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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Quett Masire
| name = Quett Masire
| image = Quett Masire detail DF-SC-85-12044.JPEG
| image = Masire 1980 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Masire in 1984
| caption = Masire in 1980
| office = 2nd [[President of Botswana]]
| office = 2nd [[President of Botswana]]
| term_start = 13 July 1980
| term_start = 13 July 1980
| term_end = 31 March 1998<br /><small>Acting to 18 July 1980
| term_end = 31 March 1998<br /><small>Acting to 18 July 1980</small>
| vicepresident = [[Lenyeletse Seretse]]<br />[[Peter Mmusi]]<br />[[Festus Mogae]]
| vicepresident = [[Lenyeletse Seretse]]<br />[[Peter Mmusi]]<br />[[Festus Mogae]]
| predecessor = [[Seretse Khama]]
| predecessor = [[Seretse Khama]]
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| predecessor3 = Position established
| predecessor3 = Position established
| successor3 = Position abolished
| successor3 = Position abolished
| birth_date = {{birth date|1926|7|24}}
| birth_name = Ketumile Quett Joni Masire
| birth_place = [[Kanye, Botswana|Kanye]], [[Bechuanaland]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|7|23}}
| birth_place = [[Kanye, Botswana|Kanye]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]]
| birthname =
| birthname =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2017|6|22|1926|7|24}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2017|6|22|1925|7|23}}
| death_place = [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]
| death_place = [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]
| nationality = Botswana
| nationality = Botswana
| party = [[Botswana Democratic Party]]
| party = [[Botswana Democratic Party]]
| spouse = [[Olebile Masire]]
| spouse = [[Gladys Olebile Masire]] (m. 1958)
| relations =
| relations =
| children = 6
| children = 6
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| residence =
| residence =
| alma_mater = Bangwaketse Reserve
| alma_mater = Bangwaketse Reserve
| profession = [[Teacher]]
| profession = Teacher
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Ketumile Quett Joni Masire''',<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIR KETUMILE QUETT JONI MASIRE|url=http://embassyofbotswana.de/en/english-sir-ketumile-quett-joni-masire/|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Embassy of Botswana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments" /> [[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]] (24 July 1926 &ndash; 22 June 2017) was the second and longest-serving [[President of Botswana]], in office from 1980 to 1998. He was honored with the Knighthood of the Grand Cross of Saint Michael and Saint George by Her Majesty the Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=5 Notable Africans Who Are Knights of the British Empire|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/orders-of-honours-africa|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EISA Botswana: Ketumile Joni Masire|url=https://www.eisa.org/wep/botleader2.htm|access-date=2021-03-28|website=www.eisa.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Padnani|first=Amisha|date=2017-06-29|title=Ketumile Masire, Who Shaped and Led a Vibrant Botswana, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/world/africa/ketumile-masire-dead-botswana-president.html|access-date=2021-03-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="WilliamsHackland1988">{{cite book|author1=G. Williams|author2=Brian Hackland|title=The dictionary of contemporary politics of Southern Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7acOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA147|year=1988|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-00245-5|pages=147–8}}</ref><ref name="Rodrik2003"/> He was a leading figure in the independence movement and then the new government, and played a crucial role in facilitating and protecting Botswana's steady financial growth and development. He stepped down in 1998 and was succeeded by [[Vice-President of Botswana|Vice-President]] [[Festus Mogae]], who became the third President of Botswana.<ref name="Rodrik2003">{{cite book|author=Dani Rodrik|title=In search of prosperity: analytic narratives on economic growth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZILOb6R86EC&pg=PA97|access-date=9 May 2013|year=2003|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-09269-0|pages=97–98}}</ref>
'''Ketumile Quett Joni Masire''',<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIR KETUMILE QUETT JONI MASIRE|url=http://embassyofbotswana.de/en/english-sir-ketumile-quett-joni-masire/|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Embassy of Botswana|language=en-US|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128133922/http://embassyofbotswana.de/en/english-sir-ketumile-quett-joni-masire/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments" /> [[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]] (23 July 1925 &ndash; 22 June 2017), was the second and longest-serving [[president of Botswana]], in office from 1980 to 1998. He was given an honorary knighthood of the Grand Cross of Saint Michael and Saint George by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] (GCMG) in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=5 Notable Africans Who Are Knights of the British Empire|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/orders-of-honours-africa|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EISA Botswana: Ketumile Joni Masire|url=https://www.eisa.org/wep/botleader2.htm|access-date=2021-03-28|website=www.eisa.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Padnani|first=Amisha|author-link=Amy Padnani|date=2017-06-29|title=Ketumile Masire, Who Shaped and Led a Vibrant Botswana, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/world/africa/ketumile-masire-dead-botswana-president.html|access-date=2021-03-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="WilliamsHackland1988">{{cite book|author1=G. Williams|author2=Brian Hackland|title=The dictionary of contemporary politics of Southern Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7acOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA147|year=1988|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-00245-5|pages=147–8}}</ref><ref name="Rodrik2003"/>
He was a leading figure in the independence movement and then the new government, and played a crucial role in facilitating and protecting Botswana's steady financial growth and development. He stepped down in 1998 and was succeeded by [[Vice-President of Botswana|Vice-President]] [[Festus Mogae]], who became the third president of Botswana.<ref name="Rodrik2003">{{cite book|author=Dani Rodrik|title=In search of prosperity: analytic narratives on economic growth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZILOb6R86EC&pg=PA97|access-date=9 May 2013|year=2003|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-09269-0|pages=97–98}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Masire was born on 24 July 1926 in [[Kanye, Botswana|Kanye]], [[Botswana]]<ref>{{cite book |last=M. Lentz |first=Harris |date=4 February 2014 |title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&q=Quett+Ketumile+Joni+Masire&pg=PA103 |publisher=Routledge |page=103 |isbn=9781134264902 }}</ref><ref name="Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NegjAQAAIAAJ |title=Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments |last=Clements |first=John |publisher=Political Research, Incorporated |year=1998 |volume=13 |page=72}}</ref> into a cattle-herding family to Gaipone (née Kgopo) and Joni Masire.<ref name="The International Who's Who 2004">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR4Ch1dMe8IC&pg=PA1103 |title=The International Who's Who 2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2003 |isbn=9781857432176 |page=1103}}</ref><ref name="Sir Ketumile Masire: commemorative brochure">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfkvAQAAIAAJ&q=%22The+first+born+son+of+Joni+Masire+and+his+wife+Gaipone+(nee+Kgopo)%2C%22 |title=Sir Ketumile Masire: commemorative brochure |last=Ramsay |first=Jeff |year=1998 |page=15}}</ref> He grew up in a community where male commoners, such as himself, were expected to become low-paid migrant labourers in the mines of [[apartheid]] [[South Africa]]. From an early age Masire set himself apart through academic achievement. After graduating at the top of his class at the Kanye school, he won himself a scholarship to further his education at the [[Tiger Kloof|Tiger Kloof Educational Institute]] in [[South Africa]].<ref name=":0" />
Masire was born on 23 July 1925 in [[Kanye, Botswana|Kanye]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]],<ref>{{cite book |last=M. Lentz |first=Harris |date=4 February 2014 |title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&q=Quett+Ketumile+Joni+Masire&pg=PA103 |publisher=Routledge |page=103 |isbn=9781134264902 }}</ref><ref name="Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NegjAQAAIAAJ |title=Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments |last=Clements |first=John |publisher=Political Research, Incorporated |year=1998 |volume=13 |page=72}}</ref> into a cattle-herding family to Gaipone (née Kgopo) and Joni Masire.<ref name="The International Who's Who 2004">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR4Ch1dMe8IC&pg=PA1103 |title=The International Who's Who 2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2003 |isbn=9781857432176 |page=1103}}</ref><ref name="Sir Ketumile Masire: commemorative brochure">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfkvAQAAIAAJ&q=%22The+first+born+son+of+Joni+Masire+and+his+wife+Gaipone+(nee+Kgopo)%2C%22 |title=Sir Ketumile Masire: commemorative brochure |last=Ramsay |first=Jeff |year=1998 |page=15}}</ref> He grew up at a time when there was not much economic activity in the country other than being a lowly-paid migrant labourers in the mines of [[apartheid]] [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]. From an early age Masire set himself apart through academic achievement. After graduating at the top of his class at the Kanye school, he won himself a scholarship to further his education at the [[Tiger Kloof Educational Institute]] in South Africa.<ref name=":0" />


