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Coordinates: 46°09′18″N 107°28′28″W / 46.15500°N 107.47444°W / 46.15500; -107.47444
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{{Other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{short description|River in Wyoming and Montana, United States}}
{{Geobox|River
{{Infobox river
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Bighorn River
| name = Bighorn River
| native_name = Iisaxpúatahcheeaashisee
| native_name ={{native name|cro|Iisaxpúatahcheeaashisee}}
| other_name = Great Horn River
| name_other = Great Horn River
| name_etymology =
| other_name1 = Wind River
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| other_name2 = Wild River
| image = CQA Four Mile Bridge.jpg
| other_name3 = Le Corne
| image_caption = The [[CQA Four Mile Bridge]] over Bighorn River
| category_hide = 1
| map = Bighornrivermap.jpg
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| map_size = 300px
| etymology =
| map_caption = Map of the Wind-Bighorn River
| nickname =
| pushpin_map =
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| pushpin_map_size = 300px
| image = CQA Four Mile Bridge.jpg
| pushpin_map_caption=
| image_caption = The [[CQA Four Mile Bridge]] over Bighorn River
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| image_size = 250px
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| image_alt =
| subdivision_name1 = United States
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| subdivision_type2 = State
| map = Bighornrivermap.jpg
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wyoming]]/[[Montana]]
| map_caption = the Wind-Bighorn River
| subdivision_type3 =
| map_size = 300px
| subdivision_name3 =
| map_alt =
| subdivision_type4 =
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| subdivision_name4 =
| country = United States
| subdivision_type5 = Cities
| state = [[Wyoming]]/[[Montana]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Dubois, Wyoming|Dubois]], [[Crowheart, Wyoming|Crowheart]], [[Johnstown, Wyoming|Johnstown]], [[Riverton, Wyoming|Riverton]], [[Thermopolis, Wyoming|Thermopolis]], [[Lucerne, Wyoming|Lucerne]], [[Kirby, Wyoming|Kirby]], [[Winchester, Wyoming|Winchester]], [[South Flat, Wyoming|South Flat]], [[Mc Nutt, Wyoming|Mc Nutt]], [[Worland, Wyoming|Worland]], [[Washakie Ten, Wyoming|Washakie Ten]], [[Manderson, Wyoming|Manderson]], [[Basin, Wyoming|Basin]], [[Greybull, Wyoming|Greybull]], [[Fort Smith, Montana|Fort Smith]]
| region =
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| district =
| length = {{convert|185|mi|km|abbr=on}}
| municipality =
| width_min =
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| parent =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| tributary_left = East Fork Wind River
| depth_min =
| tributary_left1 = Greybull River
| depth_avg =
| tributary_left2 = Shoshone River
| depth_max =
| tributary_right = Little Wind River
| discharge1_location=[[Bighorn, Montana|Bighorn]]
| tributary_right1 = Nowood River
| discharge1_min =
| tributary_right2 = Little Bighorn River
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|3954|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/mt/nwis/annual/?format=sites_selection_links&search_site_no=06294700&agency_cd=USGS&amp;referred_module=sw|title = USGS Surface Water data for Montana: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics}}</ref>
