Fazil Iravani: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Azerbaijani jurist (1782–1885)}} |
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{{one source|date=December 2014}} |
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{{Infobox religious biography |
{{Infobox religious biography |
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| image= |
| image = |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| name = Fazil |
| name = Fazil Iravani |
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| religion = [[Islam]] |
| religion = [[Islam]] |
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| school = [[Shia]] |
| school = [[Shia]] |
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| location = [[Tbilisi]], [[Russian Empire]] |
| location = [[Tbilisi]], [[Russian Empire]] |
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| title = '''Second [[Sheikh ul-Islam]] of the [[Caucasus]]''' |
| title = '''Second [[Sheikh ul-Islam]] of the [[Caucasus]]''' |
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| Period = 1846- |
| Period = 1846-1852 |
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| Predecessor = [[Mahammadali Huseinzadeh]] |
| Predecessor = [[Mahammadali Huseinzadeh]] |
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| Successor = [[Ahmad Huseinzadeh]] |
| Successor = [[Ahmad Huseinzadeh]] |
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| post = [[Sheikh ul-Islam]] of the [[Caucasus]] |
| post = [[Sheikh ul-Islam]] of the [[Caucasus]] |
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| birth_date = 1782 |
| birth_date = 1782 |
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| birth_place = [[Yerevan]], [[Erivan Khanate]] |
| birth_place = [[Yerevan]], [[Erivan Khanate]], [[Zand dynasty|Zand Iran]] |
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| death_date = {{Death |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1885|3|3|1782}} |
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| death_place = [[Yerevan]], [[Russian Empire]] |
| death_place = [[Yerevan]], [[Erivan Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]] |
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| signature = |
| signature = |
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| honorific prefix = [[Ayatollah al-Uzma]] |
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}} |
}} |
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''' |
'''Muhammad ibn Muhammad Bagher Iravani''' ({{Langx|fa|محمد بن محمدباقر ایروانی}}) or '''Fazil Iravani''' was an Islamic jurist and the second [[Sheikh ul-Islam]] of the [[Caucasus]] and an [[Ayatollah al-Uzma]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life and education== |
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Fazil Iravani was born in [[Yerevan]] and got his primary religious education in same city. He went on to continue his education in [[1802]] to [[Al-Azhar University]]. He was [[akhund]] of [[Isfahan]] and [[Tabriz]] in his 40s. |
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Fazil Iravani was born in [[Yerevan]] in either 1782 or 1817 to Muhammad Baqir Iravani. His grandfather Mir Abdulfattah Iravani was a cleric as well. He got his primary religious education in same city. He went on to continue his education in 1802 to [[Al-Azhar University]]. He later went on to be a disciple of [[Al-Qazwini family#Second Generation|Ayatollah Sayyed Ibrahim Qazwini]] in [[Karbala]] and later studied in [[Najaf]]. He was also a disciple of Sayyid Husayn Kuhkamara'i, uncle of [[Muhammad Hujjat Kuh-Kamari]]. According to Iranian writer Aghighi Bakhshayeshi, he was a successor to Kuhkamara'i and the Turkish faction of Najaf scholars. He later became a [[marja']], having 30 students and disciples of himself, including Sayyid 'Ali Kuhkamara'i, his teacher's brother, Muhammad Hirz al-Din, [[Abdallah Mazandarani]] and Sayyed Hussein Khamenei (grandfather of [[Ali Khamenei]]). He was [[akhund]] of [[Isfahan]] and [[Tabriz]] in his 40s. |
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==Sheikh ul-Islam== |
==Sheikh ul-Islam== |
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He was appointed as deputy of [[Mahammadali Huseinzadeh]] in 1843. He |
He returned to his native Yerevan in 1827 and became [[akhund]] of [[Blue Mosque, Yerevan|Blue Mosque]]. He was appointed as deputy of [[Sheikh ul-Islam]] [[Mahammadali Huseinzadeh]] in 1843. He succeeded him as [[Sheikh ul-Islam]] of the [[Caucasus]] prior to former's resignation in 1846. He reformed many clerical issues, including taking [[nikah]] rights from mosque [[mullah]]s and handing it over to more educated [[akhund]]s. He resigned his post in 1852 and was succeeded by [[Ahmad Huseinzadeh]]. He died on 3 March 1885, Yerevan in very old age and buried in [[Najaf]]. |
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==Works== |
==Works== |
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He was the author of famous novel |
