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Ralph Shapey (12 March 1921 – 13 June 2002) was an American composer and conductor.

Biography

Shapey was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is known for his work as a composition professor at the University of Chicago, where he taught from 1964 to 1991 and where he founded and directed the Contemporary Chamber Players. Shapey studied violin with Emanuel Zeitlin and composition with Stefan Wolpe. He served in the United States Army in World War II before moving to New York City, where he worked as a violinist, composer, conductor, and pedagogue. In 1963, he conducted the orchestra and chorus at the University of Pennsylvania before accepting his position in Chicago.^[1]^[2]

Shapey was made a MacArthur Fellow in 1982. Upon hearing the news via a telephone call, he was skeptical, reportedly asking, "Which of my friends or enemies put you up to this?" and slamming down the receiver.^[2]

Shapey's style is characterized by modernist angularity, irony, and technical rigor, but his concern for sweeping gesture, frenetic passion, rhythmic vitality, lyrical melody, and dramatic arc recall Romanticism. He was dubbed by the critics Leonard B. Meyer and Bernard Jacobson a "radical traditionalist", which pleased him immensely—he held a deep respect for the masters of the past, whom he regarded as his finest teachers.^{[citation needed]} The musicologist Ronit Seter, and Shapey's student Shlamit Ran, noted a strong connection to Jewish and Israeli music in several of his works.^[3]

The French-American composer Edgard Varèse was among Shapey's most important influences. Both composers had a fascination with unusual sonorities, counterpoint masses, and the outer extremes of pitch space. The coordination of static "sound blocks" in Shapey's music is also reminiscent of another French composer, Olivier Messiaen, though Shapey reportedly found Messiaen's music saccharine and maudlin.^{[citation needed]}

Many listeners would call Shapey's music "atonal", but he rejected the label,^{[citation needed]} considering himself a tonal composer. Indeed, his work, though couched in a highly dissonant harmonic idiom rich in interval classes 1 and 6, does adhere to certain organizational features of tonal music, including pitch hierarchy and object permanence.^{[citation needed]}

Shapey's Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra was a finalist for the 1990 Pulitzer Prize for Music and shared the top Kennedy Center Friedheim Award prize with William Kraft for Veils and Variations for Horn and Orchestra.^[4]^[5]

In 1992 the Pulitzer Prize for Music jury, which that year consisted of George Perle, Roger Reynolds, and Harvey Sollberger, selected Shapey's Concerto Fantastique for the award.^[6] The Pulitzer Board rejected the decision and gave the prize to the jury's second choice, Wayne Peterson's The Face of the Night, the Heart of the Dark. The jury responded with a public statement that they had not been consulted on that decision and that the board was not qualified to make it. The board responded that the "Pulitzers are enhanced by having, in addition to the professional's point of view, the layman's or consumer's point of view", and did not rescind its decision.^[7]^[8]

Shapey wrote over 200 works, many published by Presser. Presser also offers his textbook A Basic Course in Music Composition, written after over 50 years of teaching the subject. Recordings of Shapey's music are available on the CRI, Opus One, and New World labels. Shapey's works have been catalogued by Patrick D. Finley in A Catalogue of the Works of Ralph Shapey, published by Pendragon Press.

His students include Gerald Levinson, Robert Carl, Gordon Marsh, Michael Eckert, Philip Fried, Matt Malsky, Lawrence Fritts, James Anthony Walker, Frank Retzel, Jorge Liderman, Jonathan Elliott, Terry Winter Owens, Deborah Drattell, Ursula Mamlok, Shulamit Ran, and Melinda Wagner.^[9] Ran dedicated her Pulitzer Prize-winning Symphony to Shapey in 1990.