| city = [[Dubois, Wyoming|Dubois]]
| discharge1_max =
| city1 = [[Crowheart, Wyoming|Crowheart]]
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| city2 = [[Johnstown, Wyoming|Johnstown]]
| source1 = Two Ocean Mountain
| city3 = [[Riverton, Wyoming|Riverton]]
| city4 = [[Thermopolis, Wyoming|Thermopolis]]
| source1_location = [[Wind River Range]], [[Teton County, Wyoming|Teton County]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|43|44|50|N|110|04|27|W|display=inline}}<ref name="GNIS">{{cite gnis|id=1604544|name=Wind River|entrydate=1979-06-05|access-date=2011-04-05}}</ref>
| city5 = [[Lucerne, Wyoming|Lucerne]]
| source1_elevation = {{convert|9760|ft|abbr=on}}
| city6 = [[Kirby, Wyoming|Kirby]]
| mouth = [[Yellowstone River]]
| city7 = [[Winchester, Wyoming|Winchester]]
| mouth_location = [[Bighorn, Montana]], [[Yellowstone County, Montana|Treasure County]]
| city8 = [[South Flat, Wyoming|South Flat]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|46|09|18|N|107|28|28|W|display=inline,title}}<ref name=gnis>{{cite gnis |id=779903 |name=Bighorn River, MT}}</ref>
| city9 = [[Mc Nutt, Wyoming|Mc Nutt]]
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|2687|ft|abbr=on}}
| city10 = [[Worland, Wyoming|Worland]]
| progression =
| city11 = [[Washakie Ten, Wyoming|Washakie Ten]]
| river_system =
| city12 = [[Manderson, Wyoming|Manderson]]
| basin_size = {{convert|22885|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| city13 = [[Basin, Wyoming|Basin]]
| tributaries_left = East Fork Wind River, Greybull River, Shoshone River
| city14 = [[Greybull, Wyoming|Greybull]]
| tributaries_right = Little Wind River, Nowood River, Little Bighorn River
| city15 = [[Fort Smith, Montana|Fort Smith]]
| custom_label =
| city16 = [[St. Xavier, Montana|St. Xavier]]
| custom_data =
| city17 = [[Hardin, Montana|Hardin]]
| extra =
| city18 = [[Bighorn, Montana|Bighorn]]
| landmark =
| river =
<!-- *** River locations *** -->
| source = Two Ocean Mountain
| source_location = [[Wind River Range]]
| source_region = [[Teton County, Wyoming|Teton County]]
| source_country =
| source_elevation_imperial = 9760
| source_lat_d = 43
| source_lat_m = 44
| source_lat_s = 50
| source_lat_NS = N
| source_long_d = 110
| source_long_m = 04
| source_long_s = 27
| source_long_EW = W
| source_coordinates_note = <ref name="GNIS">{{cite gnis|id=1604544|name=Wind River|entrydate=1979-06-05|accessdate=2011-04-05}}</ref>
| mouth = [[Yellowstone River]]
| mouth_location = [[Bighorn, Montana]]
| mouth_region = [[Yellowstone County, Montana|Treasure County]]
| mouth_country =
| mouth_elevation_imperial = 2687
| mouth_lat_d = 46
| mouth_lat_m = 09
| mouth_lat_s = 18
| mouth_lat_NS = N
| mouth_long_d = 107
| mouth_long_m = 28
| mouth_long_s = 28
| mouth_long_EW = W
| mouth_coordinates_note = <ref name=gnis>{{cite gnis |id=779903 |name=Bighorn River, MT}}</ref>
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| length_imperial = 185| length_orientation =
| width_imperial = | width_orientation =
| depth_imperial =
| volume_imperial =
| watershed_imperial = 22885
| discharge_imperial = 3644
| discharge_location = mouth
| progression = Yellowstone River, Missouri River, Mississippi River, Gulf Of Mexico
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free = | free_type =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| website =
| commons =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
}}


