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{{short description|Cable-stayed bridge in Scotland}}
{{Short description|Cable-stayed bridge in Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Scottish English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Scottish English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Bridge |
{{Infobox bridge
|fetchwikidata=coordinates |
|image=Kessockbridge.jpg
|image=Kessockbridge.jpg
|bridge_name=Kessock Bridge
|bridge_name=Kessock Bridge
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|carries=[[A9 road (Great Britain)|A9 road]]
|carries=[[A9 road (Great Britain)|A9 road]]
|crosses=[[Beauly Firth]]
|crosses=[[Beauly Firth]]
|open= 1982
|open= 6 August 1982 by [[The Queen Mother]]
|below=
|below=
|design= [[Cable-stayed bridge]]
|design= [[Cable-stayed bridge]]
|mainspan= {{convert|240|m|ft|0}}
|mainspan= {{convert|240|m|ft|0}}
|length= {{convert|1,056|m|ft|0}}
|length= {{convert|1056|m|ft|0}}
|width=
|width=
}}
}}
[[File:KessockNight tgr.jpg|thumb|Evening at Kessock Bridge]]
[[File:KessockNight tgr.jpg|thumb|Evening at Kessock Bridge]]
The '''Kessock Bridge''' ({{lang-gd|Drochaid Cheasaig}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gaelic Place Names and Heritage of Inverness |last=Maclean |first=Roddy |authorlink= |year=2004 |publisher=Culcabock Publishing |location=Inverness |isbn=978-0-9548925-0-0 |page=79}}</ref>) carries the [[A9 road (Great Britain)|A9]] trunk road across the [[Beauly Firth]] at [[Inverness]], Scotland.
The '''Kessock Bridge''' ({{langx|gd|Drochaid Cheasaig}})<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gaelic Place Names and Heritage of Inverness |last=Maclean |first=Roddy |year=2004 |publisher=Culcabock Publishing |location=Inverness |isbn=978-0-9548925-0-0 |page=79}}</ref> carries the [[A9 road (Great Britain)|A9]] trunk road across the [[Beauly Firth]] at [[Inverness]], Scotland.


==Description==
==Description==
The Kessock Bridge is a [[cable-stayed bridge]] across the [[Beauly Firth]], an inlet of the [[Moray Firth]], between the village of [[North Kessock]] and the city of [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].
The Kessock Bridge is a [[cable-stayed bridge]] across the [[Beauly Firth]], an inlet of the [[Moray Firth]], between the village of [[North Kessock]] and the city of [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].


The bridge has a total length of {{convert|1,056|m|ft|0}} with a main span of {{convert|240|m|ft|0}}. Designed by German engineer [[Hellmut Homberg]] and built by [[Cleveland Bridge]], it is similar to a bridge across the [[Rhine]] in [[Düsseldorf]]. The [[Beauly Firth]] is a navigable waterway and hence the bridge is raised high over sea level. The four bridge towers dominate the Inverness skyline, especially at night when they are lit.
The bridge has a total length of {{convert|1056|m|ft|0}} with a main span of {{convert|240|m|ft|0}}. Designed by German engineer {{ill|Hellmut Homberg|de}} and built by [[Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company|Cleveland Bridge]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pelke |first1=Eberhard |last2=Kurrer |first2=Karl-Eugen |title=The art of major bridge-building - Hellmut Homberg and his contribution to multiple cable-stayed spans |journal=Steel Construction |date=November 2012 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=251–265 |doi=10.1002/stco.201210031 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264487629 |access-date=3 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-49999796|title=Listed status for A9's 'quake-proof' Kessock Bridge|work=BBC News|date=10 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/news/kessock-bridge-opens-in-1982-138622/|title=Kessock Bridge opens in 1982|date=30 October 2017|newspaper=Inverness Courier|access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> it is similar to a bridge across the [[Rhine]] in [[Düsseldorf]]. The [[Beauly Firth]] is a navigable waterway and hence the bridge is raised high over sea level. The four bridge towers dominate the Inverness skyline, especially at night when they are lit.


The bridge carries the [[A9 road (Great Britain)|A9]] [[trunk road]] north from [[Inverness]] to the [[Black Isle]]. It is the southernmost of the "Three Firths" crossings (Beauly, [[Cromarty Firth|Cromarty]] and [[Dornoch Firth|Dornoch]]) which has transformed road transport in the Highlands. It has proved a key factor in the growth of the city of Inverness.
The bridge carries the [[A9 road (Great Britain)|A9]] [[trunk road]] north from [[Inverness]] to the [[Black Isle]]. It is the southernmost of the "Three Firths" crossings (Beauly, [[Cromarty Firth|Cromarty]] and [[Dornoch Firth|Dornoch]]) which has transformed road transport in the Highlands. It has proved a key factor in the growth of the city of Inverness.