The composer Robert Black was particularly influenced by him, and as a conductor he premiered Shapey's Three for Six.^[10]

References

^ "Ralph Shapey, Radical Traditionalist Composer, 1921–2002." The University of Chicago News Office. 13 June 2002. Web.
^ ^a ^b Kozinn, Allan (June 14, 2002). "Ralph Shapey, 81, Composer Evoking Conflicting Impulses". The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
^ Seter, Ronit (2014). "Israelism: Nationalism, Orientalism, and the Israeli Five". Musical Quarterly. 97 (2): 245. doi:10.1093/musqtl/gdu010 – via Oxford Academic.
^ Fischer, Heinz Dietrich, ed. (2010). The Pulitzer Prize Winners for Music: Composer Biographies, Premiere Programs and Jury Reports. Peter Lang. p. 202. ISBN 978-3631596081.
^ Valdes, Lesley (October 30, 1990). "Two Composers Share Top Friedheim Prize". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
^ Rothstein, Edward (April 19, 1992). "CLASSICAL VIEW; In the Fracas Over a Prize, No One Won". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
^ Kozinn, Allan (April 9, 1992). "A Pulitzer Dispute: Should Music Prize Be Left to Experts?". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
^ MacMinn, Aleene (April 9, 1992). "Music". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
^ Stearns, David (17 June 2002). "Ralph Shapey: Avant-garde composer who dared to be difficult". The Guardian. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
^ Kozinn, Allan (November 16, 1993). "Robert Black, 43, Pianist Known As Stalwart of New-Music World". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2016.

Sources

Carl, Robert "Radical Traditionalism". Liner notes to Ralph Shapey—Radical Traditionalism. New World Records.
Finley, Patrick. A Catalogue of the Works of Ralph Shapey. Stuyvesant, New York: Pendragon Press, 1997. Catalogue complete up to 1996. Also contains a biography based on recorded interviews, and a brief analysis of the openings of five of his works with a detailed explanation of his compositional method.

External links

[obit-1] "Ralph Shapey, Radical Traditionalist Composer, 1921–2002." The University of Chicago News Office. 13 June 2002. Web.

[NYTimes-2] Kozinn, Allan (June 14, 2002). "Ralph Shapey, 81, Composer Evoking Conflicting Impulses". The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2016.

[3] Seter, Ronit (2014). "Israelism: Nationalism, Orientalism, and the Israeli Five". Musical Quarterly. 97 (2): 245. doi:10.1093/musqtl/gdu010 – via Oxford Academic.

[4] Fischer, Heinz Dietrich, ed. (2010). The Pulitzer Prize Winners for Music: Composer Biographies, Premiere Programs and Jury Reports. Peter Lang. p. 202. ISBN 978-3631596081.

[5] Valdes, Lesley (October 30, 1990). "Two Composers Share Top Friedheim Prize". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2016.

[6] Rothstein, Edward (April 19, 1992). "CLASSICAL VIEW; In the Fracas Over a Prize, No One Won". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2016.

[7] Kozinn, Allan (April 9, 1992). "A Pulitzer Dispute: Should Music Prize Be Left to Experts?". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2016.

[8] MacMinn, Aleene (April 9, 1992). "Music". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 3, 2016.

[9] Stearns, David (17 June 2002). "Ralph Shapey: Avant-garde composer who dared to be difficult". The Guardian. Retrieved March 6, 2016.

