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{{Short description|Queen of France from 1461 to 1483}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Charlotte of Savoy
| name = Charlotte of Savoy
| consort =yes
| consort = yes
| succession =[[Queen consort of France]]
| succession = [[Queen consort of France]]
| image =Charlotte de Savoie.jpg
| image = Charlotte de Savoie.jpg
| caption =Portrait of Charlotte of Savoy, {{circa|1472}}
| caption = Portrait of Charlotte of Savoy, {{circa|1472}}
| reign = 22 July 1461 – 30 August 1483
| reign = 22 July 1461 – 30 August 1483
| spouse ={{marriage|[[Louis XI of France]]<br>|14 February 1451|30 August 1483|end=d.}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Louis XI of France]]<br>|14 February 1451|30 August 1483|end=d.}}
| issue = [[Anne of France|Anne, Duchess of Bourbon]]<br>[[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry|Joan, Queen of France]]<br>[[Charles VIII of France]]
| issue = {{plainlist|
*[[Anne, Duchess of Bourbon]]
*[[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry|Joan, Queen of France]]
*[[Charles VIII of France]]
⚫
}}
| house =[[House of Valois|Valois]]
| othertitles =
| house = [[House of Savoy]]
| father =[[Louis, Duke of Savoy]]
| othertitles =
| father = [[Louis, Duke of Savoy]]
| mother =[[Anne of Cyprus]]
| mother = [[Anne of Cyprus]]
| succession1 = [[Queen regent of France]]
⚫
| birth_date = {{circa|1441/3}}
| birth_place =
| reign-type1 = Regency
| reign1 = 1465
| death_date = {{death date and age|1483|12|1|1441|11|11|df=y}}
| pre-type1 = Monarch
| predecessor1 = [[Louis XI]]
⚫
| birth_date = 16 November 1441
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1 December 1483 (aged 42)
| death_place = [[Amboise]], France
| death_place = [[Amboise]], France
| place of burial = Notre-Dame de Cléry Basilica, [[Cléry-Saint-André]], France
| place of burial = Notre-Dame de Cléry Basilica, [[Cléry-Saint-André]], France
⚫
}}
|religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]
⚫
|}}


'''Charlotte of Savoy''' (c. 1441/3 – 1 December 1483) was [[queen of France]] as the second spouse of [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]]. She served as regent during the king's absence in 1465, and was a member of the royal regency council during her son's minority in 1483.
'''Charlotte of Savoy''' (16 November 1441 – 1 December 1483) was [[Queen of France]] as the second spouse of [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]]. She served as regent during the king's absence in 1465, and was a member of the royal regency council during her son's minority in 1483.


== Life ==
== Life ==


She was a daughter of [[Louis, Duke of Savoy]]<ref name="Stieber254">Joachim W. Stieber, ''Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire'', (E.J. Brill, 1978), 254.</ref> and [[Anne of Cyprus]].<ref name="Jansen2-3">Sharon L. Jansen, ''Anne of France: Lessons For My Daughter'', ed. Jane Chance, (Boydell & Brewer, 2004), 2-3</ref> Her maternal grandparents were [[Janus of Cyprus]] and [[Charlotte de Bourbon-La Marche]]. Her maternal grandmother, for whom she was probably named, was a daughter of [[John I, Count of La Marche]], and [[Catherine de Vendôme]]. She was one of 19 children, 14 of whom survived infancy.
She was a daughter of [[Louis, Duke of Savoy]]<ref name="Stieber254">Joachim W. Stieber, ''Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire'', (E.J. Brill, 1978), 254.</ref> and [[Anne of Cyprus]].<ref name="Jansen2-3">Sharon L. Jansen, ''Anne of France: Lessons For My Daughter'', ed. Jane Chance, (Boydell & Brewer, 2004), 2-3</ref> She was one of 19 children, 14 of whom survived infancy.