To protect against any potential seismic activity of the [[Great Glen Fault]], the bridge includes [[seismic buffers]] in its construction. These buffers are at the north abutment, nearly over the line of the fault, and they supplement longitudinal restraint at Pier 7, the south main pier. Each buffer is just over {{convert|3|m|ft|2}} long and weighs about {{convert|2.5|t|2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inverword.wordpress.com/2011/04/24/earthquakes-in-the-inverness-area-1995/|title=Earthquakes in the Inverness Area, 1995|accessdate=31 January 2013}}</ref>
To protect against any potential seismic activity of the [[Great Glen Fault]], the bridge includes [[seismic buffers]] in its construction. These buffers are at the north abutment, nearly over the line of the fault, and they supplement longitudinal restraint at Pier 7, the south main pier. Each buffer is just over {{convert|3|m|ftin}} long and weighs about {{convert|2.5|t|ST|1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inverword.wordpress.com/2011/04/24/earthquakes-in-the-inverness-area-1995/|title=Earthquakes in the Inverness Area, 1995|date=24 April 2011|accessdate=31 January 2013}}</ref>


On the south side of the bridge is the [[Caledonian Stadium]], home of [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle]]
On the south side of the bridge is the [[Caledonian Stadium]], home of [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle]].


[[]]==History==
==Incidents==
The bridge has been the focus of mental health concerns in recent years involving people at serious risk of harm and potential [[suicides]]. In 2022 police were called to 203 such incidents, the highest in five years. Fewer callouts to any previous incidents had happened in years before that; 120 occurred in 2021, 69 in 2020, 85 in 2019 and 78 in 2018. The incidents have caused the bridge to be closed many times with traffic becoming heavy whilst they divert through local routes such as through Beauly. There have been calls for safety improvements to the bridge to prevent incidents.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Glen |first1=Louise |last2=Findlay |first2=Stuart |title=More than 200 Kessock Bridge closures in 2022 – a five-year high |url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/inverness/5423305/kessock-bridge-closures-2022-five-year-high/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Press and Journal |date=22 February 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
⚫
Prior to 1982, travellers north of Inverness had the choice of the [[Kessock Ferry]] or a journey via [[Beauly]]. Cleveland Bridge were awarded the £17.5{{nbsp}}million contract in 1975.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NrdAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wKUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4544%2C2862222 |title=Kessock Bridge to open early |work=Glasgow Herald |page=8 |date=14 June 1982 |accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref> Construction on the bridge began in 1976, with completion and opening in 1982.<ref name = "2012 roadworks">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-19988892 |title=Kessock Bridge roadworks: £1.8m plan to ease disruption |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=18 October 2012 |accessdate=19 October 2012}}</ref> It won the combined design and construction Saltire Award.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pvs9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=K0kMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3499%2C5500647 |title=Civil Engineering gets the star treatment |first=Anne |last=Johnstone |work=Glasgow Herald |page=8 |date=26 November 1983 |accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref>

==History==
⚫
Prior to August 1982, travellers north of Inverness had the choice of the [[Kessock Ferry]] or a 20 mile journey via [[Beauly]]. Cleveland Bridge were awarded the £17.5{{nbsp}}million contract in 1975 ({{Inflation|UK|17500000|1975|r=-4|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}).{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NrdAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wKUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4544%2C2862222 |title=Kessock Bridge to open early |work=Glasgow Herald |page=8 |date=14 June 1982 |accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref> Construction on the bridge began in 1978, with completion and opening in 1982.<ref name = "2012 roadworks">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-19988892 |title=Kessock Bridge roadworks: £1.8m plan to ease disruption |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=18 October 2012 |accessdate=19 October 2012}}</ref> It won the combined design and construction [[Saltire Society]] 1982 Civil Engineering Award in 1983.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pvs9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=K0kMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3499%2C5500647 |title=Civil Engineering gets the star treatment |first=Anne |last=Johnstone |work=Glasgow Herald |page=8 |date=26 November 1983 |accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/about-us/news/kessock-bridge-gets-the-thumbs-up-for-listing/|title = Kessock Bridge gets the thumbs up for listing &#124; HES}}</ref>


[[Transport Scotland]] estimated in 2012 that 30,000 vehicles per day were using the bridge.<ref name = "2012 roadworks"/>
[[Transport Scotland]] estimated in 2012 that 30,000 vehicles per day were using the bridge.<ref name = "2012 roadworks"/>


