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"Story" is a better example of [o] as it is usually monophthongal; "cold" is generally diphthongal
 
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{{IPA key|H:IPA-UK}}
{{IPA key|H:IPA-UK}}
{{inline audio}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] represents [[Ukrainian language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-uk}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.


Ukrainian contrasts [[palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] "soft" and unpalatalized "hard" consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript {{angbr IPA|j}}, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the [[hard palate]], like in the {{IPA|[j]}} sound in ''yes''.
Ukrainian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft ([[palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]]) consonants (both phonetically and orthographically). Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript {{angbr IPA|ʲ}}, are pronounced with the body of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[hard palate]], like the articulation of the ''y'' sound in ''yes''.


See [[Ukrainian phonology]] for more details on the sounds of Ukrainian.
See [[Ukrainian phonology]] and [[Ukrainian alphabet]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Ukrainian.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="8" | [[Consonant]]s
! colspan="8" | [[Consonants]]
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | Hard
! colspan="4" | Hard
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| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дим.ogg|[dɪm]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дим.ogg|[dɪm]}}
| '''d'''o
| '''d'''o
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|dʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|dʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''д'''ім}}, {{lang|uk|мі'''дь'''}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{lang|uk|'''д'''ім}}, {{lang|uk|мі'''дь'''}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дім.ogg|[d⁽ʲ⁾im]}}, {{IPA|[midʲ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дім.ogg|[d⁽ʲ⁾im]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-мідь.oga|[midʲ]}}
|'''d'''ew
|me'''di'''a
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|d̪͡z̪|dz}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|d̪͡z̪|dz}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''дз'''е́ркало}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{lang|uk|'''дз'''е́ркало}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дзеркало.ogg|[ˈdzɛrkɐɫo]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дзеркало.ogg|[ˈdzɛrkɐlo]}}
| pa'''ds'''
| pa'''ds'''
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|dzʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|dzʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|ґе'''дзь'''}}, {{lang|uk|'''дзь'''об}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{lang|uk|ґе'''дзь'''}}, {{lang|uk|'''дзь'''об}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ґедзь.ogg|[ɡɛdzʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дзьоб.ogg|[dzʲɔb]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ґедзь.ogg|[ɡɛdzʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дзьоб.ogg|[dzʲɔb]}}
| pa'''d's''' yours
| pa'''d's y'''ours
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|dʒ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|dʒ}}</big>
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| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɫ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɫ|l}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''л'''ось}}
| {{lang|uk|'''л'''ось}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лось.ogg|[ɫɔsʲ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лось.ogg|[lɔsʲ]}}
| be'''ll'''
| be'''ll'''
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|lʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|lʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''л'''ід}}, {{lang|uk|сі'''ль'''}}
| {{lang|uk|'''л'''ід}}, {{lang|uk|сі'''ль'''}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лід.ogg|[l⁽ʲ⁾id]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-сіль.ogg|[s⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лід.ogg|[l⁽ʲ⁾id]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-сіль.ogg|[s⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ]}}
| '''l'''east
| mi'''lli'''on
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>
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| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-небо.ogg|[ˈnɛbo]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-небо.ogg|[ˈnɛbo]}}
