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{{Short description|Researcher in computational neuroscience}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Peter Dayan
| name = Peter Dayan
| image = Peter Dayan Royal Society.jpg
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| caption = Royal Society 2018
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| birth_name = Peter Samuel Dayan
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| fields = [[Computational neuroscience]]
| fields = [[Computational neuroscience]]<br>[[Reinforcement learning]]
| workplaces = [[Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen]]<br>[[University College London]]<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]<br>[[Uber]]<ref name=uber>{{cite web|url=https://eng.uber.com/peter-dayan/|website=uber.com|year=2017|title=Welcoming Peter Dayan to Uber AI Labs|first=Zoubin |last=Ghahramani|authorlink=Zoubin Ghahramani}}</ref><br>[[University of Toronto]]<br>[[Salk Institute]]
| workplaces = [[Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics]]<br>[[University College London]]<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]<br>[[Uber]]<ref name=uber>{{cite web|url=https://eng.uber.com/peter-dayan/|website=uber.com|year=2017|title=Welcoming Peter Dayan to Uber AI Labs|first=Zoubin |last=Ghahramani|author-link=Zoubin Ghahramani|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315021626/https://eng.uber.com/peter-dayan/|archive-date=2018-03-15}}</ref><br>[[University of Toronto]]<br>[[Salk Institute]]
| patrons =
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| alma_mater = [[University of Cambridge]] (BA)<br>[[University of Edinburgh]] (PhD)
| alma_mater = [[University of Cambridge]] (BA)<br>[[University of Edinburgh]] (PhD)
| thesis_title = Reinforcing connectionism : learning the statistical way
| thesis_title = Reinforcing connectionism : learning the statistical way
| thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.649240
| thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.649240
| thesis_year = 1991
| thesis_year = 1991
| doctoral_advisor = [[d:Q54978760|David Willshaw]]
| doctoral_advisor = David Willshaw
| academic_advisors =
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| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for =
| known_for = [[Q-learning]]
| influences = [[Geoffrey Hinton]]<br>[[Terry Sejnowski]]
| awards = [[Rumelhart Prize]] (2012)<br>[[The Brain Prize]] (2017)
| influenced =
| spouse = [[Li Zhaoping]]
| awards = [[Rumelhart Prize]] (2012)<br>[[The Brain Prize]] (2017)
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| website = {{URL|https://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/person/95844/251691}}
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| website = {{URL|http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~dayan/}}
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'''Peter Samuel Dayan''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} is the director of the [[Gatsby Charitable Foundation]] Computational Neuroscience Unit at [[University College London]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~dayan/|title=Peter Dayan|website=www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk}}</ref> He is co-author of ''Theoretical Neuroscience'', a textbook on [[Computational neuroscience]].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} He is known for applying [[Bayesian method]]s from [[machine learning]] and [[artificial intelligence]] to understand neural function, and is particularly recognized for having related [[neurotransmitter]] levels to prediction errors and Bayesian uncertainties.<ref>Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward. ''Science'', 275 (5306), 1593–1599 {{doi|10.1126/science.275.5306.1593}} {{closed access}}</ref> He co-authored a paper on [[Q-learning]] with Chris Watkins,<ref name=q>Watkins, Christopher JCH, and Peter Dayan. "Q-learning". ''Machine learning'' 8, no. 3–4 (1992): 279–292. {{doi|10.1007/BF00992698}}</ref>{{clarify|date=March 2017}} and provided a proof of convergence of TD(λ) for arbitrary λ.<ref>Dayan, Peter. "The convergence of TD (λ) for general λ". ''Machine learning'' 8, no. 3–4 (1992): 341–362 {{doi|10.1023/A:1022632907294}}</ref>
'''Peter Dayan''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} is a British [[neuroscience|neuroscientist]] and [[computer science|computer scientist]] who is director at the [[Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics]] in [[Tübingen]], Germany, along with [[Ivan De Araujo]]. He is co-author of ''Theoretical Neuroscience'',<ref>{{Cite book|title=Theoretical Neuroscience: Computational and Mathematical Modeling of Neural Systems|last1=Dayan|first1=Peter|last2=Abbott|first2=Laurence|date=2014|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262541855|location=Cambridge|language=en|oclc = 952504127}}</ref> an influential textbook on [[computational neuroscience]]. He is known for applying [[Bayesian method]]s from [[machine learning]] and [[artificial intelligence]] to understand neural function and is particularly recognized for relating [[neurotransmitter]] levels to prediction errors and Bayesian uncertainties.<ref name="SchultzDayan1997">{{cite journal|last1=Schultz|first1=W.|last2=Dayan|first2=P.|last3=Montague|first3=P. R.|title=A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward|journal=Science|volume=275|issue=5306|year=1997|pages=1593–1599|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.275.5306.1593|pmid=9054347|s2cid=220093382 |url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~dana/Reward.pdf}} {{closed access}}</ref> He has pioneered the field of [[reinforcement learning]] (RL) where he helped develop the [[Q-learning]] algorithm, and made contributions to [[unsupervised learning]], including the [[wake-sleep algorithm]] for [[neural network]]s and the [[Helmholtz machine]].<ref name=q>{{cite journal|last1=Watkins|first1=Christopher J. C. H.|last2=Dayan|first2=Peter|title=Q-learning|journal=Machine Learning|volume=8|issue=3–4|year=1992|pages=279–292|issn=0885-6125|doi=10.1007/BF00992698|doi-access=free|hdl=21.11116/0000-0002-D738-D|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Dayan1992">{{cite journal|last1=Dayan|first1=Peter|journal=Machine Learning|title=The convergence of TD (λ) for general λ|volume=8|issue=3/4|year=1992|pages=341–362|issn=0885-6125|doi=10.1023/A:1022632907294|doi-access=free|hdl=21.11116/0000-0002-D743-0|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = The helmholtz machine.|journal = Neural Computation|date = 1995|pages = 889–904|volume = 7|issue = 5|first1 = Dayan|last1 = Peter|author-link1=Peter Dayan|first2 = Geoffrey E.|last2 = Hinton|author-link2=Geoffrey Hinton|first3 = Radford M.|last3 = Neal|author-link3=Radford M. Neal|first4 = Richard S.|last4 = Zemel|author-link4=Richard Zemel|doi = 10.1162/neco.1995.7.5.889|pmid = 7584891|hdl = 21.11116/0000-0002-D6D3-E| s2cid=1890561 |hdl-access = free}} {{closed access}}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
Dayan studied mathematics at the [[University of Cambridge]] and then continued for a PhD in artificial intelligence at the [[University of Edinburgh]] on statistical learning <ref name=phd>{{Cite thesis|last=Dayan|first=Peter Samuel|degree=PhD|date=1991|title=Reinforcing connectionism: learning the statistical way|url=https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/14754|website=lib.ed.ac.uk|hdl=1842/14754|language=en|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.649240}}}} {{free access}}</ref> with [[d:Q54978760|David Willshaw]] and [[David Wallace (physicist)|David Wallace]], focusing on [[Association (psychology)|associative]] [[memory]] and [[reinforcement learning]].<ref name=phd/>
Dayan studied mathematics at the [[University of Cambridge]] and then continued for a [[PhD]] in [[artificial intelligence]] at the [[University of Edinburgh School of Informatics]] on statistical learning<ref name=phd>{{Cite thesis|last=Dayan|first=Peter Samuel|degree=PhD|date=1991|title=Reinforcing connectionism: learning the statistical way|hdl=1842/14754|language=en|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.649240}}}} {{free access}}</ref> supervised by David Willshaw and [[David Wallace (physicist)|David Wallace]], focusing on [[Association (psychology)|associative]] [[memory]] and [[reinforcement learning]].<ref name=phd/>