The '''Bighorn River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]], approximately {{convert|461|mi|km}} long, in the states of [[Wyoming]] and [[Montana]] in the western United States. The river was named in 1805 by fur trader François Larocque for the [[bighorn sheep]] he saw along its banks as he explored the Yellowstone.<ref>{{cite book |last=Aarstad |first=Rich |author2=Arguimbau, Ellie |author3=Baumler, Ellen |author4=Porsild, Charlene |author5= Shovers, Brian |title=Montana Place Names |publisher=Montana Historical Society Press |location=Helena, Montana |page=22 |year=2009 |isbn=0-9759196-1-X}}</ref>
The '''Bighorn River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]], approximately {{convert|461|mi|km}} long, in the states of [[Wyoming]] and [[Montana]] in the western United States. The river was named in 1805 by fur trader François Larocque for the [[bighorn sheep]] he saw along its banks as he explored the Yellowstone.<ref>{{cite book |last=Aarstad |first=Rich |author2=Arguimbau, Ellie |author3=Baumler, Ellen |author4=Porsild, Charlene |author5= Shovers, Brian |title=Montana Place Names |publisher=Montana Historical Society Press |location=Helena, Montana |page=22 |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-9759196-1-3}}</ref>


The upper reaches of the Bighorn, south of the [[Owl Creek Mountains]] in Wyoming, are known as the [[Wind River (Wyoming)|Wind River]]. The two rivers are sometimes referred to as the Wind/Bighorn. The Wind River officially becomes the Bighorn River at the Wedding of the Waters, on the north side of the Wind River Canyon near the town of [[Thermopolis, Wyoming|Thermopolis]]. From there, the river flows through the [[Bighorn Basin]] in north central Wyoming, passing through Thermopolis and [[Hot Springs State Park]].
The upper reaches of the Bighorn, south of the [[Owl Creek Mountains]] in Wyoming, are known as the [[Wind River (Wyoming)|Wind River]]. The two rivers are sometimes referred to as the Wind/Bighorn. The Wind River officially becomes the Bighorn River at the [[Wedding of the Waters, Wyoming|Wedding of the Waters]], on the north side of the Wind River Canyon near the town of [[Thermopolis, Wyoming|Thermopolis]]. From there, the river flows through the [[Bighorn Basin]] in north central Wyoming, passing through Thermopolis and [[Hot Springs State Park]].


At the border with Montana, the river turns northeast, and flows past the north end of the [[Bighorn Mountains]], through the [[Crow Nation|Crow Indian Reservation]], where the [[Yellowtail Dam]] forms the [[Bighorn Lake]] [[reservoir]]. The reservoir and the surrounding [[canyon]] are part of the [[Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area]].
At the border with Montana, the river turns northeast, and flows past the north end of the [[Bighorn Mountains]], through the [[Crow Nation|Crow Indian Reservation]], where the [[Yellowtail Dam]] forms the [[Bighorn Lake]] [[reservoir]]. The reservoir and the surrounding [[canyon]] are part of the [[Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area]].


The [[Little Bighorn River]] joins the Bighorn near the town of [[Hardin, Montana]]. Approximately fifty miles farther downriver, the Bighorn River ends where it joins the Yellowstone.
The [[Little Bighorn River]] joins the Bighorn near the town of [[Hardin, Montana]]. Approximately {{convert|50|mi|km}} farther downriver, the Bighorn River ends where it joins the Yellowstone.