===Marriage===
===Marriage===
On 11 March 1443, when Charlotte was just over a year old, she was betrothed to Frederick of Saxony (28 August 1439- 23 December 1451), eldest son of [[Frederick II, Elector of Saxony]].<ref name="Stieber254" /> For reasons unknown, the betrothal was annulled. Less than eight years later on 14 February 1451, Charlotte married [[Louis XI of France|Louis, Dauphin of France]] (future Louis XI), eldest son of [[Charles VII of France]] and [[Marie of Anjou]].<ref name="Vaughan353">Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Good'', (The Boydell Press, 2010), 353.</ref> The bride was nine years old and the groom twenty-seven. The marriage, which had taken place without the consent of the French king,<ref name="Vaughan353" /> was Louis' second; his first spouse, [[Margaret Stewart (Dauphine of France)|Margaret of Scotland]], had died childless in 1445. Upon her marriage, Charlotte became Dauphine of France.
On 11 March 1443, when Charlotte was just over a year old, she was betrothed to Frederick of Saxony (28 August 1439- 23 December 1451), eldest son of [[Frederick II, Elector of Saxony]].<ref name="Stieber254" /> For reasons unknown, the betrothal was annulled. Less than eight years later on 14 February 1451, Charlotte married [[Louis XI of France|Louis, Dauphin of France]] (future Louis XI), eldest son of [[Charles VII of France]] and [[Marie of Anjou]].<ref name="Vaughan353">Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Good'', (The Boydell Press, 2010), 353.</ref> The bride was nine years old and the groom twenty-seven. The marriage, which had taken place without the consent of the French king,<ref name="Vaughan353" /> was Louis' second; his first spouse, [[Margaret Stewart (Dauphine of France)|Margaret of Scotland]], had died childless in 1445. Upon her marriage, Charlotte became Dauphine of France.


Louis reportedly neglected her. When the news upon his succession to the throne of France reached the couple at the Burgundian court, he immediately abandoned her in Burgundy to secure his inheritance, leaving her dependent upon [[Isabella of Bourbon]] to borrow her the carts and entourage necessary to travel to France to join him.
Louis reportedly neglected her. When the news of his succession to the throne of France reached the couple at the Burgundian court, he immediately abandoned her in Burgundy to secure his inheritance, leaving her dependent upon [[Isabella of Bourbon]] to borrow the carts and entourage necessary to travel to France to join him.


===Queen===
===Queen===
On 22 July 1461, Charlotte became Queen of France. The following year, she became seriously ill and was close to death by August 1462. Although she recovered, her health was weakened.
On 22 July 1461, Charlotte became Queen of France. The following year, she became seriously ill and was close to death by August 1462. Although she recovered, her health was weakened.


Louis XI did not keep much of a representational court life. He had queen Charlotte and her household kept secluded at the [[Château of Amboise]], where she spent her days with her sisters and courtiers, supervising the education of her daughters (her son was educated by the king), playing chess and marbles, listening to her lute player, doing needlework and fulfilling her religious duties.
Louis XI did not keep much of a representational court life. He had Queen Charlotte and her household kept secluded at the [[Château of Amboise]], where she spent her days with her sisters and courtiers, supervising the education of her daughters (her son was educated by the king), playing [[chess]] and marbles, listening to her lute player, doing needlework and fulfilling her religious duties. On rare occasions, she was asked to fulfil ceremonial tasks as queen such as greeting foreign guests, for example in 1470, when the king took the powerful [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick|Earl of Warwick]] and the [[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence|Duke of Clarence]] from England to Amboise to visit her. Charlotte was interested in literature and was praised for the taste and excellence of her personal library.<ref name="Jansen2-3" /> She left a collection of about one hundred manuscripts, which would become the genesis of the [[Bibliothèque Nationale de France]].
On rare occasions she was asked to fulfill ceremonial tasks as queen such as greeting foreign guests, for example in 1470, when the king took the powerful Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence from England to Amboise to visit her.
Charlotte was interested in literature and praised for the taste and excellence of her personal library.<ref name="Jansen2-3" /> She left a collection of about one hundred manuscripts, which would become the genesis of the Bibliothèque nationale of France.


Charlotte was regarded as virtuous. A contemporary noted that "while she was an excellent Princess in other respects, she was not a person in whom a man could take any great delight";<ref name="Jansen2-3" /> However, after the birth of her last child in 1472, Louis swore that he would no longer be unfaithful, and according to the chronicler Phillip de Commynes, he kept this vow.
Charlotte was regarded as virtuous. A contemporary noted that "while she was an excellent Princess in other respects, she was not a person in whom a man could take any great delight";<ref name="Jansen2-3" /> However, after the birth of her last child in 1472, Louis swore that he would no longer be unfaithful, and according to the chronicler [[Philippe de Commines|Phillip de Commynes]], he kept this vow.


Charlotte served as regent in September 1465.
Charlotte served as regent in September 1465.


===Queen dowager===
===Queen dowager===
Charlotte was widowed in 1483, when Louis XI was succeeded by their son Charles VIII, who was still a minor.
Charlotte was widowed on 30 August 1483, upon which Louis XI was succeeded by their son Charles VIII, who was still a minor.


