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{{Short description|English politician and peer}}
'''Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys''', [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]] ([[1695]]–[[1770]]) was a British politician in the [[18th century]].
{{redirect|Samuel Sandys}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Lord Sandys
| honorific-suffix = [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]]
| image = 1stLordSandys.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Godfrey Kneller]]
| order1 = [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]
| term_start1 = 12 February 1742
| term_end1 = 12 December 1743
| monarch1 = [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]
| primeminister1 = [[Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington|The Earl of Wilmington]] <br> [[Henry Pelham|Hon. Henry Pelham]]
| predecessor1 = [[Robert Walpole|Sir Robert Walpole]]
| successor1 = [[Henry Pelham|Hon. Henry Pelham]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1695|8|10}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1770|4|21|1695|8|10}}
| death_place = [[Highgate|Highgate Hill]]
| nationality = [[British people|British]]
| party = [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]
| alma_mater = [[New College, Oxford]]
| spouse = Letitia Tipping
}}
'''Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}} (10 August 1695 – 21 April 1770) was an English [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] politician and peer who represented [[Worcester (UK Parliament constituency)|Worcester]] in the [[House of Commons of Great Britain|British House of Commons]] from 1718 until 1743 when he was created [[Baron Sandys]]. He held numerous posts in the [[government of the United Kingdom]], namely [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], [[Leader of the House of Commons]], [[Cofferer of the Household]] and [[First Lord of Trade]]. He was also a [[justice in eyre]].<ref name=DNB>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Sandys, Samuel|last=Barker|first=G. F. R.|volume=50}}</ref>


==Early life==
He was born in [[Greenwich]], the the son of [[Edwin Sandys (MP)|Edwin Sandys]] of [[Ombersley]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Worcestershire]] and a descendant of [[Edwin Sandys (archbishop)|Edwin Sandys]], the [[Archbishop of York]].
Sandys was the eldest son of [[Edwin Sandys (MP for Worcestershire)|Edwin Sandys]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MP}} (himself a descendant of [[Edwin Sandys (bishop)|Edwin Sandys]], [[Archbishop of York]]), and his wife Alice, daughter of Sir [[James Rushout]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|Bt|MP}}.<ref name=HOP>{{cite web|last=Sedgwick|first=Romney R.|url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/sandys-samuel-1695-1770| title= SANDYS, Samuel (1695-1770), of Ombersley, Worcs.| publisher= History of Parliament Online| access-date = 2 May 2019 }}</ref>


He was educated at [[New College, Oxford]], matriculating in 1711 aged 16.<ref>{{alox1|title=Sandys, Samuel (2)}}</ref> He left Oxford in 1715 without graduating, and embarked on a [[Grand Tour]] of Continental Europe.<ref>{{cite book|last=Davis|first=Martin|date=2017|title=Samuel 1st Baron Sandys of Ombersley, 1695–1770|series=Sandys of Ombersley: Fragments of nine lives|volume=1|page=8|url=https://www.academia.edu/39375587|access-date=30 September 2019}}</ref>
He inherited his grandfather's estates in [[1701]] and was [[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[Worcester (UK Parliament constituency)|Worcester]] from 1718 to 1743. In 1725, he married Letitia the daughter of Sir Thomas Tipping of [[Wheatfield]] in [[Oxfordshire]]. In 1742, he was made a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|privy councillor]]. The following year, he was created [[Baron Sandys]] of Ombersley. He died on [[21 April]] 1770 when his [[post chaise]] overturned on [[Highgate Hill]], and he was succeeded in his title and estates by his eldest son, [[Edwin Sandys, 2nd Baron Sandys|Edwin]].


==Opposition==
{{GB-peer-stub}}
In 1718, at the age of 22, Sandys was elected MP for [[Worcester (UK Parliament constituency)|Worcester]], as a [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]. He represented the seat for 25 years.