==Course==
==Course==
Line 116: Line 69:
The Bighorn River begins as the [[Wind River (Wyoming)|Wind River]] in the Rocky Mountains at Wind River Lake, near Two Ocean Mountain and the summit of [[Togwotee Pass]]. The Wind River flows southeast receiving the east fork of the Wind River from the north, and enters the [[Wind River Basin]], flowing past [[Dubois, Wyoming|Dubois]] and [[Johnstown, Wyoming|Johnstown]], to [[Riverton, Wyoming|Riverton]], where it receives the [[Little Wind River (Wyoming)|Little Wind River]]. The river then changes direction to the northeast and then the north, flowing into [[Boysen Reservoir]], which is formed by [[Boysen Dam]]. Below the dam it enters the [[Wind River Canyon]], where the river narrows and forms many rapids. At the end of the canyon the Wind River widens out in an area called the ''Wedding of the Waters'' where it becomes the Bighorn River and enters the [[Bighorn Basin]]. The Bighorn continues northward, passing through [[Thermopolis, Wyoming|Thermopolis]], [[Worland, Wyoming|Worland]], and [[Basin, Wyoming|Basin]]. At [[Greybull, Wyoming|Greybull]] it receives the [[Greybull River]], and about {{convert|30|mi|km|abbr=on}} north of that confluence it enters [[Bighorn Lake]], where it is joined by the [[Shoshone River]]. North of the confluence with the Shoshone, the reservoir narrows as the river enters the [[Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area|Bighorn Canyon]], where it crosses into [[Montana]]. At the end of the canyon, the river passes through [[Yellowtail Dam]] and Afterbay Dam. The river turns to the northeast and enters the [[Great Plains]]. At [[Hardin, Montana|Hardin]] the river is joined by the [[Little Bighorn River]]. Approximately {{convert|50|mi|km|abbr=on}} downriver from the Little Bighorn, in [[Big Horn County, Montana|Big Horn County]], the Bighorn empties into the [[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]].
The Bighorn River begins as the [[Wind River (Wyoming)|Wind River]] in the Rocky Mountains at Wind River Lake, near Two Ocean Mountain and the summit of [[Togwotee Pass]]. The Wind River flows southeast receiving the east fork of the Wind River from the north, and enters the [[Wind River Basin]], flowing past [[Dubois, Wyoming|Dubois]] and [[Johnstown, Wyoming|Johnstown]], to [[Riverton, Wyoming|Riverton]], where it receives the [[Little Wind River (Wyoming)|Little Wind River]]. The river then changes direction to the northeast and then the north, flowing into [[Boysen Reservoir]], which is formed by [[Boysen Dam]]. Below the dam it enters the [[Wind River Canyon]], where the river narrows and forms many rapids. At the end of the canyon the Wind River widens out in an area called the ''Wedding of the Waters'' where it becomes the Bighorn River and enters the [[Bighorn Basin]]. The Bighorn continues northward, passing through [[Thermopolis, Wyoming|Thermopolis]], [[Worland, Wyoming|Worland]], and [[Basin, Wyoming|Basin]]. At [[Greybull, Wyoming|Greybull]] it receives the [[Greybull River]], and about {{convert|30|mi|km|abbr=on}} north of that confluence it enters [[Bighorn Lake]], where it is joined by the [[Shoshone River]]. North of the confluence with the Shoshone, the reservoir narrows as the river enters the [[Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area|Bighorn Canyon]], where it crosses into [[Montana]]. At the end of the canyon, the river passes through [[Yellowtail Dam]] and Afterbay Dam. The river turns to the northeast and enters the [[Great Plains]]. At [[Hardin, Montana|Hardin]] the river is joined by the [[Little Bighorn River]]. Approximately {{convert|50|mi|km|abbr=on}} downriver from the Little Bighorn, in [[Big Horn County, Montana|Big Horn County]], the Bighorn empties into the [[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]].


==Variant names==
==Names==
[[File:Bighorn River.jpg|thumb|left|Bighorn River in Montana <!-- more likely in MT -->]]
[[File:Bighorn River.jpg|thumb|left|Bighorn River in Montana <!-- more likely in MT -->]]
The Bighorn River has also been known as the Great Horn River, Le Corne<ref name=gnis/> and '''''Iisaxpúatahcheeaashisee''''' in the [[Crow language|Apsáalooke]] language which translates to English as ''Large Bighorn Sheep River''.<ref>{{Cite web
The Bighorn River has also been known as the Great Horn River, Le Corne<ref name=gnis/> and '''''Iisaxpúatahcheeaashisee''''' in the [[Crow language|Apsáalooke]] language which translates to English as ''Large Bighorn Sheep River''.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Apsáalooke Place Names Database
|title=Apsáalooke Place Names Database
| work = Library @ Little Big Horn College
|work=Library @ Little Big Horn College
| accessdate = 2013-04-27
|access-date=2013-04-27
| url = http://lib.lbhc.edu/index.php?q=node%2F200&search=&d=Big+Horn&s=&submit=Go
|url=http://lib.lbhc.edu/index.php?q=node%2F200&search=&d=Big+Horn&s=&submit=Go
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111014834/http://lib.lbhc.edu/index.php?q=node%2F200&search=&d=Big+Horn&s=&submit=Go
|archive-date=2014-11-11
}}</ref> Its [[Gros Ventre language|Gros Ventre]] name is {{langx|ats|ʔɔ́tééíníícááh|lit=wild sheep river|label=none}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Cowell, A.|author2=Taylor, A.|author3=Brockie, T.|title=Gros Ventre ethnogeography and place names: A diachronic perspective|journal=Anthropological Linguistics|year=2016|volume=58|number=2|pages=132–170|doi=10.1353/anl.2016.0025|s2cid=151520012}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