In 1950, after graduating from Tiger Kloof, Masire helped found the Seepapitso II Secondary School, the first institution of higher learning in the Bangwaketse Reserve.<ref name=monitor>{{cite news|url= http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=7&aid=1101&dir=2011/February/Monday21 |title=Masire's The African Democrat premiers at maitisong |first= Baboki|last=Kayawe|work=The Monitor |date= 21 February 2011 |access-date=9 May 2013}}</ref> He served as the school's headmaster for about six years.<ref name=monitor/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Quett Ketumile Masire|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/quett-ketumile-masire|access-date=2021-06-01|website=biography.yourdictionary.com}}</ref> During this period he clashed with Bathoen II, the autocratic [[Bangwaketse]] ruler.<ref name=":1" /> Resenting Bathoen's many petty interferences in school affairs, Masire, working through the revived Bechuanaland African Teachers Association, became an advocate for the autonomy of protectorate schools from chiefly authority.<ref name=":0" />
In 1950, after graduating from Tiger Kloof, Masire helped found the Seepapitso II Secondary School, the first institution of higher learning in the [[Bangwaketse]] Reserve.<ref name=monitor>{{cite news|url= http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=7&aid=1101&dir=2011/February/Monday21 |title=Masire's The African Democrat premiers at maitisong |first= Baboki|last=Kayawe|work=The Monitor |date= 21 February 2011 |access-date=9 May 2013}}</ref> He served as the school's headmaster for about six years.<ref name=monitor/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Quett Ketumile Masire|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/quett-ketumile-masire|access-date=2021-06-01|website=biography.yourdictionary.com}}</ref> During this period he clashed with [[Bathoen Gaseitsiwe|Bathoen II]], the autocratic Bangwaketse ruler.<ref name=":1" /> Resenting Bathoen's many petty interferences in school affairs, Masire, working through the revived Bechuanaland African Teachers Association, became an advocate for the autonomy of protectorate schools from chiefly authority.<ref name=":0" />