Since 2007, the 25th anniversary of it opening, the Kessock Bridge has featured on the obverse of the [[Banknotes of the pound sterling|£100 note]] issued by the [[Bank of Scotland]]. The series of notes commemorates Scottish engineering achievements with illustrations of bridges in Scotland such as the [[Glenfinnan Viaduct]] and the [[Forth Bridge (rail)|Forth Bridge]].<ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_bank_of_scotland.php|title=Current Banknotes : Bank of Scotland|publisher=The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref>
Since 2007, the 25th anniversary of its opening, the Kessock Bridge has featured on the obverse of the [[Bank of Scotland £100 note|£100 note]] issued by the [[Bank of Scotland]]. The series of notes commemorates Scottish engineering achievements with illustrations of bridges in Scotland such as the [[Glenfinnan Viaduct]] and the [[Forth Bridge (rail)|Forth Bridge]].<ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_bank_of_scotland.php|title=Current Banknotes : Bank of Scotland|publisher= The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|accessdate=17 October 2008}}</ref>

The bridge's northbound carriageway was resurfaced between February and June 2013,<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-19654403 | publisher=[[BBC News]] | title=Conon Bridge railway station to reopen in 2013 | date=19 September 2012}}</ref> followed by the southbound carriageway between February and June 2014.<ref name="cs">{{cite web |title=Case Study: Kessock Bridge |url=https://www.slconstruction.co.uk/casestudies/kessock_bridge_inverness.pdf |publisher=Stirling Lloyd Construction |access-date=23 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121231007/https://www.slconstruction.co.uk/casestudies/kessock_bridge_inverness.pdf |archive-date=21 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Both programmes of work were performed by Stirling Lloyd Construction Limited using their "Eliminator" bridge deck waterproofing system in combination with Aeschlimann AG's {{ill|Gussasphalt|de}} impermeable surfacing material.<ref name="cs" /><ref name="nce">{{cite magazine |last1=Bottom |first1=Hannah |title=Smooth solution |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/smooth-solution-03-07-2013/ |access-date=23 December 2022 |magazine=New Civil Engineer |publisher=EMAP Publishing |date=3 July 2013}}</ref> The new surface is guaranteed by the contractors for a period of 10 years, with a prediction that it will extend the life of the bridge by 10 to 20 years beyond that.<ref name="cs" />


The bridge was resurfaced from February to June 2013.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-19654403 | publisher=[[BBC News]] | title=Conon Bridge railway station to reopen in 2013 | date=19 September 2012}}</ref>
In 2019, the bridge was awarded a Category B listed status by Historic Environment Scotland.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/about-us/news/kessock-bridge-gets-the-thumbs-up-for-listing/|title= Kessock Bridge gets the thumbs up for listing|accessdate=10 October 2019 |agency=Historic Environment Scotland}}</ref>
The 20-week programme on the bridge's southbound carriageway will see [[Stirling Lloyd]] fulfil all preparation, waterproofing and resurfacing work using the [[Eliminator]] bridge deck waterproofing system combined with [[Gussasphalt]], supplied by Stirling Lloyd's partners [[Aeschlimann AG]]. The project was managed by Stirling Lloyd's [[Darren Holmes (engineer)|Darren Holmes]], the improvement programme, being carried out on behalf of [[Transport Scotland]], will, once completed, give the bridge deck surfacing a predicted life expectancy of over 30 years.


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.scottishroadsarchive.org/kessock-bridge Scottish Roads Archive - The Kessock Bridge]
* [http://neil.fraser.name/writing/bridges/kessock.html Bridges of Inverness: Kessock Bridge]
* [http://neil.fraser.name/writing/bridges/kessock.html Bridges of Inverness: Kessock Bridge]
* [https://www.polymer.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/1.1.3-Eliminator-Datasheet.pdf Eliminator-Datasheet]


[[Category:Bridges completed in 1982]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1982]]
Line 58: Line 65:
[[Category:Black Isle]]
[[Category:Black Isle]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Inverness]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Inverness]]
[[Category:Category B listed buildings in Highland (council area)]]
[[Category:Listed bridges in Scotland]]

Latest revision as of 00:51, 10 November 2024

Kessock Bridge
Coordinates57°29′58″N 4°13′48″W / 57.499448°N 4.229976°W / 57.499448; -4.229976
CarriesA9 road
CrossesBeauly Firth
LocaleInverness, Scotland
Characteristics
DesignCable-stayed bridge
Total length1,056 metres (3,465 ft)
Longest span240 metres (787 ft)
History
Opened6 August 1982 by The Queen Mother
Location
Map
Evening at Kessock Bridge

The Kessock Bridge (Scottish Gaelic: Drochaid Cheasaig)[1] carries the A9 trunk road across the Beauly Firth at Inverness, Scotland.

Description

[edit]

The Kessock Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge across the Beauly Firth, an inlet of the Moray Firth, between the village of North Kessock and the city of Inverness in the Scottish Highlands.