He was long thought to be the author of famous novel ''The Rose and the Nightingale'' (1834), being mistaken for Fazlî Kara, an Ottoman poet. Besides that, he authored at least 15 treatises including ''Qawaid-i Farsi'' (1845, [[Tabriz]]), ''Usuli Ibrat''. |
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== Family == |
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He had at least 3 children: |
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# Sheikh Mahmud Iravani |
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# Sheikh Morteza Iravani |
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# Sheikh Muhammad Javad Iravani (b. 1870, Najaf - 1962) |
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## Mirza Mohammad Iravani (died young) |
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## Sheikh Kazem Iravani |
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## Sheikh Mohammad Taghi Iravani (b. 1911 - d. 1 November 2005) |
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### Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Irawani (b. 1949, Najaf) |
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### A daughter |
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#### [[Ammar Nakshawani]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}}{{Religious Council of the Caucasus}} |
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[[Category:1782 births]] |
[[Category:1782 births]] |
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[[Category:1885 deaths]] |
[[Category:1885 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Shia clerics]] |
[[Category:Azerbaijani Shia clerics]] |
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[[Category:Azerbaijani people]] |
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[[Category:Iranian Azerbaijanis]] |
[[Category:Iranian Azerbaijanis]] |
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[[Category:People from Yerevan]] |
[[Category:People from Yerevan]] |
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[[Category:Muslims from the Russian Empire]] |
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[[Category:Shia clerics from the Russian Empire]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:52, 10 November 2024
Fazil Iravani | |
|---|---|
| Title | Second Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus |
| Personal life | |
| Born | 1782 |
| Died | March 3, 1885 (aged 102–103) |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| School | Shia |
| Muslim leader | |
| Based in | Tbilisi, Russian Empire |
| Post | Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus |
| Period in office | 1846-1852 |
| Predecessor | Mahammadali Huseinzadeh |
| Successor | Ahmad Huseinzadeh |
Muhammad ibn Muhammad Bagher Iravani (Persian: محمد بن محمدباقر ایروانی) or Fazil Iravani was an Islamic jurist and the second Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus and an Ayatollah al-Uzma.
Early life and education
[edit]Fazil Iravani was born in Yerevan in either 1782 or 1817 to Muhammad Baqir Iravani. His grandfather Mir Abdulfattah Iravani was a cleric as well. He got his primary religious education in same city. He went on to continue his education in 1802 to Al-Azhar University. He later went on to be a disciple of Ayatollah Sayyed Ibrahim Qazwini in Karbala and later studied in Najaf. He was also a disciple of Sayyid Husayn Kuhkamara'i, uncle of Muhammad Hujjat Kuh-Kamari. According to Iranian writer Aghighi Bakhshayeshi, he was a successor to Kuhkamara'i and the Turkish faction of Najaf scholars. He later became a marja', having 30 students and disciples of himself, including Sayyid 'Ali Kuhkamara'i, his teacher's brother, Muhammad Hirz al-Din, Abdallah Mazandarani and Sayyed Hussein Khamenei (grandfather of Ali Khamenei). He was akhund of Isfahan and Tabriz in his 40s.
Sheikh ul-Islam
[edit]He returned to his native Yerevan in 1827 and became akhund of Blue Mosque. He was appointed as deputy of Sheikh ul-Islam Mahammadali Huseinzadeh in 1843. He succeeded him as Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus prior to former's resignation in 1846. He reformed many clerical issues, including taking nikah rights from mosque mullahs and handing it over to more educated akhunds. He resigned his post in 1852 and was succeeded by Ahmad Huseinzadeh. He died on 3 March 1885, Yerevan in very old age and buried in Najaf.
Works
[edit]He was long thought to be the author of famous novel The Rose and the Nightingale (1834), being mistaken for Fazlî Kara, an Ottoman poet. Besides that, he authored at least 15 treatises including Qawaid-i Farsi (1845, Tabriz), Usuli Ibrat.
Family
[edit]He had at least 3 children:
- Sheikh Mahmud Iravani
- Sheikh Morteza Iravani
- Sheikh Muhammad Javad Iravani (b. 1870, Najaf - 1962)
- Mirza Mohammad Iravani (died young)
- Sheikh Kazem Iravani
- Sheikh Mohammad Taghi Iravani (b. 1911 - d. 1 November 2005)
- Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Irawani (b. 1949, Najaf)
- A daughter