[10] Kozinn, Allan (November 16, 1993). "Robert Black, 43, Pianist Known As Stalwart of New-Music World". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2016.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Ralph Shapey''' (12 March 1921 &ndash; 13 June 2002) was an [[United States|American]] [[composer]] and [[Conducting|conductor]].
+{{Short description|American composer and conductor}}
+'''Ralph Shapey''' (12 March 1921 &ndash; 13 June 2002) was an American [[composer]] and [[Conducting|conductor]].
 [[Image:Shapey.jpg|thumb|Ralph Shapey]]
 ==Biography==
-Shapey was born in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. He is known for his work as a composition professor at the [[University of Chicago]], where he taught from 1964 to 1991 and where he founded and directed the Contemporary Chamber Players. Shapey studied violin with Emanuel Zeitlin and composition with [[Stefan Wolpe]]. He served in the [[United States Army]] in [[World War II]] before moving to [[New York City]], where he worked as a violinist, composer, conductor, and pedagogue. In 1963, he conducted the orchestra and chorus at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] before accepting his position in Chicago.<ref name=obit>[http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/02/020613.shapey.shtml "Ralph Shapey, Radical Traditionalist Composer, 1921–2002."] The University of Chicago News Office. 13 June 2002. Web.</ref><ref name="NYTimes">{{cite web |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |author-link=Allan Kozinn |title=Ralph Shapey, 81, Composer Evoking Conflicting Impulses |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 14, 2002 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/14/business/ralph-shapey-81-composer-evoking-conflicting-impulses.html |access-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref>
+Shapey was born in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. He is known for his work as a composition professor at the [[University of Chicago]], where he taught from 1964 to 1991 and where he founded and directed the [[University of Chicago Contemporary Chamber Players|Contemporary Chamber Players]]. Shapey studied violin with Emanuel Zeitlin and composition with [[Stefan Wolpe]]. He served in the [[United States Army]] in [[World War II]] before moving to [[New York City]], where he worked as a violinist, composer, conductor, and pedagogue. In 1963, he conducted the orchestra and chorus at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] before accepting his position in Chicago.<ref name=obit>[http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/02/020613.shapey.shtml "Ralph Shapey, Radical Traditionalist Composer, 1921–2002."] The University of Chicago News Office. 13 June 2002. Web.</ref><ref name="NYTimes">{{cite web |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |author-link=Allan Kozinn |title=Ralph Shapey, 81, Composer Evoking Conflicting Impulses |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 14, 2002 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/14/business/ralph-shapey-81-composer-evoking-conflicting-impulses.html |access-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref>
-Shapey was made a [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellow]] in 1982.  Upon hearing the news via a telephone call, Shapey was initially skeptical; he reportedly asked, "Which of my friends or enemies put you up to this?" and slammed down the receiver.<ref name="NYTimes" />
+Shapey was made a [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellow]] in 1982. Upon hearing the news via a telephone call, he was skeptical, reportedly asking, "Which of my friends or enemies put you up to this?" and slamming down the receiver.<ref name="NYTimes" />
-Although Shapey's style is characterized by [[Modernism (music)|modernist]] angularity, irony, and technical rigor, his coincident concern for sweeping gesture, frenetic passion, rhythmic vitality, lyrical melody, and dramatic arc recall [[Romantic music|Romanticism]]. Shapey was dubbed by the critics [[Leonard B. Meyer]] and Bernard Jacobson as a, "radical traditionalist", which pleased him immensely—he held a deep respect for the masters of the past, whom he regarded as his finest teachers.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
+Shapey's style is characterized by [[Modernism (music)|modernist]] angularity, irony, and technical rigor, but his concern for sweeping gesture, frenetic passion, rhythmic vitality, lyrical melody, and dramatic arc recall [[Romantic music|Romanticism]]. He was dubbed by the critics [[Leonard B. Meyer]] and Bernard Jacobson a "radical traditionalist", which pleased him immensely—he held a deep respect for the masters of the past, whom he regarded as his finest teachers.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The musicologist Ronit Seter, and Shapey's student [[Shlamit Ran]], noted a strong connection to Jewish and Israeli music in several of his works.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seter |first=Ronit |date=2014 |title=Israelism: Nationalism, Orientalism, and the Israeli Five |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/musqtl/gdu010 |journal=Musical Quarterly |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=245 |doi=10.1093/musqtl/gdu010 |via=Oxford Academic}}</ref>