| '''n'''oon
| '''n'''oon
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|nʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|nʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''н'''і́жний}}, {{lang|uk|де'''нь'''}}
| {{lang|uk|'''н'''і́жний}}, {{lang|uk|де'''нь'''}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ніжний.ogg|[ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒnɪj]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-день.ogg|[dɛnʲ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ніжний.ogg|[ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒnɪj]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-день.ogg|[dɛnʲ]}}
| '''n'''ew
| ca'''ny'''on
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''п'''ил}}
| {{lang|uk|'''п'''ил}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-пил.ogg|[pɪɫ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-пил.ogg|[pɪl]}}
| s'''p'''are
| s'''p'''are
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
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| {{lang|uk|лі́ка'''р'''}}
| {{lang|uk|лі́ка'''р'''}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лікар.ogg|[ˈl⁽ʲ⁾ikɐr]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лікар.ogg|[ˈl⁽ʲ⁾ikɐr]}}
| ''[[alveolar trill|trilled r]], like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]'' gue'''rr'''a
| ''[[alveolar trill|trilled r]], like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]'' '''r'''iesgo
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|rʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|rʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''р'''і́чка}}
| {{lang|uk|'''р'''і́чка}}, {{lang|uk|бу'''р'''я́к}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-річка.ogg|[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾itʃkɐ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-річка.ogg|[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾itʃkɐ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-буряк.ogg|[bʊˈrʲɑk]}}
| ''trilled r, like in Spanish'' '''r'''iesgo
| ''trilled r, like in Spanish'' '''r'''iesgo
|-
|-
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| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-суп.ogg|[sup]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-суп.ogg|[sup]}}
| '''s'''oup
| '''s'''oup
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|sʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|sʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''с'''і́но}}, {{lang|uk|ві'''сь'''}}
| {{lang|uk|'''с'''і́но}}, {{lang|uk|ві'''сь'''}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-сіно.ogg|[ˈs⁽ʲ⁾ino]}}, {{IPA|[wisʲ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-сіно.ogg|[ˈs⁽ʲ⁾ino]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|LL-Q8798_(ukr)-Po_ukraińsku_(Andriana)-вісь.wav|[w⁽ʲ⁾isʲ]}}
| a'''ss'''ume ''([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])''
| '''s'''uit
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big>
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| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-тин.ogg|[tɪn]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-тин.ogg|[tɪn]}}
| s'''t'''ar
| s'''t'''ar
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|tʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|tʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''т'''інь}}, {{lang|uk|ми'''ть'''}}
| {{lang|uk|'''т'''інь}}, {{lang|uk|ми'''ть'''}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-тінь.ogg|[t⁽ʲ⁾inʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-мить.ogg|[mɪtʲ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-тінь.ogg|[t⁽ʲ⁾inʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-мить.ogg|[mɪtʲ]}}
| s'''t'''ew
| s'''t'''ew ''([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])''
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|t̪͡s̪|ts}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|t̪͡s̪|ts}}</big>
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| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-цибуля.ogg|[tsɪˈbulʲɐ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-цибуля.ogg|[tsɪˈbulʲɐ]}}
| ca'''ts'''
| ca'''ts'''
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|tsʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|tsʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''ц'''іна́}}, {{lang|uk|віне́'''ць'''}}
| {{lang|uk|'''ц'''іна́}}, {{lang|uk|віне́'''ць'''}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ціна.ogg|[ts⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɑ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вінець.ogg|[wiˈnɛtsʲ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ціна.ogg|[ts⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɑ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вінець.ogg|[w⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɛtsʲ]}}
