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{{short description|American molecular biologist}}
'''Julius Marmur''' (March 22, 1926 – May 20, 1996, aged 70) was an American [[molecular biologist]] who made significant contributions to [[DNA]] research. His discovery, while working in the laboratory of [[Paul Doty]] at [[Harvard University]], that the [[Nucleic acid thermodynamics|denaturation of DNA]] was reversible ([[Nucleic acid hybridization|DNA hybridization]]) and depended on salt- and [[GC-content]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Marmur J, Doty P | title = Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature | journal = J Mol Biol | year = 1962 | volume = 5 | pages = 109–18 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-2836(62)80066-7 | pmid = 14470099}}</ref> had a major impact on how scientists thought about DNA, and how DNA could be handled ''[[in vitro]].'' This discovery was a cornerstone of the [[recombinant DNA]] revolution.
'''Julius Marmur''' (March 22, 1926 – May 20, 1996) was an American [[molecular biologist]] who made significant contributions to [[DNA]] research. His discovery, while working in the laboratory of [[Paul M. Doty|Paul Doty]] at [[Harvard University]], that the [[Nucleic acid thermodynamics|denaturation of DNA]] was reversible ([[Nucleic acid hybridization|DNA hybridization]]) and depended on salt- and [[GC-content]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marmur J, Doty P | title = Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature | journal = J Mol Biol | year = 1962 | volume = 5 | pages = 109–18 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-2836(62)80066-7 | pmid = 14470099}}</ref> had a major impact on how scientists thought about DNA, and how DNA could be handled ''[[in vitro]]''. This discovery was a cornerstone of the [[recombinant DNA]] revolution.


DNA strand recombination was observed using bacterial DNA; monitoring [[Hyperchromicity|absorbance-temperature curves]], [[Differential centrifugation|density-gradient ultracentrifugation]] and by direct inspection using [[Electron microscope|electron microscopy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Strand separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic acids: Physical chemical studies.|last = Doty P, Marmur J, Eigner J, Schildkraut C|first = |date = 1960|journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci |doi = 10.1073/pnas.46.4.461|pmid = 16590628|pmc=222859 |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=461–76}}</ref> Further evidence of reversible hybridization was given by experiments measuring the ability of heat-treated DNA to [[Transformation (genetics)|transform]] bacterial strains.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Strand separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic acids: Biological studies|last = Marmur J, Lane D|first = |date = 1960|journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=453-461|doi = 10.1073/pnas.46.4.453|pmid = 16590627|pmc=222858|volume=46|pages=453–61}}</ref>
DNA strand recombination was observed using bacterial DNA; monitoring [[Hyperchromicity|absorbance-temperature curves]], [[Differential centrifugation|density-gradient ultracentrifugation]] and by direct inspection using [[Electron microscope|electron microscopy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Strand separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic acids: Physical chemical studies|vauthors=Doty P, Marmur J, Eigner J, Schildkraut C |date = 1960|journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA |doi = 10.1073/pnas.46.4.461|pmid = 16590628|pmc=222859 |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=461–76|bibcode = 1960PNAS...46..461D|doi-access=free }}</ref> Further evidence of reversible hybridization was given by experiments measuring the ability of heat-treated DNA to [[Transformation (genetics)|transform]] bacterial strains.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Strand separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic acids: Biological studies|vauthors=Marmur J, Lane D |date = 1960 |journal= Proc Natl Acad Sci USA |issue=4 |pages=453–461 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.46.4.453 |pmid = 16590627 |pmc=222858 |volume=46 |bibcode = 1960PNAS...46..453M|doi-access=free }}</ref>


Marmur was born in [[Białystok]], Poland, grew up in Canada and graduated from [[McGill University]] in 1946. He received a master's degree from McGill and a PhD in bacterial physiology from [[Iowa State University]].
Marmur was born in [[Białystok]], Poland, grew up in Canada and graduated from [[McGill University]] in 1946. He received a master's degree from McGill and a PhD in bacterial physiology from [[Iowa State University]].


Marmur spent most of his professional career at [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]] in the [[Bronx]], [[NY|New York]], affiliated with [[Yeshiva University]]. Honoring the memory of Dr. Marmur, [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Einstein]] holds an annual Julius Marmur Symposium acknowledging excellence in graduate student research.
Marmur spent most of his professional career at [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]] in the [[Bronx]], [[New York City|New York]], affiliated with [[Yeshiva University]]. Honoring the memory of Dr. Marmur, the college holds an annual Julius Marmur Symposium acknowledging excellence in graduate student research.


==References==
==References==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal | author = Doty P | title = Julius Marmur (1926–96) | journal = Nature | year = 1996 | volume = 381 | issue = 6583 | pages = 557 | doi = 10.1038/381557a0 | pmid = 8637585}}
*{{cite journal | author = Doty P | title = Julius Marmur (1926–96) | journal = Nature | year = 1996 | volume = 381 | issue = 6583 | pages = 557 | doi = 10.1038/381557a0 | pmid = 8637585| bibcode = 1996Natur.381..557D | s2cid = 4341140 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal | author = Szybalski W | title = In memoriam. Julius Marmur (1926–1996) | journal = Gene | volume = 204 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 1–3 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00544-1 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9463079}}
*{{cite journal | author = Szybalski W | title = In memoriam. Julius Marmur (1926–1996) | journal = Gene | volume = 204 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 1–3 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00544-1 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9463079}}


{{authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->

| NAME = Marmur, Julius
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American biologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 22, 1926
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = May 20, 1996
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marmur, Julius}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marmur, Julius}}
⚫
[[Category:American scientists]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Harvard University staff]]
[[Category:Harvard University staff]]
[[Category:Yeshiva University faculty]]
[[Category:Yeshiva University faculty]]
⚫
[[Category:American biologists]]
[[Category:20th-century American biologists]]

Latest revision as of 08:23, 10 November 2024

Julius Marmur (March 22, 1926 – May 20, 1996) was an American molecular biologist who made significant contributions to DNA research. His discovery, while working in the laboratory of Paul Doty at Harvard University, that the denaturation of DNA was reversible (DNA hybridization) and depended on salt- and GC-content,[1] had a major impact on how scientists thought about DNA, and how DNA could be handled in vitro. This discovery was a cornerstone of the recombinant DNA revolution.

DNA strand recombination was observed using bacterial DNA; monitoring absorbance-temperature curves, density-gradient ultracentrifugation and by direct inspection using electron microscopy.[2] Further evidence of reversible hybridization was given by experiments measuring the ability of heat-treated DNA to transform bacterial strains.[3]

Marmur was born in Białystok, Poland, grew up in Canada and graduated from McGill University in 1946. He received a master's degree from McGill and a PhD in bacterial physiology from Iowa State University.

Marmur spent most of his professional career at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York, affiliated with Yeshiva University. Honoring the memory of Dr. Marmur, the college holds an annual Julius Marmur Symposium acknowledging excellence in graduate student research.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Marmur J, Doty P (1962). "Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature". J Mol Biol. 5: 109–18. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(62)80066-7. PMID 14470099.
  2. ^ Doty P, Marmur J, Eigner J, Schildkraut C (1960). "Strand separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic acids: Physical chemical studies". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 46 (4): 461–76. Bibcode:1960PNAS...46..461D. doi:10.1073/pnas.46.4.461. PMC 222859. PMID 16590628.
  3. ^ Marmur J, Lane D (1960). "Strand separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic acids: Biological studies". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 46 (4): 453–461. Bibcode:1960PNAS...46..453M. doi:10.1073/pnas.46.4.453. PMC 222858. PMID 16590627.

Further reading

[edit]
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