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{{Short description|Limited-access toll highway in the National Capital Region and Calabarzon, Philippines}}
{{Short description|Highway under construction in the Philippines}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{infobox road
{{infobox road
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| alternate_name = Skyway Stage 4 <br /> C6 Expressway
| alternate_name = Skyway Stage 4 <br /> C6 Expressway
| map = Southeast Metro Manila Interchange.png
| map = Southeast Metro Manila Interchange.png
| image = Southeast Metro Manila Expressway C-5 Exit (8-12-22).jpg
| image_notes = Construction along [[Circumferential Road 5#Carlos P. Garcia Avenue|Carlos P. Garcia Avenue (C-5)]] in [[Taguig]] as of August 2022
| length_mi =
| length_mi =
| length_km = 32.664
| length_km = 32.664
| length_round = 1
| length_round = 1
| length_ref =<ref name=DPWHPPPSEMME />
| length_ref =<ref name=DPWHPPPSEMME />
| maint = SMC Skyway Stage 4 Corporation<ref name="smc_sec">{{cite web|url=https://www.sanmiguel.com.ph/files/reports/SMC-SEC_FORM_17A_04.16_.2021_-FINAL_.pdf|title=PART I – BUSINESS AND GENERAL INFORMATION|website=San Miguel Corporation|access-date=April 30, 2021}}</ref>
| maint = SMC Skyway Stage 4 Corporation<ref name="smc_sec">{{cite web|url=https://www.sanmiguel.com.ph/files/reports/SMC-SEC_FORM_17A_04.16_.2021_-FINAL_.pdf|title=PART I – BUSINESS AND GENERAL INFORMATION|website=San Miguel Corporation|access-date=April 30, 2021|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430034215/https://www.sanmiguel.com.ph/files/reports/SMC-SEC_FORM_17A_04.16_.2021_-FINAL_.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| established =
| established =
| allocation = {{Jct|country=PHL|E|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/gis/rbi|title=Road and Bridge Inventory|website=Department of Public Works and Highways|accessdate=January 31, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2019%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/02%20NCR.htm|title=NCR|website=Department of Public Works and Highways|accessdate=January 31, 2021}}</ref>
| allocation = {{Jct|country=PHL|E|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/gis/rbi|title=Road and Bridge Inventory|website=Department of Public Works and Highways|accessdate=January 31, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2019%20DPWH%20ATLAS/Road%20Data%202016/02%20NCR.htm|title=NCR|website=Department of Public Works and Highways|accessdate=January 31, 2021}}</ref>
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| direction_b = North
| direction_b = North
| terminus_b = [[Batasan Road]] in [[Quezon City]]
| terminus_b = [[Batasan Road]] in [[Quezon City]]
| cities = {{hlist | [[Taguig]] | [[Antipolo]] | [[Quezon City]] }}
| cities = {{hlist | [[Antipolo]] | [[Marikina]] | [[Pasig]] | [[Quezon City]] | [[Taguig]]}}
| towns = {{hlist | [[Taytay, Rizal|Taytay]] | [[San Mateo, Rizal|San Mateo]] }}
| towns = {{hlist | [[Cainta]] | [[San Mateo, Rizal |San Mateo]] | [[Taytay, Rizal|Taytay]]}}
}}
}}