| ca'''t's''' young
| ca'''t's y'''oung
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|tʃ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|tʃ}}</big>
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| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-очерет.ogg|[otʃeˈrɛt]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вище.ogg|[ˈwɪʃtʃe]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-очерет.ogg|[otʃeˈrɛt]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вище.ogg|[ˈwɪʃtʃe]}}
| '''ch'''oose
| '''ch'''oose
| colspan="4" rowspan="6" {{n/a}}
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" {{n/a}}
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|w|u̯}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|w|u̯}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''в'''чи́тель}}, {{lang|uk|ста'''в'''}}<ref name="V">The phoneme {{IPA|/enwiki/w/}} (spelled {{angbr|в}} has variable pronunciation, but is generally labiodental {{IPA|[ʋ]}}; it is {{IPA|[w]}} before {{IPA|[ɔ]}} or {{IPA|[u]}} and is vocalized to {{IPA|[]}} before a consonant at the beginning of a word, after a vowel before a consonant or after a vowel at the end of a word.</ref>
| {{lang|uk|'''в'''чи́тель}}, {{lang|uk|ста'''в'''}}<ref name="V">The phoneme {{IPA|/enwiki/w/}} (spelled {{angbr|в}}) has variable pronunciation, but is generally labiodental {{IPAblink|ʋ}}; it is {{IPAblink|w}} before {{IPA|/ɔ/}} or {{IPA|/u/}} and is vocalized to {{IPAblink|u̯}} before a consonant at the beginning of a word, after a vowel before a consonant or after a vowel at the end of a word. For simplicity, we will use {{angbr IPA|w}} for both {{IPA|[ʋ]}} and {{IPA|[w]}}.</ref>
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вчитель.ogg|[ˈu̯tʃɪtelʲ]}}, {{IPA|[stɑu̯]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вчитель.ogg|[ˈu̯tʃɪtelʲ]}}, {{IPA|[stɑu̯]}}
| to'''w'''
| to'''w'''
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| '''v'''ine
| '''v'''ine
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʋ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʋ|w}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''в'''іл}}<ref name="V"/>
| {{lang|uk|'''в'''ода́}}<ref name="V"/>
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-віл.ogg|[ʋiɫ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вода.ogg|[woˈdɑ]}}
| ''between'' '''w'''ine ''and'' '''v'''ine
| ''between'' '''w'''ine ''and'' '''v'''ine
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|}}</big>
|-
| {{lang|uk|'''в'''і́тер}}, {{lang|uk|ц'''в'''ях}}<ref name="V"/>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|w}}</big>
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вітер.ogg|[ˈw⁽ʲ⁾iter]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-цвях.ogg|[tsʲwʲɑx]}}
| {{lang|uk|'''в'''оша}}<ref name="V"/>
| ''between'' '''w'''eak ''and'' '''v'''eal
| {{IPA|[ˈwɔʃɐ]}}
| '''w'''ash
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|x}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|x}}</big>
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| {{IPA|[xou̯ˈrɑx]}}
| {{IPA|[xou̯ˈrɑx]}}
| Ba'''ch''', lo'''ch'''
| Ba'''ch''', lo'''ch'''
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|z̪|z}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|z̪|z}}</big>
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| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-зуб.ogg|[zub]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-зуб.ogg|[zub]}}
| '''z'''oo
| '''z'''oo
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|zʲ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA|zʲ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''з'''і́ллю}}, {{lang|uk|рі́'''зь'''блення}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{lang|uk|'''з'''і́ллю}}, {{lang|uk|рі́'''зь'''блення}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{IPA|[ˈz⁽ʲ⁾ilʲːʊ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-різьблення.ogg|[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾izʲblenʲːɐ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈz⁽ʲ⁾ilʲːʊ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-різьблення.ogg|[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾izʲblenʲːɐ]}}
| pre'''s'''ume
| pre'''s'''ume
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʒ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʒ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''ж'''и́то}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{lang|uk|'''ж'''и́то}}<ref name="voiced"/>
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-жито.ogg|[ˈʒɪto]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-жито.ogg|[ˈʒɪto]}}