In 1957, Masire earned a Master Farmers Certificate and established himself as one of the territory's leading agriculturalists. His success led to renewed conflict with the jealous Bathoen, who seized his farms as a penalty for the supposed infraction of fencing [[communal land]].<ref name=":1" />
In 1957, Masire earned a Master Farmers Certificate and established himself as one of the territory's leading agriculturalists. His success led to renewed conflict with the jealous Bathoen, who seized his farms as a penalty for the supposed infraction of fencing [[communal land]].<ref name=":1" />
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In 1958, Masire was appointed as the protectorate reporter for the ''African Echo/Naledi ya Botswana'' newspaper.<ref name=":0" /> He was also elected to the newly reformed Bangwaketse Tribal Council and after 1960, the protectorate-wide African and Legislative Councils. Although he attended the first Kanye meeting of the People's Party, the earliest nationalist grouping to enjoy a mass following in the territory, he declined to join the movement.
In 1958, Masire was appointed as the protectorate reporter for the ''African Echo/Naledi ya Botswana'' newspaper.<ref name=":0" /> He was also elected to the newly reformed Bangwaketse Tribal Council and after 1960, the protectorate-wide African and Legislative Councils. Although he attended the first Kanye meeting of the People's Party, the earliest nationalist grouping to enjoy a mass following in the territory, he declined to join the movement.


Masire married [[Gladys Olebile Masire]] in 1958. Sir Quett and Lady Masire had six children.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Fred|last2=Ramsay|first2=Jeff|last3=Themba Mgadla|first3=Part|title=Historical Dictionary of Botswana|date=2008|isbn=9780810854673|page=208|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUwlAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA208 |access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
Masire married [[Gladys Olebile Masire]] in 1958. Sir Quett and Lady Masire had six children.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Fred|last2=Ramsay|first2=Jeff|last3=Themba Mgadla|first3=Part|title=Historical Dictionary of Botswana|date=2008|isbn=9780810854673|page=208|publisher=Scarecrow Press |edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUwlAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA208 |access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>


==Politics and governance==
==Politics and governance==
[[File:Botswana Independence Talks, 1965 - 2.png|thumb|left|Masire (front left) with [[Seretse Khama]] during Botswana's independence talks in 1965]]

In 1961, Masire helped found the [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP). He was instrumental in the formation of the party, and served as its first secretary-general.<ref name="WilliamsHackland1988"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2017-07-18|title=Ketumile Masire obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/18/ketumile-masire-obituary|access-date=2021-06-01|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
In 1961, Masire helped found the [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP). He was instrumental in the formation of the party, and served as its first secretary-general.<ref name="WilliamsHackland1988"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2017-07-18|title=Ketumile Masire obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/18/ketumile-masire-obituary|access-date=2021-06-01|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>


In 1965, the Democratic Party won 28 of the 31 contested seats in the new Legislative Assembly, giving it a clear mandate to lead Botswana to independence. He was elected to the National Assembly in March 1965 and became Deputy Prime Minister in 1966. Masire became the new nation's Vice-President, serving under [[Seretse Khama]], in 1966.<ref name="Rodrik2003"/> Until 1980 he also held the significant portfolios of [[Minister of Finance (Botswana)|finance]] (from 1967) and development planning (from 1967), which were formally merged in 1971.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102|title=About Us|website=Ministry of Finance}}</ref>
In March 1965, the Democratic Party [[1965 Bechuanaland general election| won 28 of the 31 contested seats]] in the new Legislative Assembly, giving it a clear mandate to lead Botswana to independence. Masire was elected to the legislature and became Deputy Prime Minister in 1966 under Prime Minister [[Seretse Khama]]. Upon independence later that year, Masire became the new nation's vice-president, under President Khama.<ref name="Rodrik2003"/> Until 1980 he also held the significant portfolios of [[Minister of Finance (Botswana)|finance]] (from 1967) and development planning (from 1967), which were formally merged in 1971.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102|title=About Us|website=Ministry of Finance}}</ref>