The '''Southeast Metro Manila Expressway''' ('''SEMME'''), also known as '''[[Skyway (Metro Manila)|Skyway]] Stage 4''', '''C-6 Expressway''' and formerly as '''Metro Manila Expressway''',<!-- and '''Skyway Stage 4''',<ref name=yt >https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uytbWBgEgU</ref>{{dead link|date=May 2019}} --> is an under construction<ref>{{cite news |url=http://business.inquirer.net/243725/breaking-smcs-south-east-metro-manila-expressway-project-begins|title=SMC's South East Metro Manila Expressway project begins |author=Camus, Miguel R. |access-date=May 5, 2018 |date=January 8, 2018 |work=Inquirer.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/193176-san-miguel-southeast-metro-manila-expressway-construction-groundbreaking |title=San Miguel to start building Southeast Metro Manila Expressway in April |work=Rappler |access-date=May 5, 2018 |date=January 8, 2018 |author=Dela Paz, Chrisee |language=en}}</ref> {{convert|32.664|km|mi|sp=us|adj=on}}<ref name=DPWHPPPSEMME>{{cite web|title=SOUTHEAST METRO MANILA EXPRESSWAY (C6) PROJECT
The '''Southeast Metro Manila Expressway''' ('''SEMME'''), also known as '''[[Skyway (Metro Manila)|Skyway]] Stage 4''', '''C-6 Expressway''' and formerly '''Metro Manila Expressway''',<!-- and '''Skyway Stage 4''',<ref name=yt >https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uytbWBgEgU {{Dead link|date=May 2019}}</ref> --> is an on-hold<ref>{{cite news |url=http://business.inquirer.net/243725/breaking-smcs-south-east-metro-manila-expressway-project-begins|title=SMC's South East Metro Manila Expressway project begins |author=Camus, Miguel R. |access-date=May 5, 2018 |date=January 8, 2018 |work=Inquirer.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/193176-san-miguel-southeast-metro-manila-expressway-construction-groundbreaking |title=San Miguel to start building Southeast Metro Manila Expressway in April |work=Rappler |access-date=May 5, 2018 |date=January 8, 2018 |author=Dela Paz, Chrisee |language=en}}</ref> {{convert|32.664|km|mi|sp=us|adj=on}}<ref name=DPWHPPPSEMME>{{cite web|title=SOUTHEAST METRO MANILA EXPRESSWAY (C6) PROJECT
|url=https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/PPP/projs/MME|publisher=Department of Public Works and Highways|access-date=February 24, 2021}}</ref> tolled expressway running across eastern [[Metro Manila]] and western [[Rizal]]. The expressway will help decongest the existing roadways across Metro Manila, such as [[EDSA]] and [[Circumferential Road 5]]. The expressway is part of the larger [[Circumferential Road 6|C-6 Expressway]] project.
|url=https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/PPP/projs/MME|publisher=Department of Public Works and Highways|access-date=February 24, 2021}}</ref> tolled expressway running across eastern [[Metro Manila]] and western [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]. The expressway will help decongest the existing roadways across Metro Manila, such as [[EDSA]] and [[Circumferential Road 5]]. The expressway is part of the larger [[Circumferential Road 6]] project, expanding from the original C-6 currently passing from General Santos Avenue in Taguig up to Highway 2000 (Phase 1) in Taytay, will expand to Cainta, Pasig, Marikina, San Mateo, and in Quezon City.


The expressway will begin at the [[Skyway (Metro Manila)|Skyway]] near [[Food Terminal, Inc.|FTI]] (now [[Arca South]]), [[Taguig]], and will end at the [[Batasang Pambansa Complex]] in [[Quezon City]]. It will also connect to the [[North Luzon Expressway]] (NLEx) in [[Balagtas, Bulacan|Balagtas]], [[Bulacan]].<ref name=CNNPhGroundbreaking/>
The expressway will begin at the [[Skyway (Metro Manila)|Skyway]] near [[Food Terminal, Inc.|FTI]] (now [[Arca South]]), [[Taguig]], and end at the [[Batasang Pambansa Complex]] in [[Quezon City]]. It will also connect to the [[North Luzon Expressway]] (NLEx) in [[Balagtas, Bulacan|Balagtas]], [[Bulacan]].<ref name="CNNPhGroundbreaking">{{cite news |date=January 8, 2018 |title=DOTr break ground on South East Metro Manila Expressway project |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/transportation/2018/01/08/DOTr-break-ground-on-South-East-Metro-Manila-Expressway-project.html1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214010120/http://cnnphilippines.com/transportation/2018/01/08/DOTr-break-ground-on-South-East-Metro-Manila-Expressway-project.html1 |archive-date=February 14, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2018 |work=CNN Philippines}}</ref>[[File:SEMME works along Carlos P. Garcia Avenue 2021-02-14.jpg|thumb|right|The construction works of SEMME along [[Circumferential Road 5#Carlos P. Garcia Avenue|Carlos P. Garcia Avenue (C-5 Road)]] in February 2021]]