==Career and research==
==Career and research==
After his PhD, Dayan held [[postdoctoral research]] positions with [[Terry Sejnowski]] at the [[Salk Institute]] and [[Geoffrey Hinton]] at the [[University of Toronto]]. He then took up an assistant professor position at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], and moved to the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit at University College London in 1998, becoming professor and director in 2002. He stepped down as director in 2017. In September 2018, the Max Planck Society announced his appointment as a director at the [[Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Dayan and Li Zhaoping appointed to the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics |url=https://www.mpg.de/12300126/appointment-dayan-li |website=mpg.de |accessdate=2 October 2018}}</ref>.
After his PhD, Dayan held [[postdoctoral research]] positions with [[Terry Sejnowski]] at the [[Salk Institute]] and [[Geoffrey Hinton]] at the [[University of Toronto]]. He then took up an assistant professor position at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), and moved to the [[Gatsby Charitable Foundation]] computational neuroscience unit at [[University College London]] (UCL) in 1998, becoming professor and director in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~dayan/|title=Peter Dayan|website=gatsby.ucl.ac.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325134010/http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~dayan/|archive-date=2019-03-25}}</ref> In September 2018, the [[Max Planck Society]] announced his appointment as a director at the [[Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics]] in [[Tübingen]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Dayan and Li Zhaoping appointed to the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics |url=https://www.mpg.de/12300126/appointment-dayan-li |website=mpg.de |access-date=2 October 2018|year=2018|author=Anon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403042224/https://www.mpg.de/12300126/appointment-dayan-li|archive-date=2019-04-03}}</ref>