As a principal architect of Botswana's steady economic and infrastructural growth between 1966 and 1980, Masire earned a reputation as a highly competent technocrat. However, his local Bangwaketse political base was eroded by his old nemesis Bathoen. During the initial years of independence the Democratic Party government moved decisively to undercut many of the residual powers of the chiefs. As a result, in 1969 [[List of rulers of Ngwaketse|Bathoen II a Seêpapitsô]] abdicated, only to reemerge as the leader of the opposition National Front. This set the stage for Bathoen's local electoral victory over Masire during the same year. However, the ruling party won decisively at the national level, thus allowing Masire to maintain his position as one of the four "specially elected" members of Parliament.
As a principal architect of Botswana's steady economic and infrastructural growth between 1966 and 1980, Masire earned a reputation as a highly competent technocrat.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2018-12-06 |title=Botswana Notes and Records' Golden Jubilee Vol 50 (2018): A Special Issue on Volume in Honour of Sir Ketumile Masire |url=https://journals.ub.bw/index.php/bnr/issue/view/109 |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=50 (2018)}}</ref> However, his local Bangwaketse political base was eroded by his old nemesis Bathoen. During the initial years of independence the Democratic Party government moved decisively to undercut many of the residual powers of the chiefs. As a result, in 1969 Bathoen II a Seêpapitsô abdicated, only to reemerge as the leader of the opposition [[Botswana National Front|National Front]]. This set the stage for Bathoen's local electoral victory over Masire during the same year. However, the ruling party won decisively at the national level, thus allowing Masire to maintain his position as one of the four "specially elected" members of Parliament.


==Presidency==
==Presidency==
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Khama died on 13 July 1980, and Masire automatically became acting president per the Constitution.
Khama died on 13 July 1980, and Masire automatically became acting president per the Constitution.


Five days after Khama's death, Masire was elected as President by secret ballot at the National Assembly on 18 July 1980.<ref name="WilliamsHackland1988"/>
Five days after Khama's death, Masire was elected as president by secret ballot at the [[National Assembly of Botswana|National Assembly]] on 18 July 1980.<ref name="WilliamsHackland1988"/>
Masire's three full terms were characterised by an emphasis on developments through regional and international organisations. Masire was chairman of the [[Southern African Development Community]]<ref name="WilliamsHackland1988"/> and vice chairman of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]; he was also chairman of the Global Coalition for Africa and a member of the UN group on Africa Development.
Masire's three full terms were characterised by an emphasis on developments through regional and international organisations. Masire was chairman of the [[Southern African Development Community]]<ref name="WilliamsHackland1988"/> and vice chairman of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]; he was also chairman of the Global Coalition for Africa and a member of the UN group on Africa Development.


On 7 August 1988, while flying with his staff to a summit in [[Angola]], his executive jet was accidentally shot at by an [[Angolan Air Force]] [[MiG-23]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Tony |date=2021-03-03 |title=OBITUARY: Archibald Mogwe: Diplomat, negotiator, OBE – a useful life well lived |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-03-03-archibald-mogwe-diplomat-negotiator-obe-a-useful-life-well-lived/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> The plane was damaged and Masire was injured, but the co-pilot was able to make a successful emergency landing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880807-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-125-800A OK-1 Cutio Bie|first=Harro|last=Ranter|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/b20ba6a8d1d775d8bfa185df16e22c7d|title=Botswana Says Angolan Jet Shot Down President's Plane|website=AP NEWS}}</ref>
On 7 August 1988, while flying with his staff to a summit in [[Angola]], his executive jet was accidentally shot at by an [[Angolan Air Force]] [[MiG-23]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Tony |date=2021-03-03 |title=OBITUARY: Archibald Mogwe: Diplomat, negotiator, OBE – a useful life well lived |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-03-03-archibald-mogwe-diplomat-negotiator-obe-a-useful-life-well-lived/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> The plane was damaged and Masire was injured, but the co-pilot was able to make a successful emergency landing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880807-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-125-800A OK-1 Cutio Bie|first=Harro|last=Ranter|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/b20ba6a8d1d775d8bfa185df16e22c7d|title=Botswana Says Angolan Jet Shot Down President's Plane|website=AP NEWS}}</ref>


==Post-Presidency and death==
==Post-presidency and death==
Following his retirement in 1998, Sir Ketumile Masire was involved in numerous diplomatic initiatives in a number of African countries, including [[Ethiopia]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Ghana]] and [[Swaziland]]. Between 1998 and 2000 he served as Chairman of the International Panel of Eminent Personalities Investigating the Circumstances Surrounding the 1994 Rwanda Genocide, and between 2000–2003 was the facilitator for the Inter-Congolese National Dialogue, which had the objective of bringing about a new political dispensation for the Democratic Republic of Congo, in terms of the [[Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement]].
Following his retirement in 1998, Sir Ketumile Masire was involved in numerous diplomatic initiatives in a number of African countries, including [[Ethiopia]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Ghana]] and [[Swaziland]]. Between 1998 and 2000 he served as Chairman of the International Panel of Eminent Personalities Investigating the Circumstances Surrounding the 1994 [[Rwandan genocide]], and between 2000 and 2003 was the facilitator for the Inter-Congolese National Dialogue, which had the objective of bringing about a new political dispensation for the Democratic Republic of Congo, in terms of the [[Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement]].