{{portal|Montana}}
*[[List of rivers of Montana]]
*[[List of rivers of Montana]]
*[[List of rivers of Wyoming ]]
*[[List of rivers of Wyoming]]
*[[Montana Stream Access Law]]
*[[Montana Stream Access Law]]


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Gordon |title=Saving Homewaters: The Story of Montana's Streams and Rivers |year=2008 |publisher=The Countryman Press |location=Woodstock, VT |isbn=978-0-88150-679-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Gordon |title=Saving Homewaters: The Story of Montana's Streams and Rivers |year=2008 |publisher=The Countryman Press |location=Woodstock, VT |isbn=978-0-88150-679-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/savinghomewaters0000sull }}


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 142: Line 100:
{{Montana}}
{{Montana}}
{{Wyoming}}
{{Wyoming}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Rivers of Montana]]
[[Category:Rivers of Montana]]
[[Category:Rivers and streams of Wyoming]]
[[Category:Rivers of Wyoming]]
[[Category:Landforms of Yellowstone County, Montana]]
[[Category:Rivers of Yellowstone County, Montana]]
[[Category:Landforms of Treasure County, Montana]]
[[Category:Rivers of Treasure County, Montana]]
[[Category:Landforms of Big Horn County, Montana]]
[[Category:Rivers of Big Horn County, Montana]]
[[Category:Landforms of Carbon County, Montana]]
[[Category:Rivers of Carbon County, Montana]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Yellowstone River]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Yellowstone River]]
[[Category:Landforms of Big Horn County, Wyoming]]
[[Category:Rivers of Big Horn County, Wyoming]]
[[Category:Landforms of Washakie County, Wyoming]]
[[Category:Rivers of Washakie County, Wyoming]]

Latest revision as of 18:36, 9 November 2024

For other uses, see Bighorn River (disambiguation).
Bighorn River
Great Horn River
The CQA Four Mile Bridge over Bighorn River
Map of the Wind-Bighorn River
Native nameIisaxpúatahcheeaashisee (Crow)
Location
CountryUnited States
StateWyoming/Montana
CitiesDubois, Crowheart, Johnstown, Riverton, Thermopolis, Lucerne, Kirby, Winchester, South Flat, Mc Nutt, Worland, Washakie Ten, Manderson, Basin, Greybull, Fort Smith
Physical characteristics
SourceTwo Ocean Mountain
 • locationWind River Range, Teton County
 • coordinates43°44′50″N 110°04′27″W / 43.74722°N 110.07417°W / 43.74722; -110.07417[1]
 • elevation9,760 ft (2,970 m)
MouthYellowstone River
 • location
Bighorn, Montana, Treasure County
 • coordinates
46°09′18″N 107°28′28″W / 46.15500°N 107.47444°W / 46.15500; -107.47444[2]
 • elevation
2,687 ft (819 m)
Length185 mi (298 km)
Basin size22,885 sq mi (59,270 km2)
Discharge 
 • locationBighorn
 • average3,954 cu ft/s (112.0 m3/s)[3]
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftEast Fork Wind River, Greybull River, Shoshone River
 • rightLittle Wind River, Nowood River, Little Bighorn River