Groundbreaking ceremony of the project was held on January 8, 2018.<ref name=CNNPhGroundbreaking>{{cite news |title=DOTr break ground on South East Metro Manila Expressway project |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/transportation/2018/01/08/DOTr-break-ground-on-South-East-Metro-Manila-Expressway-project.html1 |date=January 8, 2018 |work=CNN Philippines |access-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214010120/http://cnnphilippines.com/transportation/2018/01/08/DOTr-break-ground-on-South-East-Metro-Manila-Expressway-project.html1 |archive-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref>
[[File:SEMME works along Carlos P. Garcia Avenue 2021-02-14.jpg|thumb|right|The construction works of the Southeast Metro Manila Expressway along [[Circumferential Road 5#Carlos P. Garcia Avenue|Carlos P. Garcia Avenue (C-5 Road)]] in February 2021.]]


The entire expressway will be a spur component of '''Expressway 2''' ('''E2''') of the [[Philippine expressway network]].
The entire expressway will be a spur component of '''Expressway 2''' ('''E2''') of the [[Philippine expressway network]].

== History ==
In 1945, the Metropolitan Thoroughfare Plan was submitted by [[Quezon City]] planners Louis Croft and Antonio Kayanan, which proposed the laying of 10 radial roads to convey traffic in and out of the city of [[Manila]] to the surrounding cities and provinces and the completion of six circumferential roads that will act as [[Ring road|beltways]] of the city, forming altogether a web-like [[arterial road]] system, including the sixth circumferential road, which runs from [[Meycauayan]] to [[Las Piñas|Las Pinas]]. In 1973, it was proposed in the Urban Transportation Study in Manila Metropolitan Area (UTSMMA) that a highway be constructed between [[Navotas]] and Las Pinas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1973 |title=URBAN TRANSPORT STUDY IN MANILA METROPOLITAN AREA |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/10467439.pdf |website=www.jica.go.jp}}</ref>

In 1983, under the administration of President [[Ferdinand Marcos]], it was proposed that the highway would be a [[Toll road|tolled expressway]] known as the Metro Manila Expressway (MME), and the route would begin at the [[North Luzon Expressway]] in Meycauayan and end at the [[South Luzon Expressway]] in Bicutan, [[Parañaque|Paranaque]]. The total length is approximately 44.570 km. The plan was undertaken by the [[Philippine National Construction Corporation]] (PNCC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1894 |url=https://pncc.ph/LINKS/PD%201894.pdf |access-date=June 13, 2024 |website=PNCC}}</ref> The proposal was revived in 1993 when PNCC signed an agreement to build the expressway with the Indonesian PT Citra Lamtoro Gung Persada (CITRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manila Standard - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=smYVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FwsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6611,3520889 |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=news.google.com}}</ref>

The agreement was supplemented on February 14, 1994, with a related undertaking by CITRA. CITRA was to provide a preliminary feasibility study on the [[Metro Manila Skyway|Metro Manila Skyways]] (MMS) project, a system of elevated roadway networks passing through the heart of the Metropolitan Manila area. To accelerate the actual implementation of both the MME and the MMS projects, PNCC and CITRA entered into a second agreement. Through that agreement, CITRA committed to finance and undertake the preparation, updating, and revalidation of previous studies on the construction, operation, and maintenance of the projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=G.R. No. 181293 |url=https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/feb2015/gr_181293_2015.html}}</ref> According to the CITRA proposal, the planned alignment was to have 38.4 kilometers from Meycauayan to Bicutan, the same route as the 1983 plan, while the remaining segments leading to [[San Pedro, Laguna|San Pedro]] were 18 kilometers and 19 kilometers to [[Cavite]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 1999 |title=METRO MANILA URBAN TRANSPORTATION INTEGRATION STUDY TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 7: TRANSPORTATION PROJECT REVIEW |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11580537_01.pdf |access-date= |website=www.jica.go.jp}}</ref>