In 2007, Sir Ketumile Masire set up the Sir Ketumile Masire Foundation to promote the social and economic well being of the society of Botswana. The Foundation strives to facilitate and drive efforts to promote peace, good governance and political stability internationally; assist children with disabilities from birth; and promote innovation and alternatives in agriculture.
In 2007, Sir Ketumile Masire set up the Sir Ketumile Masire Foundation to promote the social and economic well-being of the society of Botswana. The foundation strives to facilitate and drive efforts to promote peace, good governance and political stability internationally; assist children with disabilities from birth; and promote innovation and alternatives in agriculture.


During the last decade of his life, Masire became increasingly unhappy with the direction of the [[Botswana Democratic Party]] and the government of [[Ian Khama]]. Events such as the loss of about a fifth of the membership to the breakaway [[Botswana Movement for Democracy]] in 2010, and the bitter 2011 BOFEPUSU strike made him question leadership decisions. He came to conclude that the BDP had lost its original ideas, and had instead been taken over by opportunists looking to benefit from senior government positions.<ref>"President Masire's Final Message to Botswana," https://www.academia.edu/33661982/President_Masires_Final_Message_to_Botswana</ref> As a result, he became estranged from the party for the first time in his life.
During the last decade of his life, Masire became increasingly unhappy with the direction of the [[Botswana Democratic Party]] and the government of [[Ian Khama]]. Events such as the loss of about a fifth of the membership to the breakaway [[Botswana Movement for Democracy]] in 2010, and the bitter 2011 BOFEPUSU strike made him question leadership decisions. He came to conclude that the BDP had lost its original ideas, and had instead been taken over by opportunists looking to benefit from senior government positions.<ref>"President Masire's Final Message to Botswana," https://www.academia.edu/33661982/President_Masires_Final_Message_to_Botswana</ref> As a result, he became estranged from the party for the first time in his life.


Sir Ketumile is also a founding Member of the [[Global Leadership Foundation]], an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AU mourns with Botswana following death of former President Masire {{!}} African Union|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20170623/au-mourns-botswana-following-death-former-president-masire|access-date=2021-05-23|website=au.int}}</ref> It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them.
Sir Ketumile was also a founding member of the [[Global Leadership Foundation]], an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AU mourns with Botswana following death of former President Masire {{!}} African Union|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20170623/au-mourns-botswana-following-death-former-president-masire|access-date=2021-05-23|website=au.int}}</ref> It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with heads of government on governance-related issues of concern to them.


In May 2010 Sir Ketumile Masire led an African Union Election Observer Mission to the May 2010 Ethiopia Legislative Elections, and in October 2010 he co-led (with fellow GLF Member Joe Clark) a National Democratic Institute pre-election assessment mission in [[Nigeria]], which identified a number of hurdles that could undermine a successful process surrounding the 2011 state and national polls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Botswana president to mediate in dialogue with Renamo|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/former-botswana-president-to-mediate-in-dialogue-with-renamo/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=Mozambique|language=en-US}}</ref>
In May 2010 Sir Ketumile Masire led an African Union Election Observer Mission to the May [[2010 Ethiopian general election]], and in October 2010 he co-led (with fellow GLF Member [[Joe Clark]]) a [[National Democratic Institute]] pre-election assessment mission in [[Nigeria]], which identified a number of hurdles that could undermine a successful process surrounding the 2011 state and [[2011 Nigerian parliamentary election|national polls]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Botswana president to mediate in dialogue with Renamo|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/former-botswana-president-to-mediate-in-dialogue-with-renamo/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=Mozambique|language=en-US}}</ref>


He was the chancellor of the [[University of Botswana]] from 1982 to 1998.
He was the chancellor of the [[University of Botswana]] from 1982 to 1998.