The Bighorn River is a tributary of the Yellowstone, approximately 461 miles (742 km) long, in the states of Wyoming and Montana in the western United States. The river was named in 1805 by fur trader François Larocque for the bighorn sheep he saw along its banks as he explored the Yellowstone.[4]

The upper reaches of the Bighorn, south of the Owl Creek Mountains in Wyoming, are known as the Wind River. The two rivers are sometimes referred to as the Wind/Bighorn. The Wind River officially becomes the Bighorn River at the Wedding of the Waters, on the north side of the Wind River Canyon near the town of Thermopolis. From there, the river flows through the Bighorn Basin in north central Wyoming, passing through Thermopolis and Hot Springs State Park.

At the border with Montana, the river turns northeast, and flows past the north end of the Bighorn Mountains, through the Crow Indian Reservation, where the Yellowtail Dam forms the Bighorn Lake reservoir. The reservoir and the surrounding canyon are part of the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area.

The Little Bighorn River joins the Bighorn near the town of Hardin, Montana. Approximately 50 miles (80 km) farther downriver, the Bighorn River ends where it joins the Yellowstone.

Course

[edit]
The river carves a canyon through Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area

The Bighorn River begins as the Wind River in the Rocky Mountains at Wind River Lake, near Two Ocean Mountain and the summit of Togwotee Pass. The Wind River flows southeast receiving the east fork of the Wind River from the north, and enters the Wind River Basin, flowing past Dubois and Johnstown, to Riverton, where it receives the Little Wind River. The river then changes direction to the northeast and then the north, flowing into Boysen Reservoir, which is formed by Boysen Dam. Below the dam it enters the Wind River Canyon, where the river narrows and forms many rapids. At the end of the canyon the Wind River widens out in an area called the Wedding of the Waters where it becomes the Bighorn River and enters the Bighorn Basin. The Bighorn continues northward, passing through Thermopolis, Worland, and Basin. At Greybull it receives the Greybull River, and about 30 mi (48 km) north of that confluence it enters Bighorn Lake, where it is joined by the Shoshone River. North of the confluence with the Shoshone, the reservoir narrows as the river enters the Bighorn Canyon, where it crosses into Montana. At the end of the canyon, the river passes through Yellowtail Dam and Afterbay Dam. The river turns to the northeast and enters the Great Plains. At Hardin the river is joined by the Little Bighorn River. Approximately 50 mi (80 km) downriver from the Little Bighorn, in Big Horn County, the Bighorn empties into the Yellowstone.

Names

[edit]
Bighorn River in Montana

The Bighorn River has also been known as the Great Horn River, Le Corne[2] and Iisaxpúatahcheeaashisee in the Apsáalooke language which translates to English as Large Bighorn Sheep River.[5] Its Gros Ventre name is ʔɔ́tééíníícááh, 'wild sheep river'.[6]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Sullivan, Gordon (2008). Saving Homewaters: The Story of Montana's Streams and Rivers. Woodstock, VT: The Countryman Press. ISBN 978-0-88150-679-2.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Wind River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. 1979-06-05. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  2. ^ a b "Bighorn River, MT". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  3. ^ "USGS Surface Water data for Montana: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics".
  4. ^ Aarstad, Rich; Arguimbau, Ellie; Baumler, Ellen; Porsild, Charlene; Shovers, Brian (2009). Montana Place Names. Helena, Montana: Montana Historical Society Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-9759196-1-3.
  5. ^ "Apsáalooke Place Names Database". Library @ Little Big Horn College. Archived from the original on 2014-11-11. Retrieved 2013-04-27.
  6. ^ Cowell, A.; Taylor, A.; Brockie, T. (2016). "Gros Ventre ethnogeography and place names: A diachronic perspective". Anthropological Linguistics. 58 (2): 132–170. doi:10.1353/anl.2016.0025. S2CID 151520012.
[edit]
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