In the late 2000s proposal, the Circumferential Road involves a 59.5-kilometer tollway that links the North and South Luzon Expressways via the towns of Rizal and the eastern parts of Metro Manila. This tollway will traverse the cities of [[San Jose del Monte]] in Bulacan, [[Antipolo]] in [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], and [[Marikina]], Taguig, and [[Muntinlupa]] in Metro Manila. It shall also pass through the towns of [[Rodriguez, Rizal|Rodriguez/Montalban]], [[San Mateo, Rizal|San Mateo]], [[Taytay, Rizal|Taytay]], and [[Angono]] in Rizal and [[Bacoor]], [[Imus]], [[Kawit]], and [[Noveleta]] in Cavite.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senate Bill No. 3548 |url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/1315911761!.pdf}}</ref> The C-6 project was also included in the 2010 [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] (JICA) study on the High Standard Highway master plan, the feasibility study undertaken by the [[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry|Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry]] and the [[Japan External Trade Organization]] in 2008, and another study by the [[Korea International Cooperation Agency|Korean International Cooperation Agency]] with a full-scale FS.

The plan was launched again in 2014 by Citra, PNCC, and [[San Miguel Corporation]]. The Metro Manila Expressway, or C-6 Project, is actually Stage 4 of the South Metro Manila Skyway (SMMS). This toll road will stretch from Bicutan to San Jose Del Monte and will then connect to the proposed [[MRT Line 7 (Metro Manila)|MRT-7]] Project, which will extend to the NLEX. The toll road will have a length of 34.33 km, 7.62 km of which is the elevated portion, six (6) lanes with six (6) interchanges and 20 ramps, and a close toll collection system. The construction cost is estimated at P19.76 billion out of the total P29.84 billion project cost. The Restated Supplement to the Business and Joint Venture Agreement (Restated Supplement to BJVA) for the MME Project, executed in January 2014, contains the agreement of the parties and embodies the terms and conditions for MME.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR BUSINESS |url=https://www.pncc.ph/home_our_business.htm |access-date=June 13, 2024 |website=PNCC}}</ref>

The project's groundbreaking ceremony was held on January 8, 2018.<ref name="CNNPhGroundbreaking" /> The project was scheduled to be completed in 2022, but construction was delayed due to [[Right-of-way (property access)|right-of-way]] issues at the affected properties in Taguig and Rizal. As of 2024, no progress has been made aside from an elevated portion erected above the C-5/Bayani Road interchange.


== Future exits ==
== Future exits ==
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|region=Calabarzon
|region=Calabarzon
|rspan=5
|rspan=5
|province_special=[[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]
|province=Rizal
|pspan=5
|pspan=5
|location_special=[[Taytay, Rizal|Taytay]]
|provdab=Rizal
⚫
|location=Taytay
|lspan=2
|exit
|exit
|name
|name
|type=unbuilt
|type=unbuilt
⚫
|name=Ortigas Avenue Extension
|name=
|road={{jct|country=PHL|N|60|name1=[[Ortigas Avenue|Ortigas Avenue Extension]]}}
|road=[[Pasig River Expressway]]
|notes=
|notes=SEMME (C6) Intersection of PAREX<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eia.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/PDS-Pasig-River-Expressway-Project.pdf|author=SMC Infrastructure|title=Project Description for Scoping Pasig River Expressway Project|date=July 2021|website=Environmental Impact Assessment and Management Division|access-date=September 22, 2021}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{PHLint
{{PHLint
⚫
|location=Cainta
|exit
|exit
|name
|name
|type=unbuilt
|type=unbuilt
|name=Ortigas - Junction interchange (from above [[MRT Line 4 (Metro Manila)|MRT-4]] elevated railway going down to [[Felix Avenue]])
⚫
|name=Ortigas Avenue Extension
|road={{jct|country=PHL|N|60|name1=[[Ortigas Avenue|Ortigas Avenue Extension]]}}
|road={{jct|country=PHL|N|60|name1=Ortigas Avenue Extension}}
|notes=
|notes=
}}
}}
{{PHLint
{{PHLint
|region=
|location=Antipolo
|location=Antipolo
|exit
|exit
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|lspan=2
|lspan=2
|type=unbuilt <!-- toll -->
|type=unbuilt <!-- toll -->
|place=Main toll plaza
|place=San Mateo Toll Plaza
}}
}}
{{PHLint
{{PHLint
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{{Road infrastructure in Manila}}
{{Road infrastructure in Manila}}
{{Major roads in Rizal}}
{{Major roads in Rizal}}
[[Category:Roads in Metro Manila]]