Masire died at Bokamoso Hospital in [[Mmopane]], [[Botswana]], surrounded by his family, on 22 June 2017 at the age of 91. He had been hospitalized on 18 June after undergoing surgery for an unspecified reason, but his health deteriorated afterwards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/former-botswana-president-sir-ketumile-masire-dies-aged-91/|title=Former Botswana President Sir Ketumile Masire dies at aged 91|publisher=[[Independent (newspaper)|Independent]]|access-date=23 June 2017|date=23 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/ketumile-masire-botswana-president-known-as-model-leader-of-model-african-nation-dies-at-91/2017/06/24/ddab3fa4-5810-11e7-b38e-35fd8e0c288f_story.html|title=Ketumile Masire, Botswana president known as model leader of model African nation, dies at 91|work=The Washington Post|date=24 June 2017}}</ref> He was buried on the morning of Thursday 29 June 2017 in his home village Kanye, Botswana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/06/29/laughter-and-memories-fill-funeral-of-ex-botswana-president-masire/|title=Laughter and memories fill funeral of ex-Botswana President Masire|publisher=Africanews|date=29 June 2017}}</ref>
Masire died at [https://www.lenmed.co.za/hospital/bokamoso-private-hospital-lenmed/ Bokamoso Hospital] in [[Mmopane]], [[Botswana]], surrounded by his family, on 22 June 2017 at the age of 91. He had been hospitalized on 18 June after undergoing surgery for an unspecified reason, but his health deteriorated afterwards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/former-botswana-president-sir-ketumile-masire-dies-aged-91/|title=Former Botswana President Sir Ketumile Masire dies at aged 91|publisher=[[Independent (newspaper)|Independent]]|access-date=23 June 2017|date=23 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/ketumile-masire-botswana-president-known-as-model-leader-of-model-african-nation-dies-at-91/2017/06/24/ddab3fa4-5810-11e7-b38e-35fd8e0c288f_story.html|title=Ketumile Masire, Botswana president known as model leader of model African nation, dies at 91|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=24 June 2017}}</ref> He was buried on the morning of Thursday 29 June 2017 in his home village Kanye, Botswana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/06/29/laughter-and-memories-fill-funeral-of-ex-botswana-president-masire/|title=Laughter and memories fill funeral of ex-Botswana President Masire|publisher=Africanews|date=29 June 2017}}</ref>


==Honours and accolades==
==Honours and accolades==
*Three Honorary Doctorates of Law (L.L.D.) from St. John University, New York, and [[Williams College]], [[Massachusetts]], in the United States (1980), and in the [[United Kingdom]] (1988)
*Three Honorary Doctorates of Law (L.L.D.) from [[St. John's University (New York City)|St. John's University]], New York, and [[Williams College]], [[Massachusetts]], in the United States (1980), and in the United Kingdom (1988)
*Two Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from [[Ohio University]] (1988), and [[DePaul University]] (1994) in the United States.
*Two Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from [[Ohio University]] (1988), and [[DePaul University]] (1994) in the United States.
*Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger (1988)
*Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger (1988)
Line 95: Line 98:
*Honorary Knighthood of the Grand Cross of Saint Michael and Saint George (GCMG), UK (1990)
*Honorary Knighthood of the Grand Cross of Saint Michael and Saint George (GCMG), UK (1990)
*Namibia's Order of the Welwitschia (1995)
*Namibia's Order of the Welwitschia (1995)
*Free Market Award from the [[Free Market Foundation]] of South Africa (2000)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/news/2017/06/29/sir-ketumile-masire/|title=Sir Ketumile Masire, Nelson Mandela and the Free Market Foundation - CNBC Africa|date=2017-06-29|work=CNBC Africa|access-date=2017-06-30|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Free Market Award from the [[Free Market Foundation]] of South Africa (2000)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/news/2017/06/29/sir-ketumile-masire/|title=Sir Ketumile Masire, Nelson Mandela and the Free Market Foundation - CNBC Africa|date=2017-06-29|work=CNBC Africa|access-date=2017-06-30|language=en-US|archive-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116050044/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/news/2017/06/29/sir-ketumile-masire/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[https://www.ub.bw/sir-ketumile-masire-teaching-hospital Sir Ketumile Masire Hospital] named after the second president of Botswana


==References==
==References==
Line 101: Line 105:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
Masire, Quett Ketumile Joni and Stephen R. Lewis Jr. (ed.), ''Very Brave or Very Foolish: Memoirs of an African Democrat'' (2008). Palgrave Macmillan.
* Masire, Quett Ketumile Joni and Stephen R. Lewis Jr. (ed.), ''Very Brave or Very Foolish: Memoirs of an African Democrat'' (2008). Palgrave Macmillan. <!-- ISSN/ISBN needed -->


==External links==
==External links==
Line 118: Line 122:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Masire, Quett}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Masire, Quett}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
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[[Category:Botswana independence activists]]
[[Category:Botswana independence activists]]
[[Category:Botswana educators]]
[[Category:Botswana educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Botswana politicians]]

Latest revision as of 02:42, 10 November 2024

Quett Masire
Masire in 1980
2nd President of Botswana
In office
13 July 1980 – 31 March 1998
Acting to 18 July 1980
Vice PresidentLenyeletse Seretse
Peter Mmusi
Festus Mogae
Preceded bySeretse Khama
Succeeded byFestus Mogae
1st Vice-President of Botswana
In office
30 September 1966 – 13 July 1980
PresidentSeretse Khama
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byLenyeletse Seretse
1st Vice Prime Minister of Botswana
In office
3 March 1965 – 30 September 1966
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Personal details
Born
Ketumile Quett Joni Masire

(1925-07-23)July 23, 1925
Kanye, Bechuanaland Protectorate
DiedJune 22, 2017(2017-06-22) (aged 91)
Gaborone, Botswana
NationalityBotswana
Political partyBotswana Democratic Party
SpouseGladys Olebile Masire (m. 1958)
Children6
Alma materBangwaketse Reserve
ProfessionTeacher