-The French-American composer [[Edgard Varèse]] was among Shapey's most important influences. Both composers shared a fascination with unusual sonorities, [[counterpoint]] masses, and the outer extremes of [[pitch space]]. The coordination of static "sound blocks" in Shapey's music also reminds one of another French composer, [[Olivier Messiaen]], though Shapey reportedly found Messiaen's music saccharine and maudlin.{{Citation needed|date=March 2016}}
+The French-American composer [[Edgard Varèse]] was among Shapey's most important influences. Both composers had a fascination with unusual sonorities, [[counterpoint]] masses, and the outer extremes of [[pitch space]]. The coordination of static "sound blocks" in Shapey's music is also reminiscent of another French composer, [[Olivier Messiaen]], though Shapey reportedly found Messiaen's music saccharine and maudlin.{{Citation needed|date=March 2016}}
-Although comparisons are useful, Shapey's compositional voice is undoubtedly personal and distinctive. Many listeners would call his music{{Weasel inline|date=March 2012}} "[[Atonality|atonal]]", but Shapey himself denied the label. He considered himself a [[tonality|tonal]] composer, and indeed his work, though couched in a highly dissonant harmonic idiom rich in [[interval class]]es 1 and 6, does adhere to certain organizational features of tonal music, including pitch hierarchy and [[object permanence]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
+Many listeners would call Shapey's music "[[Atonality|atonal]]", but he rejected the label,{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} considering himself a [[tonality|tonal]] composer. Indeed, his work, though couched in a highly dissonant harmonic idiom rich in [[interval class]]es 1 and 6, does adhere to certain organizational features of tonal music, including pitch hierarchy and [[object permanence]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
-Shapey's [[Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra]] was a finalist for the 1990 [[Pulitzer Prize for Music]] and shared the top [[Kennedy Center Friedheim Award]] prize with  [[William Kraft]] for ''Veils and Variations for Horn and Orchestra''.<ref>{{cite book |year=2010 |editor-last=Fischer |editor-first=Heinz Dietrich |title=The Pulitzer Prize Winners for Music: Composer Biographies, Premiere Programs and Jury Reports |publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]] |page=202 |isbn=978-3631596081}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Valdes |first=Lesley |title=Two Composers Share Top Friedheim Prize |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=October 30, 1990 |url=http://articles.philly.com/1990-10-30/news/25895427_1_ralph-shapey-william-kraft-prize |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref>
+Shapey's [[Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra]] was a finalist for the 1990 [[Pulitzer Prize for Music]] and shared the top [[Kennedy Center Friedheim Award]] prize with [[William Kraft]] for ''Veils and Variations for Horn and Orchestra''.<ref>{{cite book |year=2010 |editor-last=Fischer |editor-first=Heinz Dietrich |title=The Pulitzer Prize Winners for Music: Composer Biographies, Premiere Programs and Jury Reports |publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]] |page=202 |isbn=978-3631596081}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Valdes |first=Lesley |title=Two Composers Share Top Friedheim Prize |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=October 30, 1990 |url=http://articles.philly.com/1990-10-30/news/25895427_1_ralph-shapey-william-kraft-prize |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017061839/http://articles.philly.com/1990-10-30/news/25895427_1_ralph-shapey-william-kraft-prize |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref>
-In 1992 the [[Pulitzer Prize for Music]] jury, which that year consisted of [[George Perle]], [[Roger Reynolds]], and [[Harvey Sollberger]], selected  Shapey's ''[[Concerto Fantastique]]'' for the award.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rothstein |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Rothstein |title=CLASSICAL VIEW; In the Fracas Over a Prize, No One Won |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 19, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/19/arts/classical-view-in-the-fracas-over-a-prize-no-one-won.html |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref>  However, the Pulitzer Board rejected that decision and choose to give the prize to the jury's second choice, [[Wayne Peterson]]'s ''[[The Face of the Night, the Heart of the Dark]]''. The music jury responded with a public statement stating that they had not been consulted in that decision and that the Board was not professionally qualified to make such a decision.  The Board responded that the "Pulitzers are enhanced by having, in addition to the professional's point of view, the layman's or consumer's point of view", and they did not rescind their decision.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |title=A Pulitzer Dispute: Should Music Prize Be Left to Experts? |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 9, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/09/arts/a-pulitzer-dispute-should-music-prize-be-left-to-experts.html |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=MacMinn |first=Aleene |title=Music |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 9, 1992 |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-09/entertainment/ca-135_1_musical-expertise |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref>