Initially a supporter of [[Robert Walpole]]'s government, in 1725 Sandys and his uncle [[Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet|Sir John Rushout]] went into opposition with [[William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath|William Pulteney]]. Sandys was seen as second-in-command to Pulteney, the leader of the [[Patriot Whigs]].<ref name=HOP/>
{{start box}}

In February 1730 Sandys introduced the Pension Bill, to bar from sitting in the House of Commons anyone with any pensions or offices held in trust for them from the Crown. The bill passed through the House of Commons but was rejected by the House of Lords; he reintroduced the bill several times in subsequent sessions, with the same result. Sandys opposed the government's economic policy: in 1733 he opposed both the motion to take £500,000 from the [[sinking fund]] and the [[Excise Bill]] to tax tobacco and wine imports; in February 1736 he called attention to the increase of the national debt.<ref name=DNB/>

On 13 February 1741, Sandys moved a motion to call upon [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]] to dismiss Walpole. The [[Tories (British political party)|Tories]] did not support the motion, which was defeated by 290 votes to 106;<ref name=DNB/> the Tory Jacobite [[William Shippen (MP)|William Shippen]] commented of Walpole and the opposition Whigs that "Robin and I are two honest men: he is for King George and I for [[James Francis Edward Stuart|King James]], but those men in long cravats only desire places under either one or the other".<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Shippen, William|last=Seccombe|first=Thomas|volume=52}}</ref>

==Chancellor of the Exchequer==
This impression that senior opposition Whigs were motivated by self-advancement rather than by opposition to the government gained substance when Walpole fell in February 1742. Pulteney (created Earl of Bath that year) brokered a deal with the Court, without consulting opposition parties. The new ministry led by [[Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington|Lord Wilmington]] was a continuation of Walpole's ministry with few personnel changes, but with Sandys appointed [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], and Sir John Rushout and [[Phillips Gybbon]] appointed Lords of the Treasury.<ref name=HOP/>

Pulteney and Sandys supported the appointment of a secret committee to investigate Walpole's conduct in office; Sandys was elected a member of the committee. They opposed the repeal of the [[Septennial Act 1716]], and objected to the rejection by the Lords of the Indemnification Bill to recompense witnesses against Walpole. In December 1742 Sandys opposed a Place Bill (to limit the capacity of parliamentarians to hold other paid positions, especially in the military), although he had proposed several such bills when in opposition.<ref name=DNB/><ref name=HOP/>

Wilmington died in July 1743, succeeded as First Lord of the Treasury by [[Henry Pelham]]. On 12 December 1743, Pelham took the Chancellorship himself.

==Later career==
Sandys was compensated with a peerage, being created [[Baron Sandys]] on 20 December 1743, and appointed as [[Cofferer of the Household]]. He later held office as Speaker of the House of Lords in the [[Pitt–Devonshire ministry]] (November 1756 – July 1757), and as [[President of the Board of Trade|First Lord of Trade]] under Lords [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Newcastle]] and [[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute|Bute]] (March 1761 – February 1763).<ref name=HOP/>

Sandys died on 21 April 1770, from injuries sustained when his [[Chaise|post chaise]] overturned on [[Highgate|Highgate Hill]].<ref name=HOP/>

==Family==
[[File:Enoch seeman portrait of letitia lady sandys nee tipping.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Letitia, Lady Sandys by [[Enoch Seeman]]]]
On 9 June 1725 Sandys married Letitia, eldest daughter and co-heiress of [[Sir Thomas Tipping, 1st Baronet|Sir Thomas Tipping]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|Bt|MP}} and his wife Anne Cheke. They had seven sons and three daughters:<ref>{{cite book|last=Davis|first=Martin|date=2017|title=Samuel 1st Baron Sandys of Ombersley, 1695–1770|series=Sandys of Ombersley: Fragments of nine lives|volume=1|pages=24–28|url=https://www.academia.edu/39375587|access-date=30 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Fielding|first=John|date=1790|title=Fielding's New Peerage of England, Scotland and Ireland|page=110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpVcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA110|access-date=30 September 2019}}</ref>

* [[Edwin Sandys, 2nd Baron Sandys|Edwin Sandys]] (28 April 1726 – 11 March 1797), MP, succeeded as the 2nd Baron Sandys in 1770
* Cheek Sandys (1727–1737)
* Thomas Sandys (born 30 September 1728, London, died in infancy)
* Martin Sandys (baptised 24 November 1729, Ombersley – 26 December 1768), Colonel, Equerry to the [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|Duke of Cumberland]]
** Martin's daughter [[Mary Hill, Marchioness of Downshire|Mary]] (wife of [[Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire]]) inherited the Ombersley estates upon the 2nd Baron's death in 1797, and was granted a new Sandys barony in 1802.
* Letitia Sandys (baptised 25 August 1731, Ombersley – 10 January 1784)
* William Sandys (baptised 5 August 1732, Ombersley – 31 October 1749)
* Anne Sandys (born 10 January 1734 – 1797) married Christopher Bethell
* John Sandys (baptised 31 October 1735, Ombersley – 1758), soldier, died in Germany
* Katherine Sandys (baptised 25 September 1736, died in infancy)
* Henry Sandys (baptised 4 July 1737, Ombersley, died in infancy)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Sandys of Ombersley |last=Cokayne |first=George E. |encyclopedia=Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant |volume=VII, S to T |publisher=George Bell & Sons |year=1896 |url={{google books|VyowAAAAYAAJ|plainurl=yes|page=54}} |page=54}}
* {{cite ODNB |id=24652 |title=Sandys, Samuel, first Baron Sandys of Ombersley (1695-1770) |last=Hanham |first=A. A.}}
* {{cite book |last1=Horn |first1=David Bayne |first2=Mary |last2=Ransome |title=English Historical Documents 1714-1783 |volume=7 |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 |isbn=0-415-14372-1}}