Ketumile Quett Joni Masire,[1][2] GCMG (23 July 1925 – 22 June 2017), was the second and longest-serving president of Botswana, in office from 1980 to 1998. He was given an honorary knighthood of the Grand Cross of Saint Michael and Saint George by Queen Elizabeth II (GCMG) in 1991.[3][4][5][6][7]

He was a leading figure in the independence movement and then the new government, and played a crucial role in facilitating and protecting Botswana's steady financial growth and development. He stepped down in 1998 and was succeeded by Vice-President Festus Mogae, who became the third president of Botswana.[7]

Early life

[edit]

Masire was born on 23 July 1925 in Kanye, Bechuanaland Protectorate,[8][2] into a cattle-herding family to Gaipone (née Kgopo) and Joni Masire.[9][10] He grew up at a time when there was not much economic activity in the country other than being a lowly-paid migrant labourers in the mines of apartheid South Africa. From an early age Masire set himself apart through academic achievement. After graduating at the top of his class at the Kanye school, he won himself a scholarship to further his education at the Tiger Kloof Educational Institute in South Africa.[11]

In 1950, after graduating from Tiger Kloof, Masire helped found the Seepapitso II Secondary School, the first institution of higher learning in the Bangwaketse Reserve.[12] He served as the school's headmaster for about six years.[12][13] During this period he clashed with Bathoen II, the autocratic Bangwaketse ruler.[13] Resenting Bathoen's many petty interferences in school affairs, Masire, working through the revived Bechuanaland African Teachers Association, became an advocate for the autonomy of protectorate schools from chiefly authority.[11]

In 1957, Masire earned a Master Farmers Certificate and established himself as one of the territory's leading agriculturalists. His success led to renewed conflict with the jealous Bathoen, who seized his farms as a penalty for the supposed infraction of fencing communal land.[13]

In 1958, Masire was appointed as the protectorate reporter for the African Echo/Naledi ya Botswana newspaper.[11] He was also elected to the newly reformed Bangwaketse Tribal Council and after 1960, the protectorate-wide African and Legislative Councils. Although he attended the first Kanye meeting of the People's Party, the earliest nationalist grouping to enjoy a mass following in the territory, he declined to join the movement.

Masire married Gladys Olebile Masire in 1958. Sir Quett and Lady Masire had six children.[14]

Politics and governance

[edit]
Masire (front left) with Seretse Khama during Botswana's independence talks in 1965

In 1961, Masire helped found the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP). He was instrumental in the formation of the party, and served as its first secretary-general.[6][11]

In March 1965, the Democratic Party won 28 of the 31 contested seats in the new Legislative Assembly, giving it a clear mandate to lead Botswana to independence. Masire was elected to the legislature and became Deputy Prime Minister in 1966 under Prime Minister Seretse Khama. Upon independence later that year, Masire became the new nation's vice-president, under President Khama.[7] Until 1980 he also held the significant portfolios of finance (from 1967) and development planning (from 1967), which were formally merged in 1971.[15]

As a principal architect of Botswana's steady economic and infrastructural growth between 1966 and 1980, Masire earned a reputation as a highly competent technocrat.[16] However, his local Bangwaketse political base was eroded by his old nemesis Bathoen. During the initial years of independence the Democratic Party government moved decisively to undercut many of the residual powers of the chiefs. As a result, in 1969 Bathoen II a Seêpapitsô abdicated, only to reemerge as the leader of the opposition National Front. This set the stage for Bathoen's local electoral victory over Masire during the same year. However, the ruling party won decisively at the national level, thus allowing Masire to maintain his position as one of the four "specially elected" members of Parliament.

Presidency

[edit]
Quett Masire departing after a state visit to the United States in 1984.

Khama died on 13 July 1980, and Masire automatically became acting president per the Constitution.

Five days after Khama's death, Masire was elected as president by secret ballot at the National Assembly on 18 July 1980.[6] Masire's three full terms were characterised by an emphasis on developments through regional and international organisations. Masire was chairman of the Southern African Development Community[6] and vice chairman of the Organisation of African Unity; he was also chairman of the Global Coalition for Africa and a member of the UN group on Africa Development.

On 7 August 1988, while flying with his staff to a summit in Angola, his executive jet was accidentally shot at by an Angolan Air Force MiG-23.[17] The plane was damaged and Masire was injured, but the co-pilot was able to make a successful emergency landing.[18][19]

Post-presidency and death

[edit]

Following his retirement in 1998, Sir Ketumile Masire was involved in numerous diplomatic initiatives in a number of African countries, including Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Ghana and Swaziland. Between 1998 and 2000 he served as Chairman of the International Panel of Eminent Personalities Investigating the Circumstances Surrounding the 1994 Rwandan genocide, and between 2000 and 2003 was the facilitator for the Inter-Congolese National Dialogue, which had the objective of bringing about a new political dispensation for the Democratic Republic of Congo, in terms of the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement.