[[Category:Roads in Rizal]]
[[Category:Roads in Rizal (province)]]


{{philippines-road-stub}}

Latest revision as of 04:50, 10 November 2024

E2 shield
Southeast Metro Manila Expressway
Skyway Stage 4
C6 Expressway
Southeast Metro Manila Expressway C-5 Exit (8-12-22).jpg
Construction along Carlos P. Garcia Avenue (C-5) in Taguig as of August 2022
Route information
Maintained by SMC Skyway Stage 4 Corporation[1]
Length32.664 km[2] (20.296 mi)
Component
highways		 E2[3][4]
Major junctions
South end AH 26 (E2) (Skyway) at Taguig–Parañaque boundary
North endBatasan Road in Quezon City
Location
CountryPhilippines
Major cities
Towns
Highway system
  • Roads in the Philippines

The Southeast Metro Manila Expressway (SEMME), also known as Skyway Stage 4, C-6 Expressway and formerly Metro Manila Expressway, is an on-hold[5][6] 32.664-kilometer (20.296 mi)[2] tolled expressway running across eastern Metro Manila and western Rizal. The expressway will help decongest the existing roadways across Metro Manila, such as EDSA and Circumferential Road 5. The expressway is part of the larger Circumferential Road 6 project, expanding from the original C-6 currently passing from General Santos Avenue in Taguig up to Highway 2000 (Phase 1) in Taytay, will expand to Cainta, Pasig, Marikina, San Mateo, and in Quezon City.

The expressway will begin at the Skyway near FTI (now Arca South), Taguig, and end at the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Quezon City. It will also connect to the North Luzon Expressway (NLEx) in Balagtas, Bulacan.[7]

The construction works of SEMME along Carlos P. Garcia Avenue (C-5 Road) in February 2021

The entire expressway will be a spur component of Expressway 2 (E2) of the Philippine expressway network.

History

[edit]

In 1945, the Metropolitan Thoroughfare Plan was submitted by Quezon City planners Louis Croft and Antonio Kayanan, which proposed the laying of 10 radial roads to convey traffic in and out of the city of Manila to the surrounding cities and provinces and the completion of six circumferential roads that will act as beltways of the city, forming altogether a web-like arterial road system, including the sixth circumferential road, which runs from Meycauayan to Las Pinas. In 1973, it was proposed in the Urban Transportation Study in Manila Metropolitan Area (UTSMMA) that a highway be constructed between Navotas and Las Pinas.[8]

In 1983, under the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos, it was proposed that the highway would be a tolled expressway known as the Metro Manila Expressway (MME), and the route would begin at the North Luzon Expressway in Meycauayan and end at the South Luzon Expressway in Bicutan, Paranaque. The total length is approximately 44.570 km. The plan was undertaken by the Philippine National Construction Corporation (PNCC).[9] The proposal was revived in 1993 when PNCC signed an agreement to build the expressway with the Indonesian PT Citra Lamtoro Gung Persada (CITRA).[10]

The agreement was supplemented on February 14, 1994, with a related undertaking by CITRA. CITRA was to provide a preliminary feasibility study on the Metro Manila Skyways (MMS) project, a system of elevated roadway networks passing through the heart of the Metropolitan Manila area. To accelerate the actual implementation of both the MME and the MMS projects, PNCC and CITRA entered into a second agreement. Through that agreement, CITRA committed to finance and undertake the preparation, updating, and revalidation of previous studies on the construction, operation, and maintenance of the projects.[11] According to the CITRA proposal, the planned alignment was to have 38.4 kilometers from Meycauayan to Bicutan, the same route as the 1983 plan, while the remaining segments leading to San Pedro were 18 kilometers and 19 kilometers to Cavite.[12]