| mea'''s'''ure, gara'''ge'''
| mea'''s'''ure
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|-
|-
! colspan="8" | [[Vowel]]s
! colspan="8" | [[Vowels]]
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | Stressed
! colspan="4" | Stressed
Line 216: Line 217:
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɛ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɛ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|д'''е'''нь}}, {{lang|uk|'''є'''сть}}
| {{lang|uk|д'''е'''нь}}, {{lang|uk|'''є'''}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-день.ogg|[dɛnʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|Uk-єсть.ogg|[jɛsʲtʲ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-день.ogg|[dɛnʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|Uk-є.ogg|[]}}
| m'''e'''t
| m'''e'''t
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|e}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|e}}</big>
Line 226: Line 227:
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|к'''і'''т}}, {{lang|uk|'''і́'''кла}}
| {{lang|uk|к'''і'''т}}, {{lang|uk|'''і́'''кла}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-кіт.ogg|[kit]}}, {{IPA|[ˈikɫɐ]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-кіт.ogg|[kit]}}, {{IPA|[ˈiklɐ]}}
| m'''ee'''t
| m'''ee'''t
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|б'''і'''ле́т}}
| {{lang|uk|б'''і'''ле́т}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-білет.ogg|[biˈɫɛt]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-білет.ogg|[biˈlɛt]}}
| m'''ee'''t
| m'''ee'''t
|-
|-
Line 244: Line 245:
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɔ}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɔ}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|п'''о́'''ле}}, {{lang|uk|ль'''о'''н}}
| {{lang|uk|п'''о́'''ле}}, {{lang|uk|ль'''о'''н}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-поле.ogg|[ˈpɔɫe]}}, {{IPA|[lʲɔn]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-поле.ogg|[ˈpɔle]}}, {{IPA|[lʲɔn]}}
| '''o'''ff
| '''o'''ff
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|o}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|o}}</big>
| {{lang|uk|'''о'''ру́дний}}
| {{lang|uk|'''о'''ру́дний}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-орудний.ogg|[oˈrudnɪj]}}
| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-орудний.ogg|[oˈrudnɪj]}}
| c'''o'''ld
| st'''o'''ry
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" |<big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
Line 271: Line 272:
|-
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{IPAlink|ː|◌<big>ː</big>}}
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{IPAlink|ː|◌<big>ː</big>}}
| colspan="5" | [[gemination]] (the consonant is pronounced twice as long)<ref>In Ukrainian, geminates are found between vowels: {{lang|uk|бага́ття}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-багаття.ogg|[bɐˈɦɑtʲːɐ]}} 'bonfire', {{lang|uk|подру́жжя}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-подружжя.ogg|[poˈdruʒːɐ]}} 'married couple', {{lang|uk|обли́ччя}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-обличчя.ogg|[oˈblɪtʃːɐ]}} 'face'. Geminates also occur at the beginning of a few words: {{lang|uk|лля́ний}} {{IPA|[ˈlʲːɑnɪj]}} 'flaxen', forms of the verb {{lang|uk|ли́ти}} 'to pour' ({{lang|uk|ллючи́}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ллючи.ogg|[lʲːʊˈtʃɪ]}}, {{lang|uk|ллю}} {{IPA|[lʲːu]}}, {{lang|uk|ллєш}} {{IPA|[lʲːɛʃ]}} etc.), {{lang|uk|сса́ти}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ссати.ogg|[ˈsːɑtɪ]}} 'to suck' and derivatives.{{fact}}</ref>
| colspan="5" | [[gemination]] (the consonant is pronounced twice as long)<ref>In Ukrainian, geminates are found between vowels: {{lang|uk|бага́ття}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-багаття.ogg|[bɐˈɦɑtʲːɐ]}} 'bonfire', {{lang|uk|подру́жжя}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-подружжя.ogg|[poˈdruʒːɐ]}} 'married couple', {{lang|uk|обли́ччя}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-обличчя.ogg|[oˈblɪtʃːɐ]}} 'face'. Geminates also occur at the beginning of a few words: {{lang|uk|лля́ний}} {{IPA|[ˈlʲːɑnɪj]}} 'flaxen', forms of the verb {{lang|uk|ли́ти}} 'to pour' ({{lang|uk|ллючи́}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ллючи.ogg|[lʲːʊˈtʃɪ]}}, {{lang|uk|ллю}} {{IPA|[lʲːu]}}, {{lang|uk|ллєш}} {{IPA|[lʲːɛʃ]}}, etc.), {{lang|uk|сса́ти}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ссати.ogg|[ˈsːɑtɪ]}} 'to suck' and derivatives.{{fact}}</ref>
|-
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|◌<big>⁽ʲ⁾</big>}}
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|◌<big>⁽ʲ⁾</big>}}
Line 305: Line 306:
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