+In 1992 the [[Pulitzer Prize for Music]] jury, which that year consisted of [[George Perle]], [[Roger Reynolds]], and [[Harvey Sollberger]], selected Shapey's ''[[Concerto Fantastique]]'' for the award.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rothstein |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Rothstein |title=CLASSICAL VIEW; In the Fracas Over a Prize, No One Won |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 19, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/19/arts/classical-view-in-the-fracas-over-a-prize-no-one-won.html |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref> The Pulitzer Board rejected the decision and gave the prize to the jury's second choice, [[Wayne Peterson]]'s ''[[The Face of the Night, the Heart of the Dark]]''. The jury responded with a public statement that they had not been consulted on that decision and that the board was not qualified to make it. The board responded that the "Pulitzers are enhanced by having, in addition to the professional's point of view, the layman's or consumer's point of view", and did not rescind its decision.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |title=A Pulitzer Dispute: Should Music Prize Be Left to Experts? |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 9, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/09/arts/a-pulitzer-dispute-should-music-prize-be-left-to-experts.html |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=MacMinn |first=Aleene |title=Music |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 9, 1992 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-04-09-ca-135-story.html |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref>
-Shapey created a body of over 200 works, many of which have been published by [http://www.presser.com/Composers/info.cfm?Name=RALPHSHAPEY#Works Presser]. Presser also offers his textbook [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311084142/http://www.tfront.com/product.php?pid=154729&qstring=Composition&qformat=BK&lm1=180&nf=201 A Basic Course in Music Composition], written after over fifty years of teaching the subject. [http://www.presser.com/Composers/info.cfm?Name=RALPHSHAPEY#Recordings Recordings] of Shapey's music are available on the CRI, [[Opus One Records|Opus One]], and [http://www.newworldrecords.org/album.cgi New World] labels. Shapey's works have been catalogued by Dr. Patrick D. Finley in ''A Catalogue of the Works of Ralph Shapey'', published by [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018193955/http://www.pendragonpress.com/cgi-bin/bl.cgi?isbn=0-945193-90-4 Pendragon Press]
+Shapey wrote over 200 works, many published by Presser. Presser also offers his textbook ''A Basic Course in Music Composition'', written after over 50 years of teaching the subject. Recordings of Shapey's music are available on the CRI, [[Opus One Records|Opus One]], and New World labels. Shapey's works have been catalogued by Patrick D. Finley in ''A Catalogue of the Works of Ralph Shapey'', published by Pendragon Press.
-His students include [[Gerald Levinson]], [[Robert Carl]], Gordon Marsh, Michael Eckert, Philip Fried, Matt Malsky, Lawrence Fritts, [https://www.theartofjim.com James Anthony Walker], Frank Retzel, Jorge Liderman, [[Jonathan Elliott]], Terry Winter Owens, Deborah Drattell, [[Ursula Mamlok]], [[Shulamit Ran]], and [[Melinda Wagner]], among others.<ref>{{cite web |last=Stearns |first=David |title=Ralph Shapey: Avant-garde composer who dared to be difficult |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 June 2002 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jun/17/guardianobituaries.arts1 |access-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref>  Shulamit Ran dedicated her Pulitzer Prize-winning [[Symphony (Ran)|Symphony]] to Shapey in 1990.
+His students include [[Gerald Levinson]], [[Robert Carl]], Gordon Marsh, Michael Eckert, Philip Fried, Matt Malsky, Lawrence Fritts, James Anthony Walker, Frank Retzel, Jorge Liderman, [[Jonathan Elliott]], Terry Winter Owens, Deborah Drattell, [[Ursula Mamlok]], [[Shulamit Ran]], and [[Melinda Wagner]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Stearns |first=David |title=Ralph Shapey: Avant-garde composer who dared to be difficult |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 June 2002 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jun/17/guardianobituaries.arts1 |access-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref> Ran dedicated her Pulitzer Prize-winning [[Symphony (Ran)|Symphony]] to Shapey in 1990.