===Awards and honours===
===Awards and honours===
Dayan was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2018|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018]].<ref name=frs>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/peter-dayan-13807/|title=Professor Peter Dayan FRS|website=royalsociety.org|location=London|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|accessdate=22 May 2018|author=Anon|year=2018}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].” --{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/|title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies|date=2016-11-11}}}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Rumelhart Prize]] in 2012 and [[The Brain Prize]] in 2017.<ref name=frs/>
Dayan was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2018|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018]].<ref name=frs>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/peter-dayan-13807/|author=Anon|year=2018|title=Professor Peter Dayan FRS|website=royalsociety.org|location=London|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|access-date=22 May 2018}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{blockquote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].” --{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/|title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies|date=2016-11-11}}}}</ref> In 2023, he was elected a member of the [[Academia Europaea]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Peter Dayan|url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Dayan_Peter|work=Member|publisher=Academia Europaea|access-date=2024-11-10}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Rumelhart Prize]] in 2012 and [[The Brain Prize]] in 2017.<ref name=frs/>


== References ==
==See also==
* [[Helmholtz machine]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Rumelhart Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Rumelhart Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Members of Academia Europaea]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]

[[Category:Max Planck Institute directors]]
[[Category:Academics of University College London]]


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Latest revision as of 13:53, 10 November 2024

Peter Dayan
FRS
Royal Society 2018
Alma materUniversity of Cambridge (BA)
University of Edinburgh (PhD)
Known forQ-learning
SpouseLi Zhaoping
AwardsRumelhart Prize (2012)
The Brain Prize (2017)
Scientific career
FieldsComputational neuroscience
Reinforcement learning
InstitutionsMax Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
University College London
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Uber[1]
University of Toronto
Salk Institute
ThesisReinforcing connectionism : learning the statistical way (1991)
Doctoral advisorDavid Willshaw
Websitewww.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/person/95844/251691

Peter Dayan FRS is a British neuroscientist and computer scientist who is director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany, along with Ivan De Araujo. He is co-author of Theoretical Neuroscience,[2] an influential textbook on computational neuroscience. He is known for applying Bayesian methods from machine learning and artificial intelligence to understand neural function and is particularly recognized for relating neurotransmitter levels to prediction errors and Bayesian uncertainties.[3] He has pioneered the field of reinforcement learning (RL) where he helped develop the Q-learning algorithm, and made contributions to unsupervised learning, including the wake-sleep algorithm for neural networks and the Helmholtz machine.[4][5][6]

Education

[edit]

Dayan studied mathematics at the University of Cambridge and then continued for a PhD in artificial intelligence at the University of Edinburgh School of Informatics on statistical learning[7] supervised by David Willshaw and David Wallace, focusing on associative memory and reinforcement learning.[7]

Career and research

[edit]

After his PhD, Dayan held postdoctoral research positions with Terry Sejnowski at the Salk Institute and Geoffrey Hinton at the University of Toronto. He then took up an assistant professor position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and moved to the Gatsby Charitable Foundation computational neuroscience unit at University College London (UCL) in 1998, becoming professor and director in 2002.[8] In September 2018, the Max Planck Society announced his appointment as a director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen.[9]

Awards and honours

[edit]

Dayan was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018.[10] In 2023, he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea.[11] He was awarded the Rumelhart Prize in 2012 and The Brain Prize in 2017.[10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ghahramani, Zoubin (2017). "Welcoming Peter Dayan to Uber AI Labs". uber.com. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018.
  2. ^ Dayan, Peter; Abbott, Laurence (2014). Theoretical Neuroscience: Computational and Mathematical Modeling of Neural Systems. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262541855. OCLC 952504127.
  3. ^ Schultz, W.; Dayan, P.; Montague, P. R. (1997). "A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward" (PDF). Science. 275 (5306): 1593–1599. doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9054347. S2CID 220093382. Closed access icon
  4. ^ Watkins, Christopher J. C. H.; Dayan, Peter (1992). "Q-learning". Machine Learning. 8 (3–4): 279–292. doi:10.1007/BF00992698. hdl:21.11116/0000-0002-D738-D. ISSN 0885-6125.
  5. ^ Dayan, Peter (1992). "The convergence of TD (λ) for general λ". Machine Learning. 8 (3/4): 341–362. doi:10.1023/A:1022632907294. hdl:21.11116/0000-0002-D743-0. ISSN 0885-6125.
  6. ^ Peter, Dayan; Hinton, Geoffrey E.; Neal, Radford M.; Zemel, Richard S. (1995). "The helmholtz machine". Neural Computation. 7 (5): 889–904. doi:10.1162/neco.1995.7.5.889. hdl:21.11116/0000-0002-D6D3-E. PMID 7584891. S2CID 1890561. Closed access icon
  7. ^ a b Dayan, Peter Samuel (1991). Reinforcing connectionism: learning the statistical way (PhD thesis). hdl:1842/14754. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.649240. Free access icon
  8. ^ "Peter Dayan". gatsby.ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019.
  9. ^ Anon (2018). "Peter Dayan and Li Zhaoping appointed to the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics". mpg.de. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  10. ^ a b Anon (2018). "Professor Peter Dayan FRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society. Retrieved 22 May 2018. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:

    “All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies at the Wayback Machine (archived 2016-11-11)
  11. ^ "Peter Dayan". Member. Academia Europaea. Retrieved 10 November 2024.

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