In 2007, Sir Ketumile Masire set up the Sir Ketumile Masire Foundation to promote the social and economic well-being of the society of Botswana. The foundation strives to facilitate and drive efforts to promote peace, good governance and political stability internationally; assist children with disabilities from birth; and promote innovation and alternatives in agriculture.

During the last decade of his life, Masire became increasingly unhappy with the direction of the Botswana Democratic Party and the government of Ian Khama. Events such as the loss of about a fifth of the membership to the breakaway Botswana Movement for Democracy in 2010, and the bitter 2011 BOFEPUSU strike made him question leadership decisions. He came to conclude that the BDP had lost its original ideas, and had instead been taken over by opportunists looking to benefit from senior government positions.[20] As a result, he became estranged from the party for the first time in his life.

Sir Ketumile was also a founding member of the Global Leadership Foundation, an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law.[21] It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with heads of government on governance-related issues of concern to them.

In May 2010 Sir Ketumile Masire led an African Union Election Observer Mission to the May 2010 Ethiopian general election, and in October 2010 he co-led (with fellow GLF Member Joe Clark) a National Democratic Institute pre-election assessment mission in Nigeria, which identified a number of hurdles that could undermine a successful process surrounding the 2011 state and national polls.[22]

He was the chancellor of the University of Botswana from 1982 to 1998.

Masire died at Bokamoso Hospital in Mmopane, Botswana, surrounded by his family, on 22 June 2017 at the age of 91. He had been hospitalized on 18 June after undergoing surgery for an unspecified reason, but his health deteriorated afterwards.[23][24] He was buried on the morning of Thursday 29 June 2017 in his home village Kanye, Botswana.[25]

Honours and accolades

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "SIR KETUMILE QUETT JONI MASIRE". Embassy of Botswana. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  2. ^ a b Clements, John (1998). Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments. Vol. 13. Political Research, Incorporated. p. 72.
  3. ^ "5 Notable Africans Who Are Knights of the British Empire". Face2Face Africa. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  4. ^ "EISA Botswana: Ketumile Joni Masire". www.eisa.org. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  5. ^ Padnani, Amisha (29 June 2017). "Ketumile Masire, Who Shaped and Led a Vibrant Botswana, Dies at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d G. Williams; Brian Hackland (1988). The dictionary of contemporary politics of Southern Africa. Taylor & Francis. pp. 147–8. ISBN 978-0-415-00245-5.
  7. ^ a b c Dani Rodrik (2003). In search of prosperity: analytic narratives on economic growth. Princeton University Press. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-0-691-09269-0. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  8. ^ M. Lentz, Harris (4 February 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 9781134264902.
  9. ^ The International Who's Who 2004. Psychology Press. 2003. p. 1103. ISBN 9781857432176.
  10. ^ Ramsay, Jeff (1998). Sir Ketumile Masire: commemorative brochure. p. 15.
  11. ^ a b c d "Ketumile Masire obituary". the Guardian. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  12. ^ a b Kayawe, Baboki (21 February 2011). "Masire's The African Democrat premiers at maitisong". The Monitor. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  13. ^ a b c "Quett Ketumile Masire". biography.yourdictionary.com. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  14. ^ Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Themba Mgadla, Part (2008). Historical Dictionary of Botswana (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 208. ISBN 9780810854673. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  15. ^ "About Us". Ministry of Finance.
  16. ^ "Botswana Notes and Records' Golden Jubilee Vol 50 (2018): A Special Issue on Volume in Honour of Sir Ketumile Masire". Botswana Notes and Records. 50 (2018). 6 December 2018.
  17. ^ Carroll, Tony (3 March 2021). "OBITUARY: Archibald Mogwe: Diplomat, negotiator, OBE – a useful life well lived". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  18. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-125-800A OK-1 Cutio Bie". aviation-safety.net.
  19. ^ "Botswana Says Angolan Jet Shot Down President's Plane". AP NEWS.
  20. ^ "President Masire's Final Message to Botswana," https://www.academia.edu/33661982/President_Masires_Final_Message_to_Botswana
  21. ^ "AU mourns with Botswana following death of former President Masire | African Union". au.int. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  22. ^ "Former Botswana president to mediate in dialogue with Renamo". Mozambique. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  23. ^ "Former Botswana President Sir Ketumile Masire dies at aged 91". Independent. 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  24. ^ "Ketumile Masire, Botswana president known as model leader of model African nation, dies at 91". The Washington Post. 24 June 2017.
  25. ^ "Laughter and memories fill funeral of ex-Botswana President Masire". Africanews. 29 June 2017.
  26. ^ "Sir Ketumile Masire, Nelson Mandela and the Free Market Foundation - CNBC Africa". CNBC Africa. 29 June 2017. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2017.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Masire, Quett Ketumile Joni and Stephen R. Lewis Jr. (ed.), Very Brave or Very Foolish: Memoirs of an African Democrat (2008). Palgrave Macmillan.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by
New office
 Vice-President of Botswana
1966–1980 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Botswana
1980–1998 		Succeeded by


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