==See also==
*{{clc|Pages with Ukrainian IPA|pages}}


{{IPA keys}}
{{IPA keys}}

Latest revision as of 14:30, 10 November 2024

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Ukrainian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Ukrainian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft (palatalized) consonants (both phonetically and orthographically). Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript ⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, like the articulation of the y sound in yes.

See Ukrainian phonology and Ukrainian alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Ukrainian.

Consonants
Hard Soft
IPA Examples English approximations IPA Examples English approximations
b бог[1] [bɔɦ] boot
d дим[1] [dɪm] do дім, мідь[1] [d⁽ʲ⁾im], [midʲ] media
dz дзе́ркало[1] [ˈdzɛrkɐlo] pads dzʲ ґедзь, дзьоб[1] [ɡɛdzʲ], [dzʲɔb] pad's yours
джміль[1] [dʒmilʲ] jump, ridge
f фа́рба [ˈfɑrbɐ] fool
ɡ ґа́нок[1] [ˈɡɑnok] good
ɣ чахохбі́лі[1] [tʃɐxoɣˈbil⁽ʲ⁾i] between good and hood
ɦ газе́та [ɦɐˈzɛtɐ] behind
j йти, гай, їда́льня [jtɪ], [ɦɑj], [jiˈdɑlʲnʲɐ] yes
k ключ [klʲutʃ] scar
l лось [lɔsʲ] bell лід, сіль [l⁽ʲ⁾id], [s⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ] million
m мир [mɪr] moot
n не́бо [ˈnɛbo] noon ні́жний, день [ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒnɪj], [dɛnʲ] canyon
p пил [pɪl] spare
r лі́кар [ˈl⁽ʲ⁾ikɐr] trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo рі́чка, буря́к [ˈr⁽ʲ⁾itʃkɐ], [bʊˈrʲɑk] trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo
s суп [sup] soup сі́но, вісь [ˈs⁽ʲ⁾ino], [w⁽ʲ⁾isʲ] assume (RP)
ʃ шпари́на, ви́ще [ʃpɐˈrɪnɐ], [ˈwɪʃtʃe] shop
t тин [tɪn] star тінь, мить [t⁽ʲ⁾inʲ], [mɪtʲ] stew (RP)
ts цибу́ля [tsɪˈbulʲɐ] cats tsʲ ціна́, віне́ць [ts⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɑ], [w⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɛtsʲ] cat's young
очере́т, вище [otʃeˈrɛt], [ˈwɪʃtʃe] choose
вчи́тель, став[2] [ˈu̯tʃɪtelʲ], [stɑu̯] tow
v Афганіста́н[1] [ɐvɦɐn⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɑn] vine
w вода́[2] [woˈdɑ] between wine and vine ві́тер, цвях[2] [ˈw⁽ʲ⁾iter], [tsʲwʲɑx] between weak and veal
x ховра́х [xou̯ˈrɑx] Bach, loch
z зуб[1] [zub] zoo зі́ллю, рі́зьблення[1] [ˈz⁽ʲ⁾ilʲːʊ], [ˈr⁽ʲ⁾izʲblenʲːɐ] presume
ʒ жи́то[1] [ˈʒɪto] measure
Vowels
Stressed Unstressed
IPA Examples English approximation IPA Examples English approximation
ɑ гай [ɦɑj] father ɐ гарма́та [ɦɐrˈmɑtɐ] hug
ɛ день, є [dɛnʲ], [jɛ] met e ефі́рний [eˈfirnɪj] rate
i кіт, і́кла [kit], [ˈiklɐ] meet i біле́т [biˈlɛt] meet
ɪ ми́ша [ˈmɪʃɐ] bit ɪ кра́сний[3] [ˈkrɑsnɪj] bit
ɔ по́ле, льон [ˈpɔle], [lʲɔn] off o ору́дний [oˈrudnɪj] story
u дух, лють [dux], [lʲutʲ] fool ʊ туди́ [tʊˈdɪ] put
Other symbols
IPA Explanation
ˈ stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
ˌ secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
ː gemination (the consonant is pronounced twice as long)[4]
⁽ʲ⁾ optional nature of consonant palatalization before /i/

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Voiceless obstruents /p t ts tsʲ k x f s ʃ/ are voiced [b d dz dzʲ ɡ ɣ v z ʒ] before other voiced obstruents. [ɣ] and [v] only ever occur in this case.
  2. ^ a b c The phoneme /enwiki/w/ (spelled ⟨в⟩) has variable pronunciation, but is generally labiodental [ʋ]; it is [w] before /ɔ/ or /u/ and is vocalized to [] before a consonant at the beginning of a word, after a vowel before a consonant or after a vowel at the end of a word. For simplicity, we will use ⟨w⟩ for both [ʋ] and [w].
  3. ^ May also be realized as [e].
  4. ^ In Ukrainian, geminates are found between vowels: бага́ття [bɐˈɦɑtʲːɐ] 'bonfire', подру́жжя [poˈdruʒːɐ] 'married couple', обли́ччя [oˈblɪtʃːɐ] 'face'. Geminates also occur at the beginning of a few words: лля́ний [ˈlʲːɑnɪj] 'flaxen', forms of the verb ли́ти 'to pour' (ллючи́ [lʲːʊˈtʃɪ], ллю [lʲːu], ллєш [lʲːɛʃ], etc.), сса́ти [ˈsːɑtɪ] 'to suck' and derivatives.[citation needed]

Bibliography

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  • Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995). Ukrainian. Lincom Europa. ISBN 978-3-929075-08-3.
  • Жовтобрюх, М.А.; Кулик, Б.М. (1965). Курс сучасної української літературної мови. Частина I. (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Радянська школа.

See also

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