Louis XI did not make Charlotte regent if his son should succeed him while still a minor; he did in fact not formally appoint a regent at all, but he did leave instructions for a royal council to govern during such a minority, in which Charlotte, alongside Duke Jean de Bourbon II and their two sons-in-law Louis d'Orleans (married to their daughter Jeanne) and [[Peter II, Duke of Bourbon]] (married to their daughter Anne), were made members. In practice, her daughter Anne took control over France as regent during the minority of Charles.
Louis XI did not make Charlotte regent if his son should succeed him while still a minor; he did in fact not formally appoint a regent at all, but he did leave instructions for a royal council to govern during such a minority, in which Charlotte, alongside Duke Jean de Bourbon II and their two sons-in-law Louis d'Orleans (married to their daughter Jeanne) and [[Peter II, Duke of Bourbon]] (married to their daughter Anne), were made members. In practice, her daughter Anne took control over France as regent during the minority of Charles.


Charlotte died on 1 December 1483 in [[Amboise]], just a few months after her spouse's death. She is buried with him in the [[Notre-Dame de Cléry Basilica]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clery-saint-andre.com/basilique.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-08-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720162315/http://www.clery-saint-andre.com/basilique.html |archivedate=2006-07-20 |df= }}</ref> in [[Cléry-Saint-André]] ([[Loiret]]) in the [[arrondissement of Orléans]].
Charlotte died on 1 December 1483 in [[Amboise]], just a few months after her spouse's death. She is buried with him in the {{Ill|Basilica of Our Lady, Cléry|fr|Basilique Notre-Dame de Cléry}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clery-saint-andre.com/basilique.html |title=La Basilique Notre Dame de Cléry |access-date=2006-08-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720162315/http://www.clery-saint-andre.com/basilique.html |archive-date=2006-07-20 }}</ref> in [[Cléry-Saint-André]] ([[Loiret]]) in the [[arrondissement of Orléans]].


==Issue==
==Issue==
Charlotte became the mother of eight children, but only three survived infancy. These were [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]], who became king of France, [[Anne of France|Anne]], who acted as regent of France for Charles, and [[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry|Joan]], who became queen of France as the spouse of [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]].
Charlotte became the mother of eight children, but only three survived infancy. These were [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]], who became king of France, [[Anne of France|Anne]], who acted as regent of France for Charles, and [[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry|Joan]], who became queen of France as the spouse of [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]].


* Louis (18 October 1458{{spaced ndash}}1460)
*Louis (1458–1460)
*Joachim (1459)
* Joachim (15 July 1459{{spaced ndash}}29 November 1459)
*Louise (1460)
* Louise (born and died in 1460)
*[[Anne of France|Anne]] (3 April 1461 – 14 November 1522), Duchess of Bourbon, Viscountess of Thouars (1468–1473), Regent of France (1483–1491); married [[Peter II, Duke of Bourbon]], by whom she had one daughter, [[Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon]].
* [[Anne of France|Anne]] (3 April 1461 − 14 November 1522), married [[Peter II, Duke of Bourbon]].{{sfn|Kendall|1971|p=385}}
*[[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry|Joan]] (23 April 1464 – 4 February 1505), who was briefly Queen of France as the first spouse of [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]]
* [[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry|Joan]] (23 April 1464 – 4 February 1505), married Louis XII, King of France.{{sfn|Kendall|1971|p=385}}
* Louis (born and died on 4 December 1466)
*Francis (1466)
*[[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]] (30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), who married [[Anne of Brittany]]; he died childless.
* [[Charles VIII of France]] (30 June 1470 – 8 April 1498){{sfn|Kendall|1971|p=385}}
* Francis, [[Duke of Berry]] (3 September 1472 – November 1473)
*Francis (1472–1473)

Upon the death of her daughter, Anne, Charlotte's line became extinct; her granddaughter, Suzanne having died in 1521 without surviving issue.