The bridge has a total length of 1,056 metres (3,465 ft) with a main span of 240 metres (787 ft). Designed by German engineer Hellmut Homberg [de] and built by Cleveland Bridge,[2][3][4] it is similar to a bridge across the Rhine in Düsseldorf. The Beauly Firth is a navigable waterway and hence the bridge is raised high over sea level. The four bridge towers dominate the Inverness skyline, especially at night when they are lit.

The bridge carries the A9 trunk road north from Inverness to the Black Isle. It is the southernmost of the "Three Firths" crossings (Beauly, Cromarty and Dornoch) which has transformed road transport in the Highlands. It has proved a key factor in the growth of the city of Inverness.

To protect against any potential seismic activity of the Great Glen Fault, the bridge includes seismic buffers in its construction. These buffers are at the north abutment, nearly over the line of the fault, and they supplement longitudinal restraint at Pier 7, the south main pier. Each buffer is just over 3 metres (9 ft 10 in) long and weighs about 2.5 tonnes (2.8 short tons).[5]

On the south side of the bridge is the Caledonian Stadium, home of Inverness Caledonian Thistle.

Incidents

[edit]

The bridge has been the focus of mental health concerns in recent years involving people at serious risk of harm and potential suicides. In 2022 police were called to 203 such incidents, the highest in five years. Fewer callouts to any previous incidents had happened in years before that; 120 occurred in 2021, 69 in 2020, 85 in 2019 and 78 in 2018. The incidents have caused the bridge to be closed many times with traffic becoming heavy whilst they divert through local routes such as through Beauly. There have been calls for safety improvements to the bridge to prevent incidents.[6]

History

[edit]

Prior to August 1982, travellers north of Inverness had the choice of the Kessock Ferry or a 20 mile journey via Beauly. Cleveland Bridge were awarded the £17.5 million contract in 1975 (equivalent to £185,420,000 in 2023).[7][8] Construction on the bridge began in 1978, with completion and opening in 1982.[9] It won the combined design and construction Saltire Society 1982 Civil Engineering Award in 1983.[10][11]

Transport Scotland estimated in 2012 that 30,000 vehicles per day were using the bridge.[9]

Since 2007, the 25th anniversary of its opening, the Kessock Bridge has featured on the obverse of the £100 note issued by the Bank of Scotland. The series of notes commemorates Scottish engineering achievements with illustrations of bridges in Scotland such as the Glenfinnan Viaduct and the Forth Bridge.[12]

The bridge's northbound carriageway was resurfaced between February and June 2013,[13] followed by the southbound carriageway between February and June 2014.[14] Both programmes of work were performed by Stirling Lloyd Construction Limited using their "Eliminator" bridge deck waterproofing system in combination with Aeschlimann AG's Gussasphalt [de] impermeable surfacing material.[14][15] The new surface is guaranteed by the contractors for a period of 10 years, with a prediction that it will extend the life of the bridge by 10 to 20 years beyond that.[14]

In 2019, the bridge was awarded a Category B listed status by Historic Environment Scotland.[16]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Maclean, Roddy (2004). The Gaelic Place Names and Heritage of Inverness. Inverness: Culcabock Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-9548925-0-0.
  2. ^ Pelke, Eberhard; Kurrer, Karl-Eugen (November 2012). "The art of major bridge-building - Hellmut Homberg and his contribution to multiple cable-stayed spans". Steel Construction. 5 (4): 251–265. doi:10.1002/stco.201210031. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Listed status for A9's 'quake-proof' Kessock Bridge". BBC News. 10 October 2019.
  4. ^ "Kessock Bridge opens in 1982". Inverness Courier. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Earthquakes in the Inverness Area, 1995". 24 April 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  6. ^ Glen, Louise; Findlay, Stuart (22 February 2023). "More than 200 Kessock Bridge closures in 2022 – a five-year high". Press and Journal. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  7. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  8. ^ "Kessock Bridge to open early". Glasgow Herald. 14 June 1982. p. 8. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  9. ^ a b "Kessock Bridge roadworks: £1.8m plan to ease disruption". BBC News. 18 October 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  10. ^ Johnstone, Anne (26 November 1983). "Civil Engineering gets the star treatment". Glasgow Herald. p. 8. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  11. ^ "Kessock Bridge gets the thumbs up for listing | HES".
  12. ^ "Current Banknotes : Bank of Scotland". The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
  13. ^ "Conon Bridge railway station to reopen in 2013". BBC News. 19 September 2012.
  14. ^ a b c "Case Study: Kessock Bridge" (PDF). Stirling Lloyd Construction. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  15. ^ Bottom, Hannah (3 July 2013). "Smooth solution". New Civil Engineer. EMAP Publishing. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Kessock Bridge gets the thumbs up for listing". Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
[edit]
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