-The composer [[Robert Black (conductor)|Robert Black]] was particularly influenced by him, and as a conductor he also premiered Shapey's ''Three for Six''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |title=Robert Black, 43, Pianist Known As Stalwart of New-Music World |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 16, 1993 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/16/obituaries/robert-black-43-pianist-known-as-stalwart-of-new-music-world.html |access-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
+The composer [[Robert Black (conductor)|Robert Black]] was particularly influenced by him, and as a conductor he premiered Shapey's ''Three for Six''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |title=Robert Black, 43, Pianist Known As Stalwart of New-Music World |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 16, 1993 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/16/obituaries/robert-black-43-pianist-known-as-stalwart-of-new-music-world.html |access-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 28: / Line 29: @@
 ==Sources==
-*Carl, Robert [http://www.dramonline.org/albums/ralph-shapey-radical-traditionalism/notes "Radical Traditionalism"]. Liner notes to ''Ralph Shapey - Radical Traditionalism''. New World Records.
+*Carl, Robert [http://www.dramonline.org/albums/ralph-shapey-radical-traditionalism/notes "Radical Traditionalism"]. Liner notes to ''Ralph Shapey—Radical Traditionalism''. New World Records.
 *Finley, Patrick. ''A Catalogue of the Works of Ralph Shapey''. Stuyvesant, New York: Pendragon Press, 1997. Catalogue complete up to 1996.  Also contains a biography based on recorded interviews, and a brief analysis of the openings of five of his works with a detailed explanation of his compositional method.
 ==External links==
+*{{IMSLP|author=Shapey, Ralph}}
-*[http://www.presser.com/composer/shapey-ralph/ Ralph Shapey's page at Theodore Presser Company]
-* [http://www3.uakron.edu/ssma/composers/Shapey.shtml Bierce Library at University of Akron: Smith Archives - Composer Profile of Ralph Shapey]
+*[https://www.presser.com/ralph-shapey Ralph Shapey's page at Theodore Presser Company]
+* [http://www3.uakron.edu/ssma/composers/Shapey.shtml Bierce Library at University of Akron: Smith Archives – Composer Profile of Ralph Shapey]
-* [http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/02/020613.shapey.shtml University of Chicago News Office - Obituary for Ralph Shapey]
+* [http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/02/020613.shapey.shtml University of Chicago News Office – Obituary for Ralph Shapey]
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051104214638/http://www.musicaltimes.co.uk/archive/0203/shapey.html The Musical Times - In Memoriam Ralph Shapey]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051104214638/http://www.musicaltimes.co.uk/archive/0203/shapey.html ''The Musical Times'' – In Memoriam Ralph Shapey]
-*[https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.SHAPEYR Guide to the Ralph Shapey Papers circa 1930-2003] at the [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/scrc/ University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center]
+*[https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.SHAPEYR Guide to the Ralph Shapey Papers circa 1930–2003] at the [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/scrc/ University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center]
+*[http://www.bruceduffie.com/shapey.html Interview with Ralph Shapey], May 4, 1987
 {{New York School composers}}
@@ Line 48: / Line 51: @@
 [[Category:1921 births]]
 [[Category:2002 deaths]]
-[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
+[[Category:20th-century American classical composers]]
 [[Category:American male classical composers]]
 [[Category:Jewish American classical composers]]
-[[Category:American classical composers]]
 [[Category:MacArthur Fellows|Shapeey, Ralph]]
 [[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
-[[Category:20th-century American composers]]
 [[Category:20th-century American male musicians]]
+[[Category:20th-century American Jews]]
+[[Category:21st-century American Jews]]

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v t e Finalists: Pulitzer Prize for Music (1991–2000)
Bright Sheng ('91): Four Movements for Piano Charles Fussell ('91): Wilde Ralph Shapey ('92): Concerto Fantastique Leon Kirchner ('93): Music for Cello and Orchestra Joan Tower ('93): Violin Concerto Aaron Jay Kernis ('94): Still Movement with Hymn Charles Wuorinen ('94): Microsymphony Donald Erb ('95): Evensong Andrew Imbrie ('95): Adam Peter Lieberson ('96): Variations for Violin and Piano Elliott Carter ('96): Adagio tenebroso John Musto ('97): Dove Sta Amore Stanisław Skrowaczewski ('97): Passacaglia Immaginaria John Adams ('98): Century Rolls Yehudi Wyner ('98): Horntrio David Rakowski ('99): Persistent Memory Stanisław Skrowaczewski ('99): Concerto for Orchestra Donald Martino ('00): Serenata Concertante John Zorn ('00): contes de fees
(Winners) (Citations) (Finalists: '80s '90s '00s '10s)