigated the [[Mongol–Jin War]], ending in the fall of the Jin dynasty, in sworn revenge for Ambaghai's kidnapping and execution.
In 1211 [[Genghis Khan]] instigated the [[Mongol–Jin War]], ending in the fall of the Jin dynasty, in sworn revenge for Ambaghai's kidnapping and execution.


⚫
Ambaghai left several sons with his two wives - Orbei and Sokhatai:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Waley|first=Arthur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIz5vdjhAvUC|title=The Secret History of the Mongols: And Other Pieces|date=2013-05-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-74824-0|pages=225|language=en}}</ref>
== Family ==
⚫
He left several sons with his two wives - Orbei and Sokhatai:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Waley|first=Arthur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIz5vdjhAvUC|title=The Secret History of the Mongols: And Other Pieces|date=2013-05-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-74824-0|pages=225|language=en}}</ref>


# Adal Khan
# Adal Khan
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# Bakhachi
# Bakhachi
# Udor Bayan
# Udor Bayan

== In Media ==

* He was portrayed by Wuri Jitu in [[Genghis Khan (2004 TV series)|''Genghis Khan'' (2004 TV series)]]


== References ==
== References ==
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Family tree of Genghis Khan]]
*[[Family tree of Genghis Khan]]
*[[Ambagyan]]- Khagan of the [[Khitan Empire]]


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ambaghai}}
[[Category:Executed Mongolian people]]
[[Category:Executed Mongolian people]]
[[Category:Executed monarchs]]
[[Category:Executed monarchs]]
[[Category:12th-century Mongol rulers]]
[[Category:12th-century Mongol khans]]
[[Category:12th-century executions]]
[[Category:12th-century executions]]
⚫
[[Category:Mongol khans]]
[[Category:People executed by the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)]]
[[Category:People executed by the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)]]
[[Category:People executed by crucifixion]]
[[Category:People executed by crucifixion]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
⚫
[[Category:Tengrist monarchs]]




Latest revision as of 12:23, 9 November 2024

Ambaghai
2nd Khan of Khamag Mongol
Reign1148 – 1156 AD
PredecessorKhabul Khan
SuccessorHotula Khan
Chief of the Taichuud
Reign1148 – 1156 CE
PredecessorCharaqai Lingqum
SuccessorQadaan Taishi
Diedc. 1156
Huining Prefecture, Jin dynasty
WifeOrbei
Sokhatai
IssueAdal Khan
and eight others
ReligionTengrism
OccupationRuler

Ambaghai or Hambaqai[1] Khan (Mongolian: ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ; ? – died 1156) was a Khan of the Khamag Mongol, succeeding his cousin Khabul Khan. He was one of the great-grandsons of Khaidu Khan and the cousin and predecessor of Hotula Khan. He was the Leader of the Taichud clan, one of the sub-branches of the Borjigid, and also grandson and successor of Charaqai Lingqum.

Life

[edit]
Genealogican chart.

Ambaghai was born to Sorqaduqtu China, a son of Charaqai Lingqum[2] who in turn was son of Khaidu Khan. His father is mentioned as Senggüm Bilge in The Secret History of the Mongols. A member of the cadet branch of Borjigin clan, he was ruler of the Taichuud tribe and later khan of Khamag Mongol. According to Rashidaddin, Ambaghai succeeded Khabul Khan, because he was senior most in the Borjigid line.[2] Toward the end of his rule, he was captured alongside Khabul Khan's son Tödö'en Otchigin by the Tatars when he was on a trip to marry his son Qadaan Taishi to a daughter of the chief of the Airu'ut Tatars. In fact, this was done under the commands of the Jurchen Jin dynasty in response to the Mongols' growing power. He was brought to the Jin capital Zhongdu, crucified, and then hacked to death.[3] Sources do not give exact dates of Ambaghai's reign or his death date. According to Chih-Shu Eva Cheng's calculation, he died c. 1156 at the same time as Marcus, khan of the Naimans and father of Cyriacus.[1] While Christoph Baumer states he reigned through 1146–1156.[4] He was followed by Hotula Khan, his distant cousin.

His son Qadaan Taishi followed him as de facto chief of Taichuud and joined Hotula Khan on his campaigns against Tatars. But he was poisoned in 1160s, possibly by his brothers and cousins over succession.[1] Qadaan seems to be succeeded by Targutai Kiriltuk - a subsequent rival of Genghis Khan.

In 1211 Genghis Khan instigated the Mongol–Jin War, ending in the fall of the Jin dynasty, in sworn revenge for Ambaghai's kidnapping and execution.

Ambaghai left several sons with his two wives - Orbei and Sokhatai:[5]

  1. Adal Khan
    1. Targutai Kiriltuk (d. 1201) — chief of Taichuuds and a rival of Genghis Khan.
  2. Au'chu Baghatur
  3. Qadaan Taishi
  4. Quril Baghatur
  5. Töda'a — one of the sub-chiefs of Taichuuds during reign of Genghis Khan.[2]
  6. Qodun Orchang
  7. Bakhachi
  8. Udor Bayan

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Cheng, Chih-Shu E. (1996). Studies in the career of Chinggis Qan (phd thesis). SOAS University of London.
  2. ^ a b c Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb; Thackston, W. M (1998). Rashiduddin Fazlullah's Jamiʻuʼt-tawarikh = Compendium of chronicles. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations. pp. 121–123. OCLC 41120851.
  3. ^ Kubilay Atik, DYNASTIC RELATIONS IN EAST ASIA DURING THE 10TH-14TH CENTURIES, p. 177
  4. ^ Baumer, Christoph (2016-05-30). The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83860-939-9.
  5. ^ Waley, Arthur (2013-05-13). The Secret History of the Mongols: And Other Pieces. Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-136-74824-0.

See also

[edit]
Ambaghai
Regnal titles
Preceded by Khan of Khamag Mongol
1146-1156 		Succeeded by


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