==External links==
* {{Rayment|external links=y|date=February 2012}}

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{{British Chancellors of the Exchequer}}
{{Leader of the House of Commons}}
{{Presidents of the Board of Trade}}


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{{Chancellor of the Exchequer}}


[[Category:1695 births|Sandys, Samuel, 1st Baron]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandys, Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron}}
[[Category:1770 deaths|Sandys, Samuel, 1st Baron]]
[[Category:1695 births]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer|Sandys, Samuel, 1st Baron]]
[[Category:1770 deaths]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of Great Britain|Sandys, Samuel, 1st Baron]]
[[Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament from English constituencies|Sandys, Samuel]]
[[Category:18th-century English nobility]]
[[Category:Peers of Great Britain created by George II]]
[[Category:British MPs 1715–1722|Sandys, Samuel]]
[[Category:British MPs 1722–1727|Sandys, Samuel]]
[[Category:British MPs 1727–1734|Sandys, Samuel]]
[[Category:British MPs 1734–1741|Sandys, Samuel]]
[[Category:British MPs 1741–1747|Sandys, Samuel]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|Sandys, Samuel]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain]]
[[Category:People from Greenwich]]
[[Category:People from Wychavon (district)]]
[[Category:Leaders of the House of Commons of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Board of Trade]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in London]]
[[Category:British free speech activists]]
[[Category:Whig (British political party) politicians]]
[[Category:Barons Sandys (1743 creation)|1]]
[[Category:Sandys family|Samuel]]

Latest revision as of 14:21, 9 November 2024

"Samuel Sandys" redirects here. For other uses, see Samuel Sandys (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable
The Lord Sandys
PC
Portrait by Godfrey Kneller
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
12 February 1742 – 12 December 1743
MonarchGeorge II
Prime MinisterThe Earl of Wilmington
Hon. Henry Pelham
Preceded bySir Robert Walpole
Succeeded byHon. Henry Pelham
Personal details
Born(1695-08-10)10 August 1695
Died21 April 1770(1770-04-21) (aged 74)
Highgate Hill
NationalityBritish
Political partyWhig
SpouseLetitia Tipping
Alma materNew College, Oxford

Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys PC (10 August 1695 – 21 April 1770) was an English Whig politician and peer who represented Worcester in the British House of Commons from 1718 until 1743 when he was created Baron Sandys. He held numerous posts in the government of the United Kingdom, namely Chancellor of the Exchequer, Leader of the House of Commons, Cofferer of the Household and First Lord of Trade. He was also a justice in eyre.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Sandys was the eldest son of Edwin Sandys MP (himself a descendant of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York), and his wife Alice, daughter of Sir James Rushout Bt MP.[2]

He was educated at New College, Oxford, matriculating in 1711 aged 16.[3] He left Oxford in 1715 without graduating, and embarked on a Grand Tour of Continental Europe.[4]

Opposition

[edit]

In 1718, at the age of 22, Sandys was elected MP for Worcester, as a Whig. He represented the seat for 25 years.

Initially a supporter of Robert Walpole's government, in 1725 Sandys and his uncle Sir John Rushout went into opposition with William Pulteney. Sandys was seen as second-in-command to Pulteney, the leader of the Patriot Whigs.[2]

In February 1730 Sandys introduced the Pension Bill, to bar from sitting in the House of Commons anyone with any pensions or offices held in trust for them from the Crown. The bill passed through the House of Commons but was rejected by the House of Lords; he reintroduced the bill several times in subsequent sessions, with the same result. Sandys opposed the government's economic policy: in 1733 he opposed both the motion to take £500,000 from the sinking fund and the Excise Bill to tax tobacco and wine imports; in February 1736 he called attention to the increase of the national debt.[1]