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Charlotte of Savoy'''
|2= 2. [[Louis, Duke of Savoy]]
|3= 3. [[Anne of Cyprus]]
|4= 4. [[Antipope Felix V|Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy]]
|5= 5. [[Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Savoy|Mary of Burgundy]]
|6= 6. [[Janus of Cyprus]]
|7= 7. Charlotte of Bourbon-La Marche
|8= 8. [[Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy]]
|9= 9. [[Bonne of Berry]]
|10= 10. [[Philip the Bold]]
|11= 11. [[Margaret III, Countess of Flanders]]
|12= 12. [[James I of Cyprus]]
|13= 13. Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
|14= 14. [[John I, Count of La Marche]]
|15= 15. [[Catherine of Vendôme]]
|16= 16. [[Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy]]
|17= 17. [[Bonne of Bourbon]]
|18= 18. [[John, Duke of Berry]]
|19= 19. [[Joanna of Armagnac]]
|20= 20. [[John II of France]]
|21= 21. [[Bonne of Bohemia]]
|22= 22. [[Louis II of Flanders]]
|23= 23. Margaret of Brabant
|24= 24. [[Hugh IV of Cyprus]]
|25= 25. Alice d'Ibelin
|26= 26. Duke Philip of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
|27= 27. Helisia of Dampierre
|28= 28. [[James I, Count of La Marche]]
|29= 29. Jeanne of Châtillon
|30= 30. John VI, Count of Vendôme
|31= 31. [[Jeanne of Ponthieu]]
⚫
}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* [[Pauline Matarasso]], “Queen’s Mate: Three women of power in France on the eve of the Renaissance”
* {{cite book |first=Pauline |last=Matarasso |title=Queen's Mate: Three women of power in France on the eve of the Renaissance}}
* John Seargeant Cyprian Bridge, “A History of France from the Death of Louis XI”
* {{cite book |first=John Seargeant Cyprian |last=Bridge |title=A History of France from the Death of Louis XI}}
* Paul Murray Kendall, “The Universal Spider: Louis XI”
* {{cite book |first=Paul Murray |last=Kendall |authorlink=Paul Murray Kendall|title=The Universal Spider: Louis XI |year=1971 }}

==External links==
{{Commonscatinline}}


{{S-start}}
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{{s-hou|[[House of Savoy]]||1441/3|1 December|1483}}
{{S-roy|fr}}
{{S-roy|fr}}
|-
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{{Succession box|title=[[List of Queens and Empresses of France|Queen consort of France]]|before=[[Marie of Anjou]]|after=[[Anne of Brittany]]|years=22 July 1461 &ndash; 30 August 1483}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Marie of Anjou]]}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Queens and Empresses of France|Queen consort of France]]|years=22 July 1461 &ndash; 30 August 1483}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Anne of Brittany]]}}
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[[Category:1442 births]]
[[Category:1440s births]]
[[Category:1483 deaths]]
[[Category:1483 deaths]]
[[Category:French queens consort|Charlotte of Savoy]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Princesses of Savoy]]
[[Category:Queens consort of France|Charlotte of Savoy]]
[[Category:Princesses of Savoy|Charlotte]]
[[Category:House of Valois|Charlotte of Savoy]]
[[Category:House of Valois|Charlotte of Savoy]]
[[Category:Dauphines of Viennois|Charlotte of Savoy]]
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[[Category:Italian people of Cypriot descent]]
[[Category:Italian people of Cypriot descent]]
[[Category:French people of Cypriot descent]]
[[Category:French people of Cypriot descent]]
[[Category:15th-century women rulers]]
[[Category:15th-century women regents]]
[[Category:15th-century regents]]
[[Category:French queen mothers]]

Latest revision as of 15:19, 10 November 2024

Charlotte of Savoy
Portrait of Charlotte of Savoy, c. 1472
Queen consort of France
Tenure22 July 1461 – 30 August 1483
Queen regent of France
Regency1465
MonarchLouis XI
Born16 November 1441
Died1 December 1483 (aged 42)
Amboise, France
Burial
Notre-Dame de Cléry Basilica, Cléry-Saint-André, France
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1451; died 1483)​
Issue
HouseHouse of Savoy
FatherLouis, Duke of Savoy
MotherAnne of Cyprus

Charlotte of Savoy (16 November 1441 – 1 December 1483) was Queen of France as the second spouse of Louis XI. She served as regent during the king's absence in 1465, and was a member of the royal regency council during her son's minority in 1483.

Life

[edit]

She was a daughter of Louis, Duke of Savoy[1] and Anne of Cyprus.[2] She was one of 19 children, 14 of whom survived infancy.