In the late 2000s proposal, the Circumferential Road involves a 59.5-kilometer tollway that links the North and South Luzon Expressways via the towns of Rizal and the eastern parts of Metro Manila. This tollway will traverse the cities of San Jose del Monte in Bulacan, Antipolo in Rizal, and Marikina, Taguig, and Muntinlupa in Metro Manila. It shall also pass through the towns of Rodriguez/Montalban, San Mateo, Taytay, and Angono in Rizal and Bacoor, Imus, Kawit, and Noveleta in Cavite.[13] The C-6 project was also included in the 2010 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) study on the High Standard Highway master plan, the feasibility study undertaken by the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry and the Japan External Trade Organization in 2008, and another study by the Korean International Cooperation Agency with a full-scale FS.

The plan was launched again in 2014 by Citra, PNCC, and San Miguel Corporation. The Metro Manila Expressway, or C-6 Project, is actually Stage 4 of the South Metro Manila Skyway (SMMS). This toll road will stretch from Bicutan to San Jose Del Monte and will then connect to the proposed MRT-7 Project, which will extend to the NLEX. The toll road will have a length of 34.33 km, 7.62 km of which is the elevated portion, six (6) lanes with six (6) interchanges and 20 ramps, and a close toll collection system. The construction cost is estimated at P19.76 billion out of the total P29.84 billion project cost. The Restated Supplement to the Business and Joint Venture Agreement (Restated Supplement to BJVA) for the MME Project, executed in January 2014, contains the agreement of the parties and embodies the terms and conditions for MME.[14]

The project's groundbreaking ceremony was held on January 8, 2018.[7] The project was scheduled to be completed in 2022, but construction was delayed due to right-of-way issues at the affected properties in Taguig and Rizal. As of 2024, no progress has been made aside from an elevated portion erected above the C-5/Bayani Road interchange.

Future exits

[edit]

Exits will be numbered by kilometer posts, with Rizal Park in Manila designated as kilometer zero. 

RegionProvinceCity/MunicipalitykmmiExitNameDestinationsNotes
Metro ManilaTaguigSkyway - FTI AH 26 (E2) (Skyway) – TITX, Makati, AlabangSouthern terminus
C5/Diego Silang N11 (C-5 Road)
C6-TaguigC-6
CalabarzonRizalTaytayOrtigas Avenue Extension N60 (Ortigas Avenue Extension)
CaintaOrtigas - Junction interchange (from above MRT-4 elevated railway going down to Felix Avenue) N60 (Ortigas Avenue Extension)
AntipoloMarcos HighwayMarcos HighwayFolded diamond interchange. Access to N59 (Sumulong Highway).
San MateoSan Mateo Toll Plaza
Tumana BridgeJ.P. Rizal StreetNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
Metro ManilaQuezon CityBatasan ComplexBatasan RoadNorthern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
  •       Unopened

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "PART I – BUSINESS AND GENERAL INFORMATION" (PDF). San Miguel Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "SOUTHEAST METRO MANILA EXPRESSWAY (C6) PROJECT". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  3. ^ "Road and Bridge Inventory". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  4. ^ "NCR". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  5. ^ Camus, Miguel R. (January 8, 2018). "SMC's South East Metro Manila Expressway project begins". Inquirer.net. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  6. ^ Dela Paz, Chrisee (January 8, 2018). "San Miguel to start building Southeast Metro Manila Expressway in April". Rappler. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  7. ^ a b "DOTr break ground on South East Metro Manila Expressway project". CNN Philippines. January 8, 2018. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  8. ^ "URBAN TRANSPORT STUDY IN MANILA METROPOLITAN AREA" (PDF). www.jica.go.jp. September 1973.
  9. ^ "PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1894" (PDF). PNCC. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  10. ^ "Manila Standard - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  11. ^ "G.R. No. 181293".
  12. ^ "METRO MANILA URBAN TRANSPORTATION INTEGRATION STUDY TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 7: TRANSPORTATION PROJECT REVIEW" (PDF). www.jica.go.jp. March 1999.
  13. ^ "Senate Bill No. 3548" (PDF).
  14. ^ "OUR BUSINESS". PNCC. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
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