On 13 February 1741, Sandys moved a motion to call upon King George II to dismiss Walpole. The Tories did not support the motion, which was defeated by 290 votes to 106;[1] the Tory Jacobite William Shippen commented of Walpole and the opposition Whigs that "Robin and I are two honest men: he is for King George and I for King James, but those men in long cravats only desire places under either one or the other".[5]

Chancellor of the Exchequer

[edit]

This impression that senior opposition Whigs were motivated by self-advancement rather than by opposition to the government gained substance when Walpole fell in February 1742. Pulteney (created Earl of Bath that year) brokered a deal with the Court, without consulting opposition parties. The new ministry led by Lord Wilmington was a continuation of Walpole's ministry with few personnel changes, but with Sandys appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Sir John Rushout and Phillips Gybbon appointed Lords of the Treasury.[2]

Pulteney and Sandys supported the appointment of a secret committee to investigate Walpole's conduct in office; Sandys was elected a member of the committee. They opposed the repeal of the Septennial Act 1716, and objected to the rejection by the Lords of the Indemnification Bill to recompense witnesses against Walpole. In December 1742 Sandys opposed a Place Bill (to limit the capacity of parliamentarians to hold other paid positions, especially in the military), although he had proposed several such bills when in opposition.[1][2]

Wilmington died in July 1743, succeeded as First Lord of the Treasury by Henry Pelham. On 12 December 1743, Pelham took the Chancellorship himself.

Later career

[edit]

Sandys was compensated with a peerage, being created Baron Sandys on 20 December 1743, and appointed as Cofferer of the Household. He later held office as Speaker of the House of Lords in the Pitt–Devonshire ministry (November 1756 – July 1757), and as First Lord of Trade under Lords Newcastle and Bute (March 1761 – February 1763).[2]

Sandys died on 21 April 1770, from injuries sustained when his post chaise overturned on Highgate Hill.[2]

Family

[edit]
Portrait of Letitia, Lady Sandys by Enoch Seeman

On 9 June 1725 Sandys married Letitia, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas Tipping Bt MP and his wife Anne Cheke. They had seven sons and three daughters:[6][7]

  • Edwin Sandys (28 April 1726 – 11 March 1797), MP, succeeded as the 2nd Baron Sandys in 1770
  • Cheek Sandys (1727–1737)
  • Thomas Sandys (born 30 September 1728, London, died in infancy)
  • Martin Sandys (baptised 24 November 1729, Ombersley – 26 December 1768), Colonel, Equerry to the Duke of Cumberland
  • Letitia Sandys (baptised 25 August 1731, Ombersley – 10 January 1784)
  • William Sandys (baptised 5 August 1732, Ombersley – 31 October 1749)
  • Anne Sandys (born 10 January 1734 – 1797) married Christopher Bethell
  • John Sandys (baptised 31 October 1735, Ombersley – 1758), soldier, died in Germany
  • Katherine Sandys (baptised 25 September 1736, died in infancy)
  • Henry Sandys (baptised 4 July 1737, Ombersley, died in infancy)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Barker, G. F. R. (1897). "Sandys, Samuel" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 50. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Sedgwick, Romney R. "SANDYS, Samuel (1695-1770), of Ombersley, Worcs". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  3. ^ Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "Sandys, Samuel (2)" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500–1714. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
  4. ^ Davis, Martin (2017). Samuel 1st Baron Sandys of Ombersley, 1695–1770. Sandys of Ombersley: Fragments of nine lives. Vol. 1. p. 8. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  5. ^ Seccombe, Thomas (1897). "Shippen, William" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 52. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  6. ^ Davis, Martin (2017). Samuel 1st Baron Sandys of Ombersley, 1695–1770. Sandys of Ombersley: Fragments of nine lives. Vol. 1. pp. 24–28. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  7. ^ Fielding, John (1790). Fielding's New Peerage of England, Scotland and Ireland. p. 110. Retrieved 30 September 2019.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Worcester
1718–1743
With: Thomas Wylde 1718–1727
Sir Richard Lane 1727–1734
Richard Lockwood 1734–1740
Thomas Winnington 1741–1743 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the Exchequer
1742–1743 		Succeeded by
Leader of the House of Commons
1742–1743
Preceded by Cofferer of the Household
1744 		Succeeded by
Preceded by First Lord of Trade
1761–1763 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by Justice in Eyre
south of Trent
1756 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Justice in Eyre
north of Trent
1759–1761 		Succeeded by
Peerage of Great Britain
New creation Baron Sandys
2nd creation
1743–1770 		Succeeded by
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