Marriage

[edit]

On 11 March 1443, when Charlotte was just over a year old, she was betrothed to Frederick of Saxony (28 August 1439- 23 December 1451), eldest son of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony.[1] For reasons unknown, the betrothal was annulled. Less than eight years later on 14 February 1451, Charlotte married Louis, Dauphin of France (future Louis XI), eldest son of Charles VII of France and Marie of Anjou.[3] The bride was nine years old and the groom twenty-seven. The marriage, which had taken place without the consent of the French king,[3] was Louis' second; his first spouse, Margaret of Scotland, had died childless in 1445. Upon her marriage, Charlotte became Dauphine of France.

Louis reportedly neglected her. When the news of his succession to the throne of France reached the couple at the Burgundian court, he immediately abandoned her in Burgundy to secure his inheritance, leaving her dependent upon Isabella of Bourbon to borrow the carts and entourage necessary to travel to France to join him.

Queen

[edit]

On 22 July 1461, Charlotte became Queen of France. The following year, she became seriously ill and was close to death by August 1462. Although she recovered, her health was weakened.

Louis XI did not keep much of a representational court life. He had Queen Charlotte and her household kept secluded at the Château of Amboise, where she spent her days with her sisters and courtiers, supervising the education of her daughters (her son was educated by the king), playing chess and marbles, listening to her lute player, doing needlework and fulfilling her religious duties. On rare occasions, she was asked to fulfil ceremonial tasks as queen such as greeting foreign guests, for example in 1470, when the king took the powerful Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence from England to Amboise to visit her. Charlotte was interested in literature and was praised for the taste and excellence of her personal library.[2] She left a collection of about one hundred manuscripts, which would become the genesis of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.

Charlotte was regarded as virtuous. A contemporary noted that "while she was an excellent Princess in other respects, she was not a person in whom a man could take any great delight";[2] However, after the birth of her last child in 1472, Louis swore that he would no longer be unfaithful, and according to the chronicler Phillip de Commynes, he kept this vow.

Charlotte served as regent in September 1465.

Queen dowager

[edit]

Charlotte was widowed on 30 August 1483, upon which Louis XI was succeeded by their son Charles VIII, who was still a minor.

Louis XI did not make Charlotte regent if his son should succeed him while still a minor; he did in fact not formally appoint a regent at all, but he did leave instructions for a royal council to govern during such a minority, in which Charlotte, alongside Duke Jean de Bourbon II and their two sons-in-law Louis d'Orleans (married to their daughter Jeanne) and Peter II, Duke of Bourbon (married to their daughter Anne), were made members. In practice, her daughter Anne took control over France as regent during the minority of Charles.

Charlotte died on 1 December 1483 in Amboise, just a few months after her spouse's death. She is buried with him in the Basilica of Our Lady, Cléry [fr][4] in Cléry-Saint-André (Loiret) in the arrondissement of Orléans.

Issue

[edit]

Charlotte became the mother of eight children, but only three survived infancy. These were Charles VIII, who became king of France, Anne, who acted as regent of France for Charles, and Joan, who became queen of France as the spouse of Louis XII.

  • Louis (18 October 1458 – 1460)
  • Joachim (15 July 1459 – 29 November 1459)
  • Louise (born and died in 1460)
  • Anne (3 April 1461 − 14 November 1522), married Peter II, Duke of Bourbon.[5]
  • Joan (23 April 1464 – 4 February 1505), married Louis XII, King of France.[5]
  • Louis (born and died on 4 December 1466)
  • Charles VIII of France (30 June 1470 – 8 April 1498)[5]
  • Francis, Duke of Berry (3 September 1472 – November 1473)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Joachim W. Stieber, Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire, (E.J. Brill, 1978), 254.
  2. ^ a b c Sharon L. Jansen, Anne of France: Lessons For My Daughter, ed. Jane Chance, (Boydell & Brewer, 2004), 2-3
  3. ^ a b Richard Vaughan, Philip the Good, (The Boydell Press, 2010), 353.
  4. ^ "La Basilique Notre Dame de Cléry". Archived from the original on 2006-07-20. Retrieved 2006-08-26.
  5. ^ a b c Kendall 1971, p. 385.
  • Matarasso, Pauline. Queen's Mate: Three women of power in France on the eve of the Renaissance.
  • Bridge, John Seargeant Cyprian. A History of France from the Death of Louis XI.
  • Kendall, Paul Murray (1971). The Universal Spider: Louis XI.
[edit]

Media related to Charlotte of Savoy at Wikimedia Commons

Charlotte of Savoy
Born: 1441/3 Died: 1 December 1483
French royalty
Preceded by Queen consort of France
22 July 1461 – 30 August 1483 		Vacant
Title next held by
Anne of Brittany
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_of_Savoy&oldid=1256566744"